AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP Language Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
3660141519Dictionthe author's choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning Ex.: 1. The dreary, dark clouds rolled in on the same day I had to see the horrendous dentist. 2. Hopping down from the bed, the children skipped to see what Santa had brought them.0
3660141520SyntaxThe grammatical structure of prose and poetry Ex.: 1. Having skipped breakfast, the boy was ravenous by lunchtime. 2. The boy was ravenous by lunchtime because he had skipped breakfast.1
3660141521ToneAttitudes and presuppositions of the author that are revealed by their linguistic choices (diction, syntax, rhetorical devices) Ex.: 1. The stupid boys would pay for the destruction of the kiosk. 2. The child would grow strong with the love of her mother guiding her through the tough times.2
3660141522Imageryvisually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work Ex.: 1. The long, golden grass swayed as the wind blew through the valley. 2. The dark shadows in the night sent shivers up their spines.3
3660143346Figurative Languageusing figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive Ex.: 1. In the sea of people, the small child was as hard to find as a needle in a hay stack. 2. You have asked that question a thousand times!4
3660143347Point of ViewWho tells a story and how it is told. (1st, 2nd, 3rd limited, 3rd omniscient) Ex.: 1. My day was going great until I threw up in class. 2. She was very upset after finding out she was failing the class.5
3660143348Detailan individual feature, fact, or item. Ex.: 1. The red coat was left on the chair by the window. 2. She had long, golden hair.6
3660144914Pacinghow quickly or how slowly the writer takes a reader through a story Ex.: 1. He slowly made his way to the door, twisted the doorknob, and opened the door. 2. He jumped from building to building, knocking out bad guy to bad guy, until he made it to his destination.7
3660144915ShiftA change in mood accompanied by a change in nuance. Ex.: 1. She walked out of her cold, dark house into the bright, warm summer day. 2. It was a good day until the war began.8
3660144916ConnotationThe emotional definition of a word Ex.: 1. It was sad to leave home to live in a house far away. 2. My mom sometimes told me of my birth mother who I have never met.9
3660144917Denotationthe dictionary meaning of a word Ex.: 1. If by giving me the cookie was a sign of peace, I guess my sister has decided to forgive me. 2. The cat ran up the tree.10
3660146369ThemeThe central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing Ex.: 1. True love exists. 2. If you work hard enough, you can reach your goal.11
3660146370Abstractexisting in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence Ex.: 1. Imaginary friends are common among young children. 2. Love can be seen between two people who care about each other.12
3660146371Ad hominumappealing to personal considerations (rather than to fact or reason) Ex.: 1. I skipped swim practice because I didn't feel like going. 2. I would still go on the trip even though there are many reasons why I should not.13
3660148019Allegorya work in which the characters and events are to be understood as representing other things and symbolically expressing a deeper, often spiritual, moral, or political meaning Ex.: 1. One of the characters in The Lord of the Flies is an allegory to Jesus Christ because he was a martyr. 2. The movie Ants is an allegory to communism.14
3660148020Allusiona reference made to something that is not directly mentioned Ex.: 1. He lied so much that I am surprised his nose hasn't grown. 2. I was then stuck between a rock and a hard place.15
3660148021Alliterationa poetic or literary effect achieved by using several words that begin with the same or similar consonants Ex.: 1. The cute cat coughed up a hair ball. 2. The more money made, the more money to spend.16
3660150925Apostrophethe addressing of an absent person as if present or of an object or abstract idea as if capable of understanding Ex.: 1. It seemed as if the love in the house had packed it's bags and left. 2. I stood face to face with fear as I stood on the high dive.17
3660150926Aphorisma short statement of a general truth or idea Ex.: 1. The dog is all bark and no bite. 2. Easier said than done.18
3660150927Analogya comparison between two things that are similar in some way, often used to help explain something or make it easier to understand Ex.: 1. The blanket is soft like lambs' wool. 2. The sand felt as hot as coals.19
3660152191Anaphorarepetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect Ex.: 1. This is not the time for fun and games. This is not the time to lounge around. This is not the time to be letting grades slide. 2. We said we would see each other again. We said we would do all the things we had planned. We said we wouldn't forget each other.20
3660152192Anastrophethe reversal of the normal order of words Ex.: 1. It was the boy that I seek. 2. Into the lake the boy jumped.21
3660152193Anecdotea brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event Ex.: 1. It reminded me of the time I had cracked a raw egg on my head thinking it was boiled. 2. One time, walking down the hall, I had seen friends saying goodbye and I realized I didn't have any.22
3660154787Antithesisthe complete or exact opposite of something; a use of words or phrases that contrast with each other to create a balanced effect Ex.: 1. The good side and bad side. 2. "It was the best of times it was the worst of times"23
3660154788ArgumentIntellectual based persuasion Ex.: 1. People should have equal opportunities to succeed in life. 2. With the amount of fast food restaurants, there is no wonder why so many people are obese.24
3660158073Asyndetonthe omission of conjunctions in sentence constructions in which they would usually be used Ex.: 1. The town was quiet, no one was outside, all the lights were out. 2. The pool was cold, the swimmers were tired, the day was long.25
3660159837Cacophonytremendous noise, disharmonious sound Ex.: 1. The nasal voice of the teacher, annoyed many of the students. 2. The girls clothing was left moist after running through the rain.26
3660159838Chiasmusa statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed Ex.: 1. Don't let life control you, control your life. 2. Some people love to hate as must as they hate to love.27
3660159839Colloquialisminformal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing Ex.: 1. I would so not want to be you. 2. It's whatever.28
3660161296Conceita fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor Ex.: 1. Life is like a roller coaster. 2. Love is like a warm blanket.29
3660161297ConcessionSomething given up or yielded Ex.: 1. It is true that some people need guns to defend themselves out in the wild, but most people do not. 2. Some students need their cell phones to contact their parents, however they do not need them in the classroom.30
3660161298Concretedetails that are measurable and specific Ex.: 1. The unemployment rate in California is at 6.3%. 2. The black bear is the most common bear.31
3660164336Cumulative sentencea sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases Ex.: 1. I could tell my dog was tired by her drooping tail, closing eyes, and slow breathing. 2. Arden hills is a great place for weddings, birthday parties, and other ceremonies.32
3660164337Didactichaving the primary purpose of teaching or instructing Ex.: 1. The giant panda is the most endangered species of bear on the planet. 2. You will make a right turn at the end of the street.33
3660164338Digressiona message that departs from the main subject Ex.: 1. Swimming can be great with a little bribery such as the good chicken pot pie from KFC. 2. The presidential debates came on the brand new eighty inch TV with the new wireless speakers.34
3660164348Ellipsisthe omission of a word or phrase that is grammatically necessary but can be deduced from the context Ex.: 1. I'm not sure what the right answer is... 2. She paused,"...what was the question again?"35
3660166141Epiphanya moment of sudden revelation or insight Ex.: 1. That's when she realized she had made a mistake. 2. I suddenly realized what he had meant.36
3660166142Ethosan appeal based on the character/reputation/ credibility of the speaker Ex.: 1. As your doctor, I can recommend procedures that could reduce your chance of getting cancer. 2. "As your mother you must do as I say."37
3660166143Euphemisma more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable Ex.: 1. She is on the heaver side. 2. My grandmother passed away.38
3660166144Euphonyany agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds Ex.: 1. The lush forest was green and beautiful. 2. The luxurious vacation we went on was very peaceful.39
3660168160FallaciesWay of supporting facts that are not logically sound. Ex.: 1. I can't say there is no life outside of Earth because there's no evidence against it. 2. If my dog didn't eat my homework, then who did?40
3660168161GenreThe major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. Ex.: 1. Fantasy 2. Narrative41
3660168162Homilythis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. Ex.: 1. wedding homily 2. hot topics (ie abortion)42
3660168163Hyperboledeliberate exaggeration or overstatement Ex.: 1. There are a thousand things wrong with what you just said. 2. I could eat a cow.43
3660169401Invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language Ex.: 1. You must be a chicken if you aren't willing to jump of the bridge. 2. You can't be telling the truth because your a filthy liar.44
3660169402Inversionthe reversal of the normal order of words Ex.: 1. It is the force you have. 2. In the pool is where I am.45
3660169403IronyThe use of reversal, when what is said in a message is in conflict with the truth, character, ect. Ex.: 1. Soft as a needle. 2. The class was as well behaved as untrained dogs.46
3660170834LitotesA deliberate understatement that serves as a statement Ex.: 1. You won't be sorry. 2. It won't be the worst thing ever.47
3660170835Logosan appeal based on logic or reason Ex.: 1. I will not jump off the bridge because I would hurt myself. 2. In order to get good grades, I must take this time to study.48
3660170836Metaphora comparison of two unlike things, not using like or as Ex.: 1. The wind is a whisper that flows through the trees. 2. The tea is a fire as it burns my tongue.49
3660170837Metonymysubstituting the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself Ex.: 1. Would you lend a hand? 2. Put on your listening ears.50
3660172689Motifa recurring theme, subject or idea Ex.: 1. what goes around, comes around 2. lying is never good51
3660172690Non sequitursomething that does not logically follow Ex.: 1. He's wearing orange, so he must like oranges. 2. She likes the sun, so she must only go outside when it is sunny.52
3660172691Onomatopoeiaa figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Ex.: 1. buzz 2. splash53
3660174440Oxymorona figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Ex.: 1. jumbo shrimp 2. tiny giant54
3660174441Parallelismthe use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning Ex.: 1. You need to go quickly and quietly. 2. I washed the dishes while he vacuumed the floor.55
3660174442ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule Ex.: 1. Hunger Pains is a parody of Hunger games. 2. They are making a parody of Fifty Shades of Grey called Fifty Shades of Black.56
3660174494Paradoxparadox a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. Ex.: 1. I am nobody. 2. Saying goodbye is always bittersweet.57
3660176097Pathosan appeal based on emotion Ex.: 1. The cute puppy was left on the side of the road. 2. Having no family, he had no where to go.58
3660176098PedanticThe attempt of using elevated language. It is overly educated and does not fit. Ex.: 1. She would not stop talking about the math problems she was able to complete. 2. The teacher would not stop talking about his trip.59
3660177989Periodic sentencea complex sentence in which the main clause comes last and is preceded by the subordinate clause Ex.: 1. Even with the thunder and lightning, swim practice was not canceled. 2. Rain or shine, we will be in that pool.60
3660177990Personificationassigning human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts. Ex.: 1. The trees sang in the wind. 2. The pen plopped onto the floor and rolled away.61
3660177991Persuasionthe action or fact of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something Ex.: 1. I have a cough, congestion, and muscle aches, so I must be sick. 2. If you give me the candy, I will do your homework.62
3660179652Polysyndetonusing several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted Ex.: 1. I had to wash the dishes and scrub the floors and wash the windows and dust the furniture. 2. They own a Lamborghini and a Bentley and a BMW and a Mercedes, and a Ferrari.63
3660179653RepetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. Ex.: 1. No matter how strenuous, you must do it. No matter how much you don't want too, you must do it. No matter how long it will take, you must do it. 2. We always go to the movies they want to go to. We always eat at the restaurants they want to. We always do everything they want to.64
3660179654Sarcasmbitter, caustic language designed to hurt or ridicule someone or something. Often satirical or verbally ironic Ex.: 1. Of course you can't reach it, you're too short. 2. I'm sure that would be great for you!65
3660179655SatireA work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and convention for reform or ridicule. Often uses imitation, irony, and/or sarcasm Ex.: 1. Jealousy is something that all humans experience. 2. The characters were there to represent the common lies we tell.66
3660180963Similea comparison using like or as Ex.: 1. light as a feather 2. bright like the sun67
3660180964Syllepsisa construction in which one word is used in two different senses Ex.: 1. We ate toast and coffee for breakfast. 2. My roommate and I shared a room and life.68
3660183222Syllogisma three-part deductive argument in which a conclusion is based on a major premise and a minor premise Ex.: 1. I usually leave my house at 4:55. I usually on time. Therefore I will usually be on time if I leave my house at 4:55. 2. I pet my dog. She falls asleep. Therefore if I pet my dog, she will fall asleep.69
3660183223SymbolAnything that represents, stands for, something else. Usually concrete—such as an object, action, character, or scene—that represents something more abstract Ex.: 1. The olive branch is a symbol of peace. 2. The hawk is a symbol of war.70
3660184740SynecdochePart as representative of the whole Ex.: 1. That is a nice set of wheels. 2. We will need a headcount.71
3660184741Styledesign or make in a particular form Ex.: 1. word choice 2. sentence fluency72
3660184742Tautology(logic) a statement that is necessarily true Ex.: 1. In my opinion, he is wrong. 2. I heard it with my own ears, I know it is true.73
3660186762Understatementthe opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended Ex.: 1. It flooded so you can tell it rained a little more than usual. 2. The snow is often white.74
Powered by Quizlet.com

ap world history terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6722898681Hominidsools.0
6722898682Homo sapiensA species of the creatures Hominid who have larger brains and to which humans belong, dependent of language and usage of tools.1
6722898683Paleolithic eracalled the old stone age (from 10,000 to 2.5 million years ago); they were concerned with food supply; they used stone as well as bone tools; they were nomadic hunters and gatherers.2
6722898684Pastoral societysocieties were characterized by the domestication of animals but they usually did not settle down and farm or build towns.3
6722898685Neolithic era (origins)The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.4
6722898686Neolithic era (culture)5
6722898687Bantu MigrationsThe movement of the Bantu peoples southward throughout Africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 10006
6722898688Bronze Agea period of human culture between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, characterized by the use of weapons and implements made of bronze7
6722898689HittitesThe group of people who toppled the Babylonian empire and were responsible for two technological innovations--the war chariots and refinement of iron metallurgy.8
6722898690MesopotamiaThe "land between rivers" was home to some of the first empires in human history. It saw the invention of the wheel.9
6722898691Long Distance Trade10
6722898692Nile River Civilization11
6722898693Hammurabi's CodeA collection of 282 laws. One of the first (but not THE first) examples of written law in the ancient world.12
6722898694Assyrian Empirethis empire covered much of what is now mesopotamia, syria, palestine, egypt, and anatolia; its height was during the seventh and eigth centuries BCE13
6722898695Iron MetallurgyExtraction of iron from its ores. allowed for cheaper stronger production of weapons and tools. More abundant than tin and copper14
6722898696Patriarchal Societya form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe.15
6722898697Origins of Writing16
6722898698Hebrewsthe ethnic group claiming descent from Abraham and Isaac (especially from Isaac's son Jacob)17
6722898699Phoenicianslocated on eastern Mediterranean coast; invented the alphabet which used sounds rather than symbols like cuneiform18
6722898700Indus River Civilizations19
6722898701Indo European LanguagesSanskrit Indic language, in use since c1200 b.c. as the religious and classical literary language of India.20
6722898702Aryansimmigrants who arrived at the Ganges river valley by the year 1000 BC21
6722898703Vedic AgeA period in the history of India; It was a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth.22
6722898704Caste SystemThe system in old India that seperated the people into social categories, but based mostly on color with the Aryans always on the top of the social pyramid23
6722898705Yellow River Civilization (Xia Dynasty)A legendary Chinese dynasty that was not believed to exist until relatively recently. Walled towns ruled by area-specific kings assembled armies, built cities, and worked bronze. Created pictograms which would evolve in to the first Chinese script.24
6722898706Shang DynastyAn early Chinese dynasty. Not a unified Chinese state. Instead rulers and their relatives gave orders through a network of cities. Earliest evidence of Chinese writing comes from this period.25
6722898707Zhou DynastySucceeded the Shang dynasty. Similar to the Shang And Xia dynastic periods in that China was fragmented politically. Yet, despite the lack of true centralization, this was one of the longest Chinese dynasties, lasting about 600 years. It left substantial written records, unlike the preceding dynasties.26
6722898708Mandate of Heavena political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source27
6722898709Silk Production28
6722898710ChavinThe first major urban civilization in South America (900-250 B.C.E.). Its capital was located high in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Chavin became politically and economically dominant in a densely populated region.29
6722898711Farming and IrrigationWith the invention of this tecnique, lands were able to be farmed that previously could not have been30
6722898712Warring Statesthe period from 475 BC until the unification of China under the Qin dynasty, characterized by lack of centralized government in China. It followed the Zhou dynasty.31
6722898713Olmecs(1400 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E.) earliest known Mexican civilization,lived in rainforests along the Gulf of Mexico, developed calendar and constructed public buildings and temples, carried on trade with other groups.priests/aristocrats were at the top of society, built a ceremonial center, wroshiped the jaguar and werejaguar, best remains are the stone carved heads at la venta, use of calendar, spread through trade, known for art, most important legacy was priestly leadership and devotion32
6722898714Mayan Civilization1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. This is the most advanced civilization of the time in the Western Hempishere. Famous for its awe-inspiring temples, pyramids and cities. A complex social and political order.33
6722898715Teotihuacanfirst major metropolis in Mesoamerica, collapsed around 800 CE. It is most remembered for the gigantic "pyramid of the sun".34
6722898716Achaemenid EmpireThe name of an ancient Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) which was composed of many smaller kingdoms. The realm was divided into twenty-three districts whose administration and taxation was managed by satraps, or subordinate local rulers.35
6722898717Achaemenid Administration36
6722898718Persian WarsConflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire in the 400s BCE. Essentially Perisa--biggest empire in the world at the time--invaded Greece twice with an overwhelming force and lost both times. It contributed heavily to the rise of Athens as a mini-empire and the "golden age" of Athenian culture37
6722898719Classical PersiaMesopotamian empire that conquered the existing Median, Lydian, and Babylonian empires38
6722898720Economics of Classical Persia39
6722898721ZoroastrianismA religion originating in ancient Iran. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil40
6722898722ConfuciusChinese philosopher (circa 551-478 B41
6722898723ConfucianismThe system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.42
6722898724Daoismphilosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events43
6722898725Influence of Daoism on Chinese Culture44
6722898726LegalismChinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws45
6722898727Qin Dynastythe Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall46
6722898728Shi Huangdi47
6722898729Early Han Dynasty48
6722898730Emperor Wudi49
6722898731Fall of Han Dynasty50
6722898732Mauryan Dynasty51
6722898733Gupta Dynasty52
6722898734Jainism53
6722898735Buddhism54
6722898736Hinduism55
6722898737Myceneans56
6722898738Polis57
6722898739Sparta58
6722898740Athens59
6722898741Sparta60
6722898742Macedonian Empire61
6722898743Hellenistic Empire62
6722898744Olympics63
6722898745Socrates64
6722898746Aristotle65
6722898747Hellenistic Philosophies66
6722898748Roman Republic67
6722898749Julius Caesar68
6722898750Expansion of Roman Empire69
6722898751Roman Roads70
6722898752Roman Law71
6722898753Trade in the Mediterranean72
6722898754Jesus73
6722898755Early Christianity74
6722898756Silk Road75
6722898757Fall of Roman Empire76
6722898758Germanic Invasions77
6722898759Early Byzantine Empire78
6722898760Justinian's Code79
6722898761Byzantine Economy and Society80
6722898762Legacy of Classical Greece81
6722898763Fall of Byzatine Empire82
6722898764Byzantium and Russia83
6722898765Horses on Central Asia84
6722898766Spread of Epidemic Disease85
6722898767Lateen Sail86
6722898768Sternpost Rudder87
6722898769Dhows88
6722898770Magnestic Compass89
Powered by Quizlet.com

APES Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5340062032biomeA large area or geographical region with distinct plant and animal groups adapted to that environment as well as similar temp + precip0
5340080412climatogramdiagram that shows average temperature and precipitation of a given biome1
5340094323cold desert + whereclose to eqtr lowest annual precipitation of any biome cold harsh winters + hot dry summers low plant growth (limited by temp + precip) parieries, pampas + steppes2
5340112050subtropical desert + whereTYPICAL DESERT at 30 degrees N + S of equator high temperatures + dry/arid conditions Sahara, Mojave desert plants= cacti, succulents, euphorbs, aloe vera3
5340140728temperate desert is the same as...temperate grassland4
5340147941temperate grassland/temperate desert more info (plants + what commonly happens there)plants- grasses + non woody flowering plants well adapted to wildfires + frequent grazing by bison grasses grow from roots up5
5340157703polar grassland (known as...)TUNDRA cold + treeless w/ low growing vegetation short growing season (4 months) winter= completely frozen soil- permafrost6
5340170869permafrostLayer of permanently frozen subsoil in the tundra prevents water from draining + roots from penetrating the soil7
5340357631temperate grasslanda biome found in North America, Eurasia, South America and Africa. Characterized by nutrient-rich soil that supports many grass species, a region that has cold winters and rainfall that is intermediate between that of a forest and a desert; characterized by extensive grasses and few trees8
5340363260tropical grasslandwarm temps, distinct wet + dry seasons fairly fertile, farmable soil due to high decomposition rates low amnts of precipitation limits plants from using soil nutrients grasses + scattered deciduous trees \ AFRICA, SAVANNA9
5340382955temperate seasonal forestrecieves over 1m (39m) of precip annually Eastern US, Japan, Austrailia broadleaf deciduous trees (maple oak hickory) soil has good amnt of nutrients- warmer summer favors decomp10
5340412581chaparral/shrublandA scrubland biome of dense, spiny evergreen shrubs found at midlatitudes along coasts where cold ocean currents circulate offshore; characterized by mild, rainy winters and long, hot, dry summers. wlidfires=common 12 month growing season (restricted by low precip in summer + ow temps in winter)11
5340429947boreal forestUS! made up of coniferous (cone bearing) evergreen trees w/ cold winters + short growing seasons between 50-60 degrees N plant growth limited by snow nutrient poor soil from slow decomp12
5340434204other names for boreal forestConiferous, Taiga, polar forest13
5340448846largest biomeBoreal Forest/taiga14
5340455689temperate rain forestmoderate temps + high precipitation coastal biome, kind of rare ocean currents provide moderate temps 12 month growing season, rainy winters + foggy summers (lots of water vapor in the air from ocean) very large tree growth15
5340473276tropical rain forestbtwn 20 degrees N + S of the equator high average annual temperatures more biodiversity than anywher else warm + wet with little temperature variation poor nutrients in soil-sucked up quick 2/3 of earths terrestrial biomes16
5340495529the closer u go to the equator what happens to tempit gets warmer + does not fluctuate as much17
5340539182tropical/subtropicalhot + subtle seasons18
5340539183temperatemoderate + clear seasons19
5340542341polarcold + very clear seasons20
5340546027forestwet21
5340546028grasslandmoderate precipitation22
5340548432desertdry23
5340552587lakesbody of standing water too deep to support emergent vegetation24
5340558496emergent vegetationplants rooted in the soil who have portions of leaves, stems, and flowers extending above the water's surface25
5340569819lakes vs. pondsLakes are larger and deeper than ponds26
5340576283streamsSmall, fast flowing bodies of water.27
5340697496riverslarge wider + carry more than rivers28
5340710102estuaryA habitat in which the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean.29
5340712226brackishwater that is mix of fresh and salt water30
5340724325base of food chain in rivers + streamslittle vegetation, rely on organic matter from land as base of food chain31
5340731275littoral zoneshallow area of soil + water near the shore where algae + emergent plants grow a shallow zone in a freshwater habitat where light reaches the bottom and nurtures plants32
5340741382limnetic zoneopen water where rooted plants can no longer survive floating algae/phytoplankton=only photosynthesizers33
5340752406how deep is the limnetic zoneas deep as light can penetrate34
5340758854profundal zonezone where sunlight CANT penetrate so producers cant survive35
5340771415benthic zonemuddy bottom of a lake or pond beneath the limnetic + profundal zone literally the bottom lake or pond bottom, where little to no sunlight can reach36
5340782871the zone you dot have to have is the...profundal zone (may be shallow enough so all sunlight can reach)37
5340785291fresh water wetlandsaquatic biomes submerged in water for at least part of each yr, shallow enough to support emergent vegetation38
5340795502highest NPPswamps39
5340797574swampswetalnds that contain emergent trees40
5340801305marshesWetland without trees; in North America, this type of land is characterized by cattails and rushes41
5340813136bogs( they contain 2 things)contain moss + spruce trees u can walk on them but u will sinkies42
5340825911what percent of the ocean is salt + how many ppt3.5 % 35 ppt43
5340828862salt marshfound along the coast in temperate climates- contain non-woody emergent vegetation (most productive biome in world some)44
5340837269mangrove swampfound along tropical + subtropical coats, w trees whose roots are submerged in water (mangroves=salt tolerant + protect coast from erosion + storm damage)45
5340949013intertidal zoneocean zone from the high tide line to the low tide line, organisms here must withstand changes in air, temperature, and water waves harsh conditions during low tide SHORISH AREA WITH ROCKS/MUSSLES46
5340961179coastal zoneWarm, nutrient-rich, shallow part of the ocean that extends from the high-tide mark on land to the edge of a shelflike extension of continental land masses known as the continental shelf. (btwn shoreline + con. shelf) high sunlight, commercial fishing, rich nutrients47
5340972494coral reefsfound in war, shallow waters beyond the shoreline bad nutrients most diverse biome48
5340981267coral bleachingOccurs when a coral becomes stressed and expels most of its colorful algae, leaving an underlying ghostly white skeleton49
5340984822open ocean - how deep can sunlight penetratedepth that light can penetrate in dependent on amnt of sediment + algae in the water max. 200m50
5340991320photic zonePortion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate.51
5340996867aphotic zonedark layer of the oceans below the photic zone where sunlight does not penetrate52
5341000468chemosynthesisProcess by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates53
5341002818where does chemosynthesis occur + what does it useaphotic zones methane/hydrogen sulfide54
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Language & Composition Terminology Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7317253676ArchetypeUniversal images, figures, character types, settings, and story patterns that are shared by the people across the world and are often easily identified throughout all literature. Example: King Arthur in "The Sword in the Stone"0
7317253677Antagonistthe character that is against the protagonist; usually they are the "bad guy" but they are not all "bad guys". If they are evil they are considered a villain. Example: Mr.Hyde1
7317253678ProtagonistThe most important or main character in the work that usually resembles a heroic character but can have both good and bad qualities. Example: Simba from Lion King2
7317253679DynamicThe character that learns a lesson and gains knowledge throughout the story. Example: Harry Potter3
7317253680StaticThe character that is constant throughout the story and never changes. Example: Scar from the Lion King4
7317253681EpiphanyThe wow, lightbulb, relaization moment Example: A smoker finally realizing that smoking is killing their lungs5
7317253682FoilThe character who contrasts the main character who serves to accentuate the character's distinctive qualities or characteristics Example: Dr. Jekyll to Mr. Hyde6
7317253683FlatThe character that is in the story for the reason of proving ONE point and is less complex than other characters in the story Example: Bruce in Finding Nemo7
7317253684RoundThe character that is full of complexity and depth; usually known and recognized as real people. Example: Shrek8
7317253685ScapegoatA biblical reference used for characterization but in the Bible a goat is sent into the wilderness after the Jewish chief gave all the sins on him. Example: person blamed9
7317253686Motivationwhat makes or persuades a person to do something Example: a super sad character due to a family member passing Example: Cookie makes me run faster10
7317253687Stockthe character that usually appears in specific forms (stereotyped characters)11
7317253688Direct Characterizationwhen the author distinctly describes the qualities and motives of the character12
7317253689Indirect CharacterizationThe author let's the characters converse but leaves it to the reader to find the character's motifs and motives. Example: "Sally walked into the store and gave the box a swift kick."13
7317253690DetailThe fact unveiled that supports and builds on the tone and attitude of the piece. Example: Nemo's little lucky fin14
7317253691DoppelgangerSomeone who looks like the character, but isn't a twin. The word doppelganger is German and literally means double walker — as in a ghost or shadow of yourself. Example: The ghost of Hamlet's father15
7317253692AnecdoteA short story about an entertaining real situation or person. Example: "I was an owl last year- it was a real hoot!"16
7317253693AllegoryA story when the characters and events represent concepts about society, human life, and nature. Example:17
7317253694ParableA short story used to teach a lesson. Example:18
7317253695AdageA saying that represents a common feeling (proverb) Example: biblical proverbs19
7317253696BildungsromanA novel discussing a person's former years or spiritual beliefs. Example: To Kill A Mockingbird"20
7317253697DidacticMeant to teach, especially whenever it's a moral lesson. Example: Aesop's Fable21
7317253698DilemmaWhen a major premise is based off of two hypothetical propositions. Example: Hamlet's Decision22
7317253699EulogyA speech normally given after a person has passed praising them. Example: Obituary23
7317253700ElegyA form of literature which can be defined as a poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone who has passed, normally mourns the death. Example: sermon or written sermon at a funeral24
7317253701FableA short tale used to teach a moral lesson and often includes animals. Example: "A Satisfying Meal"25
7317253702FantasyA form of literature in which a plot can not be formed in the real world and uses topics such as magic, witchcraft, etc. Example: Ella Enchanted26
7317253703Frame Device or NarrativeA story inside of another story. Example:Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde27
7317253704HomilyA sermon (biblical) Example: "I Have a Dream"28
7317253705InvectiveUses negative language and attacks an argument Example: ugly29
7317253706SurrealismIt is aimed at expressing imaginative dreams and visions free from conscious reasonable control. Example:Dorian Gray30
7317253707Dictionthe word choice of the writer Example: The (sad) puppy (constantly) begged for the (delicious) bone.31
7317253708Colloquialinformal language/slang Example: y'all32
7317253709Aphorism/Epigrama pithy observation that contains a general truth Example:"if it ain't broke, don't fix it."33
7317253710Connotationthe meaning a word develops over time Example:awful34
7317253711DenotationThe literary,primary, or original meaning of a word. Example: a word's definition35
7317253712DialectA form/type of language particular to a certain region. Example: Mexican dialect of Spanish36
7317253713DialogueA conversation between two people Example: Romeo and Juliet's conversation37
7317253714EuphemismAn indirect expression to avoid the harsh terms. (Polite way) Example: to die vs. pass away38
7317253715IdiomA group of words that aren't to be taken literally Example: it's raining cats and dogs39
7317253716VocabularyA group of words used in a particular way. Example: terminology40
7317253717JargonSpecial words that only some people or a particular group understand. Example: it's lit41
7317253718DissonanceLack of musical soundness Example: someone singing off key42
7317253719Isocolonsentence having a parallel structure from two or more clauses, about the same size. Example: "The bigger they are, the harder they fall."43
7317253720MalapropismMisusing words ridiculously because of their sounds. Example: Supposively/Supposably44
7317253721TautologySaying the same thing twice in different ways Example: "let's all work together, everyone, as a team."45
7317253722MaximA short statement that represents "a rule" Example: actions speak louder than words46
7317253723PhilippicAn negative attack Example:a rant47
7317253724VernacularThe dialect used in a particular region Example: Texan's English48
7317253725AnachronismSomething that is in the wrong time period/ not where it belongs Example: 80s hair today49
7317253726ImageryThe picture "painted" by the author Example: The dark, gloomy forest housed many evil creatures"50
7317253727MoodThe atmosphere of the piece Example: a horror story's mood is eerie.51
7317253728ToneThe writer's attitude toward the piece Example: the writer could be mad at one of the characters for not standing up..the tone would be irritated52
7317253729PlotThe order in which events occur in a story. Example: a problem occurs in a story in order to trigger the next event.53
7317253730ConflictA confrontation between two opposing characters. Example: Jerry burns Tom's tail.54
7317253731FlashbackA reference to something that has happened in the past. Example: a dream55
7317253732ForeshadowingWhenever an author suggests an outcome. Example: In Romeo and Juliet whenever Benvolio hints that Romeo will die for his love.56
7317253733SpatialOrganization of hints referring to special directions Example: far left57
7317253734ChronologicalOrder of events in which they will occur Example: you have to make the pb&j before you can eat it58
7317253735Transitional DevicesWays/links to connect two different thoughts Example: The dance was great. However, several mistakes were made and more practice needs to be done.59
7317253736SuspenseWhat builds up to grasp and hold the reader's attention. Example: one character has a gun on them and end of having a conflict with another character60
7317253737BathosAn impact of anticlimax made by an accidental lapse in mood. Example: Whenever someone speaks of something vaguely and someone else buds in and is talking about something completely different.61
7317253738SettingTime and place62
7317253739Point of ViewVantage point from which a narrative is told63
7317253740First Person POVCharacter telling story that happened to them "I"64
7317253741Third Person POVThe author tells the story about characters65
7317253742Third Person Limited POVThe author tells the story as though he or she only knows the thoughts and feeling of one character66
7317253743Rhetorical ShiftA shift used to influence or persuade67
7317253744StyleThe way a literary work is written68
7317253745ThemeA statement that the text seems to be making about the subject of the literary work (lesson)69
7317253746ClaimA statement that is arguable but used as a primary point to prove an argument70
7317253747Seductive ReasoningA logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true.71
7317253748Syllogisman instance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions. (Example: All dogs are animals; all animals have four legs; therefore all dogs have four legs)72
7317253749Inductive Reasoninga logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion.73
7317253750Non Sequitura statement that is not connected in a logical or clear way to anything said before it74
7317253751Ad Hominemdirected against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.75
7317253752Begging the Question (circular reasoning)This logically incoherent argument often arises in situations where people have an assumption that is very ingrained, and therefore taken in their minds as a given.76
7317253753direct objectanswers the question "what" or "whom" after the verb (ex. He hit the ball.)77
7317253754indirect objectanswers the question "to whom," "for whom," "to what," or "for what" after an action verb (ex. Michael brought Mary a gift.)78
7317253755predicate nominativenoun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and points back to the subject to identify it further (ex. Many doctors are specialists.)79
7317253756predicate adjectivean adjective that follows a linking verb and points back to the subject and further describes it (ex. The dinner is delicious.)80
7317253757pronoun/antecedent agreementa pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number (singular or plural), gender (masculine/ feminine or neuter), and person (first, second, or third)81
7317253758subject/verb agreementa verb must agree with its subject in person and number82
7317253759subjective/nominative pronounspronouns that serve as a subject83
7317253760objective pronounspronouns that serve as an object (me, you, her, him, it - "Johnny gave me the ball.")84
7317253761absolutecontains a noun or pronoun, a participle (an "ing" or "ed" verb form), and any related modifiers85
7317253762appositiverenames or identifies a noun or a pronoun86
7317253763gerundthe gerund (an "ing" verb form functioning as a noun) plus its complements and modifiers (ex. Walking the dog in not my favorite task.)87
7317253764infinitive88
7317253765participle89
7317253766dependent/subordinate90
7317253767independent/main91
7317253768antithetical92
7317253769Balanced93
7317253770Loose/cumulative94
7317253771Periodic95
7317253772Antithesis96
7317253773Juxtaposition:97
7317253774Omission98
7317253775asyndeton99
7317253776ellipsis100
7317253777Parallelism101
7317253778Chiasmus102
7317253779Polysyndeton103
7317253780pedantic104
7317253781Solecism105
7317253782epanalepsis106
7317253783epistrophe107
7317253784Metonymy108
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5622675614laissez-faire economicsEuropean economic policy of the 16th - 18th centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies0
5622675615indulgencea document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins1
5622675616scientific revolutionEuropean intellectual movement in the 17th century that established the basis for modern science2
5622675617parliamentary monarchya govt with a king/queen whose power is limited by the power of parliament3
5622675618factoran agent with trade privileges in early Russia4
5622675619taj mahalwhite marble mausoleum built in Agra, India, by the mogul emperor shah Japan for his favorite wife5
5622675620mercantilismeconomic concept that holds that the govt shouldn't interfere with or regulate business and industries6
5622675621creolesa term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents7
5622675622northwest passagepassage through the North America continent that was sought early by explorers to North America as a route to trade with the east8
5622675623enlightenmenta philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve human society9
5622675624viceroyaltya political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies10
5622675625encomiendaa practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of native Americans on that land to European colonists11
5622675626devshirmepractice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as janissaries12
5622675627caravelsmall, easily steerable ship used by the Spanish and Portuguese in their explorations13
5622675628protestant reformationreligious movement began by matin Luther in 1517 that attempted to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; resulted from the formation of new Christian denominations14
5622675629capitalisman economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit making15
5622675630northern renaissanceextension of the Italian Renaissance to the nations of Northern Europe; the northern Renaissance took on a more religious nature than the Italian Renaissance16
5622675631philosophiesFrench enlightenment social thinkers17
5622675632mulattoin Spanish and Portuguese colonies a person of mixed African and European descent18
5622675633divine rightthe belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by god19
5622675634treaty of tordesillasthe 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and portugal20
5622675635sovereigntyself rule21
5622675636cossacksRussians who conquered and settled Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries22
5622675637boyarsRussian nobility23
5622675638mughal dynastyrulers who controlled most of India in the 16th and 17th centuries24
5622675639absolute monarchyrule by a king/queen who's power is not limited25
5622675640natural lawsprinciples that govern nature26
5622675641manchuspeople from northeastern Asia who founded China's Qing dynasty27
5622675642members of the society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignacio's of Loyola in 153428
5622675643janissariesmembers of the ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands29
5622675644qing dynastymanchurian rule of China beginning in 1644 and lasting until 191430
5622675645peninsularesIn the Spanish colonies, those who were born in europe31
5622675646mestizosin the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and native descent32
5622675647repartamientoin the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided fair wages33
5622675648ninety-five thesework by Martin Luther where he laid out his arguments against the Roman Catholic church34
5622675649dutch learningwestern learning embraced by some Japanese in the 18th century35
5622675650estates-generalthe traditional legislative body of france36
5622675651catholic reformationreligious reform movement within the Roman Catholic church that occurred in response to the Protestant reformation. it reaffirmed catholic beliefs and promoted education.37
5622675652reconqistathe recapture of Muslim held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 149238
5622675653excommunicationpractice of the Roman Catholic and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply with church teachings or practices39
5622675654middle passagethe portion of the trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of africans from Africa to the americas40
5622675655purdahthe Hindu custom of secluding women41
5622675656tokugawa shogunatethe feudal rulers of japan who moved the capital to edo. ruled from 1603 -186842
5622675657commercial revolutionthe expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the 16th and 17th century43
5622675658colombian exchangeexchange of foods, crops, disease and livestock between eastern and western hemispheres after the voyages of columbus44
5622675659triangular tradethe 18th century trade network between Europe, Africa and the Americas45
5622675660heliocentric revolutionthe concept that the sun is in the center46
5622675661deismthe concept of God common to the scientific revolution; the God was believed to have set the world in motion and then allowed it to operate by natural laws47
5622675662hagia Sophiathe church in Constantinople that was converted to a mosque after the ottoman conquest48
5622675663glorious revolutionthe bloodless overthrow of English king James and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne49
5622675664predestinationthe belief of protestant reformer John Calvin that God had chosen some people for heaven and others for hell50
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Unit Six Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6787619325triple allianceGermany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; created and negotiated by Otto von Bismarck0
6787624062Schlieffen Plancalled for a German attack on France through Belgium1
6787625571Archduke Franz Ferdinandkilled by Gavrilo Princip while visiting Sarajevo in 1914; started WW12
6787631550central powersalliance of Ottomans, Germany, and Austria-Hungary3
6787633097isolationismpolicy of staying neutral to focus on internal affairs4
6787636801Zimmerman Telegramsecret message sent between German diplomats saying Mexico would side with them and gain territory back from US--> intercepted by US and they entered WW15
6787645258Treaty of Versaillesofficial treaty to end WW1, signed in 19196
6787647124League of Nationsjoint council of nations; proposed by President Wilson7
6787649798Vladimir LeninMarxist leader; mobilized support/ soldiers; issued April Theses which demanded peace, land, and power for the Soviets8
6787657312Red Armycreated by Bolsheviks, commanded by Leon Trotsky9
6787661472New Economic Policymade by Lenin and had some capitalist aspects10
6787662543Joseph Stalintoo leadership of communists after Lenin11
6787667305Five Year Plansused by Stalin to industrialize and collectivize agriculture to increase production12
6787673459Fascismdestroy the will of the individual in favor of the people, wanted extreme nationalism and relied on racial identity13
6787678006NazisNational socialist party, rose to power in Germany in the 1920's14
6787679879Adolf Hitlerhead of the Nazi party, inspired nationalism and renewed greatness to a depressed Germany15
6787687877Munich Conference of 1938Hitler, Mussolini, and Neville Chamberlain, gave appeasement--> Hitler got Sudetenland with the promise of ceasing his expansionist activities16
6787695337Nazi-Soviet PactGermany wouldn't invade Soviet union if Soviets stayed out of German military affairs17
6787699796Winston Churchillnew leader of Britain, refused to deal with Germany, lead to Battle of Britain18
6787703143Manhattan ProjectUS development of Atomic bomb19
6787704728D-DayEnglish, American, and Canadian troops land on the beaches of Normandy20
6787708730Marshall PlanUS gave money to Europe to recover from WW221
6787711827Soviet Blocgroup consisting of East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Hungary22
6787717023Western Blocgroup consisting of Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Norway, West Germany, Greece, and Turkey23
6787723238NATOwestern bloc; North Atlantic Treaty Organization24
6787727121Warsaw PactMilitary alliance of soviet bloc25
6787728771iron curtainline between the east and western part of Europe which neither could penetrate26
6787733584Mao Zedongled communists in China, pushed out Kuomindong, and established the People's Republic of China27
6787737571Cultural Revolutionimplemented by Mao Zedong, discouraged a privileged ruling class, wanted to rid China of cultural influences28
6787743737Ho Chi Minhled the communists in Northern Vietnam29
6787748445Bay of Pigs Invasionauthorized by President Kennedy, Cuban exiles invaded the bay in Cuba but were quickly shut down30
6787752282Cuban Missile Crisissoviets were shipping missiles to Cuba, was quickly blocked by the US31
6787758005Muslim Leagueestablished in India to advance causes of Islamic Indians32
6787761324Amritsar Massacrecatapulted united Indian independence movement33
6787765592Muhammad Ali Jinnahwanted to form a Muslim nation separate from India called Pakistan34
6787769184Gamal Nassaroverthrew the king of Egypt and established a Republic35
6787770704NGOsnongovernmental organizations that provide relief and aid to people36
6787772969apartheidseparation of races; greatly used in South Africa37
6787775312ZionistsJewish Nationalists that convinced Arthur Balfour that they should have a Jewish homeland in Palestine38
6787780358Declaration of 1917stated that Jews have a right to a homeland in Palestine39
6787782780pogromsanti Semitic mobs that streamed into Palestine40
6787789558Palestinian Liberation Organizationdedicated to reclaiming Palestinian land but has not been successful41
6787794458Iranian RevolutionShah was ousted; Iran now ran by a theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini42
6787798733OPECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; united Middle East in 1960 to help them gain a larger profit from oil exporting43
6787804447Saddam Husseinled Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, wanted more control of the worlds oil reserves44
6787808946Persian Gulf WarUN and US drove Iraqis out of Kuwait45
6787812287North Atlantic Free Trade AgreementNAFTA; was a regional trading block46
6787815483Group of six or G6forum for major industrial democracies47
Powered by Quizlet.com

Chapter 7 AP World History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5725687936IranSince the Revolution of 1979, Iran has been ruled by a complex governmental structure. At the top is the Supreme Leader, selected by the Assembly of Experts, who is Commander-in-Chief of the military and oversees the civilian government.The Islamic Republic of Iran, formerly known to outsiders as Persia, is one of the centers of ancient human civilization. The name Iran comes from the word Aryanam, meaning "Land of the Aryans." Capital: Tehran0
5725687937Cyrus, DariusCyrus II of Persia, commonly known as Cyrus the Great and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire 600 or 576 - 530 BC.1
5725687938ParthiansThe Parthian Empire was the result of the Roman destruction of the power of the Seleucids in the early 2nd century BC. When Rome defeated the Seleucids and became the masters of the Eastern Mediterranean they emerged a power vacuum in Central Asia without the Seleucids or Romans, leading to the emergence of a local regional power, the Parthians.2
5725687939BactriaBactria was a province of the Persian empire located in modern Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.3
5725687940empireAn empire is a political construct in which one state dominates over another state, or a series of states.4
5725687941Indus RiverThe ruins of two ancient cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (both in modern-day Pakistan), and the remnants of many other settlements, have revealed great clues to this mystery. Harappa was, in fact, such a rich discovery that the Indus Valley Civilization is also called the Harappan civilization.5
5725687942PersepolisPersepolis is the Greek name for the ancient city of Parsa, located seventy miles northeast of Shiraz in present-day Iran. The name Parsa meant 'City of The Persians' and construction began at the site in 518 BCE under the rule of King Darius the Great6
5725687943tributea gift, testimonial, compliment, or the like, given as due or in acknowledgment of gratitude or esteem.7
5725687944standardized coinsCoins were introduced as a method of payment around the 6th or 5th century BCE. The invention of coins is still shrouded in mystery8
5725687945qanatIn the early part of the first millennium B.C., Persians started constructing elaborate tunnel systems called qanats for extracting groundwater in the dry mountain basins of present-day Iran.9
5725687946Alexander of MacedoniaMacedonian king Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) was born to parents King Philip II and Queen Olympia. died at 1810
5725687947free and unfree laborfree classes which contained bulk of persian society received income that temples made from agriculture processes; slaves worked as domestic servants or skilled laborers in households of wealthy and on constrution projects11
5725687948magiMagi is a term used since at least the 6th century BCE, to describe followers of Zoroastrianism.12
5725687949AchaemenidsDynasty ruling in Persia from Cyrus I to Darius III (553-330 BC).13
5725687950SeleucidsPersian empire from 323 B.C.E. until 83 B.C.E created by Seleucus after the death of Alexander the Great.14
5725687951AnatoliaThe peninsula between the Mediterranean and the Black Seas that is now occupied by most of Turkey; also called Asia Minor15
5725687952Afghanistana mountainous landlocked country in central Asia16
5725687953MacedoniaThe ancient kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great in the southeastern Balkans that is now divided among modern Macedonia and Greece and Bulgaria17
5725687954Thracea region and ancient country and wine producing region in the east of the Balkan Peninsula north of the Aegean Sea18
5725687955satrapiesthe 20 states into which Darius divided the Persian Empire19
5725687956Royal RoadA road built by the ancient Persian ruler Darius for the government use which helped unite the empire20
5725687957"eyes and ears of the king"Military officers and tax collectors, spied on the satraps21
5725687958Xerxesson of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.22
5725687959bureaucratsWorkers and administrators who did specific tasks for the government23
5725687960ZoroastrianismDual gods of equal power to form early monotheism; Persian; cosmic struggle over good and bad; those that do good go to heaven and bad go to hell, this influenced Judaism and Christianity24
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Flashcards

600 B.C.E. - 600 C.E.

Terms : Hide Images
7225504354decentralized governmentsystem of government characterized by shared power over multiple regional political hubs0
7225504355monotheismreligious belief system is based on the worship of one deity (God)1
7225504356Judaismmonotheistic religion that originated with Jewish people who worshiped god YHWY. after 1300 B.C.E. Moses led some Jews from captivity in Egypt2
7225504357assyrian empirelocated in North Mesopotamia, ancient empire lasted from the second millennium B.C.E. and from the 9th century B.C.E. through 7th century B.C.E.3
7225504358roman empireempire had expanded from its capital city of Rome. located on the Italian Penninsula and was foudned in 509 B.C.E.4
7225504359Jewish Daisporarefers to the scattering of Jews around the world after being forced to leave their homeland of Israel5
7225504360theocracysystem of government gives political authority to a leader of leaders, believed to be divinely guided- it had highly ranked members6
7225504361vedic religionpolytheistic religion named after sacred texts or the vedas. its roots were in India around 1500 B.C.E. and it was also known as Hinduism7
7225504362caste systemindian social structure groups people in 4 heredity varnas8
7225504363Buddhismfouned in 6th century B.C.E. and is based on Four Noble Truths, and stated that all life is suffering9
7225504364confucianismfounded by a chinese philosopher -The Analects-10
7225504365Daoismemerged during Era of Warring States. means "the way" or "the way of nature" its adherents sought to achiece harmony by practicing Wu Wei11
7225504366Christianitymonotheistic religion based on teachings of the Jewish born Jesus12
7225504367zoroastrianismmonotheistic religion founded by and Iran prophet during 6th century B.C.E.13
7225504368ancestor venerationbelief focuses on worship of family ancestors and is fundamental to confuciam pholisophy and other traditional belief systems14
7225504369indian vedassacred texts are at the heart of Vedic religion and Hinduism15
7225504370ancient greek architectureform of architecture features Doric, Ionic and Cointhiam columns and relief sculptures16
7225504371andcient indian architectureancient Hindu temple built mainly of wood and brick- Buddhist Stuptas survive17
7225504372persian empireempires, centered at the capital city of Persepolis in modern day Iran. It encompases 3 serperate incarnations between 550 B.C.E. to 640 B.C.E.18
7225504373maurya empireempire flourished between 321-185 B.C.E. in ancient india founded by Chandragupta Maurya after Alex the Great's death19
7225504374gupta empireempire flourished between 320-550 B.C.E. united many of Indians regional kingdoms20
7225504375centalized governmentsystem of government characterized by concentration of government power in a capital or administrative hub21
7225504376qin dynastydynasty founded by ______ Shihuangdi and reunited China dn ended the era of Warring States22
7225504377teotihucancentered on the city of the same name, was the most powerful in early Mexico. founded around 400 B.C.E. reached its hieght towaed the end of the 6th century C.E. scholars estimated that at its strongest it supported 200,000 people23
7225504378mayan city-stateslocated on the Yucatan peninsula in what is today Mexico. included sites such as Chichen Itza and Tikal formed around ceremonial centers as early as 200 C.E. and faded by 900 C.E.: featured agricultural based economy and massive pyramids. large urban areas and polytheistic worship24
7225504379bureaucracysystem of centralized gov. administration emreged in China during the qin dynasty and continued under the han dynasty. han dynasty introduced the practice of using exams to determine eligibility and suitability for civil service and gov. posts25
7225504380han dynastychinese dynasty flourished 206 B.C.E. and 200 C.E. emphasized filial pity or respect for one's parents as part of a confucian belief system. most important empereor was Wu Di26
7225504381han dynasty gender roleswomen were legally subordinate to their fathers or husbands. a womans greates goal was to marry well and thus help her family. upper class women were often educated in literature, music and the arts27
7225504382constantinoplecity located in modern day Turkey. it was the capital and center of gov. commerce and culture for the Eastern Roman empire and later the Byzantine empire28
7225504383carthageN. African city founded by phoescian traders. became a significant economic power at the center of a large mediterrranean trading empire. during the three Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.E.) battled against the rising city of Rome29
7225504384slaverypractice allows individuals, often from a dominant group, to won other individuals, oftem members of a subservient group or captured foreigners and force them to work without pay30
7225504385artisansgroup of peopole make a living by producing goods through skilled work. during ancient times, these people often existed on the middle or lower rungs of a civilizations social hierarchy31
7225504386peasantsthis group of people made aliving through farmind, either as agricultureal laborers or small landowners, during ancient times these people typically existed on the lower rungs of a civilization's social hierarchy and accounted for the majority of the population32
7225504387empireform of gov. centralized powerin the hands of one leader, typically called and emperor. these typically spanned large geographical distances and controlled great quantities of wealth and resources33
7225504388spread of Buddhismoccured throughout Asia with the help of the Mauryan empereor Ashoka, who sent numerous missionaries through india and sri lanka. additional missionaries traveling merchants, and educational institusions also aided in the diffusion of this religion34
7225504389eurasian silk roadstrade routes connected the han empire with central india, the middle east and the roman empire. goods traded from east to west included: silk, spices, cotton, pearls, coral, and ivory. while goods traded from west to east included: glasswear, jewelry, bronze, wool, linen, olive oil, gold, and silver bullion35
7225504390trans-sahara trade routetrade route develeped during ancient times as nomadic North African berbers initiated trade with merchants in the roman empire. goods traveled through the desert in caravans by camel. connected sub shara africa with the muslim world and points36
7225504391indian ocean trade routethese trade routes served as water bases counterparts to the silk roads and connected china, southeast asia, india, and the middle east. traders contributed to the spread of Buddhism and Hindu cults along these sea lanes37
7225504392mediterrranean sea trade routeconnected the far flung parts of the roman empire. sometimes call the roman lake. safety of the waters and absence of pirates encouraged the grouwth of ong distance trade between such outposts as syria,spain, and north africa38
7225504393polytheismreligous belief system bases on the worship of serveral deities39
7225504394zhou dynastydyastyofficailly ruled china from 1122 to 256 B.C.E. inttroduced the concept of the mandate of heaven or divinely granted iperial power of ancestors and the rol of the family believing that if individuals fullfilled family duties, society wouuls function effectively40
7225504395mandate of heaventhis chinese belief stated that the gods had granted power to the political ruler and also had the ability to revoke that power. this revocation could be seen through events such as floods, peasants, uprisings, and nomadic invasions41
7225504396edict of milanthis decleration, issureed by the roman emperor constantine in 313 C.E. legalized Christianity though out the roman empire42
7225504397gender roles in early religiondefferent religions offered different roles to men and women43
7225504398fall of western roman empireoccure in 476 B.C.E. and was the result of numerous internal and external factors.44
7225504399ancient greek warsconflicts greatly inluenced ancient greek history. persian wars (500-470BCE) pitted greek city-states against the vastly supirior incading army of the persian empire in two distinct conflicts45
7225504400hellenistic civilizationcivilization located on the greek peninsula based on establishment of independent polis or city states. sparta and athens.46
7225504401ancient greek science and philosophysystems of inquiry empasized logic, empirical observationand study of political power and hierarchy. the first significant greek philosopher was socrates.47
7225504402delian leaguealliance of greek city-states was formed as a result of the persian wars. Between persian empire and greece48
7225504403fall of gupta empirecollapse occured in 550CE as the result of internal factors included: the growth in power of regional administators at the expenses of the central government. External factors: the invasions of the white huns along the empires borders49
7225504404era of warring statesperiod of ancient chinese history spanned 475 B.C.E.- 221 B.C.E. and was characterized by the inability of a single group to take control of china50
7225504405great wallmassice chinese defensice structure built between the 7th century B.C.E. and the 16th century C.E. in north china. the original purpose was to protect china from frequent invasions of th Xiongnu51
7225504406twelve tablesthis system of laws, dating from 450 B.C.E. was the basis for all later law throughout rome and the roman empire52
7225504407republicsystem of gov. commonly associated with rome, is characterized by the election of political representatives by the people53
7225504408pax romansmeans roman peace refers to the 200 years of relative peace in the mediterranean region ushered in the emperor augustus in the early 1st century C.E. and maintained by the political economic and military might of the roman empire54
7225504409fall of the han dynastythis collapse occured as the result of internal strife including political corryption, economic instability, and unsupportable population growth ended in 220 C.E.55
Powered by Quizlet.com

Pages

Subscribe to CourseNotes RSS

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!