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Ch. 5 AP Human Geography (Language) Flashcards

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4307440852LanguageA system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning0
4307440853Literary traditionA language that is written as well as spoken; system of written communication. NOT all languages have this.1
4307440854Norman invasionBegan in 1066 with the invasion of the Kingdom of England by the troops of William, Duke of Normandy, and his victory at the Battle of Hastings. This resulted in french being the official language for 150 years after, despite the fact that most people could not understand it.2
4307440855official languageIn multilingual countries the language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government, should be understood by majority of citizens but might not be.3
4307440856EnglishThe language that is the official language of 42 languages(The most) and is spoken by half a billion people. However almost 1/3 of the people on Earth live in a place where it is an official language.4
4307440857Noah WebsterCreator of the 1st comprehensive American dictionary and grammar book. His quest was to set American English apart from British English and involved taking "u"'s off ans substituting "s" for c. Major reason why American spelling is different from British spelling,5
4307440858German invasionAround A.D. 450 , tribes from _________ (mainly) and Denmark invaded England. They consisted of the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons. Was the beginning of English. Divergence form German because of invasions of the French and Vikings.6
4307440859King JohnDuring the reign of this English Monarch, England lost control of Normandy and entered into a period of conflict with France. Same guy who signed Magna Carta.7
4307440860Statue of PleadingThe 1362 law enacted by Parliament to change the official language of court business in England from French to English.8
4307440861DialectA regional variation of a language which reflects environmental features and that is distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. Usually speakers of one _______ can understand each other.9
4307440862Standard LanguageIn a language that has multiple dialects, one dialect may be accepted as the __________ ___________. For example: Mandarin Chinese is the _________ _________ of Chinese, but there are 100's of regional dialects.10
4307440863British received pronunciationDenoted BRP, This is the standard language of British speech. It is used by politicians, actors, and broadcasters and is associated with upper-class people in London.11
4307440864Norman InvasionThe invasion of England in 1066, by William the Conqueror is called the _________ _______. Came from the Normandy region of France and made French the official language of elite in England, which lead to a further divergence of English from German.12
4307440865language familyA collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.13
4307440866language branchA collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that these derived from the same family.14
4307440867Indo-EuropeanA family of languages consisting of most of the languages of Europe as well as those of Iran, the Indian subcontinent, and other parts of Asia, 50% of people on Earth speak this, most of language families.15
4307440868language groupA collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.16
4307440869Indo-IranianThe branch of the Indo-European language family with the most speakers, Persian, Hindi, Gujarati etc/17
4307440870High GermanThe literary and official language used throughout Germany and Austria is called ________ ________ because it originated in mountainous regions of Germany.18
4307440871Bato-SlavicA branch of the Indo European family of language, include languages like Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Serbian.19
4307440872Romance branchThepart of indo-european family; Is clustered in southwestern Europe and Latin America (french, Spanish, Italian)20
4307440873CatalanThis Romance language is spoken by 10 million people primarily in Northeastern Spain, Andorra, and parts of Southern France and Sardinia.21
4307440874vulgar latinA form of Latin used in daily conversation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents.22
4307440875creolized languageA language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. Example: French Creole in Haiti.23
4307440876Kurgan hearthIndo-European peoples arrived in the 4th millennium BC across the steppes north of the Black Sea. A warlike people, they imposed themselves as an elite on the Old European populations, who adopted their language. The hypothesis that Indo-European speakers reached Europe from the Pontic steppes in the Bronze Age.24
4307440877Sino-TibetanA language composed of the Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages. They are 2nd behind Indo-European in number of native speakers. 20% of people speak these languages .25
4307440878AustronesianA large language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia.26
4307440879Niger-CongoA language family which includes most of the languages of sub-Saharan Africa, including Swahili, Yoruba, and Zulu. Largest language family in Africa.27
4307440880DravidianSpeakers of a language group found in India since earliest times; mostly spoken in South India today.28
4307440881Afro-AsiaticA large family of related languages spoken both in Asia and Africa, about 250 languages includes semitic languages ,Egyptian - [now extinct]; and is most common in north Africa, northeast Africa, and north parts of central Africa.29
4307440882ideogramsThe system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a specific sound, as is the case with letters in English.30
4307440883Uralic languagesIncludes Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian; not Indo-European, first used 7,00 years ago.31
4307440884Altaic languagesA proposed language family that is held by its proponents to include the Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, and possibly the Japonic language families and the Korean language isolate These languages are spoken in a wide arc stretching from northeast Asia through Central Asia to Anatolia and eastern Europe.The group is named after the Altai Mountains, a mountain range in Central Asia.32
4307440885AfrikaansA language developed in Southern Africa; a mix of Dutch, Khoisan, Bantu, and Malay33
4307440886HebrewThe ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of Israel, was extinct.34
4307440887CelticA branch of the Indo-European languages that (judging from inscriptions and place names) was spread widely over Europe in the pre-Christian era, is endangered and only survives in remote areas of scotland, Wales, and Ireland.35
4307440888CornishA revived Celtic language that has been argued over spelling phonetically or how it's always been spelled.36
4307440889Multilingual StatesCountries in which more than one language is in use, Like Switzerland which has 4 different official languages through its decentralized government.37
4307440890isolated languageA language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family.38
4307440891BasqueAn ethnic group living the western Pyrenees and along the Bay of Biscay in Spain and France, also the name of their language. Pre- Indo European survivor language.39
4307440892IcelandicA North Germanic West Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland; closely related to Norweigan, has changed the least of a ll the Germanic languages.40
4307440893lingua francaA language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.41
4307440894pidgin languageA form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.42
4307440895EbonicsA dialect of English that has its roots in West African, Caribbean, and US slave languages, , a nonstandard form of American English spoken by some Black people in the United States43
4307440896FranglaisA term used by the French for English words that have entered the French language, a combination of franfais and anglai." the French words for "French" and "English," respectively.44
4307440897SpanglishA combination between Spanish and English spoken by communities in USA with Mexican descent. An example the word beeper (phone) is translated to biper is spanish. Same word and meaning.45
4307440898DenglishCombination of German and English dialect distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.46
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AP Literature Vocabulary. Flashcards

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2952626198AllegoryA story or poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning.0
2952626199AlliterationThe occurrence of the same letter in the beginning if words.1
2952626200AllusionA passing or casual reference2
2952626201AnaphoraRepetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses.3
2952626202ApostropheA digression in the form of an address to someone not present, or to a personified object or idea.4
2952626203Approximate Rhyme...5
2952626204AsideAway from ones thoughts or consideration6
2952626205AssonanceResemblance of sounds.7
2952626206Blank VerseA poem with no rhyme but does have iambic pentameter (lines of five feet)8
2952626207CacophonyA discordance of sound9
2952626208CaesuraAny break, pause or interruption.10
2952626209CatharsisThe process of relating and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions11
2952626210Static Character.A character that does not change from beginning of the story to the end12
2952626211Flat character.A character who embodies a single quality and who does not develop in the course of a story.13
2952626212Dynamic characterOne whose character changes in the course of the story14
2952626213Round character.Fully developed character, writer reveals good and bad traits ad well as the background.15
2952626214CharacterizationProcess by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.16
2952626215ClimaxTurning point of a narrative work is it's greatest intensity.17
2952626216ComedyProfessional entertainment consisting of jokes and satirical sketches intended to make an audience laugh18
2952626217ConflictA serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one.19
2952626218ConnotationAn idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning20
2952626219ConsonanceAgreement or compatibility between opinions or actions21
2952626220CoupletA pair of lines of metre in poetry22
2952626221DenotationThe literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests23
2952626222DenouementThe final part of a play, movie, or narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved24
2952626223Deus Ex MachinaAn unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, especially as a contrived plot device in a play of novel.25
2952626224Didactic WritingIntended or inclined to teach, preach, or instruct, often excessively.26
2952626225Direct presentation of character.The method of characterization in which the author, by analysis, tells us directly what a character is like or has someone else on the story to do so.27
2952626226Double rhymeA feminine rhyme involving one stressed and one unstressed syllable in each rhyming line.28
2952626227Dramatic exposition...29
2952626228End rhymeWhen a poem has lines ending with words that sound the same.30
2952626229Dramatic expositionA literary device used to introduce important information about a story's setting, the characters and the initial conflict of the plot.31
2952626230End rhymeWhen a poem has lines ending with words that sound the same32
2952626231End-stopped linePoetry ends with a period or definite punctuation mark, such as a colon33
2952626232English (Shakespearean) SonnetA sonnet consisting of three quatrains and a couplet with a rhyme scheme34
2952626233EpiphanyA manifestation of a divine or supernatural being35
2952626234EuphonyThe quality of being pleading to the ear, especially through a harmonious combination of words.36
2952626235Extended figureA figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a while poem37
2952626236Falling actionParts of the story after the climax and before the very end38
2952626237Feminine RhymeA rhyme between stressed syllables followed by one or more unstressed syllables39
2952626238Figurative LanguageSaying something other than what is literally meant for effect40
2952626239Figure of SpeechA word or phrase used in a non literal sense to add rhetorical force to a spoken or written passage41
2952626240FootAn anatomical structure.42
2952626241FormThe body or outward appearance of a person or animal.43
2952626242Free VersePoetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter.44
2952626243HamartiaA fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine.45
2952626244LambA young sheep46
2952626245ImageryVisually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.47
2952626246Indirect Presentation of CharacterA writing technique related to characterization, the reader learns about the character through his words, his thoughts, words and actions.48
2952626247Internal RhymeRhyme that occurs between words within a line verse49
2952626516IronyThe use of words to express something different from and often opposite of their literal meaning.50
2952626517Italian (Petrarchan) SonnetA sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern... followed by a sestet with a rhyme pattern...51
2952626518Masculine RhymeA rhyme made on a single stressed syllable52
2952626519MelodramaA drama, such as a play, film, or television program characterized by exaggerated emotions, stereotypical characters, and interpersonal conflicts.53
2952626520MetaphorOne thing conceived as representing another54
2952626521MeterA particular arrangement of words in poetry55
2952626522MetonymyThe substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant56
2952626523MotivationThe reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way.57
2952626524NarratorA person who narrates something, especially a character who recounts the events of a novel or narrative poem.58
2952626525OctaveA series or eight notes occupying the interval between two notes59
2952626526OnomatopoeiaThe formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named60
2952626527Overstatement (hyperbole)The action of expressing or stating something too strongly61
2952626528OxymoronA figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction62
2952626529ParadoxA statement or proposition that, despite sound reasoning from acceptable premises or self contradictory63
2952626530ParaphraseExpress the meaning of the writer using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity64
2952626531PersonificationAn imaginary person or creature conceived or figured to represent a thing or abstraction.65
2952626532PlotA narrative term defined as the events that make up a story66
2952626533POV (5)A particular attitude or way of considering a matter67
2952626534ProtagonistThe leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text.68
2952626535QuatrainA type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines69
2952626536RhythmA strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or sound70
2952626537RhymeOf a word, syllable, or line have or end with a sound that corresponds to another.71
2952626538Rhyme SchemeThe pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem or song72
2952626539Rising ActionA series of related incidents builds to the point of the greatest interest.73
2952626540SarcasmThe use of irony to mock or convey contempt74
2952626541SatireThe use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity75
2952626542ScansionThe act of determining and graphically representing the metrical character of a line or verse76
2952626543SestetThe second division of an Italian sonnet77
2952626544SettingWhere an event or story takes place.78
2952626545SimileA comparison using like or as79
2952626546SoliloquyAn act of speakings ones thoughts aloud when by oneself80
2952626547SonnetA poetic form originated in Italy.81
2952626548StanzaA group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem82
2952626549Stream of ConsciousnessA person's thought and conscious reactions to events, perceived as a continuous flow.83
2952626550Syllabic VerseA poetic form having a fixed or constrained number of syllables per line, while stress, quantity, or tone play a distinctly secondary role.84
2952626551SymbolSomething used for or regarding as representing something else.85
2952626552SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vise versa.86
2952626553SynesthesiaThe production of a sense impression relating to one sense/part of the body by stimulation of another sense/part of the body.87
2952626554TercetComposed of three lines of poetry, forming a stanza or a complete poem.88
2952626555Terza RimaA rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three-line rhyme scheme.89
2952626556ThemeA subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a persons thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic90
2952626557ToneA musical or vocal sound with reference to its pitch, quality, and strength.91
2952626558TragedyA lamentable, dreadful, or fatal event or affair92
2952626559TruncationTo shorten by cutting off93
2952626560UnderstatementThe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.94
2952626561VerseWriting arranged with a metrical rhythm95
2952626562VillanelleA nineteen-line poetic form consisting of five tercets followed by a quatrain.96
2954593684Direct characterizationWhen the author gives you a vivid description of the character97
2954659042First personMain character tells the story98
2954659043Second personWriter tells the story in the "you" perspective99
2954659044Third personNarrator isn't a character but uses he, she, or it.100
2954659045Third person ominescentNarrator knows everything and still uses he,she or it101
2954659046Third person limitedNarrator knows everything about one character. Only as much as they know.102
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Poetry Terms for AP Literature Flashcards

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7121421839Odea kind of poem, usually praising something. ... An ode is a form of lyric poetry — expressing emotion — and it's usually addressed to someone or something.0
7121421840Ballada poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. a narrative poem that originally was set to music. The typical "ballad meter" was an alternation between lines in iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter. The main feature in all ballads was their narrative structure and repetition of certain lines or even whole stanzas.1
7121422480Dramatic monologuea type of poem in which the speaker is directly addressing and talking to some other person. The speaker in such poems usually speaks alone, in a one way conversation, and so it is called a monologue.2
7121422481Elegya form of literature which can be defined as a poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone deceased. It typically laments or mourns the death of the individual.3
7121422482Lyrica collection of verses and choruses, making up a complete song, or a short and non-narrative poem. A lyric uses a single speaker, who expresses personal emotions or thoughts.4
7121423007End Rhymeoccurs when the last syllables or words in two or more lines rhyme with each other.5
7121423008Quatraina verse with four lines, or even a full poem containing four lines, having an independent and separate theme.6
7121423009Terceta set or group of three lines of verse rhyming together or connected by rhyme with an adjacent tercet; a three-lined stanza or poem that often contains a rhyme. There are many different types of tercets. They can be easily read, and when they rhyme they have a certain type of flow, like rolling waves.7
7121423801EnjambmentThe running over of a sentence or phrase from one poetic line to the next, without terminal punctuation; the opposite of end-stopped. the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.8
7121424308Iambic Pentametera line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable.9
7121424309Sonnetthe sonnet is a fourteen-line poem written in iambic pentameter, which employs one of several rhyme schemes and adheres to a tightly structured thematic organization.10
7121439777Couplettwo lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit. a literary device which can be defined as having two successive rhyming lines in a verse and has the same meter to form a complete thought. It is marked by a usual rhythm, rhyme scheme, and incorporation of specific utterances.11
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AP Literature Flashcards

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7384363549abstracttheoretical; not concrete; nonrepresentational0
7384363550actone of the main divisions of a play or opera1
7384363551allegoryA story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself2
7384366465alliterationRepetition of initial consonant sounds3
7384366466allusionA reference to another work of literature, person, or event4
7384369417analogyA comparison of two different things that are similar in some way5
7384369418anapesta metrical unit with unstressed-unstressed-stressed syllables6
7384369419anaphorathe repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences7
7384371169annotationA brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature8
7384371170antagonistA character or force in conflict with the main character9
7384375552archaic languageOld-fashioned, out-of-date language and expressions10
7384375553ars poeticaa poem written on the subject of poetic art, usually explaining poet's reasons for writing11
7384377519assonancerepetition of vowel sounds12
7384377520atmosphereThe emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene13
7384377521ballada type of poem that is meant to be sung and is both lyric and narrative in nature14
7384379443Beat movementExpressed the social and literary nonconformity of artists, poets, and writers15
7384379444bildungsromancoming of age story16
7384381801blank verseunrhymed iambic pentameter17
7384381802cadencerhythmic rise and fall18
7384381803caesuraa break between words within a metrical foot19
7384383841caricaturea representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect20
7384383842carpe diemseize the day21
7384383843catharsisa release of emotional tension22
7384385857characterA person in a story23
7384385858flat characterA character who embodies a single quality and who does not develop in the course of a story24
7384385859round characterA character who demonstrates some complexity and who develops or changes in the course of a work25
7384388529secondary characterminor characters in a literary work26
7384388530stock characterthe stereotyped character27
7384391474characterizationA method an author uses to let readers know more about the characters and their personal traits28
7384391475chorusa group of people assembled to sing together29
7384393205climaxMost exciting moment of the story; turning point30
7384795484colloquial languageinformal language; language that is "conversational"31
7384802246colonialismexploitation by a stronger country of weaker one32
7384804319comedylight and humorous drama with a happy ending33
7384804320comedy of mannerscomedy which depicts and satirizes the attitudes and manners of a social class34
7384806744coming-of-age storya genre of literature and film that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from youth to adulthood35
7384806745complex sentenceA sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause36
7384809111compound sentencea sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions37
7384809112concretecapable of being perceived by the senses38
7384809113conflictA struggle between opposing forces39
7384811568connotationAll the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests40
7384811569consonanceRepetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity41
7384813689couplettwo consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme42
7384813690cumulative sentencesentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on43
7384816086dactyla metrical unit with stressed-unstressed-unstressed syllables44
7384816087denotationthe dictionary definition of a word45
7384816088denouementan outcome or solution; the unraveling of a plot46
7384818947dialectA regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation47
7384824209dialogueconversation between characters48
7384824210dictionword choice49
7384827583direct characterizationAuthor directly describes character50
7384827584dramatic ironywhen a reader is aware of something that a character isn't51
7384832107dramatic monologuea poem in which a speaker addresses a silent listener52
7384836017ekphrastic poetryInspired by another work of art, usually visual art53
7384839285elegya sorrowful poem or speech54
7384839286end rhymeA word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line55
7384839287end-stopped lineA line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation56
7384842129enjambmentthe continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza57
7384842130epigramwitty comment58
7384842131epigrapha quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of the theme59
7384844401epiphanyrevelation60
7384844402eulogyspeech in praise of someone61
7384846777expositionBackground information presented in a literary work62
7384846778extended metaphorA metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work63
7384846779eye rhymerhyme that appears correct from spelling but does not rhyme because of pronunciation64
7384848940falling actionEvents after the climax, leading to the resolution65
7384848941farcebroad comedy; mockery66
7384848942feminist literatureliterary works that explore a woman's identity and role in society67
7384851483figurative languageLanguage that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling68
7384851484first-person narratora narrator within the story who tells the story from the "I" perspective69
7384854301flashbackthe insertion of an earlier event into the normal chronological order of a narrative70
7384854302foilA character who acts as a contrast to another character71
7384854303footA metrical unit composed of stressed and unstressed syllables72
7384854304foreshadowingA narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader73
7384856376formthe shape or structure of a literary work74
7384856377formal dictionlanguage that is lofty, dignified, and impersonal75
7384856378free versePoetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme76
7384859567genrea major category or type of literature77
7384859568Harlem RenaissanceA period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished78
7384861990hookThe first sentence or question in an essay that is designed to grab the reader's attention79
7384861991hubrisexcessive pride80
7384861992hyperboleexaggeration81
7384864565iamba metrical unit with unstressed-stressed syllables82
7384864566iambic pentametera poetic meter that is made up of 5 stressed syllables each followed by an unstressed syllable83
7384866451iconographythe study of a group of representative pictures or symbols84
7384870269imageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)85
7384870270imperative sentencesentence used to command or enjoin86
7384873397impressionismwriting that reflects a personal image of a character, event, or concept87
7384873398in medias resin the middle of things88
7384875299indirect characterizationAuthor subtly reveals the character through actions and interactions89
7384875300informal dictionlanguage that is not as lofty or impersonal as formal diction; similar to everyday speech90
7384878585internal rhymeA word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line91
7387509211interrupted sentenceone in which the subordinate elements come in the middle, often set off by dashes92
7387509212inversionturning inward93
7387509213situational ironyAn outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected94
7387514036verbal ironyA figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant95
7387516755juxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts96
7387516756Kafkaesqueabsurdity we have to deal with living in a world of faceless bureaucracies97
7387518883limited omniscient point of viewAllows the narrator to tell the thoughts and feelings of only ONE character98
7387521789literary elementsThe essential techniques used in literature (e.g., characterization, setting, plot, theme)99
7387527780lyrica short poem of songlike quality100
7387527781masqueto wear a disguise; to put on a false appearance101
7387527782metaphorA comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared102
7387529766metaphysical conceitOverblown comparison, fairly unrealistic but clear, as in comparing woman to rose103
7387531475metermeasure104
7387531476metonymysubstituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it105
7387534184minimalisman attitude of doing only the least that is required by law in our moral life106
7387534185Modernismpractices typical of contemporary life or thought107
7387536858monologueA long speech made by one performer or by one person in a group108
7387536859moodFeeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader109
7387536860motifA recurring theme, subject or idea110
7387536861naive narratornarrator, such as a child, who does not understand the full implications of the narrative111
7387538944narrativea story112
7387540696narrative framestory within a story113
7387543707narratorPerson telling the story114
7387543708objective narratorthe narrator offers no opinions or interpretations of characters thoughts115
7387550339unreliable narratora narrator whose account of events appears to be faulty, misleadingly biased, or otherwise distorted116
7387550340near rhymerhyming in which the words sound the same but do not rhyme perfectly117
7387552694non sequitursomething that does not logically follow118
7387554940novellaa short novel119
7387554941odeA lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful, and exalted feelings toward the subject120
7387556804omniscient narratoran all-knowing, usually third-person narrator121
7387560055overstatementhyperbole122
7387560056oxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase123
7387560057parablea simple story that illustrates a moral or religious lesson124
7387561839paradoxa contradiction or dilemma125
7387561840parallel structurethe repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures126
7387563714parodya work which imitates another in a ridiculous manner127
7387563715passive voiceThe subject of the sentence receives the action128
7387563716pastoralA work of literature dealing with rural life129
7387565043periodic sentencesentence whose main clause is withheld until the end130
7387565044personaAn individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting131
7388953656personificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes132
7388958359plotSequence of events in a story133
7388958360point of viewthe perspective from which a story is told134
7388960208Postmodernisma paradigm that suggests that social reality is diverse, pluralistic, and constantly in flux135
7388960209propagandaIdeas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause136
7388960210prose poema selection of prose that, because of its language or content, is poetic in nature137
7388961917protagonistmain character138
7388961918puna play on words139
7388961919Realismthe attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth140
7388963648refrainA line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem141
7388963649resolutionEnd of the story where loose ends are tied up142
7388963650reversalThe point at which the action of the plot turns in an unexpected direction for the protagonist143
7388965919rhetorical questionA question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer144
7388965920rhymeRepetition of sounds at the end of words145
7388965921rhythmthe pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry146
7388965922rising actionEvents leading up to the climax147
7388967793Romanticism19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason148
7388967794run-on lineline of poetry that does not end with a punctuation mark149
7388970340sarcasmthe use of irony to mock or convey contempt150
7388970341satireA literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies151
7388970342scenea division of an act into smaller parts152
7388976543simple sentenceone independent clause153
7388976544sestet6 line stanza154
7388978876settingThe context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs155
7388981218social settingthe manners, mores, customs, rituals, and codes of conduct in a work156
7388981219sight rhymewords that look like they should rhyme but don't157
7388981284similecomparison using like or as158
7388983941slanginformal language159
7388983942slant rhymetwo words that have some sound in common but do not rhyme exactly160
7388985334soliloquyA long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage161
7388985335sonnet14 line poem162
7388987151speakerthe person who is presenting an oral message to a listener163
7388987152spondeea metrical unit with stressed-stressed syllables164
7388987153sprung rhythma poetic rhythm that imitates the rhythm of speech165
7388989027stanzaA group of lines in a poem166
7388989028stream of consciousnessa style of writing that portrays the inner (often chaotic) workings of a character's mind167
7388991780structurethe arrangement or framework of a sentence, paragraph, or entire work168
7388991781styleA basic and distinctive mode of expression169
7388994151suspensea state or feeling of excited or anxious uncertainty about what may happen170
7388994152symbolanything that stands for or represents something else171
7388994153synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa172
7388996150syntaxsentence structure173
7388996151poetic syntaxhow a sentence was formed to convey an emotion, image, or aspect of language174
7388998523theatrical propertyprop175
7388998524themeCentral idea of a work of literature176
7388998525thesis statementa statement or sentence that states the purpose of a paper or essay177
7388998526toneAttitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character178
7389000393tragedyA serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character179
7389000394tragic flawthe character flaw or error of a tragic hero that leads to his downfall180
7389000395tragic heroa protagonist with a fatal flaw which eventually leads to his demise181
7389002798Transcendental movementbelief in the inherent goodness of people and nature. Adherents believe that society and its institutions have corrupted the purity of the individual, and they have faith that people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent182
7389002799understatementthe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is183
7389004686vignettea short scene or story184
7389004728verseA single line of poetry185
7389007690villanelleA 19 line form using only two rhymes and repeating two of the lines according to a set pattern186
7389010025wordplayhumorous use of alternate definitions, puns, or homonyms187
7389011952zeugmause of a word to govern two or more words though appropriate to only one188
7389024013superficialitylack of depth of knowledge or thought or feeling189
7389026408quixoticidealistic but impractical190
7389026409smugself-satisfied191
7389028146indignantangered at something unjust or wrong192
7389028147venerablerespectable due to age193
7389028148banalhackneyed, trite, commonplace194
7389028407prosaicrun-of-the-mill195
7389030213glibfluent in an insincere way; offhand196
7389030214mettlesomefull of courage and fortitude197
7389030215pragmaticpractical198
7389031942inequitableunfair; unjust199
7389031943epicureantaking pleasure in food and drink200
7389033889magnanimousgenerous and understanding and tolerant201
7389033890superfluousunnecessary202
7389034691gastronomicalthe art or science of good eating203
8012981753conceita fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor204
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AP LITERATURE TERMS Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7341698077AllusionA reference contained in a work.0
7341698078AntithesisThe presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause or paragraph.1
7341699708ConnotationThe interpretive level or a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning.2
7341699709DenotationThe literal or dictionary meaning of a word.3
7341702140Ethosan appeal based on the character of the speaker.4
7341702141HyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration of overstatement.5
7341705203ImageryThe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level.6
7341705204LogosAn appeal based on logic or reason.7
7341707376Metaphora direct comparison between dissimilar things.8
7341707377PathosAn appeal based on emotion.9
7341708824PersonificationThe assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts.10
7341708825SimileFigure of speech comparing one thing thing to another thing (As brave as a lion). Indirectly.11
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AP Literature Vocabulary List Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5148256010PlaintiveADJ: sad; sorrowful; woebegone0
5148256011PortentousADJ: foreboding; alarming; ominous; portend V: to foreshadow1
5148256012SemblanceN: resemblance; alikeness; pretense; affinity2
5148256013PenuryN: extreme poverty (penurious: very poor)3
5148256014DesolateADJ: abandoned; bare; bleak; derelict4
5148256015AsceticADJ: harsh; severe; abstinent; self-sacrificing (also one who is)5
5148256016SullenADJ: upset; fretful; gloomy6
5148256017PeremptoryADJ: overbearing; authoritative; dictatorial; domineering7
5148256018SoporificADJ: boring; dull; causing sleep8
5148256019LudicrousADJ: absurd; ridiculous; PREPOSTEROUS9
5148256020FaçadeN: false front; guise; pretense; exterior10
5148256021ApprobationN: approval; consent; endorsement11
5148256022InterminableADJ: everlasting; incessant; never-ending12
5148256023CalumnyN: a false and malicious statement designed to injure the reputation of someone or something; slander; a damaging lie13
5148256024AcquiesceV: to yield; to comply; to accede14
5148256025PropitiousADJ: favorable; fortunate; good15
5148256026VenerateV: to revere; to admire; to esteem (veneration: respect)16
5148256027PhlegmaticADJ: indifferent; lifeless; dull; "blah"17
5148256028EnigmaN: a puzzle; a mystery (enigmatic: mysterious; puzzling)18
5148256029DeprecateV: to belittle; to condemn; to put down (verbally) (DISCOMMEND)19
5148256030NoxiousADJ: deadly; injurious; dangerous20
5148256031AssiduousADJ: hard-working; persevering; SEDULOUS (N: assiduity)21
5148256032SolicitousADJ: concerned; attentive; mindful22
5148256033FastidiousADJ: fussy; picky; METICULOUS23
5148256034InsipidADJ: dull; uninteresting; mundane24
5148256035InveterateADJ: customary; deep-rooted; habitual25
5148256036EnervateV: to fatigue; to weaken; to VITIATE26
5148256037TrepidationN: fear; anxiety; uneasiness27
5148256038IntrepidADJ: brave; heroic; audacious28
5148256039EvinceV: to show clearly; to prove29
5148256040IndefatigableADJ: tireless; determined; diligent30
5148256041InsuperableADJ: hopeless; impossible to overcome31
5148256042EngenderV: to cause to happen; to beget; to generate32
5148256043CapriciousADJ: erratic; flighty; given to whims; IRRESOLUTE; IMPETUOUS33
5148256044CountenanceN: outward appearance; PHYSIOGNOMY34
5148256045ConjectureN:a guess V: to guess35
5148256046InexorableADJ: restless; uncompromising; adamant36
5148256047SardonicADJ: bitterly sarcastic; biting37
5148256048ImpetuousADJ: impulsive; rash; hasty; CAPRICIOUS38
5148256049EquivocalADJ: doubtful; uncertain; dubious; evasive39
5148256050TransitoryADJ: temporary; fleeting; EPHEMERAL40
5148256051EphemeralADJ: temporary; fleeting; TRANSITORY41
5148256052ObscureADJ: cryptic; complicated; confusing V: to confuse; to hide42
5148256053SanguineADJ: happy; optimistic; hopeful43
5148256054ProdigalADJ: wasteful; excessive; PROFLIGATE44
5148256055DiscernV: to recognize and understand; to detect; to perceive45
5148256056ProfligateADJ: shamelessly immoral; reckless; wanton; PRODIGAL46
5148256057LanguidADJ: lacking in spirit or interest; indifferent; listless47
5148256058SententiousADJ: given to excessive moralizing; preachy; pithy; short and sweet48
5148256059DispositionN: frame of mind; mood; attitude; personality49
5148256060ApoplexyN: stroke; seazure (medical condition)50
5148256061EffulenceN: outfloq; emission; wordiness; VERBOSITY51
5148256062IndemnityN: payment; compensation52
5148256063PuerileADJ: immature; juvenile; CALLOW53
5148256064QuerulousADJ: grouchy; whily; hard-to-please54
5148256065PicayuneADJ: measily; of little value; worthless55
5148256066CapaciousADJ: spacious; roomy56
5148256067AscertainV: to find out for sure; to verify57
5148256068FerventADJ: intense; enthusiastic; avid; ARDENT58
5148256069IrascibleADJ: irritable; easily angered; BILIOUS; PETULANT; QUERULOUS59
5148256070ImbibeV: to consume; to swallow; to ingest; to absorb60
5148256071DrossN: trash; dregs; refuse61
5148256072Physiognomy:N: outward appearance; COUNTENANCE62
5148256073ConfabullationN: conversation; discussion; PALAVER63
5148256074NoisomeADJ: offensive; disgusting64
5148256075ConciliateV: to calm; to satisfy65
5148256076AutomatonN: a robot; gadget66
5148256077MisconstrueV: to interpret incorrectly; to misjudge67
5148256078PropinquityN: proximity- nearness in place-; kinship- nearness of relation-68
5148256079AsperityN: bitterness; irritability; meanness69
5148256080TyroN: beginner; newcomer70
5148256081PanegyricN: a speech praising someone, often dead; an encomium71
5148256082AssuageV: to cease; to lessen; to conciliate72
5148256083InvidiousADJ: offensive; hateful; full of enmity73
5148256084EffronteryN: shameless boldness; audacity; impudence74
5148256085DisquietingADJ: unsettling; disturbing75
5148256086RaptADJ: wholly absorbed; captivate; immersed76
5148256087SapientADJ: wise; intelligent77
5148256088MienN: manner; personality; disposition78
5148256089CapitulateV: to surrender79
5148256090PrecludeV: to prevent; to hinder; to impede80
5148256091DisputatiousADJ: argumentative; fond of argument81
5148256092SalientADJ: significant; remarkable; obvious82
5148256093FacileADJ: effortless; deft; hasty83
5148256094MaladroitADJ: clumsy; unskillful84
5148256095Fait AccompliN: an accomplished and presumably irreversible deed85
5148256096PedantryN: slavish attention to rules; meticulousnes; extreme exactness86
5148256097IneffableADJ: inexpressible; indescribable; unspeakable87
5148256098SalubriousADJ: healthful; wholesome; hygienic88
5148256099MisanthropyN: hatred of mankind89
5148256100EclecticADJ: assorted; aMULTIFARIOUS; DIVERSIFIED90
5148256101CursoryADJ: superficial; careless; haphazard91
5148256102DissimulateV: to pretend; to deceive; to feign92
5148256103ImmutableADJ: unchanging; eternal93
5148256104AmeliorateV: to make better; to improve94
5148256105PalliateV: to lessen; to sooth; to miligate95
5148256106FetterV: to curb; to hamper; to restrain; to TRAMMEL96
5148256107ArrogateV: to confiscate; to take/claim without right97
5148256108PredilectionN: a passion; a fondness; a PROCLIVITY98
5148256109CholericADJ: hot-tempered; easily angered99
5148256110AmbivalentADJ: indecisive; undecided; IRRESOLUTE100
5148256111ContumeliousADJ: insolent; rude101
5148256112PrurientADJ: lewd; obscene; lustful; LASCIVIOUS102
5148256113MachinationsN: schemes; plots103
5148256114IgnominiousADJ: disgraceful; shameful104
5148256115PedanticADJ: unimaginative; academic; DIDACTIC105
5148256116ImperiousADJ: insistent; domineering; PEREMPTORY106
5148256117RankleV: to irritate; to irk107
5148256118ExculpateV: to pardon; to forgive108
5148256119AbstruseADJ: complex; obscure109
5148256120SobriquetN: nickname110
5148256121LassitudeN: exhaustion; weariness; LANGUOR111
5148256122AbjectADJ: miserable; hopeless; INSUPERABLE112
5148256123DiffidentADJ: shy; timid; reserved; RETICENT113
5148256124SanguinaryADJ: bloody; murderous114
5148256125SedulousADJ: hard-working; ASSIDUOUS115
5148256126DirgeN: a funeral song116
5148256127PetulantADJ: moody; irritable; IRASCIBLE; BILIOUS117
5148256128OstensibleADJ: apparent; supposed118
5148264812equanimity(n) calmness, composure119
5148270005dastardly(adj) cowardly, *pusillanimous*120
5148278038amalgamate(v) to combine121
5148284749palpable(adj) touchable, concrete, real122
5148287181censure(v) to condemn or criticize harshly (n) condemnation, *remonstrate*123
5148301777temporize(v) to procrastinate, to delay124
5148304749hidebound(adj) narrow-minded125
5148309106bibulous(adj) fond of crunk juice, alchoholic126
5148315978obsteperous(adj) rowdy, unruly, boisterous127
5148319015sundry(adj) varied, assorted, diverse128
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AP Literature Vocabulary #4 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7448093317Atrophy (N/V)- a wasting away from lack of nourishment or from disuse0
7448096172Autonomy (N)- the quality or state of being self-governing1
7455919032Audacity (N)- adventurous; contempt for the restraints of law, religion2
7455922973Cumulative (ADJ)-becoming larger by additions; adding to over a period of time3
7455927490Dubious (ADJ)- causing uncertainty or suspicion; in a doubtful or uncertain state of mind, hesitant4
7455932296Duress (N)- compulsion by threat; forcible confinement5
7455937164Exploit (V)- to make use of, develop; to make improper use of for personal profit; (N) an adventure6
7455939521Extol (V)- to praise; glorify7
7455945654Vivacious (ADJ)- lively, sprightly, full of energy8
7455951148Volatile (ADJ)- evaporating rapidly; lighthearted; mercurial; fickle; changeable9
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AP Literature Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8348602016DeliriumThe state of excitement and dizziness0
8348602017GenialityFriendliness and cheeriness1
8348602018HeinousHateful and offensive2
8348602019HereticalSpeaking out against established authority, especially the church3
8348602020ImpunityExemption from punishment4
8348602021InnocuousHarmless and innocent5
8348602022MollifyTo calm or sooth someone6
8348602023MoribundIn a dying state, near death7
8348602024ObsidianDark glossy black8
8348602025ProdigiousExtraordinary in size or amount9
8348602026RuminateTo mediate or think deeply about10
8348602027ScatologicalDirty of distasteful11
8348602028SurreptitiousSneaky and stealthy, as if up to something12
8348602029TremulousShaking, as with fear13
8348602030VernerableRespectable, as someone to look up to14
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