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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

8287659958	theme	the main point of a work of literature, term is used interchangeably with thesis, the theme of William Shakespeare's Othello - jealousy - is a common one	0
8287674173	style	a writer's distinctive manner of arranging words to suit his or her ideas and purpose in writing, the unique imprint of the author's personality upon his or her writing, style is the product of an author's way of arranging ideas with use of diction, sentence structures, rhythm, figures of speech, rhetorical principles, etc.	1
8287708994	diction	The selection and arrangement of the words in a literary work. Either both may vary depending on the desired effect. Four types are: formal, informal, colloquial, and slang	2
8287723154	tone	the author's attitude towards his or her audience, can be formal, or informal	3
8287735627	mood	the prevailing emotions of a work or of the author in his or her creation of work, might not always be expected based on its subject matter	4
8287750500	imagery	the array of images in a literary work, concrete representation of an object or sensory experience, helps evoke feeling in the reader	5
8287761420	discordia concours	Latin phrase meaning "discord in harmony", to describe "a combination of dissimilar images or discovery of occult resemblances in things apparently unlike"	6
8287788021	symbol	something that suggests or stands for something else without loosing its original identity, can carry complex associations or that derive their suggestive meaning from their functions	7
8287808289	motif	a theme, character type, image, metaphor or other verbal element that recurs throughout a single work of literature or time period	8
8287825220	denotation	the definition of a word apart from the impressions or feelings it creates in the reader	9
8287834807	connotation	the impression that a word gives beyond its defined meaning, universally understood or significant to a single group	10
8287848606	double entendre	a corruption of a french phrase meaning "double meaning", a word or phrase that is deliberately ambiguous, especially when one of the meanings is risque or improper	11
8287860895	pun	a play on words that have similar sounds but different meanings	12
8287876650	figurative language	a technique in writing in which the author temporarily interrupts the order, construction, or meaning of the writing for a particular effect such as in hyperbole, irony, or simile	13
8287892056	metaphor	a figure of speech that expresses an idea through the image of another object, suggest the essence of the first object by identifying it with certain qualities of the second object	14
8287918437	simile	a comparison, usually using like or as, of two dissimilar things	15
8287925486	analogy	a comparison of two things made to explain something unfamiliar through its similarities to something familiar or to prove one point based on the acceptance of another	16
8287936259	conceit	a clever and fanciful metaphor, usually expressed though elaborate and extended comparison, that presents a striking parallel between two seemingly dissimilar things	17
8287950499	metonymy	a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another which it is closely associated	18
8287959685	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole, the whole for a part, the specific for the general, or the material for the thing made from it	19
8288049774	personificatin	a figure of speech that gives human qualities to abstract ideas, animals, and inanimate objects	20
8288054871	anthropomorphism	the presentations or gods, animals, or objects in human shape or with human characteristics	21
8288061095	pathetic fallacy	used to identify writing that falsely endows nonhuman things with human intentions and feelings	22
8288069408	allusion	a reference to a familiar literary or historical person or event, used to make an idea more easily understood	23
8288075457	hyperbole	in literary criticism, deliberate exaggeration used to achieve an effect	24
8288079869	understatement	restraint or lack of emphasis in expression, as for rhetorical effect	25
8288088136	litotes	a figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite	26
8288102814	oxymoron	a phrase combining two contradictory terms, may be intentional or unintentional	27
8288117774	paradox	a statement that appears illogical or contradictory at first but may actually point to an underlying truth	28
8288123665	irony	the effect of language in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is stated	29
8288133495	dramatic irony	occurs when the audience of a play or the reader of a work knows something that a character in the work itself does not know, irony is in the contrast between the intended meaning of the statements or actions and the additional information understood by the audience	30
8288152870	onomatopoeia	the use of words whose sounds express or suggest their meaning	31
8288158258	alliteration	a poetic device where the first consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in words or syllables are repeated	32
8288168447	consonance	occurs in poetry when words appearing at the ends of two or more verses have similar final consonant sounds but have final vowel sounds that differ	33
8288178423	dissonance	a combination of harsh or jarring sounds, may be accidental	34
8288185399	assonace	the repetition of similar vowel sounds in poetry	35
8288188758	rhythm	a regular pattern of sound, time intervals, or events occurring in writing, most often in poetry	36
8288198802	foot	the smallest unit of rhythm in a line of poetry, typically one accented syllable combined with one or two unaccented syllables	37
8288207090	meter	the repetition of sound patterns that creates rhythm in poetry, based on the number of syllables and the presence and absence of accents	38
8293817301	caesura	a pause in a line of poetry usually occuring near the middle, typically corresponds to a break in the natural rhythm or sense of the line, can create a special meaning or effect	39
8293835603	enjambment	the running over of the sense and sturcture of a line of verse or a couplet into the following verse or couplet	40
8293848321	epic	a long narrative poem about the adventures of a hero of great historic or legendary importance, the setting is vast and the action is often given cosmic siginifcance though the intervention of supernatural forces such as gods, angels, or demons	41
8293884552	lyric poetry	a poem expressing the subjective feelings and personal emotions of the poet, it is melodic	42
8293897268	ode	name given to an extended lyric poem characterized by exaulted emotion and dignified style, usually concerns a single serious theme and addressed to an object or individual, complex rhythm and stanzaic patterns	43
8293927104	elegy	a lryic poem that laments the death of a person or the eventful death of all people, poet and subject are spoken of as shepherds, melancholy or mournful	44
8293947784	pastoral	a term derived from the latin word "pastor", meaning shepherd, rural theme	45
8293958972	sonnet	a fourteen-line poem, usually composed in iambic pentameter, employing one of several thyme schemes, threes major types are petrarchan, italian, and shakespearean sonnets	46
8293984772	concrete poetry	poetry in which visual elements play a large part in the poetic effect, punctuatuion marks, letters, or words are arranged on a page to form visual design, for example a cross	47
8294005921	blank verse	loosely, any unrhymed poetry, but more generally unrhymed iambic pentameter verse	48
8294020035	free verse	poetry that lacks regualr metrical and rhyme patterns but that tries to capture the cadences of everyday speech, allows poet to exploit a variety of rhythmical effects	49
8294044687	dramatic personae	the characters in a work of literature or drama, the actions of the character are what constitute the plot of a story, novel, or poem	50
8294065619	archetype	an original pattern or model from which all other things of the same kind are made	51
8294080034	stereotype	originally the name for a duplication made during the printing process, led to meaning a person or thing that is the same as all others of its type	52
8294103058	protagonist	the central character of a story who serves as a focus of its themes and incidents and as the principal rationale for its development, hero or heroine	53
8294122327	antagonist	major character in a narrative who works against the protagonist and known as the anit-hero, typically distrust conventional values and are unable to commit themselves to any ideas	54
8294143772	foil	a character in a work of literature whose physical or psychological qualities contrast strongly with another character and therefore highlight their qualities, example, sherlock holmes	55
8294173194	noble savage	the idea that primitive man is noble and good but becomes evil and corrutped as he becomes civilized, renaissane period	56
8294187578	femme fatale	french phrase with translation "woman fatal", sensuous, alluring woman who often leads men into danger or trouble	57
8294205025	electra complex	a daughters amorous obession with her father, comes from plays of euripides and sophocles	58
8294219668	oedipus complex	a sons amorous obession with his mother, from the story of the ancient hero oedipus	59
8294233295	doppelganger	a literary technique by which a character is dupllicated or divided into two distinct, usually opposite personalities, for example dr. jekyll and mr. hyde	60
8334797001	tragic flaw	in a tragedy, the quality within the hero which leads to his or her downfall	61
8334818113	hamartia	in a tragedy, the event or act that leads to the hero's downfall, often incorrectly used as a synonym for tragic flaw	62
8334845196	prologue	an introductory section of a literary work, contains information establishing the situation of the characters or presents information about the setting, time period, or action	63
8334869250	dialogue	simply conversation between people in a literary work, refers specifically to the speech of characters in a drama	64
8363856022	interior monologue	a narrative technique in which characters' thoughts are revealed in a way that appears to be uncontrolled by the author, aims to reveal the inner self of a character, portrays emotional experiences as they occur at both a conscious and unconscious level	65
8363921041	monologue	a composition, written or oral, by a single individual, a speech given by a single individual in a drama or other public entertainment, has no set length	66
8363962019	extended monologue	a monologue of great length and seriousness, occurs in the one-act, one-character play The Stronger by August Strindberg	67
8363994803	soliloquy	a monologue in a drama used to give the audience information and to develop the speaker's character, typically a projection of the speaker's innermost thoughts, delivered while the speaker is alone on stage, intended to present an illusion of unspoken reflection	68
8364044159	aside	a comment made by a stage performer that is intended to be heard by the audience but supposedly not by other characters	69
8364058330	apostrophe	a statement, question, or request addressed to an object, a concept or to a nonexistent or absent person	70
8364085711	epilogue	a concluding statement or section of a literary work, dramas of the 17th and 18th centuries, a closing speech, often in verse, delivered by an actor at the end of a play and spoken directly to the audience	71
8364139024	setting	the time, place, and culture in which the action of a narrative takes place, may include geographic location, characters' physical and mental environments, prevailing cultural attitudes or the historical time in which the action takes place	72
8364174554	the three unitles	strict rules of dramatic structure, formulated during the renaissance and loosely based on principles of drama discussed by Aristotle, compelled a dramatist to 1) construct a single plot with a beginning, middle and end that details the casual relationships of action and character 2) restrict the action to the events of a single day 3) limit the scene to a single place or city, unities were observed by continental writers until romantic age	73
8364271787	chorus	a group of actors who commented on and interpreted the unfolding action on the stage, initially was a major component of the presentation, 16th century typically a single person who provided a prologue and an epilogue and occasionally appeared between acts to introduce or underscore an important event	74
8644569589	narrator	the teller of a story, may be the author, or a character in the story through whom the author speaks	75
8644577565	raisonneur	a character in a drama who functions as a spokesperson for the dramatist's views, typically observes the play without becoming central to its action, 19th century	76
8644587551	point of view	the narrative perspective from which a literary work is presented to the reader, third person omniscient, third person, first person, and second person	77
8644599689	plot	the pattern of events in a narrative or drama, guides the author in composing the work and helps the reader follow the work, has a beginning, middle and end	78
8644610341	subplot	a secondary story in a narrative, may serve as a motivating or complicating force for the main plot of the work or it may provide emphasis for or relief from the main plot, Romeo and Juliet	79
8644639821	episode	an incident that forms the part of a story and is significantly related to it, may be either self-contained narratives or events that depend on a larger context for their sense and importance	80
8644683792	objective correlation	an outward set of objects, a situation, or a chain of events corresponding to an inward experience and evoking this experience in the reader, frequently appears in modern criticism in discussions of authors' intended effects on the emotional responses of readers, Hamlet	81
8644708342	conflict	in a work of fiction is the issue to be resolved in the story, occurs between two characters, the protagonist and the antagonist or between the protagonist and society or the protagonist and himself or herself	82
8644722727	in medias res	Latin term meaning "in the middle of things", refers to the technique of beginning a story at its midpoint and then using various flashback devices to reveal previous actions	83
8644744919	flashback	a device used to present action that occurred before the beginning of the story, often introduced as the dreams or recollections of one or more characters, are often used in films typically set off by a gradual changing of one picture to another	84
8644764902	exposition	writing intended to explain the nature of an idea, thing, or theme, often combined with description, narration, or argument, in dramatic writing it is the introductory material which presents the characters, setting, and tone of the play	85
8644788157	description	intended to allow a reader to picture the scene or setting in which the action of a story takes place, often evokes an intended emotional response, Edgar Allan Poe's "Landor's Cottage"	86
8644805873	dream vision	a story is presented as a literal dream of the narrator, used to teach moral and religious lessons, important works of this type are "The Divine Comedy" by Dante Alighieri	87
8644841711	stream of consciousness	a narrative technique for rendering the inward experience of a character, designed to give the impression of an ever-changing series of thoughts, emotions, images, and memories in the spontaneous and seemingly illogical order that they occur in life, Ulysses	88
8644856444	foreshadowing	used to create expectation or to set up an explanation of later developments	89
8644861039	suspense	a literary device where the author maintains the audiences attention through the buildup of events, the outcome of which will soon be revealed, Hamlet	90
8781010755	comic relief	the use of humor to lighten the mood of a serious or tragic story, especially in plays, the technique is common in Elizabethan works, and can be an integral part of the plot or simply a breif event designed to break the tension of a scene	91
8781029691	rising action	the part of a drama where the plot becomes increasingly complicated, leads up to the climax or turning point of a drama, the final "chase scene" of an action film is generally this which culminates in the film's climax	92
8781051361	climax	the turning point in a narrative, the moment when the conflicts at its most intense, typically the structure of stories, novels, and plays	93
8781082250	epiphany	a sudden revelation of truth inspired by a seemingly trivial incident, widely used by James Joyce	94
8781097707	denoucement	french word meaning "the unknotting", it denotes the resolution of conflict in fiction or drama, follows the climax and provides an outcome to the primary plot situation as well as an explanation of secondary plot complications, often involves a character's recognition of his or her state of mind or moral condition	95
9204531288	resolution	the portion of a story following the climax in which the conflict is resolved	96
9204543647	deus ex machina	a latin term meaning "god out of a machine", a god was often lowered onto the stage by a mechanism of some kind to rescue the hero or untangle the plot, refers to any artificial device used to bring about a convenient and simple solution to the plot	97
9218200935	poetic justice	an outcome in a literary work, not necessarily a poem, in which the good are rewarded and the evil are punished, especially in ways that particularly fit their virtues or crimes	98
9218238600	poetic license	distortions of fact and literary convention made by a writer, not always a poet, for the sake of the effect gained, closely related to the concept of "artistic freedom", exaggeration of the truth	99
9218257798	catharsis	the release or purging of unwanted emotions, specifically fear or pity, brought about by exposure to art	100
9218272895	bildungsroman	greman, from bildung "education" + roman "novel", a novel set in the formative years or the time of spiritual education of the main character	101

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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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5110995546	Commercial Fiction	written and published primarily to make money. Often easy to read and appears on best seller lists, helps people escape their lives	0
5111014677	Literary Fiction	enables reader to understand life's difficulties and to emphasize with others. Provides a complex lasting aesthetic and intellectual pleasure	1
5127940373	Plot	The sequence of incidents or events through which an author constructs a story	2
5127952274	Structure	arrangement of the plot's elements	3
5127962677	Conflict	A clash of actions, ideas, desires, or wills	4
5127984310	Protagonist	The central character in a conflict	5
5128004641	Antagonist	Any force pitted up against the protagonist	6
5128020181	Suspense	Quality in the story that makes the reader ask "What will happen next" Increases interest	7
5128049528	Mystery	An unusual set of circumstances for which the reader craves explanation	8
5128070883	Dilemma	A position in which one must choose between two courses of action which are both undesirable	9
5128090244	Intermediate Ending	An ending in which no definite conclusion is reached	10
5128109706	Artistic Ending	The relevance of all plot points of a story	11
5128134143	Plot Manipulation	The inclusion of an unjustified plot turn that replies upon chance	12
5128165291	Duse ex Machina	The resolution of a story led by chance	13
5128189699	Coincidence	The chance occurrence of two events that have a peculiar correspondence	14
5128198526	Chance	Occurrence of an event that has no apparent cause	15
5128239037	Characterization	Description of a character	16
5128297557	Direct Presentation	Characterization through exposition or analysis	17
5128318784	Indirect Presentation	Characterization through a character's actions	18
5128333222	Dramatization	Human aspects of characters are exaggerated	19
5128358973	Flat Characters	A character having only one or two predominant characteristics	20
5128388384	Round Characters	Complex and many sided characters	21
5128420369	Stock Character	Stereotyped characters who are used so often in fiction that they are recognized at once	22
5128438187	Static Character	A character that remains the same throughout the story	23
5128456027	Dynamic/ Developing Character	A character that goes through a distinct personality change	24
5128493474	Epiphany	A moment of a spiritual insight into life or a character's circumstances. Moment of change in a dynamic character	25
5128554133	Theme	The controlling idea or general idea of a work of fiction	26
5128607724	Omnipresent Point of View	Told in the third person by a narrator whose knowledge is unlimited	27
5128617789	Third person limited point of view	Told in the third person but about one particular character	28
5128637592	First person point of view	one of the characters tells story from first person	29
5128651238	Objective/ Dramatic point of view	Narrator disappears into a roving sound camera , can go anywhere but not seen or heard	30
5128669206	Second person point of view	narrator tells the story to another character using the word 'you.	31
5128688769	Symbol	Something that means more than it suggests	32
5128712369	Allegory	A story that has a second meaning	33
5128733773	Fantasy	A story that requires the suspension of reality	34
5128748355	Irony	A humor technique	35
5128754688	Verbal irony	A figure of speech in which the speaker says one thing but means the opposite	36
5128765277	Dramatic irony	Contrast with what the character says or does and what the reader knows to be true	37
5128781851	Sentimentality	Stories that try to elicit easy or unearned emotional resonances	38

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AP Literature Flashcards

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7950727797	metaphor	a figure of speech comparing to unlike things without using like or as	0
7950737417	simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	1
7950743802	metonym	a word used as another term for something it relates to	2
7950759098	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part	3
7950776626	hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	4
7950785746	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	5
7950793990	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	6
7958299484	Metaphysical conceit	use of a shocking or unconventional comparison	7
7958316693	connotation	the feelings or emotions surrounding a word	8
7958325952	denotation	the dictionary definition of a word	9
7958336908	kenning	compound expression of old english/norse with a metaphorical meaning	10
7958364320	Irony	Situational dramatic verbal cosmic romantic structural	11
7958401849	apostrophe	the act of addressing some abstraction or personification that is not physically present	12
7958410954	allusion	A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art	13
7958417676	paradox	a contradiction or dilemma	14
7958429432	literal imagery	The things and actions that are literally (really) there in the scene being described.	15
7958429433	figurative imagery	when an author describes a place or object to express a metaphor or simile	16
7958451703	symbolism	the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities	17
7958497950	archetype	a symbol that transcends time and culture	18
7958574688	aside	happens when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by the other actors on the stage. Asides are useful for giving the audience special information about the other characters onstage or the action of the plot.	19
7958588250	soliloquy	literary or dramatic speech by one character, not addressed to others	20
7958620937	carpe diem	seize the day; motivate someone to do something	21
7958638046	Narrative	- tells a story in verse 1. Ballad- song like poem that tells a story 2. Epic- hero of poem embodies values of poets culture	22
7958667685	Dramatic	-makes use of conventions of drama 1.Dramatic monologue- soliloquy 2. Dramatic dialogue- two speakers converse with eachother	23
7958719546	Lyric	- melodic poem that expresses the observations/ feelings of a single speaker 1.Elegy- reflective poem that laments loss of something 2. Ode- elevate; subject in world given higher power, Romantic; nature given higher power 3.Sonnet- 14 lines addressing themes(love)	24
7958815345	canto	major division in poem; contains multiple stanzas, designed by roman numerals	25
7958835578	stanza	A group of lines in a poem	26
7958843401	enjambment	when physical end of poem does not match gramatical end of a poem	27
7958897133	end-stopped line	when physical end of a line matches gramatical end of line	28
7958933135	poetic shift	moment in a poem when the tone significantly changes	29
7958946001	concrete poetry	shape of poem enhances meaning of poem	30
7958981105	scansion	find the rhythm in a poem	31
7958995666	unstressed syllable	voice goes down	32
7958998521	stressed syllable	voice goes up	33
7959002534	foot	pattern of unstressed and stressed syllables (u / )= iamb	34
7959026754	meter	number of feet in line of poetry	35
7959036862	iambic pentameter	5 iambs in a line of poetry	36
7959044033	blank verse	unrhymed iambic pentameter	37
7959066600	alliteration	repetition of beginning of word	38
7959072247	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds next to dissimilar consonant sounds ex: Turtles burning	39
7959100371	consonance	repetition of consonant sounds next to dissimilar vowel sounds ex: rattle the kettle	40
7959116948	rhyme	when last vowel and following consonant sounds of a word at end of line match another word at end of line of poetry	41
7959140651	half-rhyme/ slant-rhyme	when a rhymes vowel or consonant sounds are slightly off	42
7959158616	internal rhyme	happens in middle of line of poetry	43
7959178630	rhyme scheme	pattern of lines in poetry designated by letters	44
7959226020	utopic	work of fiction describing utopia	45
7959245988	myth	a traditional story accepted as history	46
7959248810	tragedy	the downfall of a basically good person through some fatal error or misjudgment	47
7959284886	setting	background against which the story takes place	48
7959296048	Sensuous world (setting)	-description of the physical place through any five senses a. relationship between character and theme b. external world=internal character(symbol)	49
7959335927	Time and chronology(setting)	-three elements of time may operate within the narrative a. time period b. time of narrative c. chronological arrangement	50
7959366031	social environment(setting)	manners, customs, culture, and moral values that govern the historic time	51
7959368925	emotional environment(setting)	atmosphere: normally created by the sensuous world of the piece of fiction. the emotional reaction the reader and characters have to the setting	52
7959435602	human condition	the state of being human	53
7959448894	zeitgeist	the general philosophic, religious, cultural, and artistic climate of an era.	54
7959468572	dialectical clash	two speakers clash -theme: when people question -antithesis: thesis goes to far -synthesis: major historical event/shift	55
7959517209	theme	-central idea or dominating thought, which results from other elements contained in fiction 1. Human nature 2. nature of society 3. fate and freedom 4. ethics	56
7959553949	Philosophy	love of knowledge	57
7959557545	metaphysics	study of existance	58
7959570820	epistimology	study of human knowledge	59
7959574803	ethics	how we act in existance	60
7959580032	politics	ethics applied to a group of people	61
7959590746	aesthetics	study of beauty; art	62
7959603693	the Great chain of being	-every existing thing in the universe has its "place" in a divinely planned hierarchial order - "place" depended on proportion of "spirit" and "matter": less "spirit" more "matter"= lower standing	63
7959674245	english sonnet	three quatrains plus one couplet	64
7959680160	italian sonnet	an octive followed by a sestet	65
8494997833	Ubermensch	superman; person able to shape the world by imposing will whether good or bad	66
8495003368	nihilism	destroy all gov. systems	67
8495005269	philosopical nihilism	when you die nothing happens, you're just gone	68
8495010778	Premoral stage	master morality; whoever is strongest decides what is good & bad	69
8495013308	moral stage	controlled by slave morality	70
8495015272	supra-moral stage	rise of the ubermensch	71
8495027279	teleolocial	belief that time, history, and universe are moving towards an ultimate goal	72
8495032549	existentialism	philosophical movement or tendency, emphasizing individual existence, freedom, and choice 1. Moral individualism 2. subjectivity 3. choice and commitment 4. dread and anxiety	73
8495050255	hero cycle	1. departure 2. initiation 3. return - threshold of adventure	74
8495061086	epistolary	novel written through series of letters ex) Frankenstein	75
8495064235	In medias re	starting in middle of story	76
8495064719	frame story	book or movie where inside one story there is another - the internal story applies to external	77
8495080911	flat character	a stereotypical character	78
8495082518	round character	a complex character	79
8495083270	static character	a character who does not change during course of the story	80
8495086033	dynamic character	a character who changes because of the events of the story	81
8495090168	foil	a character who shares many of the qualities of the main character but is different in one aspect that highlights a quality of the main character	82

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AP Language Unit 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

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3663454708	accost	to approach and speak to in a challenging and aggressive way	0
3663456197	allege	to state without proof	1
3663457688	ascribe	to attribute to; to assign	2
3663459122	authenticate	to prove genuine	3
3663460447	broach	to bring up	4
3663460448	capitulate	to surrender, usually after negotiation	5
3663462175	circumvent	to go around; avoid	6
3663463659	condone	to give silent approval to; to overlook or excuse	7
3663464958	conjecture	to guess; speculate	8
3663466353	censure	to blame; criticize	9
3663467725	enervate	to weaken	10
3663468871	equivocate	to avoid commitment, often through evasive language	11
3663470024	exacerbate	to aggravate or make worse	12
3663471281	exculpate	to free from blame	13
3663471282	foster	to nourish; encourage	14
3663472799	galvanize	to stimulate or excite as if by electric shock	15
3663474386	pontificate	to speak with pompous authority	16
3663476152	prevaricate	to lie	17
3663480102	repudiate	to deny; refuse to accept; disown	18
3663482127	ruminate	to contemplate at length	19
3663485041	incongruous	out of keeping or place; inappropriate; unbecoming	20
3663486877	lucid	easily understood; completely intelligible	21
3663489090	tangential	merely touching; slightly connected; peripheral; incidental	22
3663490545	tenuous	thin or slender in form; having little substance or strength	23
3663492949	transient	not lasting or permanent	24
3663495585	ubiquitous	existing or being everywhere	25
3663496674	unassailable	not subject to denial or dispute	26
3663498679	verbatim	corresponding word for word in a text	27
3663498680	virulent	actively poisonous; intensely harmful	28
3663501264	acuity	perceptiveness	29
3663502503	adage	a wise saying/proverb	30
3663504058	behemoth	a huge creature	31
3663504059	bias	a preference or prejudice	32
3663505522	certitude	certainty	33
3663507160	duplicity	speaking or acting in two different ways	34
3663507161	effrontery	shameless or impudent boldness	35
3663508802	fidelity	strict observance of promises; loyalty	36
3663509915	forbearance	a refraining from something	37
3663511419	impunity	exemption from punishment	38
3663512944	litany	a recitation or recital that resembles a prayer or repetitive chant	39
3663514184	microcosm	a little world	40
3663514185	missive	a written message; letter	41
3663515361	mores	ways and attitudes accepted without question and embodying the fundamental moral view of a group	42
3663518040	nicety	a delicate or fine point	43
3663519720	pastiche	a musical, literary, or artistic composition made up of selections from other works	44
3663521116	paucity	smallness of quantity; scarcity	45
3663522397	perponderance	superiority in weight, power, numbers	46
3663523451	renumeration	reward; pay	47
3663530568	trepidation	tremulous fear or agitation	48
3663532676	vanguard	the forefront of any movement	49

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AP Spanish Literature Flashcards

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5834318379	Renacimiento	Época que comienza a mediados del siglo XV, en la cual se avivó el entusiasmo por el estudio de la Antigüedad clásica griega y latina.	0
5834318380	Barroco	Se dice del estilo literario caracterizado por la rica ornamentación del lenguaje, conseguida mediante abundantes efectos retóricos.	1
5834318381	Poesía Lírica	Género literario al cual pertenecen las obras, normalmente en verso, que expresan sentimientos del autor y se proponen suscitar en el oyente o lector sentimientos análogos.	2
5834318382	Soneto	Composición poética que consta de catorce versos endecasílabos distribuidos en dos cuartetos y dos tercetos. En cada uno de los cuartetos riman, por regla general, el primer verso con el cuarto y el segundo con el tercero, y en ambos deben ser unas mismas las consonancias. En los tercetos pueden ir estas ordenadas de distintas maneras.	3
5834318383	Terceto	Serie de tercetos que constituyen un poema, cuyo primer endecasílabo rima con el tercero, mientras el segundo rimará con el primero y el tercero del terceto siguiente, y así sucesivamente. Normalmente, la composición acaba con un serventesio, resultante de añadir un verso que rima con el penúltimo del terceto final.	4
5834318384	Cuarteto	Combinación métrica de cuatro versos endecasílabos o de arte mayor, que conciertan en consonantes o asonantes. Cuando son aconsonantados pueden rimar el primero con el último y el segundo con el tercero.	5
5834318385	"Carpe Diem"	Literalmente significa 'toma el día', que quiere decir 'aprovecha el momento'.	6
5834318386	"Tempus Fugit"	Literalmente significa 'el tiempo huye', que hace referencia explícita al veloz trascurso del tiempo.	7
5834318387	"Memento Mori"	Literalmente significa 'recuerda que morirás', que hace referencia a la fugacidad de la vida y a la mortalidad como ser humano.	8
5834318388	"Donna Angelicata"	Literalmente significa 'mujer angelical', que hace referencia al concepto de amor platónico al contemplar a la amada.	9
5834318389	Conceptismo	Movimiento literario que se basaba en el entendimiento por medio de recursos retóricos como la paradoja, la antítesis, la paronomasia, la metáfora, la elipsis, la dilogía y la polisemia.	10
5834318390	Culteranismo	Movimiento literario que se basaba en la expresión y la búsqueda de la brillantez formal por medio de la metáfora, la latinización del lenguaje, las alusiones mitológicas y el uso de imágenes.	11
5834318391	Tono	Acorde, en armonía, o en consonancia.	12
5834318392	Estrofa	Cada una de las partes, compuestas del mismo número de versos y ordenadas de modo igual, de que constan algunas composiciones poéticas. Pueden no estar ajustadas a exacta simetría.	13
5834318393	Verso	Palabra o conjunto de palabras sujetas a medida y cadencia, o solo a cadencia. Usado también en sentido colectivo, versos.	14
5834318394	Métrica	Arte que trata de la medida o estructura de los versos, de sus clases y de las distintas combinaciones que con ellos pueden formarse.	15
5834318395	Rima Asonante	Identidad de sonido cuando la rima se produce en la última sílaba, pero solo riman las vocales.	16
5834318396	Rima Consonante	Identidad de sonido cuando todas las letras de la última sílaba coinciden.	17
5834318397	Encabalgamiento	Distribuir en versos o hemistiquios contiguos partes de una palabra o frase que de ordinario constituyen una unidad fonética y léxica o sintáctica.	18
5834318398	Epíteto	Adjetivo o participio cuyo fin principal no es determinar o especificar el nombre, sino caracterizarlo.	19
5834318399	Aliteración	Figura retórica que consiste en la repetición notoria del mismo o de los mismos fonemas, sobre todo consonánticos, en una frase que contribuye a la estructura o expresividad del verso.	20
5834318400	Anáfora	Figura retórica que consiste en repetir a propósito palabras o conceptos.	21
5834318401	Paralelismo	Figura retórica que consiste en la semejanza formal en la estructura entre distintas secuencias de un texto.	22
5834318402	Apóstrofe	Figura retórica que consiste en la interrupción repentina de una narración para dirigirse a alguien, presente o ausente.	23
5834318403	Asíndeton	Figura retórica que consiste en omitir las conjunciones para dar viveza o energía al concepto.	24
5834318404	Polisíndeton	Figura retórica que consiste en emplear repetidamente las conjunciones para dar fuerza o energía a la expresión de los conceptos.	25
5834318405	Hipérbaton	Figura de construcción, consistente en invertir el orden que en el discurso tienen habitualmente las palabras.	26
5834318406	Antítesis	Figura retórica que consiste en contraponer una frase o una palabra a otra de significación contraria.	27
5834318407	Metáfora	Figura retórica que consiste en que unas palabras se toman en sentido recto y otras en sentido figurado.	28
5834318408	Personificación	Figura retórica que consiste en atribuir a las cosas inanimadas o abstractas, acciones y cualidades propias de seres animados, o a los seres irracionales las del hombre.	29
5834318409	Sinestesia	Figura retórica que consiste en unir dos imágenes o sensaciones procedentes de diferentes dominios sensoriales.	30
5834318410	Hipérbole	Figura retórica que consiste en aumentar o disminuir excesivamente aquello de que se habla.	31
5834318411	Paradoja	Figura retórica de pensamiento que consiste en emplear expresiones o frases que envuelven contradicción.	32
5834318412	Metonimia	Figura retórica que consiste en designar algo con el nombre de otra cosa tomando el efecto por la causa o viceversa.	33

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AP Literature Vocabulary Set 2 Flashcards

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7144947748	convalescent	(adj.) recovering health and strength gradually after sickness or weakness	0
7144948744	deferential	(adj.) showing or expressing respect and high regard due a superior or an elder	1
7144950137	cumbersome	(adj.) burdensome, troublesome; unwieldy because of heaviness and bulk; slow-moving	2
7144952259	deride	(v.) to laugh at or insult contemptuously; to subject to bitter or contemptuous ridicule or criticism	3
7144954302	mollify	(v.) to soothe in temper or disposition	4
7144955080	tenuous	(adj.) having little substance or strength; flimsy, weak	5
7144955830	scrupulous	(adj.) having moral integrity; acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper	6
7144961755	malapropism	(n.) the humorous (and usually unintentional) misuse or distortion of a word or phrase	7
7144964290	resilient	(adj.) capable of withstanding shock without permanent deformation or rupture; tending to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change	8
7144966543	incisive	(adj.) impressively direct and decisive	9

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Flashcards

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AP Language Flashcards

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3579600288	hortative sentence	sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or call to action	0
4954799370	hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point	1
4954811402	inversion	inverted order of words in a sentence	2
4954816274	irony	figure of speech that occurs when a speaker or character says one thing but means something else, or when what is said is the opposite of what is expected, creating a noticeable incongruity	3
4954829467	juxtaposition	placement of 2 things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences	4
4954833963	mood	feeling or atmosphere created by a text	5
4954837828	propaganda	spread of ideas and information to further a cause. a lot of propaganda carries a negative connotation as it utilizes rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics	6
4954845711	satire	critiquing society, its institutions, or groups of people generally through irony or sarcasm	7
4954857504	antimetabole	repetition of words in a reverse order	8
4954867680	archaic	old fashioned or outdated	9
4954867681	archaic diction	old fashioned or outdated word choice	10
4954867758	connotation	implied meaning of a word	11
4954870576	diction	word choice	12
4954875366	figurative language	nonliteral language, sometimes referred to as tropes or metaphorical language, often evoking strong imagery. Figures of speech can compare things explicitly or implicitly. Other techniques may include personification, paradox, hyperbole, understatement, and irony	13
4954916017	analogy	comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things; often uses something simple or familiar to explain something unfamiliar or complex	14
4954926742	anecdote	brief story used to illustrate a point or claim	15
4954931968	alliteration	repetition of same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence	16
4954937025	allusion	a brief reference to a person, place, or event, or to a work of art	17
4954940911	anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	18
4954950909	scheme	artful syntax; deviation from the normal order of words. common themes include parallelism, juxtaposition, antithesis, antimetabole	19
4954960485	syntax	arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences, includes word order, length and structure of sentences, and such scheme	20
4954968979	tone	speakers attitude toward the subject conveyed by the speakers stylistic and rhetorical choices	21
4954983379	trope	artful diction; from the Greeks word for "turning" a figure of speech such as metaphor, simile, hyperbole	22
4954991936	understatement	a figure of speech in which something is presented as less important, dire, urgent, good, and so on, than it actually is, often for satiric or comical effect	23
4954999970	wit	in rhetoric, the use of laughter, humor, irony, and satire in the confirmation or refutation of an argument	24
4954863041	archaic	old fashioned or outdated	25

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RMHS AP Language Vocabulary Week 13 Flashcards

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3410306091	IRASCIBLE	adj. easily angered; testy, choleric, touchy.	0
3410309255	WRITHE	v. to twist; twist sideways in pain or suffering.	1
3410310931	TACITURN	adj. naturally silent, untalkative; laconic.	2
3410312689	TAWDRY	adj. cheap-looking; showy, gaudy n. tawdry, showy, cheap finery.	3
3410314279	SERVILE	adj. subservient, abject; annoyingly submissive.	4
3410318942	SURREPTITIOUS	adj. secretive, deceptive; clandestine.	5
3410320879	RANCOR	n. deep-seated bitterness; old enmity.	6
3410323378	SULLEN	adj. quietly resentful; lowering; gloomy, dismal.	7
3410325923	REMORSE	adj. self-reproach, regret; a guilty uneasiness.	8
3410329028	MALICE	n. the desire to see another suffer; extreme ill will or spite adj. malicious.	9
3410331326	MALIGN	v. to slander, defame; speak of in an ill-willed manner.	10
3410335027	RUE	v. to regret exceedingly; feel remorse or sorrow.	11
3410339288	Admonish	to warn strongly, reprove; show disapproval.	12
3410345389	Premonition	forewarning or foreboding; presentiment.	13
3410347187	Mediate	to reconcile by acting as an intermediary or Go-between in a dispute.	14

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AP Language and Composition: Chapter 3 Flashcards

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5248989708	crazed rhetoric	raised voices interrupting one another, exaggerated assertions without adequate support, and scanty evidence from sources that lack credibility	0
5249001819	argument	a persuasive discourse, a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion	1
5249009468	Rogerian arguments are based on...	the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating	2
5249016976	What is the goal of Rogerian arguments?	not to destroy you opponents or dismantle their viewpoints but rather to reach a satisfactory compromise	3
5249025172	claim	(also called an assertion or proposition) states the argument's main idea or position	4
5249030285	how does a claim differ from a topic or a subject?	a claim has to be arguable (some must be able to agree while others may disagree)	5
5249042500	3 types of claims:	claims of fact, claims of value, claims of policy	6
5249048029	each type of claim can be used to guide entire arguments, which we would call:	arguments of fact, arguments of value, arguments of policy	7
5249052015	is there usually only one type of argument?	NO it is quite common for an argument to include more than one type of claim	8
5249054446	claims of fact	assert that something is true or not true	9
5249062637	arguments of fact often pivot on what exactly is ____	"factual"	10
5249065046	when are facts arguable?	when they are questioned, when they raise controversy, when they challenge people's beliefs	11
5249075785	Whenever you are evaluating or writing an argument of fact, it's important to approach your subject with...	a healthy skepticism	12
5249094771	we commonly see arguments of fact that...	challenge stereotypes or social beliefs	13
5249098134	what is the most common type of claim?	claims of value	14
5249098135	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable	15
5249102818	claims of value may be...	personal judgments based on taste, or they may be more objective evaluations based on external criteria	16
5249112205	to develop an argument from a claim of value, you must establish...	specific criteria or standards and then show to what extent the subject meets your criteria	17
5249118724	what are examples of arguments developed from claims of value?	entertainment reviews of movies, television shows, concerts, books	18
5249169837	claim of policy	any time you propose a change	19
5249173726	how does an argument of policy generally begin? and how does it continue?	with a definition of the problem (a claim of fact), explains why it is a problem (claim of value), and then explains the change that needs to happen (claim of policy)	20
5249184613	while an argument of policy usually calls for some direct action to take place, it may be a ...	recommendation for a change in attitude or viewpoint	21
5249219688	to develop a claim into a thesis statement, you have to...	be more specific about what you intend to argue	22
5249229965	sometimes in formal essays the claim may be implicit, but in the formal essays that you will write for your classes, the claim is...	traditionally stated explicitly as a one-sentence thesis statement that appears in the introduction of your argument.	23
5249236011	to be effective a thesis statement must....	preview the essay by encapsulating in clear, unambiguous language the main point or points the writer intends to make	24
5249242920	what are the types of thesis statements?	closed, open, and a thesis that includes the counterargument	25
5249245179	closed thesis	a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make.	26
5249248569	why is a closed thesis "closed"?	it limits the number of points the writer will make	27
5249258199	a closed thesis often includes (or implies) the word ____	because	28
5249270565	if you are writing a longer essay with 5, 6, or even more main points, which thesis is probably more effective?	open thesis	29
5249270566	open thesis	one that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay	30
5249284225	a variant of the open and closed thesis is the _______ _____	counterargument thesis	31
5249285836	counterargument thesis	a summary of a counterargument is usually qualified by although or but precedes the writer's opinion	32
5249297737	what are advantages of a counterargument thesis?	immediately addresses the counterargument, makes an argument seem both stronger and more reasonable, create a seamless transition to a more thorough and concession and refutation of the counterargument later in the argument	33
5249327856	the thesis that considers a counterargument can also lead to a position that is....	a modification or qualification rather than an absolute statement of support or rejection	34
5249356216	regardless of the type of evidence a writer chooses to use, it should always be:	relevant, accurate, and sufficient	35
5249358688	relevant evidence	evidence that specifically applies to the argument being made	36
5249365302	what does it mean to present accurate information?	taking care to quote sources correctly without misrepresenting what the sources are saying or taking the information out of context	37
5249371076	what is one way to ensure that you have accurate evidence?	get it form a credible source	38
5249375816	what is important to keep in mind when choosing accurate evidence?	consider potential bias	39
5249382812	logical fallacies	potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument	40
5249392617	where does the logical breakdown occur in most weak arguments?	the use of evidence	41
5249396070	what is a more practical definition of a fallacy?	a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support that claim	42
5249402510	fallacies may be accidental, but they can also be used...	deliberately to manipulate or deceive	43
5249409336	red herring	fallacies that result from using evidence that's irrelevant to the claim fall	44
5249417032	when does a red herring occur?	when a speak skips to a new and irrelevant topic in order to avoid the topic of discussion	45
5249427006	ad hominem (to the man) fallacy	a common type of red herring. Refers to the diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker (arguing against the person rather than the issue) (only a fallacy when the person's character is irrelevant)	46
5249455856	what is the must vulnerable type of evidence and why?	analogy because it is always susceptible to the charge that two things are not comparable, resulting in a faulty analogy	47
5249473198	when using an analogy, it is important to gauge whether the...	dissimilarities outweigh the similarities	48
5249482099	advertisements sometimes draw faulty analogies to appeal to ___	pathos	49
5249505375	straw man fallacy	most common type of using evidence that is either intentionally or unintentionally inaccurate	50
5249510534	when does a straw man fallacy occur?	when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplifies example in order to ridicule and refute an opponent's viewpoint	51
5249522646	either/or fallacy // false dilemma	another fallacy that results for using inaccurate evidence. In this fallacy, the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices	52
5249546922	the most common of fallacies occurs when evidence is not ___	sufficient	53
5249546923	hasty generalization	there is not enough evidence to support a particular conclusion	54
5249564486	circular reasoning	repeating the claim as a way to provide evidence, resulting in no evidence at all	55
5249622649	first-hand evidence	something you know whether it's from personal experience, anecdotes you've heard from others, observations or your general knowledge of events	56
5249640037	what does personal experience add?	a human element and can be an effective way to appeals to pathos	57
5249683776	first-hand evidence often includes ___ about other people that you've either observed or been old about	anecdotes	58
5249718545	second-hand evidence	evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinion, quantitative data, and sometimes literary sources	59
5249729218	what is the central appeal of second-hand evidence?	logos	60
5249732281	any time you cite what someone else know, not what you know, you are using...	second-hand evidence	61
5249735336	historical information	a type of second-hand evidence. Verifiable facts that a writer knows from research. Can provide background and context to current debates; it can also establish the writer's ethos because it shows that he or she has taken the time and effort to research the matter and become informed	62
5249756791	what is a possible pitfall of using historical information?	historical events are complicated	63
5249770958	historical information is also used to develop a point of ___ or ___ to a more contemporary situation	comparison or constrast	64
5249789398	post hos ergo propter hoc fallacy	after which therefore because of which. What that means is that it is incorrect to claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier. In other words, correlation does not imply causation	65
5249799621	expert	somesone who has published research on a topic or whose job or experience gives him or her specialized knowledge.	66
5249816510	appeal to false authority	occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority. (A TV star is not a medical expert, even though pharmaceutical advertisements often use celebrity endorsements)	67
5249824965	quantitative evidence	includes things that can be represented in numbers: statistics, surveys, polls, census information (appeals to logos)	68
5249847959	bandwaggon appeal (or ad populum fallacy)	occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do,"	69
5249862541	you can also use ___ and ___ as evidence to support and argument or as sources in a synthesis essay	poetry and fiction	70
5249868310	Literary sources can help writers establish ____ by...	ethos by presenting themselves as educated and well-read	71
5249916352	literature is very useful for:	acknowledging common ground, commenting on culture, and introducing or illustration key issues (but it should not be your only evidence)	72
5250054604	What are the 5 parts of the classical oration?	1) introduction (exordium) 2) narration (narratio) 3) confirmation (confirmatio) 4) refutation (refutatio) 5) conclusion (peroratio)	73
5250062894	introduction (exordium)	introduces the reader to the subject under discussion. Whether it is a single paragraph or several, it draws the reader into the text by piquing their interest, challenging them, or otherwise getting their attention	74
5250077770	the introduction is where the writer establishes ___	ethos	75
5250077771	narration (narratio)	provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand, establishing why the subject is a problem that needs addressing.	76
5250088302	the level of detail in a narration depends on the...	audience's knowledge on the subject	77
5250092872	the narration appeals to ____ because	pathos bc the writer attempts to evoke an emotional response about the importance of the issue being discussed	78
5250185241	confirmation (confirmatio)	the major part of the text, includes the development or the proof needed to make the writer's case	79
5250195946	the confirmation generally makes the strongest appeal to __	logos	80
5250197563	refutation (refutatio)	addresses the counterargument. it is the bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion. classically placed at end to avoid objections but if well-known counterargument, often placed at beginning	81
5250217668	the refutation appeal is mostly to ___	logos	82
5250219675	conclusion (peroratio)	appeals to pathos and reminds the reader the ethos established earlier. Answers the question so what?	83
5250441310	induction	arranging an argument so that it leads from particulars to universals, using specific cases to draw a conclusion	84
5250470412	inductively developed arguments can never be said to be true or false, right or wrong, but rather ___ or ____	strong or weak	85
5250516998	deduction	reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (major premise) and apply it to a specific case (minor premise)	86
5250521984	syllogism	how deductive reasoning is usually structured. it is a logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion.	87
5250544297	the strength of deductive logic is that if...	the first 2 premises are true, then the conclusion is logically valid	88
5250557228	usually in an essay, an induction is often use to verify a ___ ___ then that premise can become the ___ for deductive reasoning	minor premise // foundation	89
5250582154	toulmin model	an approach to argument and a useful way of both analyzing and structuring an argument	90
5250596391	what are the 6 elements of the toulmin model:	claim, support (evidence), warrant (the assumption), backing, qualifier, and reservation	91
5250598023	how does toulmin define a claim?	a conclusion whose merits we are seeking to establish	92
5250601492	warrant	expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience	93
5250604546	assumption	similar to the minor premise of syllogism, it links the claim to the evidence, in other words, if the speaker and audience do not share the sam assumption regarding the claim, all the evidence in the world won't be enough to sway them	94
5250615688	backing	consists of further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority	95
5250620786	qualifier	(when used, ex: usually, probably, maybe, in most cases) tempers the claim a bit, making it less absolute	96
5250626159	reservation	explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier	97
5250629690	rebuttal	in many cases it follows the argument and it gives voice to objections	98
5250634226	toulmin model diagram	rebutall -> reservation see examples on page 127*	99
5250641378	a toulim analysis will follow this form:	because (evidence as support), therefore (claim), since (assumption), on account of (backing), unless (reservation)	100
5250647343	if there is a qualifier it will precede __ ___	the claim	101
5250703555	the toulmin model shows us that assumption are the...	link between a claim and the evidence to support it	102
5250723275	in order for an argument to be more effective, it is helpful if your audience shares your same ___	assumptions	103
5250737095	we can use the toulmin model to rewrite arguments following the template:	Because ____, (therefore) ____, since ____, on account of ____, unless _____.	104
5250754716	slippery slope fallacy	argument in which a speaker asserts that one event will necessarily lead to another without showing any logical connection between the two events	105
5250779213	checklist for analyzing/interpreting visual texts:	-Where di the visual first appear? Who is the audience? Who is the speaker or artist? Does this person have political or organizational affiliations that are important to understanding the text? -What do you notice first? Where is your eye drawn? What is your overall first impression? -What topic does the visual address or raise? What clim does the visual make about the topic? -Does the text tell or suggest a narrative or story? If so, what is the point? -What aspects of the image evoke emotions? Look especially at color, light and dark, shadow, realistic versus distorted or caricatured figures, and visual allusions.	106
5250943078	why are photographs great mediums for persuasion and argumentation?	they are real. political cartoon never claimed to be real	107

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