AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

ap Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4669595524xenophonoeconomicus0
4669595525platothe republic1
4669595526aristotlepribadong pagmamay ari2
4669595527mercantilistpaglikom sa likas na yaman3
4669595528francois quesnaypaggamit ng wasto sa likas na yaman4
4669595529adam smithmakabagong ekonomiks laissez faire5
4669595530david ricardolaw of diminishing marginal returns law of comparative advantage6
4669595531Thomas Robert malthuspaglaki ng populasyon malthusian theory7
4669595532john maynard keynesfather of modern theory of employment8
4669595533karl marxama ng komunismo das kapital9
4669595534proletariatmga manggagawa10
46695955351pagtukoy sa suliranin11
46695955362hypothesis12
46695955373pagkuha ng datos at impormasyon13
46695955384pagsusuri sa datos at impormasyon14
46695955395pagbibigay konklusyon at rekomendasyon15
4669595540kakapusanscarcity natural matagalan16
4669595541kakulanganshortage panandalian gawa ng tao17
4669595542suliraning pang ekonomiyaano paano gaano karampara kanino pano maipapamahagi ang produkto18
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Chapter 21 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4229802527Russian Revolution (1917)Russian Revolution definition. A revolution in Russia in 1917-1918, also called the October Revolution, that overthrew the czar and brought the Bolsheviks, a Communist party led by Lenin, to power.0
4229802528Bolsheviks/Lenina member of the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which was renamed the Communist Party after seizing power in the October Revolution of 1917.1
4229802529GuomindangThe Communist Party of China still treats Sun Yat-sen as one of the founders of their movement. But Sun Yat-sen was suffering from cancer and died in 1925. After a bit Chiang Kai Shek emerged as leader of the leftwing of the Guomindang Party.2
4229802530Mao ZedongMao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he governed3
4229802531Chinese RevolutionThe Chinese Communist Revolution or The 1949 Revolution was the culmination of the Chinese Communist Party's drive to power since its founding in 1921 and the second part of Chinese Civil War.4
4229802532StalinJoseph Stalin or losif Vissarionovich Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953.5
4229802533Building SocialismA structure with a roof and walls, such as a house, school, store, or factory.6
4229802534ZhenotdelThe Zhenotdel, the women's department of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the All-Russian Communist party devoted to women's affairs in the 1920s7
4229802535CollectivizationCollectivization in the Soviet Union was enforced under Stalin between 1928 and 1940. The goal of this policy was to consolidate individual land and labour into collective farms: mainly kolkhozy and sovkhozy.8
4229802536Cultural RevolutionThe Cultural Revolution was a chaotic mass movement in the People's Republic of China. Mao Zedong launched it in 1966, claiming that elitists were undermining the government and Chinese society.9
4229802537Great Purges/TerrorThe Great Purge was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938.10
4229802538Anna DubovaRussian Peasant Girl and urban women11
4229802539Cuban Missile CrisisCuban missile crisis definition. A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the "hottest" periods of the cold war.12
4229802540Nikita KhrushchevNikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was a Russian politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War.13
4229802541Deng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping; 22 August 1904 - 19 February 1997 was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman. He was the leader of China from 1978 until his retirement in 1992.14
4229802542Perestroika/GlasnostPerestroika and Glasnost. When Mikhail S. Gorbachev stepped onto the world stage in March 1985 as the new leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, it was immediately clear that he was different from his predecessors.15
Powered by Quizlet.com

Poetic Terms AP Literature Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6073246882assonancethe repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonants in two or more stressed syllables Examples: "purple curtain," "young love"0
6073246883metera generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry1
6073246884Feetare the individual building blocks of meter.2
6073246890blank verseverse written in unrhymed, iambic pentameter3
6073246891elegya poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual4
6073246892epica long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a larger-than-life hero who embodies the values of a particular society5
6073246893epitaphan inscription on a gravestone or a commemorative poem written as if it were for that purpose6
6073246894free verseunrhymed poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter. It seeks to capture the rhythms of speech7
6073246895lyric poemverse that expresses the personal observations and feelings of a single speaker8
6073246896Shakespearean/English sonneta sonnet which consists of three quatrains and a couplet. The most common rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.9
6073246897Petrarchan/Italian sonneta sonnet which consists of an octave and a sestet with the rhyme scheme being abbaabba cdecde. There is usually a pronounced tonal shift between the octave and sestet as well.10
6073246898sestinaa poem that consists of six six-line stanzas and a three-line envoy. It makes no use of refrain. The form is usually unrhymed; rather it has a fixed pattern of end-words which demands that these end-words in each stanza be the same, though arranged in a different sequence each time.11
6073246899couplettwo consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme. Heroic couplet is also in iambic pentameter.12
6073246900enjambmentthe continuation of the sense and grammatical construction of a verse or couplet on to the next verse or couplet. In other words, the line is not end-stopped, but wraps around to the next line.13
6073246901stanzaa group of lines in a poem, considered as a unit, like a paragraph in prose Examples of types of stanzas Couplet, two lines that rhyme Tercet- 3 lines quatrain 4 lines, Cinquain- 5 lines, sestet 6 lines Septets- 7 lines, octaves 8 lines14
6073246902ChiasmusThe first and second parts of the poem are structurally balanced however are in reverse15
6073246903Confessional poetryA poem where an author reveals intimate details about their life16
6073246904ElegyA poem that honors the dead.17
6073246905EpicA long poem that tells a story of a hero's journey whom posses morals of society18
6073246906Free verseDoes not use traditional meters and rhyme schemes19
6073246907KenningDescribe an object in confusing detail20
6073246908Lyric PoemAn outlet for the speakers feeling without the speaker telling a story to the readers21
6073246909QuatrainA stanza of four lines22
6073246910RefrainsRepitition to impact the readers23
6073246911Rhythmis a literary device which demonstrates the long and short patterns through stressed and unstressed syllables particularly in verse form.24
6073246912Stress (accents)Are more emphasis one than on another25
6073246913MeterRhythmic pattern26
6073246914ProsodyAll material property in a poem27
6073246915ambiguitydouble meaning to alter readers' interpretation28
6073246916analogyexpressing the similarity between two things that are similar or different29
6073246917anaphorastarting two or more sentences with the same word, phrase, or clause in order to make a point more coherent30
6073246918anastrophereverse of the normal sentence structure to create emphasis31
6073246920anitmetabolerepeating of words in clauses with the grammatical structure reversed32
6073246923anthropomorphismpersonifying animals and non-living objects33
6073246930dictionrefers to the writer's choice of words34
6073246931didactica work that have the primary aim of teaching or instructing moral principles35
6073246932elegya poem usually written to praise and express sorrow for someone who is dead.36
6073246933epigrapha quotation or sentence placed at the beginning of a piece of literary work to suggest the theme of the piece.37
6073246934epistropheRepetition at the end of successive clauses.38
6073246937hyperboledeliberate exaggeration or overstatement39
6073246941litotesan understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions.40
6073246942dead metaphora figure of speech which has lost the original imagery of its meaning due to extensive, repetitive, and popular usage.41
6073246943mixed metaphora metaphor whose terms causes confusion for visual image42
6073246944metonymysubstitution of a name of one object to one closer associated with it .43
6073246946paradoxa statement that appears to be self-contradictory or common sense but has some truth or validity44
6073246950puna play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings.45
6073246951rhetorical questionquestion asked without expectation of an answer in order to make emphasis on a certain point to the audience46
6073246953symbolanything that holds meaning itself but is used to express a different meaning47
6073246954synecdocheis a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that refers to a part of something is substituted to stand in for the whole, or vice versa48
6073246956understatementA figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is.49
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Timeline Flashcards

1900- Present

Terms : Hide Images
41977754031904-1905Russo-Japanese War0
41977754041905Revolution of ________ Einstein Theory of RElativity1
41977754051908-1918Young Turk Era2
41977754061910-1920Mexican Revolution3
41977754071911-1912Chinese Revolution: End of Chinese Dynasties4
41977754081914Opening of the Panama Canal5
41977754091914-1918World War 16
41977754101917Bolshevik REvolution7
41977754111918Treaty of Brest-Litovsk8
41977754121918-1919Influenza Pandemic9
41977754131918-1920Russian Civil War10
41977754141919Treaty of Versailles May Fourth Movement in China11
41977754151921-1928Lenin's New Economic Policy12
41977754161923End of the Ottoman Empire Establishment of the Republic of Turkey13
41977754171928-1932First of Stalin's Five Year Plans14
41977754181929Beginning of the Great Depression15
41977754191931Japanese invasion of Manchuria16
41977754201933Hitler's rise to power in Germany17
41977754211935Government of India Act18
41977754221937Japanese invasion of China19
41977754231939German invasion of Poland20
41977754241945Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki End of World War 221
41977754251947Truman Doctrine Partition of India22
41977754261948Marshall Plan Creation of Israel Establishment of apartheid in South Africa Universal Declaration of Human Rights23
41977754271949Division of Germany Establishment of NATO Establishment of the Peoples Republic of China24
41977754281950-1953Korean War25
41977754291954Division of Vietnam26
41977754301955Establishment of the Warsaw Pact27
41977754311956Suez Crisis Soviet Invasion of Hungary28
41977754321957Independence in Ghana29
41977754331958-1961Great Leap Forward in China30
41977754341959Cuban Revolution31
41977754351960Establishment of OPEC32
41977754361961Construction of the Berlin Wall33
41977754371962Cuban Missile Crisis34
41977754381964Sino-Soviet Rift35
41977754391967Establishment of the European Community36
41977754401968Prague Spring37
41977754411972Beginning of Detente38
41977754421973Arab-Israeli War Beginning of Arab Oil Embargo39
41977754431975Fall of Vietnam40
41977754441979Iranian Revolution41
41977754451980-1988Iran-Iraq War42
41977754461989Fall of the Berlin Wall43
41977754471990Reunification of Germany44
41977754481990-1991Gulf War45
41977754491991Fall of the Soviet Union End of the Cold War46
41977754501993Establishment of NAFTA47
41977754511995Establishment of the World Trade Organization48
41977754521997Transfer of Hong Kong to China49
41977754532001Terrorist attacks on the United States50
41977754542003US Coalition- Iraq War51
41977754552008-2010Global Economic Crisis52
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History 20 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
3826204174FactoriesTrading stations with merchants est. by Portuguese0
3826211053El MinaPortuguese factory on the coast of ghana1
3826213640Nzinga MvembaConverted to Christianity; tried to integrate Portuguese and African ways2
3826220934LuandaCore Portuguese colony of angola3
3826224369Royal African CompanyChartered in Britain; supplied slaves to new world4
3826232273Indies pieceComplex exchange system based on value of adult male slave5
3826235855Triangular TradeCommercial pattern linking Africa's, Americas, and europe6
3826240901Asante empireAkan state centered on Gold Coast7
3826246815Osei tutuRuler who began centralization and expansion of asante8
3826250282AsanteheneTitle of civil and religious ruler of asante9
3826254025BeninAfrican kingdom active in slave trade; famous for bronze casting10
3826260702DahomeyMajor slave trading state through western firearms11
3826329669LuoPeople migrated from Nile to est. Central African dynasties12
3826340722Usuman Dan fodioMuslim Fulani leader launched religious movement among hausi13
3826348616Great trekMovement of Dutch in South Africa escaping British colony14
3826361024MfecaneWars among Africans causing migration and political alteration15
3826372070Swazi and lesothoAfrican states formed by reactions to mfecane16
3826378366Middle passageDeadly slave passage from Africa to americas17
3826382156ObeahAfrican religious practices in British American islands18
3826392803CandombleAfrican religious practice in brazil19
3826398936VodunAfrican religious practice among Haitians20
3826402976PalmersRunaway slave state in brazil21
3826406931SurinamePalmer descendants founded permanent refuge22
3826415824William wilberforceBritish reformer; led abolishionist movement23
3826425196Saltwater slavesSlaves transported from Africa24
3826428811Creole SlavesAmerican born descendants of saltwater slaves25
3826432326FulaniPastoral people in Sudan26
Powered by Quizlet.com

America's History Ch 14 Flashcards

ahs apush

Terms : Hide Images
4657237021December 20, 1860South Carolina is the 1st state to secede from the Union.0
4657237022Jefferson Davisan American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 18651
4657237023Upper SouthRefers to 8 of the Southern states: Virginia, Delaware, Maryand, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and Arkansas. Tended to have fewer slaves and more yeomen farmers with political power. Accounted for two-thirds of the South's white population, more than three-forths of its industrical production, and more than half of its food and fuel.2
4657237024Crittenden Compromise1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans3
4657237025Fort SumterFederal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the Confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War.4
4657237026Robert E. LeeLincoln first choice to head the Union army he refused when his home state voted for secession. Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force. Very successful military strategist.5
4657237027West VirginiaBy the end of 1861, it had liberated the antisecession mountain people of the region who created their own state government loyal to the Union; the state was admitted to the Union in 1863.6
4657237028DelawareSupported Union cause7
4657237029MarylandVital to Union security since it surrounded nations capital to the North. Slavery was entrenched, people not convinced the Union should be held together via force, Lincoln ordered the occupation of Maryland by the military and arrested suspected secessionists including those in the state legislature8
4657237030Missourithe key to communication and trade along the Missouri and upper Mississippi Rivers. German immigrants help keep control of Missouri under Union control throughout the war9
4657237031KentuckyEssential to the movement of troops and supplies along the Ohio River10
4657237032Confederate States of Americaa republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States11
4657237033Manassas Creek/Bull Run1st real battle, Confederate victory, Washingtonian spectators gather to watch battle, Gen. Jackson stands as Stonewall and turns tide of battle in favor of Confederates, realization that war is not going to be quick and easy for either side12
4657237034Thomas "Stonewall" Jacksoncommanded Virginia soldiers under the Confederacy and led his side to victory in the First Battle of Bull Run, was shot in the left arm by his fellow commander and then later died from this wound13
4657237035Battle of AntietamCivil War battle in which the North suceedeed in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties14
4657237036Ulysses S. GrantThe Union military commander who won victories over the South after several other Union commanders had failed. Commanded the Union army in the west and later took over as the commander for the entire Union army15
4657237037total wara war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields. Generals Grant & Sherman employed this in order to win the war16
4657237038Confederate draftBegan in Apr. 1862; 1st in US history; subjected all white males to service for 3 years unless substitute was provided or owned slaves; intense opposition; repealed 1863; reintroduced in 1864 & allowed slaves to join; 1 white man for every 20 slaves was left on plantations17
4657237039Militia Act of 1862as legislation enacted by the United States Congress in 1862 during the American Civil War to draft 300,000 eligible soldiers into the Union Armies. It also allowed African Americans to join the Union Army.18
4657237040Enrollment Act of 1863US declared all men ages 20-45 had to join the army, substitution clause: pay $300 and get a substitute19
4657237041US Sanitary Commissionorganization of civilian volunteers getting female nurses to serve in field hospitals20
4657237042Dorothea DixA reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.21
4657237043Clara BartonLaunched the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field.22
4657237044Homestead Act of 1862this allowed a settler to acquire 160 acres by living on it for five years, improving it and paying about $3023
4657237045Confiscation Actsseries of laws passed by federal government designed to liberate slaves in seceded states; authorized Union seizure of rebel property, and stated that all slaves who fought with Confederate military services were freed of further obligations to their masters; virtually emancipation act of all slaves in Confederacy24
4657237046Emancipation ProclamationThe proclamation transformed the conflict over preserving the Union into a war of liberation providing a moral cause to the war. Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, it declared that all slaves in the rebellious Confederate states would be free.25
4657237047VicksburgGrant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union.26
4657237048GettysburgLast chance for confederacy. The union won and Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address which said that all men were created equal (turning point in war)27
4657237049William Tecumseh ShermanUnion General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah, example of total war28
4657237050election of 1864In this election, five political parties supported candidates for the presidency. They included the War Democrats, Peace Democrats, Copperheads, Radical Republicans, and the National Union Party. Each political party offered a different point of view on how the war should be run and what should be done to the Confederate states after the war. The National Union Party joined with Lincoln won the election on the recent northern victories against the South.29
4657237051Sherman's March to the Seathe campaign began with General Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta, Georgia, on November 15, 1864, and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 22.30
4657237052Appomattox Court Housefamous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant31
Powered by Quizlet.com

America's History Chapter 13 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5407367608Manifest DestinyA term coined by John L. O'Sullivan in 1845 to express the idea that Euro-Americans were fated by God to settle the North American continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.0
5407367612Wilmot ProvisoThe 1846 proposal by Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania to ban slavery in territory acquired from the Mexican War.1
5407367613free-soil movementA political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery. In 1848 the free-soilers organized the Free-Soil Party, which depicted slavery as a threat to republicanism and to the Jeffersonian ideal of a free holder society, arguments that won broad support among aspiring white farmers.2
5407367614squatter sovereigntyA plan promoted by Democratic candidate Senator Lewis Cass under which Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave.3
5407367616"slavery follows the flag"The assertion by John C. Calhoun that planters could by right take their slave property into newly opened territories.4
5407367617Compromise of 1850Laws passed in 1850 that were meant to resolve the dispute over the status of slavery in the territories. Key elements included the admission of California as a free state and the Fugitive Slave Act.5
5407367618personal-liberty lawsLaws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents, including alleged fugitives, the right to a jury trial.6
5407367619Gadsden PurchaseA small slice of land (now part of Arizona and New Mexico) purchased by President Franklin Pierce in 1853 for the purpose of building a transcontinental rail line from New Orleans to Los Angeles.7
5407367621Kansas-Nebraska ActA controversial 1854 law that divided Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska, repealed the Missouri Compromise, and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.8
5407367622American, or Know-Nothing, PartyA political party formed in 1851 that drew on the anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic movements of the 1840s. In 1854, the party gained control of the state governments of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania.9
5407367623"Bleeding Kansas"Term for the bloody struggle between proslavery and antislavery factions in Kansas following its organization as a territory in the fall of 1854.10
5407367624Dred Scott v. SandfordThe 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. The Court ruled against slave Dred Scott, who claimed that travels with his master into free states and territories made him and his family free. The decision also denied the federal government the right to exclude slavery from the territories and declared that African Americans were not citizens.11
5407385419Lincoln and Douglas debatesDebates between new politician Abraham Lincoln and established politician Stephen Douglas. Stephen Douglas was for slavery, Lincoln was against it. This is where Lincoln first makes a name for himself.12
Powered by Quizlet.com

cH.5 CELLULAR MOLECULES AND MACROMOLECULES Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6766129917Cellular MacromoleculesAll living things are made up of 3 classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids0
6766141590Lipids vs otherAll but lipids are polymers1
6766148640Polymera long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks2
6766153129Monomerthe repeating units that serve as building blocks3
6766160887Polymers- Carbohydrates (Polysaccharide)Monomers- Monosaccharides4
6766167616Polymers-Nucleic AcidsMonomers- Nucleotide5
6766171471Polymers-ProteinsMonomers-Amino Acids6
6766209507DehydrationA chemical reaction in which 2 molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule7
67661805511. Synthesisbuilding polymers -dehydration -covalent bonds between monomers -endergonic -enzyme catalyst8
6766230005Between MonomersCovalent bonds9
6766232574Endergonicrequires energy10
6766238202Enzyme Catalysta macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that speeds the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction -most are proteins11
6766270738B. Breakdown-hydrolysis -energy released ATP-ADP -digestion12
6766285001Hydrolysisa chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers13
6766301532Digestionthe breaking down of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb14
6766310220Macromoleculesproteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates15
6766322167Carbohydratessugars and starches16
6766324805Functions of Carbsstructure, energy, storage17
6766353035Monosaccharideshave a molecular formula that are multiple of the unit CH2O -glucose is most common18
6766368202Glycosidic Linkagesjoins 2 monosaccarides making a disaccharide (sucrose most common-table sugar) -it is a covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction19
6766384134In CarbsShape matters20
6776342605Sucrose- Carbsmade of glucose and fructose21
6776346000Carbs- Alpha glucoseused to form polymer starch22
6776347353Carbs- Beta glucoseused to form polymer cellulose23
6776351271Chemical equilibriumbetween linear and ring structures favors rings24
6776356309Polysaccharidesthe polymers of sugars, have storage and structural roles -their structure and function are determined25
6776361663DisaccharidesLactose Intolerance26
6776363997Lipidsare the one class of large macromolecules that does not include the polymers -they mix poorly if at all with water -are hydrophobic b/c they consist mostly of hydrocarbons27
6776375474Hydrocarbonsform covalent bonds28
6776378351Most important lipidsfats, phospholipids, and steroids29
6776387390Lipids-Usescell membranes, insulation (trap heat), cushioning organs, sufactants on lungs, hormones, energy storage: >2x carbs30
6776397808Fats and Oilsgylcerol + 3 fatty acids (ester linkage triacylglycerol) -nonpolar covalent bonds (c-h) -single or double31
6776408481Fatty acidsvary in length(number of carbons) and in the # and locations of double bonds32
6776415632Saturated Fatty Acidshave the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds - in animals for insulation -ex. butter, lard33
6776421945Unsaturated Fatty Acidshave one or more double bonds ex. olive, fish, vegetable oil, plants and fish use it34
6776427710Monosaturated1 double bond35
6776429585Polysaturated>1 bond36
6776431392Trans Fatunsaturated w/ trans-isomer fatty acids -no bends -hard to bond with -hydrogenation (more saturated) ex. margarine37
6776444607Trans Fat Risk- Triglyceridestype of fat found in blood hardening of arteries38
6776449606Trans Fat Risk- Lp(a) liproteinLp(a) is a type of LDL cholesterol, causes more inflammation39
6776454788Phospholipidsglycerol + 2 fatty acids -3rd hydroxyl group -hydrophilic polar head -2 hydrophobic -bilayers -self assemble in presence of H2O40
6776464168Steroids4 fused C rings + functional groups ex. cholesterol (synthesized in liver), estradiol, testosterone, pheromones41
6776473843Proteins-polypeptides - a biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides42
6776478915Protein Usesstructure, storage, movement, immunity, enzymes, critical in every biological process43
6776488343Enzymes-most proteins are - control metabolism in a cell selectively facilitating chemical reactions -selective acceleration of chemical reactions ex. digestion44
6776498993Proteins-Monomers- amino acids - same base -side chain ("r" group) varies - physical and chemical properties determine characteristics= role polypeptide45
6776517460Amino Acids-9 non-polar AAs -6 polar AAs (moderately hydrophilic side chains) -Charged AAs (every hydrophilic side chains)46
6776533055Protein Formation-peptide bonds - this is a dehydration reaction between amine and carboxyl - joined one at a time to form proteins, using covalent linkages called peptide bonds47
6776543613Protein Conformation (Structure)- 1-linear sequence of AAs -varies in: #, order, identity -b/c of chemistry of amino acid polymerization - always begin with amine and end with carboxyl -length, order, and identity of amino acid distinguishes 2 different proteins48
67765610452nd Structure-H bonding between peptide bonds -common shapes: alpha helixes, beta-pleated sheet -these structures arise b/c different peptide bonds can hydrogen bond to each other id oriented a certain way49
67765767033rd structure-3D structure determines protein function -interactions between R groups -controlled by 1st structure50
67765878274th Structure-only some proteins -2+polypeptides permanently bond together to form a functional unit51
6776599357Denaturationthe loss of protein's native structure - denatured protein is biologically inactive and uncoiled -does not disrupt primary structure' ex. egg=permanent ex. warmed milk- can be cooled=temporary52
6776607000Unraveling of Proteinscan be caused by pH, salt concentration, temp, or other environmental factors53
6776620743Nucleic acidsthe amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance called a gene (consist of DNA, a nucleic acid made of monomers called nucleotides)54
6776641101The Roles of Nucleic Acids-DNA provides directions for its own replication -DNA directs synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), controls protein synthesis -gene expression, important because the flow of genetic info can be summarized as DNA-RNA-Protein55
67766593332 Types of Nucleic AcidsDNA- deoxyribonucleic acid RNA- ribonucleic acid56
6776664936Nucleotides- N containing base -Phosphate - 5 Carb -nulceoside (nitrogenous base and sugars)57
6776672376BasesCytosine, thymine, uracil, adenine, guanine58
6776682815Pyrimidines-6 member ring -cytosine, thymine, uracil59
6776692897Purinesfused 5 and 6 member rings -adenine and guanine60
6776698982DNA/RNA Synthesisa DNA strand (or DNA molecule) is synthesized by bonding the phosphate of one nucleotide61
6776708281Bonding the phosphate of one nucleotide for DNA/RNA synthesisthis covalent bonding results in a phosphodiester linkage and creates a repeating backbone of sugar-phosphate units, with the bases extended sideways62
6776724468DNA strands held together by H bonds- 2 purines will not form a base-pair -2 pyrimidines will not form a base pair63
6776728769RNAbase-uracil sugar-ribose -single stranded -molecule usually shorter64
6776733860DNAbase-thymine sugar-deoxyribose double strands65
Powered by Quizlet.com

Calculus Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5811122275f is continuous at x=c if...0
5811122276Intermediate Value TheoremIf f is continuous on [a,b] and k is a number between f(a) and f(b), then there exists at least one number c such that f(c)=k1
5811122277Global Definition of a Derivative2
5811122278Alternative Definition of a Derivativef '(x) is the limit of the following difference quotient as x approaches c3
5811122279nx^(n-1)4
581112228015
5811122281cf'(x)6
5811122282f'(x)+g'(x)7
5811122283f'(x)-g'(x)8
5811122284cos(x)9
5811122285-sin(x)10
5811122286sec²(x)11
5811122287-csc²(x)12
5811122288sec(x)tan(x)13
5811122289f'(g(x))g'(x)14
5811122290Extreme Value TheoremIf f is continuous on [a,b] then f has an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum on [a,b]. The global extrema occur at critical points in the interval or at endpoints of the interval.15
5811122291Mean Value TheoremThe instantaneous rate of change will equal the mean rate of change somewhere in the interval. Or, the tangent line will be parallel to the secant line.16
5811122292Horizontal Asymptote17
5811122293Reciprocal functionD: (-∞,+∞) x can't be zero R: (-∞,+∞) y can't be zero18
5811122294Square root functionD: (0,+∞) R: (0,+∞)19
5811122295Exponential functionD: (-∞,+∞) R: (0,+∞)20
5811122296Natural log functionD: (0,+∞) R: (-∞,+∞)21
5811122297Sine functionD: (-∞,+∞) R: [-1,1]22
5811122298Cosine functionD: (-∞,+∞) R: [-1,1]23
5811122299Absolute value functionD: (-∞,+∞) R: [0,+∞)24
5811122301√3/2cos(π/6)25
5811122302√2/2cos(π/4)26
58111223031/2cos(π/3)27
5811122308-1cos(π)28
5811122309−√3/2cos(7π/6)29
5811122310−√2/2cos(5π/4)30
5811122311−1/2cos(4π/3)31
58111223120cos(3π/2)32
5811122333What does the graph y = sin(x) look like?33
5811122334What does the graph y = cos(x) look like?34
5811122335What does the graph y = tan(x) look like?35
5811122337d/dx[tanx]=sec²x36
5811122338d/dx[secx]=secxtanx37
5811122339d/dx[cscx]=-cscxcotx38
5811122340d/dx[cotx]=-csc²x39
5811122341Trig Identity: 1=cos²x+sin²x40
5811122351d/dx[uv]=vu'+uv'41
5811122352d/dx[u/v]=(vu'-uv')/v^242
5811122353d/dt[s(t)]=v(t)43
5811122354d/dt[v(t)]=a(t)44
5811122355Average Velocity(Change in Position)/(Change in Time)45
5811122356Average Acceleration(Change in Velocity)/(Change in Time)46
5811122357When is a object stopped?v(t) = 047
5811122358When is an object moving left?v(t) < 048
5811122359When is an object moving right?v(t) > 049
5811122360When is an object speeding up?a(t) and v(t) have same sign50
5811122361When is an object slowing down?a(t) and v(t) have different signs51
5811122362When does an object change direction?v(t) changes sign52
5811122363vu'+uv'Product Rule53
5811122364lo dhi minus hi dlo over loloQuotient Rule54
5811122365s(b) - s(a)Displacement55
5811122366[s(b)-s(a)] / (b - a)Average Velocity56
Powered by Quizlet.com

ap Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6307815829three characteristics common to all muscle tissue.irritability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity0
6307832672The structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber issacromeres1
6307862608Neuromuscular junctionsynapse between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle2
6307875867motor neuronnerve cells forming part of a pathway passing impulses from brain to muscle3
6307893193axon terminalcontain neuron transmitters4
6307899320Neurotransmitterchemical that is released when a nerve impulse happens5
6307912528snaptic cleftmicroscopic gap between neurons6
6307922331motor unit,made up of motor neuron and muscle fibers7
6307950644depolarizationdifference inchange inside and outside the plasma membrane8
6307994612repolarizationchange in membrane that returns it to negative value9
Powered by Quizlet.com

Pages

Subscribe to CourseNotes RSS

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!