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Chapter 14 Vocab World Civilizations The Global Experience (AP & 6th Edition) Flashcards

5522255856	Kuriltai	Meeting of the Mongol Chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected.	0
5522255857	Khagan	Title of the supreme ruler of all the Mongol tribes.	1
5522255858	Tumens	Basic fighting units of the Mongol forces; consisted of 10,000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided into units of 1000, 100, & 10.	2
5522255859	Karakorum	Capital of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan, 1162 to 1227.	3
5522255860	Batu	Ruler of golden Horde; one of the Genghis Khan's grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in at 12:36.	4
5522255861	Ogedei	(1186 - 1241) Third son of Genghis Khan; succeeded Genghis Khan as Khagan of the Mongols following his father's death.	5
5522255862	Golden Horde	One of the four subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Genghis Khan's death, originally ruled by his grandson Batu; territory covered much of what is today South Central Russia.	6
5522255863	Khanates	Four Regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Genghis Khan.	7
5522255864	Battle of Kulikova	Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; help break Mongo hold over Russia.	8
5522255865	Prester, John	In Legends popular from 1100s to 1600s, a mythical Christian Monarch whose kingdom was cut off from Europe by Muslim conquests; Genghis Khan was originally believed to be this mythical ruler.	9
5522255866	Bailbars	(1223 - 1277) Commander of the forces at Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians.	10
5522255867	Berke	(1257 - 1266) A ruler of the Golden Horde; his threats to Hulagu combined with the growing power of the Mamluks in Egypt forestalled further Mongol conquest in the Middle East.	11
5522255868	Kubilai Khan	(1215 - 1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan; commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest of China; became khagan in 1260; established synchronized Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1271.	12
5522255869	Dadu	Present-day Beijing; so cold when Kubilai Khan ruled China	13
5522255870	Chabi	Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; end dictating of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese; died approximately 1281.	14
5522255871	Romance of West Chamber	Chinese novel written during the Yaun Period; indicative of the continuing literal vitality of Chinese during Mongol rule.	15
5522255872	White Lotus Society	Secret religious Society dedicated to the overthrowing of the Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule.	16
5522255873	Yuanzhang, Zhu	the given name of Hongwu emperor, the founder of the Ming dynasty.	17
5522255874	Ming dynasty	Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to Southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.	18
5522255875	Timur-i Lang	also known as Tamerlane; leader of Turkic nomads; beginning in 1360 from base at Samarkand, launch series of attacks in Persia, the Fertile Crescent, India, and Southern Russia; Empire disintegrated after his death in 1405.	19

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Lymphatic System Medical Terminolgy and Common Abreviations for Medical Assissting Flashcards

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3067040876	Lymphaden/o	Lymph Node (gland)	0
3067046590	Lymph/o	Lymph	1
3067049636	Immun/o	Protection	2
3067050853	H, Hr	Hour	3
3067052174	Splen/o	Spleen	4
3067054549	Thym/o	Thymus Gland	5
3067054550	Tox/o	Poison	6
3067056959	Q6H	Every 6 hours	7
3067059824	ER	Extended Release	8
3067065033	IVPB	Intravenous Piggyback	9
3067069604	IM	Intramuscular	10
3067072696	g	Gram	11
3067075655	Mg	Milligram	12
3067075656	L	Liter	13
3067078708	IV	Intravenous	14
3067078709	Gr	Grain	15
3067080720	Q8H	Every 8 hours	16
3067084322	mL	Milliliter	17
3067093624	Q12H	Every 12 hours	18
3067096269	Tab	Tablet	19
3067097204	Q4H	Every 4 hours	20
3067097205	PRN	Whenever Needed or necessary	21
3067132405	PO	By mouth	22
3067685977	B.I.D	Twice a day	23
3067690315	T, Tbs	Tablespoon	24
3067690316	Q.I.D	4 Times a day	25
3067692778	Stat	Immediately	26
3067694427	Ana-	Again, Anew	27
3067694428	GTT	Drop	28
3067696295	Mcg	Microgram	29
3067697877	HS	At bedtime	30
3067697878	SL	Sublingual	31
3067700510	T.I.D	3 times a day	32
3067702916	Supp	Suppository	33
3067704884	DR	Delayed Release	34
3067706250	AC	Before meals	35
3067706251	NGT	Nasogastric Tube	36
3067708741	NPO	Nothing by mouth	37
3067710273	D.A.W	Dispense As Written	38
3067713342	S	Without	39
3067716856	T, tsp	Teaspoon	40
3067716857	Sig	Directions to patient	41
3067720524	Susp	Suspension	42
3067720525	NKA	No known allergies	43
3067722155	Cap	Capsule	44
3067727814	Kg	Kilogram	45
3067729993	XL, XR	Extended Release	46
3067729995	ID	Intradermal	47
3067732631	Ad Lib	As desired	48
3067733950	C	With	49
3067733951	IVP	Intravenous Push	50
3067736135	Inter-	Between	51
3067736137	GT	Gastrostomy Tube	52
3067738944	PC	After meals	53
3067738945	PEG	Percutaneous Endoscopic Grastrostomy	54
3067746510	PR	Per Rectum	55
3067748179	SR	Sustained Release	56

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Urinary System Flashcards

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4086182260	Define excretion	Removal of waste products from the body	0
4086186096	What are the 4 components of the urinary system?	1. kidneys 2. ureters 3. bladder 4. urethra	1
4086190363	What hormones does the kidney produce?	1. calcitriol 2. erythropoietin 3. renin	2
4086196817	What are the effects of calcitriol?	1. promotes Ca2+ absorption in the small intestine 2. promotes Ca2+ reabsorption in the kidney	3
4086217202	What are the effects of erythropoietin?	promotes red blood cell synthesis	4
4086221305	What are the effects of renin?	1. aldosterone secretion 2. vasodilation by angiotenisin-2 3. Na+ retention by the kidney 4. increased blood pressure	5
4086194778	What hormones does the kidney respond to?	1. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) 2. aldosterone	6
4086228807	What are the effects of ADH?	water retention by the kidneys	7
4086233350	What are the effects of aldosterone?	Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion by the kidneys	8
4086239214	How does the kidney maintain blood composition?	1. by reabsorbing important ions such as Na+, Cl-, HCO3- 2. by excreting H+ ions and waste products	9
4086248438	How does the kidney maintain blood volume?	by retaining or excreting water	10
4086251139	How does blood volume relate to blood pressure?	blood is a liquid tissue confined by blood vessels; thus an increase in blood volume leads to an increase in blood pressure	11
4086284949	How does the kidney help to regulate blood pH?	by excreting H+ ions	12
4086287698	How does the kidney synthesize glucose?	via gluconeogenesis ("making new glucose"); making glucose from amino acids	13
4086254628	What ion influences the movement of water?	Na+ aka sodium	14
4086259614	An increase of sodium ions in the blood leads to?	water being drawn into the blood and a raise in blood pressure	15
4086265203	What are 3 metabolic waste products that the kidney eliminates?	1. urea 2. creatinine 3. uric acid	16
4086313288	What are the names of the blood vessels that service the kidneys?	renal arteries and renal veins	17
4086321378	What are the names of the tubes that drain urine from the kidney?	ureters	18
4086325797	The outer part of the kidney is called?	the renal cortex	19
4086327415	The inner part of the kidney is called?	the renal medulla	20
4086331593	What is the functional unit of the kidney?	the nephron	21
4086333265	How many nephrons per kidney?	one million	22
4086338138	Four microscopic blood vessels are associated with each nephron. Name them	1. afferent arteriole 2. glomerulus 3. efferent arteriole 4. peritubular capillary	23
4086352701	What is the difference between the afferent and efferent arterioles?	1. the afferent arteriole delivers blood to the glomerulus and is the larger of the 2 2. the efferent blood takes blood away from the glomerulus and delivers it to the peritubular capillary	24
4087219880	What is the glomerulus?	an unusually shaped cluster of fenestrated capillaries	25
4087325657	What are fenestrated capillaries?	leaky capillaries with pores	26
4087367013	Why are the glomerular capillaries leaky?	to allow substances to be filtered out of the bloodstream	27
4087226862	Where does the peritubular capillary run?	around the kidney tubule	28
4087230604	What are the 5 parts of the nephron (in order from first to last?)	1. glomerular capsule; 2. proximal convoluted tubule; 3. loop of Henle; 4. distal convoluted tubule; 5. collecting duct	29
4087331172	What blood vessels are associated with the glomerular capsule?	afferent arteriole (B) efferent arteriole (A) glomerulus	30
4087371580	What is a cortical nephron?	a nephron with its loop of Henle within the renal cortex	31
4087376089	What is a juxtamedullary nephron?	a nephron with its loop of Henle extending deep into the renal medulla	32
4087384646	The glomerular capsule contains 2 types of cells. What are they?	1. simple squamous epithelium 2. podocytes	33
4087400677	Podocytes rest on top of the glomerulus; why do these cells have so many extensions?	together with the glomerulus, they make up the filtration membrane	34
4087412386	What type of cells are found in the proximal convoluted tubule? (PCT)	simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli	35
4087417550	What is the function of the microvilli on cells of the PCT?	it increases the surface area of the apical portion of the cell	36
4087429693	What type of cells are found in the distal convoluted tubule? (DCT)	simple cuboidal	37
4087449631	The DCT has 2 types of cuboidal cells; what are they?	1. intercalated cells: control pH by excreting H+ 2. principal cells: contains receptors for ADH and aldosterone	38
4087433233	What type of cells are found in the loop of Henle?	1. descending limb: simple squamous 2. ascending limb: simple cuboidal	39
4087442209	Why are nephrons only 1 cell thick?	so that materials can move across the thin walls easily	40
4087495096	What does "juxtaglomerular" mean?	"next to" the glomerulus	41
4087498249	What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?	specialized cells (macula dense) of the DCT that are connected to the afferent arteriole; they monitor blood flow and pressure- if pressure or volume too low, they secrete renin	42
4087516473	What is renin?	a hormone that triggers the formation of angiotensin-2 and aldosterone	43
4087521799	What does angiotensin-2 do?	1. it tells the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone 2. it tells smooth muscle around arterioles to constrict both result in an increase in blood volume and pressure	44
4087581208	What are the processes involved in urine formation?	1. glomerular filtration 2. tubular reabsorption 3. tubular secretion	45
4087607583	What is filtration?	the movement of a liquid under pressure through a filter	46
4087611784	What is the main driving force for glomerular filtration?	blood hydrostatic pressure	47
4087618170	What substances can not be filtered out of the glomerulus?	1. blood cells 2. plasma proteins both are too large	48
4087621116	What is glomerular filtrate?	1. water 2. ions (Na+, Cl-, and others) 3 nutrients (glucose, amino acids) 4. wastes (urea, creatinine, uric acid)	49
4087629908	What is the glomerular filtration rate?	the amount of filtration that takes place in one minute	50
4087633198	What factors can affect glomerular filtration?	1. myogenic mechanisms (local control in response to higher or lower flow in the afferent artery) 2. hormonal control (renin) 3. sympathetic control	51
4087643600	If blood flow in the afferent arteriole slowed down due to low blood volume, what substance is secreted?	renin by the juxtaglomerular apparatus	52

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The American Pageant (13th Edition) Chapter 32 Flashcards Flashcards

A list of terms, acts, policies, and more from Chapter 32 of the American Pageant 13th Edition APUSH textbook.

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3497209868	Adkins v. Children's Hospital	In this case, the court reversed its ruling in the Muller v. Oregon case by invalidating a minimum wage law for women.	0
3497209869	Esch-Cummins Transportation Act of 1920	Washington D.C. returned control of railroads to private hands.	1
3497209870	Merchant Marine Act of 1920	Authorized the Shipping Board, which controlled about 1,500 vessels, to get rid of a lot of ships at bargain prices, thus reducing the size of the navy.	2
3497209871	Veteran's Bureau	Created to operate hospitals and provide rehabilitation for the disabled.	3
3497209872	Adjusted Compensation Act	Gave every former soldier a paid-up insurance policy due in 20 years. Passed by Congress twice.	4
3497209873	Washington "Disarmament" Conference of 1921-22	Resulted in a plan that kept a 5:3:3 ratio of ships that could be held by the U.S., Britain, and Japan (in that order).	5
3497209874	Four-Power Treaty	Bound Britain, Japan, France, and the U.S. to preserve the status quo in the Pacific. Replaced the 20-year old Anglo-Japanese Alliance.	6
3497209875	Kellogg-Briand Pact	Said that all nations that signed would no longer use war as offensive means.	7
3497209876	Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law	Raised the tariff from 27% to 35%.	8
3497209877	Teapot Dome Scandal	Albert B. Fall leased land to oilmen Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny, but not until Fall had received a bribe of $100,000 from Doheny and 3 times that from Sinclair.	9
3497209878	Capper-Volstead Act	Exempted farmers' marketing cooperatives from antitrust prosecution.	10
3497209879	McNary-Haugen Bill	Sought to keep agricultural prices high by authorizing the government to buy up surpluses and sell them abroad.	11
3497209880	Dawes Plan	Rescheduled German reparations payments and gave the way for further private loans to Germany.	12
3497209881	Rugged Individualism	Hoover's view that America was made great by strong, self-sufficient people.	13
3497209882	Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929	Designed to help farmers help themselves, and set up a Federal Farm Board to help the farmers.	14
3497209883	Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930	Raised the tariff to 60%.	15
3497209884	Muscle Shoals Bill	Designed to dam the Tennessee River. Vetoed by Hoover.	16
3497209885	Reconstruction Finance Corporation	Became a government lending bank.	17
3497209886	Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injection Act	Outlawed anti-union contracts and forbade the federal courts to issue injunctions to restrain strikes, boycotts, and peaceful picketing.	18
3497209887	Bonus Expeditionary Force	Erected unsanitary camps and shacks in vacant lots, creating health hazards and annoyance.	19

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Bookkeeping Flashcards

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5407944144	Capital	The amount of the owner's/shareholders' stake in the business	0
5414320221	Expenses	The costs of running the business, eg wages, rent, rates, telephone, etc.	1
5414324296	Assets	Items owned by the business	2
5414331663	Purchases	Goods bought, either on credit or for cash, which are intended to be resold later	3
5414336090	Credit Purchases	Goods bought, with payment to be made at a later date	4
5414341629	Cash Purchases	Goods bought and paid for immediately	5
5414347719	Liabilities	Items owed by the business	6
5414353788	Revenue	The total of sales, both cash and credit, for a particular time period	7
5414358704	Trade Payables	Individuals or businesses to whom money is owed by the business	8
5414362406	Trade Receivables	Individuals or businesses who owe money in respect of goods or services supplied by the business	9
5414368164	Accounts	Financial records, where business transactions are entered	10
5414371103	Trial Balance	List of the balances of all of the double-entry accounts from the general ledger	11

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The American Pagent Chapter 28 Flashcards

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5860244877	purpose of the progressive movement	-to use the government as an agency of human welfare -to cleanse capitolism -to increase democracy	0
5860244878	Progressive roots in....	Populist and Greenback parties	1
5860244879	socialist and feminists start to gain...	strength; enter the progressive movement	2
5860244880	muckrakers	Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public	3
5860244881	trust	a big business or monoply	4
5860244882	Charles Evans Hughes	prominent politician and went after gas and oil co.s	5
5860244883	Jacob Riis	muckraker; wrote how the other half lives	6
5860244884	Lincoln Steffans	unmasked corrupt alliances between big buisnesses and local gov'ts	7
5860244885	Ida Tarbell	Published a series of articles critical of the Standard Oil Company	8
5860244886	David g. Phillips	boldly charged that 75 of the 90 senators represented the railroads and trusts, not the people.	9
5860244887	Ray Stannard Baker	wrote about the literacy of blacks	10
5860244888	Thomas W. Lawson	exposed corrupt amassing of American fortunes	11
5860244889	Harvey W. Wiley	exposed the frauds that sold patent medicines by experimenting on himself	12
5860244890	saying about muckrakers	<>	13
5860244891	muckrakers belief	the cure to the ills of american democracy you needed more democracy	14
5860244892	plutocracy	gov't for the rich people	15
5860244893	feelings of the middle class	squished by the rich and the poor	16
5860244894	1913 17th amendment	direct election of senators	17
5860244895	Secret Ballot	for elections and direct elections of senators	18
5860244896	city manager system	designed to take politics out of city gov't	19
5860244897	urban reformers tackled	slumlords; juvenile deliquency; and prostitution	20
5860244898	Robert LaFollet	governer of Wisconsin; returned power to the people	21
5860244899	Triangle Shirtwiaest Factory	location of deadly fire; key to federal regulations of saeftey for workers	22
5860244900	Louis Brandies	In Muller v. Oregon, he was a Massachusetts attorney who persuaded the Supreme Court to accept constitutionality of laws protecting women workers by presenting evidence of bad effects of factory labor on weaker woman bodies.	23
5860244901	Effect of the Muller v. Oregon	women were not hired for many jobs; they went to men	24
5860244902	18th Amendment in 1919	prohibited the sale and use of alcohol	25
5860244903	Womens groups opposed the drinking of alcohol and helped with probition	Womens Christian Temperance Union	26
5860244904	Frances E. Willard	became leader of the Womens Christian Temperance Union. She worked to educate people about the evils of alcohol. She urged laws banning the sale of liquor. Also worked to outlaw saloons as step towards strengthening democracy.	27
5860244905	the three C's (sq. deal for labor)	Control of the corperations Consumer protection Conservation of the US natural resources	28
5860244906	1902 Coal Mine Strike (what happened)	coal miners wanted 9 hr work day and a 20% pay raise	29
5860244907	1902 Coal Mine Strike (what did TR do)	Threatened to take the mines with the military and use them with the military running them.	30
5860244908	1902 Coal Mine Strike (importance)	first time gov't sided with the people and not the big buisnesses.	31
5860244909	Upton Sinclair	muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago.	32

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American Pagent: Chapter 26 Flashcards

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5860239960	Western Indians offered strong resistance to white expansion through their effective use of	Repeating rifles and horses	0
5860239961	Intertribal warfare among Native Americans increased in the late nineteenth century because	Growing competition for the rapidly dwindling hunting grounds	1
5860239962	The federal goverments attempt to confine Native Americans to certain areas through formal treaties was largely ineffective	The nomadic Plains Indians largely rejected the idea of formal authority and defined territory	2
5860239963	The warfare that led up the the Battle of the Little Big Horn was set off by	White intrusions after the discovery of gold in the sacred Black Hills	3
5860239964	Indian resistance was finally subdued because	The coming of the railroad led to the destruction of the buffalo and the Indians way of life	4
5860239965	The federal governement attempted to force Indians away from their traditional values and customs by	Creating a network of childrens boarding schools and white "field matrons"	5
5860239966	Both the mining and cattle frontiers saw	A movement from individual operations to large scale corporate business	6
5860239967	The problem of developing agriculture in the arid West was solved by most successfully through	The use of irrigation fron damned western rivers	7
5860239968	The "safety valve" theory of the frontier holds that	Unemployed city dwellers could move west and thus relieve labor conflict in the East	8
5860239969	Which of these factors did not make the Trans-Mississispi West a unique part of the American frontier experience	The problem of applying new technologies in a hostile wilderness	9
5860239970	By the 1880s most western farmers faces hard times because	They were forced to sell their grain at low prices in a depressed world market	10
5860239971	The first organization to work on behalf of the farmers was the	Populist Party	11
5860239972	One of the political goals of the Grangers was	To gain control of Republican party	12
5860239973	Despite substantial gains in the election of 1892, the Populists in 1892 were unable to win a majority because	Most farmers in the Midwest were too attached to the Republican party	13
5860239974	Which of the following was NOT among the political goals adovcated by the Populist Party in the 1890s	Creation of a national system of unemployment insurance and old age pensions	14

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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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4805886347	anaphora	the regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of two or more successive phrases or clauses.	0
4805886348	chiasmus	a reversal in the word order of words in two otherwise parallel sentences	1
4805886349	apostrophe	the direct address to an absent or dead person, or to an object, quality, or idea.	2
4805886350	hyperbole	a rhetorical figure in which emphasis is achieved through exaggeration	3
4805886351	metaphor	figurative language that describes something as though it actually were something else	4
4805886352	metonymy	the substitution of one term for another that is generally associated with it. (ex. the crown declared that the man would be executed.)	5
4805886353	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole (ex. all hands on deck)	6
4805886354	onomatopoeia	the use of words that sound like a noise	7
4805886355	paradox	a statement or expression so surprisingly self-contradictory but ends up being true on some level	8
4805886356	parallelism	the use of similar grammatical structures or word order.	9
4805886357	personification	the use of human characteristics to describe animals, things, or ideas.	10
4805886358	point of view	the perspective that a narrator takes toward the events it describes	11
4805886359	protagonist	the central character in a story	12
4805886360	pun	a witty word-play which reveals that words with different meanings have similar or even identical sounds	13
4805886361	satire	writing that ridicules or holds up to contempt the faults of individuals or groups	14
4805886362	polysyndeton	the repetition of conjunctions in a sentence	15
4805886363	asyndeton	the omission of conjunctions in a sentence	16
4805886364	archetype	a symbol found in many cultures	17
4805886365	dramatic irony	a situation where the audience knows something that the characters on stage are not aware of	18
4805886366	allusion	a reference to a piece of literature, character, historical figure that the author assumes the reader will recognize	19
4805886367	dramatic climax	the turning point in a Shakespearean tragedy where the action turns against the protagonist	20
4805886368	diction	the word choices made by a writer	21
4805886369	didactic	having the primary purpose of teaching or instructing	22
4805886370	flat (static) character	a character who embodies a single quality and who does not develop in the course of a story	23
4805886371	dynamic (round) character	a character who undergoes a change or transformation in the course of a story	24
4805886372	exposition	the beginning portion of Freytag's pyramid where the background information, characters and setting are introduced	25
4805886373	exciting force	the spark or complication that "gets the action going" in the play the event that sets the plot into motion	26
4805886374	rising action	Events leading up to the climax	27
4805886375	denouement (catastrophe)	The final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary work or the outcome of a complicated sequence of events	28
4805886376	omniscient narrator	a narrator who is able to know, see, and tell all, including the inner thoughts and feelings of the characters	29
4805886377	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	30
4805886378	tone	A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.	31
4805886379	deus ex machina	an unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, especially as a contrived plot device in a play or novel	32

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Bureaucracy Flashcards

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5442417041	Bureaucracy	Bureaucracy - a large, complex administrative structure that handles the everyday business of an organization by definition, a bureaucracy is built on three principles: hierarchical authority (chain of command) job specialization (each bureaucrat has a certain defined role) formalized rules (work is accomplished according to established regulations and procedures)	0
5442417042	Pros of Bureaucracy	effective way for multiple people to work on public issues can speed action by defining authority job specialization promotes efficiency	1
5442417043	Cons of Bureaucracy	inefficient and waste can come from having too many levels of hierarchy, or too complex of procedures bureaucrats are not elected	2
5442417044	How are Government Workers Chosen?	Political Appointees- top leadership positions whom the President has chosen because they have proven executive ability (usually ends when the President leaves office) Civil Service Workers- permanent employment, based on competitive tests and merit They work within the Civil Service System	3
5442417045	Spoils system	Became very popular under Andrew Jackson Government jobs went to people as a reward for their political support New President's fired most workers and replaced them with their own Ex. Jackson put Martin Van Buren as Sec. of State and then VP because he was Jackson's campaign manager and helped Jackson win the election Ex. Jackson made Roger Taney Supreme Court Chief Justice because he helped Jackson remove all of the money from the national bank because Jackson opposed it	4
5442417046	Merit system	Came about during Progressive Era with the Pendleton Act Known as Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 Now jobs within the Civil Service System are awarded based on merit and examinations Sets standards for federal jobs Only 1% of federal bureaucracy jobs are picked by the President	5
5442417047	Federal Bureaucracy	agencies and employees of the executive branch Carry out programs created by Congress Administer day to day functions of the Executive Branch Regulate various activities (police, banks, airlines, etc.) Executive Branch Bureaucracy today contains over 3 million workers. Headed by the President Constitution anticipates the creation of two departments for the military and for foreign affairs The Constitution doesn't say much else about the organization of the Executive Branch	6
5442417048	federal bureaucracy divisions	-Executive Office of the President -The Cabinet -Independent agencies	7
5442417049	Top 3 of EOP	-Council of Economic advisors -Office of Management and budget -National security council	8
5442417050	Council of Economic Advisors	Three of the nation's leading economists Advise the President on the state of the nation's economy	9
5442417051	National Security Council	A major part of the EOP Advises the President on matters of domestic and foreign national security Includes: President and Vice President Secretaries of Defense, State, and Treasury Director of National Intelligence Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff	10
5442417052	Office of management and budget	Largest and most influential unit of the Executive Office (after the White House Staff) Helps the President prepare the annual federal budget, which must be presented to Congress every year	11
5442417053	Chief of Staff	Largest and most influential unit of the Executive Office (after the White House Staff) Helps the President prepare the annual federal budget, which must be presented to Congress every year	12
5442417054	Executive departments	President Washington asked for Congress to provide federal funding for 3 executive depts. to assist in carrying out his presidential duties: Department of State Department of Treasury Department of War There are now 15 departments Largest part of Executive Branch Do most work carrying out laws and running government. Each department helps President carry out one or more of his jobs. Heads of the departments are called Secretaries Each secretary is a member of the President's Cabinet Except Attorney General	13
5442417055	Presidential cabinet	-important group of advisors to the President. -All members of the cabinet are called secretaries. Exception: head of Justice Department called Attorney General. -Senate must approve	14
5442417056	Department of State	Plans and carries out the nation's foreign policy	15
5442417057	Department of Treasury	Collects, borrows, spends, and prints money	16
5442417058	Department of Defense	Manages the military	17
5442417059	Department of Justice	Responsible for all aspects of law enforcement	18
5442417060	Department of Interior	Manages and protects the nation's public lands and natural resources	19
5442417061	Department of Agriculture	Assists farmers and consumers of products	20
5442417062	Department of Commerce	Supervises trade and promotes US business	21
5442417063	Department of Labor	Deals with working conditions and wages	22
5442417064	Dept of Health & Human Services	Works for the well being & health of Americans	23
5442417065	Dept of Housing & Urban Development	Deals with special needs and problems of cities	24
5442417066	Dept of Transportation	Manages nation's highways, railroads, airlines, & sea traffic	25
5442417067	Department of Energy	Directs overall energy plan	26
5442417068	Department of Education	Provides advice and funding for schools	27
5442417069	Department of Veterans Affairs	Directs services for armed force veterans	28
5442417070	Department of Homeland Security	Oversees America's defenses against terrorist attacks	29
5442417071	Department	Cabinet	30
5442417072	Corporation	Conducts business activity	31
5442417073	Commission	Regulates business activity	32
5442417074	Agency	Almost as important as Cabinet but not(NASA)	33
5442417075	Types of Independent Agencies	-Executive agencies -Regulatory commissions -Government corporations	34
5442417076	Executive Agencies	Deal with certain specialized areas within government Ex. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)	35
5442417077	Regulatory Commissions	Report to Congress Protect the public by making and enforce rules for industries or groups Ex. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)	36
5442417078	Government corporation	Private businesses owned and operated by the government and not private people Ex. Postal Service (USPS)	37

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Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantine and Orthodox Europe Flashcards

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5439084683	Byzantine Empire	(330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.	0
5439092449	Hagia Sofia	The cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian	1
5439092450	Belisarius	Byzantine general under Justinian I; he led expeditions to overthrow the Vandal kingdom in North Africa and occupied parts of Italy for Justinian	2
5439098615	Icons	Holy images	3
5439098616	Rurik	Legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E.	4
5439101346	Yaroslav I	ruled Kievan Russia from 1019-1054 AD; introduced Pravda Russkia	5
5439112699	Balkans	Various peoples in this area of Eastern Europe rebelled against Ottoman rule, contributing to their imperial decline.	6
5439112700	Justinian	Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code	7
5439115549	Greek Fire	Flammable liquid used as a weapon by the Byzantine navy	8
5439115550	Iconoclasm	Opposing or even destroying images, especially those set up for religious veneration in the belief that such images represent idol worship.	9
5439121348	Vladimir I	Russian ruler who adopted Christianity as the religion for his people	10
5439123893	Boyars	Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts	11
5439123894	Manzikert	Seljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory.	12
5439127006	Theodora	the wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nike Revolt.	13
5439129843	Bulgaria	Slavic kingdom established in northern portions of Balkan peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014	14
5439132650	Cyril and Methodius	brothers who helped conversion of Slavic people; created Cyrillic alphabet	15
5439135026	Russian Orthodoxy	Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire and combined with local religion; king characteristically controlled major appointments	16
5439137408	Tatars	Mongols who conquered RUssian cities during the 13th century; left Russian church and aristocracy intact.	17