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Flight Paramedic Certification Flashcards

FP-C

982729073	norm ph range	7.35 - 7.45	0
982729074	co2 norm range in ABG	35-45	1
982729075	HCO3 norm range in ABG	22-26	2
982729076	Pa02 of 60 = _____ Sa02	90%	3
982729079	name 2 catalysts for respiratory alkalosis	Heat injury, ASA overdose	4
982729081	what number indicates ion gap acidosis	greater than or = 16	5
982729083	List "MUDPILES" / causes of ion gap acidosis	Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Propylene Glycol, Isoniazid (INH)/ Iron, Lactate, Ethelyne Glycol, Salicylates	6
982729085	what is methanol?	Alcohol poisoning	7
982729100	what is uremia?	Kidney failure	8
982729101	What is DKA?	Diabetic Ketoacidosis	9
982729109	What is propylene glycol?	Liquid agent in Diazapam and Lorazapam	10
982729110	Isoniazid (INH) / Iron	Tuperculosis medication / Iron Supplements	11
982729111	Lactate	from anaerobic metabolism	12
982729112	Ethelyne Glycol	Antifreeze	13
982729113	Salicylate	ASA	14
982729130	List PAILS and corresponding arteries with leads	posterior - LCX - v1-v4 anterior - LAD - v3,v4 inferior - RCA - II, III, AVF lateral - LCX - I, V5, V6, AVL septal - LAD - v1, v2	15
982729131	Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Formula	SBP + (2 x DBP) _____________ 3	16
982729132	Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) Formula	MAP - ICP	17
982729133	Normal Range for ICP	0 - 10 mmHg	18
982729134	ICP Transducer is placed at _________	foramen of Monro (level of ear)	19
982729139	2 chemical elements that drastically affect brain	glucose, sodium	20
982729144	3 terms synonymous with brain herniation	uncal, tentorial, brainstem	21
982729145	Seeing __________ breathing pattern...suspect increased ICP / herniation	Cheyne - Stokes	22
982729146	Tx of herniation	-paralyze -intubate -hyperventilate -mannitol -hypertonic solution -Barbituate coma	23
982729147	Never use _____ solutions with herniation	hypotonic	24
982729148	herniation onset seizures can be treated with these 2	a benzo, or phosphenytoin	25
982729152	skull fracture along sutures	diastatic	26
982729153	skull fx that extend towards base of skull	linear	27
982729154	mulitiple fx that radiate form compressed area like a spider web	linear stellate	28
982729155	fx that result in battle signs, racoon eyes, otorrhea, clear rhinorrhea (leaking CSF)	basilar	29
982729156	name 3 layers of skull, outside to in	skull, dura mater, arachnoid	30
982729157	cephalic hemotoma between skull and dura mater	subdural	31
982729158	cephalic hematoma between dura mater and arachnoid	epidural	32
982729301	cephalic hematoma between brain and arachnoid	sub arachnoid	33
982729302	slow skull bleed that is very lethal	subdural hematoma	34
982729303	MMA artery head bleed that has gives pt lucid interval	epidural hematoma	35
982729304	head bleed that shows starfish pattern on CT and gives 'worst headache of you life'.	subarachnoid hematoma	36
982729305	T or F ; with subarachnoid bleeders, avoid lumbar puntures and keep sys BP under 140	True	37
982729306	drug treatment for Subarachnoid bleed	nimodipine	38
982729307	why is there pupil dilation in Epidural bleeds?	loss of parasympathetic tone after occulomotor nerve injury	39
982729308	great drug for intracranial hemorrage that results in high BP	nipride	40
982729309	3 types of concussions	mild - knocked out no memory loss classic - memory loss diffuse axonal injury - Coma	41
982729310	A seizure lasting over 30 minutes	status epilecticus	42
982729311	drugs for status epilecticus	lorazapam (ativan)	43
982729312	spinal cord injury on one side that includes motor loss on injury side and sensation and temp loss on the opposite side	brown sequard lesion	44
982729313	spinal shock causes loss of _________	tone	45
982729314	trauma can cause swelling of spinal cord resulting in	spinal shock	46
982729315	2 treatments of spinal shock	crysalloid fluid if hypotensive shitload of steriods	47
982729316	cord injury when motor weakness is worse in upper extremities than lower extremities	central cord injury	48
982729317	spinal cord issue resulting in loss of pain/temp everywhere, and sparing of propioreception/vibration	anterior cord syndrome	49
982729318	another name for neurogenic shock	distributive shock	50
982729319	3 symptoms of Neurogenic shock	-decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) -hypotension -warm red skin	51
982729320	Normal range for serum osmolality	285 - 295	52
982729321	T or F higher osmolality # , thicker the serum	True	53
982729322	Basic Metabolic Panel Ranges / Chem 7	Na - 135 145 K - 3.5 - 5 Co2 22-26	54
982729664	urine output formulas for infant, child, and adult	infant - 2cc/kg/hr child - 1cc/kg/hr adult - 0.5cc/kg/hr	55
982729665	ET Tube size formula for peds	(16+Age)/4	56
982729666	ETT insertion depth formula	3 x ETT size	57
982729667	formulas for peds maintenance fluids	1 - 10 kg ; 4cc/kg/hr 10 - 20 kg ; 2cc/kg/hr > 20 kg ; 1cc/kg/hr	58
982729669	Fluid resusitation formula for infants / neonates (<1 y/o	10cc/kg	59
982729670	Fluid resusitation formula for toddler/children (>1 y/o	20cc/kg	60
982729671	Age ranges breakdown for classification	neonate> birth to 30 days infant - 30 days to 1 yr toddler - 1 yo to 2 y/0 child - > 2 yrs old	61
982729672	Intubate immediately with these 3 ABG values	Ph <7.2 Co2>55 PO2<60	62
982729673	Name 2 classes of chemoreceptors and their main drive response	Central - medulla/pons - CO2 Peripheral - aortic/carotid - 02 (very quick reactor)	63
982729820	what is Fick Formula?	(V/Q-Ventilation/Perfusion) It calculates how much o2 a person uses - measures cardiac output, assuming o2 uptake by lungs equals o2 delivery	64
982729957	What is the shorthand for Tidal Volume?	Vt	65
982729958	What is estimate for good volume on ventilator?	6-10cc/kg	66
982729959	What is Fi02?	Fraction of inspired oxygen (.21-1.0 or 21% - 100%)	67
982729960	What is pplat?	Plateau pressure (should be less than 30)	68
982729961	____ is the degree of vascular resistance to ventricular contraction	afterload	69
982729962	t or f: right heart afterload is affected by the pulmonary arteries	True	70
982729963	t or f: left heart afterload is affected by systemic vascular resistance	true	71
982729964	normal range for SVR	800-1200	72
982729965	t or f: S3 "Kentucky" is caused by excess filling of ventricals	True	73
982729966	____ is a very common reason for the S3 heart sound	CHF	74
982729967	_____ and ____ are very common causes of s4 "Tennessee" heart sound	Hypertrophic cardiomyhopathy / HTN	75
982729968	'stemi' stands for _____	ST segment elevation infarction	76
982729969	t or f: with st elevation, you are watching tissue death live	true	77
982729970	STEMI confirmation requires st elevation greater than ___ mm in 2 contiguous leads	2	78
982729971	New onset LBBB is indicated by ____ deflection on V1	downward	79
982729972	STEMIs show (+ or - ?) cardiac markers /enzymes	+	80
982729973	Partial artery occlusino causes ____ on EKG reading (Ischema/Angina)	ST depression	81
982729975	Full artery occlusion causes ____ on EKG reading (Stemi)	ST elevation	82
982729977	ST depression in non STEMI is caused by lack of 02 to cardiac tissue occuring now, or due to _____	an old infarct	83
982729979	non STEMIs produce (+) cardiac enzymes	true	84
982729980	Antidote for beta blocker o.d is ____	glucagon	85
982729982	if angina is not relieved by rest, nitro, or is different than 'normal' chest pain, it is ____ angina	unstable	86
982730013	The cardiac enzyme most sensitive and specific for MI is ____	troponin I	87
982730014	Never give ___ nor ____ to a pt suffering from inferior MI	nitro / beta blockers	88
982730018	With ____ MIs, you will see reciprocal changes/St depressions in v1 - v4	posterior	89
982730019	A papillary muscle/'heart strings' dysfunction leads to _____ shock	cardiogenic	90
982730021	What are 4 leads likely to be affected with lateral MI?	V1, V5, V6, AVL	91
982730022	What condition is one of the most common causes of tachy disorders in infants and children?	Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome	92
982730024	delta waves are seen with ____ syndrome	wolf parkinson white	93
982730027	BBBs on EKG readings are seen on all leads	False; they're only seen on V1	94
982730031	BBBs can have a narrow QRS	False; they're greater than .12	95
982730032	Unstable Angina can be qualified with pn lasting for more than 10 min. T or f?	True	96
982730044	list 3 attributes of variant (prinzmetals) angina	- chest pn at rest, has circadian rhythm, relieved with nitro -often seen with women, at night -treated with CCBs	97
982730045	Kyle's favorite B blocker for purposes of exam is ___	Labetelol	98
982730046	most drugs that end in 'olol' are ____	beta blockers	99
982730047	Suspect ___ when you see digoxin on pts hx	CHF history	100
982730053	Name 5 drugs that increase SVR	dopamine, neosynephrine, epi, levophed (norepi) - if totally bottomed out	101
982730058	name 7 drugs that reduce SVR	nitroprusside, high dose NTG, CCBs, ACEi, a blockers, dobutrex, natrecor (atrial natriuretic peptide)	102
982730070	nitroprusside (nipride) reduces preload and afterload due to ____	dilation	103
982730226	nitroprusside (nipride) overdose can cause _____	cyanide toxicity	104
982730227	name 2 common things that increase preload	fluids, vasoconstrictors	105
982730228	name 3 common things that can decrease preload	morphine, lasix, nitro	106
982730229	a good alternative to nitroprusside (it doesn't cause cyanide toxicity is _____	nicardipine	107
982730230	properly performed CPR is __% of normal cardiac output	20	108
982730231	Tricyclic anti-depressant (TCA) overdose causes a ____ on ekg	prolonged QT interval	109
982730232	We see dysrhytmias in hypothermia because of the increases in ____ and ____ levels	lactate / K+	110
982730233	What is does PTCA stand for?	Percutaneous Transluminal coronary angioplasty (it's a 'cardiac cath')	111
982730234	2 courses of treatment for the PTCA pt during transport	-keep leg straight for 30 minutes after cath removal -administer g2b3a inhibitors	112
982730235	Endocarditis is a sudden onset infection of the heart tissue that often results in _______	new murmur	113
982730236	#1 cause of endocarditus	IV drug abuse	114
982730268	Those who suffer from Endocarditis can have red, painful fingertips called __________	osler nodes	115
982730269	Those who suffer from Endocarditis can have red lesions on palm and soles called __________	janeway lesions	116
982730270	Tx of endocarditis involves ____ and ____	IV antibiotics / heart valve replacement (if damage is strong enough)	117
982730271	A pt presenting w progressive dypnea and coughs up frothy sputum probably has _____	CHF	118
982730272	A CHF pt will show these 3 signs on chest xray	Butterfly pattern / Kerley B lines / Heart 50% of chest area	119
982730273	Treatment for CHF pt should usually involve these 3 drug interventions	-Lasix (prob most important for test) -ACEi (angiotensisn converting enzyme inhibitor) - beta blockers (such as carvidolol)	120
982730274	What is BNP and how does it relate to CHF?	B-type Natriuretic Peptide - it's a substance that increases from heart to compensate for a heart failure. Higher BNP, higher the failure.	121
982730275	When BNP blood test shows greater than ___, it is CHF	400	122
982730276	What is likely cause of substernal chest pn when breathing of laying supine?	Pericarditis	123
982730277	2 types of pericarditis and what are they?	- uremic: usually just went though dialysis because of renal failure - dressler's syndrome: pericarditis occurring after MI/post-heart surgery. can last 3-4 weeks	124
982730278	What are we likelly to see on EKG with pericarditis?	global st elevation with rounded t-waves (diffuse st segment elevation)	125
982730279	drug treatment for pericarditis	NSAIDs (usually indocin)	126
982730280	'Ripping or tearing' sensation btwn shoulder blades is usually _____ . the sensation can also present in chest or abdomen.	aortic dissection	127
982730281	Pn in aortic dissection should be treated with ___ or ___	morphine or fentanyl	128
982730282	slow Aortic dissection bleed with these 2 drugs, in this order:	b blocker (labetolol), THEN nitroprusside	129
982730283	Peripheral vascular thrombosis involves what condition?	Deep vein thrombosis (dvt)	130
982730284	What are the 3 elements of virchow's triad? These are seen with dvt...	-loss of vein integrity / stasis (long seated ride, or hospital bed) / hypercoagualable state (cancer or pregnancy)	131
982730285	3 symptons of dvt:	aching pn / warm / redness / swelling	132
982730286	what are the 6 p's related to arterial occlusion?	pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia, pain, pallor, poikilothermia (cold blooded)	133
982730287	Symptoms of a hypertensive crisis/emergency	headache / nausea/vomiting/ visual changes	134

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Altitude Physiology (for Flight Paramedics) Flashcards

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166070807	Troposphere	Lowest layer of the atmosphere, beginning at the Earth's surface, extending to 30,000 feet, or 11 miles.	0
152089048	Physiologic (Efficient) Zone	Zone of the atmosphere in which the human body is well adapted; from sea level to 10,000 feet	1
389169282	Charles' Law	"The volume of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas, given that the mass and pressure of the gas are held constant."	2
905277942	Boyle's Law	"The volume of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure."	3
114510188	Universal (or Ideal) Gas Law	Equation of state of a hypothetical "ideal" gas; a gas that obeys Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Avogadro's Law exactly.	4
806847776	Dalton's Law	"As altitude increases, the total atmospheric pressure decreases [from 760 mmHg at sea level], as does the partial pressure of the atmospheric gas constituents. The percentages, or ratios of each gas to one another, remain constant, but their partial pressure decreases."	5
396833632	Henry's Law	"The quantity of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional of the gas over the solution, provided the gas does not react chemically with the solution."	6
993235113	Gay-Lussac's Law	"For a fixed amount of gas (fixed number of moles) at fixed volume, the pressure is proportional to the temperature."	7
28886298	Graham's Law	"The relative rates of diffusion of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure are inversely proportional to the square roots of those of the density of those gases."	8
575437496	Fick's Law	"The net diffusion rate of a gas across a fluid membrane is proportional to the difference in partial pressure, proportional to the area of the membrane, and inversely proportional to the thickness of that membrane."	9
548144449	Avogadro's Law	"At the same temperature and pressures, an equal number of molecules of gas occupy the same volume."	10
231569806	How does temperature change with increases in altitude?	For every 330 feet (100 meters) increase in altitude, there is a roughly 1ºC decrease in temperature	11
935214428	Hypoxic hypoxia	Insufficient oxygen, or when conditions prevent the diffusion of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream.	12
402038586	Hypemic hypoxia	Reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity or a decrease in the number of cells per unit of volume; may also be referred to as anemic hypoxia; may be caused by anemia, blood loss, hemoglobin abnormalities, use of certain drugs (nitrites, sulfanilamides), and intake of chemicals (carbon monoxide, cyanide)	13
390798067	Histotoxic hypoxia	Tissues are unable to utilize an otherwise (presumably) adequate supply of oxygen from the bloodstream; venous oxygen saturation is higher than normal as oxygen is not "offloaded" at target tissues; may also be caused by carbon monoxide, cyanide poisoning, and cigarette smoking.	14
395008218	Stagnant hypoxia	Oxygen carrying capacity of blood is adequate, but there is inadequate circulation to propel that oxygenated blood to target tissues.	15
589274791	Indifferent (or asymptomatic) stage of hypoxia	Primary symptoms are a loss of depth or color perception, may occur at altitudes as low as 4,000 feet, SpO₂ usually within 90 - 95%	16
124915651	Compensatory stage of hypoxia	In healthy people, this stage may occur at altitudes between 10,000 - 15,000 feet, compensation is increasing rate/depth of ventilation and cardiac output, SpO₂ usually within 80 - 90%	17
295136911	Disturbance (or deterioration) stage of hypoxia	Occurs when compensatory mechanisms fail or are maximized and insufficient in healthy individuals, or acutely in unhealthy patients; SpO₂ usually within 70 - 80%, deterioration will continue of not recognized	18
285422951	Critical stage of hypoxia	Terminal stage of hypoxia leading to death; almost completely incapacitated or unconscious at this stage; SpO₂ usually less than 70%	19
228561479	Spatial disorientation	Stressor of flight; inability determine position, altitude, and motion relative to the surface of the Earth or significant fixed objects; significant factor in aircraft accidents	20
690205130	What can aircraft vibration result in?	Can cause an increase in muscle activity to maintain posture and reduce the resonant amplification of the vibration through the body; leads to increased metabolic rate with peripheral vasoconstriction.	21
42367242	Dysbarism	Expansion of gases in the body from decreased barometric pressure causes various manifestations	22
282258025	Barotitus media	Middle ear issues or damage from barometric pressure changes	23
275671724	Barodontalgia	Toothache that occurs during changes of barometric pressure; crew members with dental surgery should wait 48 - 72 hours before flying again	24
587682624	Barogastralgia	Expansion of gases within the gastrointestinal tract that results in pain or discomfort	25
536570208	Barosinusitis	Also called sinus block, is the occlusion of the paranasal sinuses caused by the pressure difference between the ambient atmosphere and that within the sinuses.	26
102826176	When positive gravitational forces ("g-forces") are applied to a body region, blood and other body fluids are pulled _______ the tissues of that region	...pulled TOWARDS the tissues of that region.	27
773811600	What strategy should you use when transporting a patient by fixed-wing with suspected or proven ↑ ICP?	Try to position the patient's head to the front of the aircraft to prevent significant rises in ICP during takeoff.	28
25265589	"DEATH" pneumonic, used to remember self-imposed stressors	Drugs, Exhaustion, Alcohol, Tobacco, and Hypoglycemia	29
344801132	What is a significant impairment associated with the use of night vision goggles?	Impairment of depth perception	30
874854091	Exposure to sounds louder than ___ decibels is not safe at any time and may lead to hearing loss?	140 decibels	31
633828690	What is the typical ambient noise level inside a rotor wing aircraft cabin?	100 - 120 decibels	32
417814877	What is the human range of hearing, in Hertz?	20 - 20,000 Hertz	33
888844566	Within the Hertz range of human hearing, what is the most sensitive range?	200 - 6,800 Hertz	34

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Critical Care Number to Memorize Flashcards

Loma Linda school of Nursing Critical Care

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1652325596	MAP	70-100 must be over 60 to perfuse	0
1652325597	CVP	2-5 mmhg	1
1652325598	PAWP/PAOP	5-12mmhg	2
1652325599	PAP	20/5 to 30/10	3
1652325600	SA Node	60-100	4
1652325601	AV Node	40-60	5
1652325602	Purkinje Fiber	20-40	6
1652325603	pH	7.35-7.45	7
1652325604	CO2	35-45	8
1652325605	HCO3	22-26	9
1652325606	PaO2	80-100 (age dependent always greater than 60)	10
1652325607	SaO2	90-100	11
1652325608	O2 content	18-20%	12
1652325609	FiO2	21-100%	13
1652325610	PEEP	3-5cm H20	14
1652325611	Initial Vent Setting FiO2	50-100	15
1652325612	Initial Vent Setting rate	8-12	16
1652325613	Initial Vent Setting mode	A/C	17
1652325614	Initial Vent Setting TV	10-12 ml/kg	18
1652325615	train of 4 optimal	2/4=85%	19
1652325616	TOF 4/4	75%	20
1652325617	TOF 3/4	80%	21
1652325618	TOF 1/4	90%	22
1652325619	0/4 TOF	100%	23
1652325620	x factor	cc/hr=mcg/kg/min	24
1652325621	ICP normal	C wave 4-15 mmhg	25
1652325622	ICP B Wave	15-20	26
1652325623	ICP A Wave	above 20	27
1652325624	CO normal	4-6 liter/min	28
1652325625	SV	50cc	29
1652325626	EF	Above 50%	30
1652325627	PR	0.12-0.2	31
1652325628	QRS	0.06-0.1	32
1652325629	QT	0.36-0.44	33
1652325630	BUN	5-25	34
1652325631	CREAT	0.5-1.5	35
1652325632	BUN/CREAT RATIO	10:1	36
1652325633	CR CLEARANCE	120 ML/MIN	37
1652325634	SPEC GRAVITY	1.003-1.030	38
1652325635	GFR	125 CC/MIN	39
1652325636	K	3.5-5	40
1652325637	NA	135-145	41
1652325638	PHOS renal	0.8-1.3 (24 HR)	42
1652325639	CA renal	4.5-5.5	43
1652325640	TIDAL VOLUME	10-12 ML/KG	44
1652325641	I:E	1:2	45
1652325642	I:E FOR COPD	1:4	46
1652325643	I:E REST	1:1	47
1652325644	INCREASED PaCO2	increase rate/tidal volume	48
1652325645	Decrease PaCo2	decrease rate/tidal volume	49
1652325646	Increase PaO2	decrease FiO2 or PEEP	50
1652325647	Decrease PaO2	increase FiO2 or PEEP	51
1652325648	Hgb	12-18	52
1652325649	HCT	38-54	53
1652325650	RBC	4-6	54
1652325651	Ca CBC	8.5-10.5	55
1652325652	WBC	4-11	56
1652325653	SEG	55-70%	57
1652325654	Bands	2-5%	58
1652325655	Mg	1.3-2.1 mEq/L	59
1652325656	Phos	2.5-4.5	60
1652325657	Cl	97-110	61

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Critical Care Drugs Flashcards

OhioHealth Critical Care Fellowship

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94492996	Adenosine Class	antiarrhythmics	0
94492997	Adenosine Trade Name	Adenocard, Adenoscan	1
94493001	Adenosine MOA	• Restores normal sinus rhythm by interrupting re-entrant pathways in the AV node. • Slows conduction time through the AV node. • Also produces coronary artery vasodilation.	2
94493010	Adenosine Intended Action	• Conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) to normal sinus rhythm when vagal maneuvers are unsuccessful. • As a diagnostic agent (with noninvasive techniques) to assess myocardial perfusion defects occurring as a consequence of coronary artery disease.	3
94493012	Adenosine Side Effects	CNS: apprehension, dizziness, headache, head pressure, light-headedness. EENT: blurred vision, throat tightness. Resp: shortness of breath, chest pressure, hyperventilation. CV: facial flushing, transient arrhythmias, chest pain, hypotension, palpitations. GI: metallic taste, nausea. Derm: burning sensation, facial flushing, sweating. MS: neck and back pain. Neuro: numbness, tingling. Misc: heaviness in arms, pressure sensation in groin.	4
94493015	Argatroban Class	anticoagulants - thrombin inhibitors	5
94493161	Argatroban Trade Name	Argatroban	6
94493163	Argatroban MOA	selectively inhibits free and clot-bound thrombin (direct thrombin inhibitor)	7
94493164	Argatroban Intended Action	Argatroban keeps the platelets in your blood from coagulating (clotting) to prevent unwanted blood clots that can occur while receiving heparin	8
94493166	Argatroban Side Effects	feeling like you might pass out; easy bruising, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum), purple or red pinpoint spots under your skin; blood in your urine; black, bloody, or tarry stools; coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds; any bleeding that will not stop; pain or burning when you urinate; sudden numbness or weakness, problems with vision, speech, or balance; sudden severe headache, confusion, sudden changes in your senses of taste or touch; fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms; cough with yellow or green mucus, stabbing chest pain, feeling short of breath; slow heart rate, weak pulse, slow breathing (breathing may stop); or chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, general ill feeling.	9
94493167	Amiodarone Class	antiarrhythmics	10
94493169	Amiodarone Trade Name	Cordarone, Pacerone	11
94493170	Amiodarone MOA	prolongs action potential phase 3 (class III antiarrhythmic)	12
94493171	Amiodarone Intended Action	Amiodarone is used to help keep the heart beating normally in people with life-threatening heart rhythm disorders of the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart that allow blood to flow out of the heart). Amiodarone is used to treat ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.	13
94493172	Amiodarone Side Effects	a new or a worsening irregular heartbeat pattern; fast, slow, or pounding heartbeats; feeling like you might pass out; wheezing, cough, chest pain, trouble breathing, coughing up blood; blurred vision, vision loss, headache or pain behind your eyes, sometimes with vomiting; feeling short of breath, even with mild exertion, swelling, rapid weight gain; weight loss, thinning hair, feeling too hot or too cold, increased sweating, irregular menstrual periods, swelling in your neck (goiter); numbness, burning, pain, or tingling in your hands or feet; or nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).	14
94493173	Atracurium Class	neuromuscular blockers	15
94493175	Atracurium Trade Name	Tracrium	16
94493176	Atracurium MOA	antagonizes motor endplate acetylcholine receptors (non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker)	17
94493180	Atracurium Intended Action	used adjunctively in anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.	18
94493181	Atracurium Side Effects	Serious Reactions prolonged paralysis (long-term use) respiratory depression apnea malignant hyperthermia seizures (ICU pts) anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid rxn bronchospasm hypotension cardiac arrest arrhythmias Common Reactions skin flushing BP changes HR elevated	19
94493264	Atropine Class	belladona alkaloid	20
94496294	Atropine Trade Name	AtroPen	21
94496295	Atropine MOA	antagonizes acetylcholine receptors (anticholinergic)	22
94496296	Atropine Intended Action	Administration prior to anesthesia to reduce or prevent secretions of respiratory tract; restoration of cardiac rate and arterial pressure in some situations	23
94496298	Atropine Side Effects	Serious Reactions anaphylaxis bradycardia, severe heat stroke Common Reactions headache xerostomia nausea insomnia dizziness restlessness blurred vision mydriasis constipation delirium tachycardia palpitations ataxia tremor dry hot skin	24
94496299	Cefazolin Class	1st gen. cephalosporin	25
94496300	Cefazolin Trade Name	Ancef, Kefzol	26
94496301	Cefazolin MOA	bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis	27
94496302	Cefazolin Intended Action	Cefazolin is used to treat many kinds of bacterial infections, including severe or life-threatening forms.	28
94496303	Cefazolin Side Effects	Serious Reactions neutropenia thrombocytopenia anaphylaxis Stevens-Johnson syndrome nephrotoxicity seizures Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea Common Reactions diarrhea rash vomiting nausea abdominal pain anorexia ALT, AST elevated urticaria thrombophlebitis	29
94496304	Cefepime Class	4th gen. cephalosporin	30
94496305	Cefepime Trade Name	Maxipime	31
94496307	Cefepime MOA	bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis	32
94496310	Cefepime Intended Action	Cefepime injection is used to treat many kinds of bacterial infections, including severe or life-threatening forms.	33
94496315	Cefepime Side Effects	Serious Reactions anaphylaxis encephalopathy seizures non-convulsive status epilepticus leukopenia thrombocytopenia agranulocytosis anemia, hemolytic aplastic anemia hemorrhage Stevens-Johnson syndrome toxic epidermal necrolysis erythema multiforme Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea Common Reactions rash injection site rxn diarrhea hypophosphatemia ALT, AST elevated nausea	34
94496316	Ceftriaxone Class	3rd gen. cephalosporin	35
94496317	Ceftriaxone Trade Name	Rocephin	36
94496320	Ceftriaxone MOA	bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis	37
94496321	Ceftriaxone Intended Action	Ceftriaxone is used to treat many kinds of bacterial infections, including severe or life-threatening forms such as meningitis.	38
94496322	Ceftriaxone Side Effects	Serious Reactions anaphylaxis bronchospasm Stevens-Johnson syndrome toxic epidermal necrolysis erythema multiforme serum sickness pneumonitis, hypersensitivity neutropenia leukopenia anemia, hemolytic thrombocytopenia hypoprothrombinemia agranulocytosis superinfection Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea colitis biliary/gallbladder sludge jaundice pancreatitis seizures nephrolithiasis lung/kidney Ca-ceftriaxone precipitate (neonates) Common Reactions local injection site rxn eosinophilia thrombocytosis ALT, AST elevated diarrhea leukopenia	39
94496324	Cisatracurium Class	neuromusuclar blockers	40
94496325	Cisatracurium Trade Name	Nimbrex	41
94496326	Cisatracurium MOA	antagonizes motor endplate acetylcholine receptors (non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker)	42
94496328	Cisatracurium Intended Action	Cisatracurium is given before general anesthesia in preparing you for surgery. Cisatracurium helps keep your body still during surgery. It also relaxes your throat so a breathing tube can be more easily inserted before the surgery.	43
94496329	Cistracurium Side Effects	Serious Reactions hypersensitivity rxn anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid rxn bronchospasm hypotension respiratory depression prolonged paralysis (long-term use) Common Reactions bradycardia hypotension flushing bronchospasm rash	44
94496330	Dexmedetomidine Class	sedation	45
94496736	Dexmedetomidine Trade Name	Precedex	46
94496790	Dexmedetomidine MOA	produces centrally mediated sympatholytic, sedative and analgesic effects (selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist)	47
94496834	Dexmedetomidine Intended Action	Relaxes your muscles and makes you sleepy while you are on a ventilator or during intubation (having a breathing tube put into your throat). Also used before or during surgery or other procedures.	48
94496836	Dexmedetomidine Side Effects	Serious Reactions hypotension bradycardia, severe sinus arrest arrhythmias atrial fibrillation pleural effusion pulmonary edema respiratory depression respiratory acidosis respiratory failure ARDS bronchospasm hyperkalemia adrenal insufficiency leukocytosis acute renal failure hypovolemia/dehydration hyperpyrexia Common Reactions hypotension HTN nausea bradycardia atrial fibrillation fever xerostomia vomiting hypovolemia atelectasis hypoxia pleural effusion agitation tachycardia anemia hyperthermia rigors hyperglycemia hemorrhage pain oliguria thirst respiratory depression acidosis	49
94496837	Diazepam Class	benzodiazepine	50
94496838	Diazepam Trade Name	Valium, Diastat	51
94496859	Diazepam MOA	binds to benzodiazepine receptors; enhances GABA effects	52
94496862	Diazepam Intended Action	Treats anxiety, muscle spasms, seizures, and other medical conditions.	53
94496863	Diazepam Side Effects	erious Reactions respiratory depression dependency, abuse seizures suicidality bradycardia hypotension, severe syncope cardiovascular collapse blood dyscrasias jaundice CNS stimulation, paradoxical withdrawal sx if abrupt D/C (long-term use) Common Reactions drowsiness fatigue asthenia ataxia venous thrombosis (IM or IV use) phlebitis (IM or IV use) confusion depression dysarthria headache tremor dystonia amnesia urinary retention constipation nausea incontinence diplopia dizziness irritability disinhibition libido changes rash xerostomia sialorrhea menstrual irregularities hypotension ALT, AST elevated	54
94496864	Dobutamine Class	inotropes/pressors	55
94496865	Dobutamine Trade Name	Dobutrex	56
94496868	Dobutamine MOA	stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors	57
94496874	Dobutamine Intended Action	Dobutamine is used for short term treatment of patients with cardiac decompensation.	58
94496875	Dobutamine Side Effects	Serious Reactions HTN tachycardia PVCs hypotension, severe ventricular tachycardia thrombocytopenia hypokalemia bronchospasm Common Reactions HTN tachycardia PVCs nausea headache angina palpitations dyspnea phlebitis	59
94496876	Dopamine Class	inotropes/pressors - catelcholamine	60
94496877	Dopamine Trade Name	n/a	61
94496878	Dopamine MOA	stimulates alpha and beta-1 adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors; produces inotropic, chronotropic, renal/splanchnic vasodilatory (at low doses), and pressor (at high doses) effects	62
94496879	Dopamine Intended Action	Treats circulation problems caused by heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure, low blood pressure, or surgery.	63
94496880	Dopamine Side Effects	Serious Reactions anaphylaxis hypotension bronchospasm atrial fibrillation extravasation necrosis gangrene ventricular arrhythmias (high dose use) Common Reactions tachycardia headache nausea vomiting anxiety HTN cardiac conduction disturbance vasoconstriction angina palpitations azotemia dyspnea	64
94496931	Epinephrine Class	inotropes/pressors, antiarrhythmics, anaphylaxis	65
94496932	Epinephrine Trade Name	EpiPen, Adrenalin	66
94496933	Epinephrine MOA	stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors (sympathomimetic)	67
94497029	Epinephrine Intended Action	Epinephrine is a chemical that narrows blood vessels and opens airways in the lungs. These effects can reverse severe low blood pressure, wheezing, severe skin itching, hives, and other symptoms of an allergic reaction.	68
94497030	Epinephrine Side Effects	Serious Reactions respiratory difficulty pulmonary edema arrhythmias HTN cerebral hemorrhage tissue necrosis (SC or IM use) Common Reactions palpitations tachycardia nausea/vomiting pallor diaphoresis dizziness weakness tremor headache apprehension nervousness anxiety restlessness	69
94497063	Eptifibatide Class	antiplatelets	70
94497064	Eptifibatide Trade Name	Integrilin	71
94497448	Eptifibatide MOA	reversibly binds to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors, reducing platelet aggregation	72
94497465	Eptifibatide Intended Action	Eptifibatide is used to prevent blood clots or heart attack in people with severe chest pain or other conditions, and in those who are undergoing a procedure called angioplasty (to open blocked arteries).	73
94497466	Eptifibatide Side Effects	Serious Reactions bleeding, severe intracranial hemorrhage thrombocytopenia thrombocytopenia, autoimmune anaphylaxis Common Reactions bleeding hypotension	74
94497467	Esmolol Class	beta-blockers, antiarrhythmics	75
94497468	Esmolol Trade Name	Brevibloc	76
94497469	Esmolol MOA	selectively antagonizes beta-1 adrenergic receptors	77
94497470	Esmolol Intended Action	Esmolol is used for the rapid control of ventricular rate.	78
94497471	Esmolol Side Effects	Serious Reactions bronchospasm hypotension, severe cardiac failure seizures Common Reactions hypotension infusion site rxn nausea dizziness somnolence confusion headache agitation	79
94497472	Etomidate Class	anesthetic	80
94497548	Etomidate Trade Name	Amidate	81
94497550	Etomidate MOA	exact mechanism of action unknown; may have GABA-like effects, depresses brain stem reticular formation activity and produces hypnosis	82
94497558	Etomidate Intended Action	induction of general anaesthesia and for sedation[1] for short procedures such as reduction of dislocated joints, tracheal intubation and cardioversion.	83
94497656	Etomidate Side Effects	Serious Reactions shock Common Reactions myoclonic movements, transient injection site pain tonic movements, transient averting movements nausea vomiting apnea	84
94497987	Fentanyl Class	opioid sedation, anesthesia adjunct	85
94498018	Fentanyl Trade Name	Duragesic, Sublimaze	86
94498020	Fentanyl MOA	binds to various opioid receptors, producing analgesia and sedation (opioid agonist)	87
94498021	Fentanyl Intended Action	Treats severe, ongoing pain that cannot be controlled with other medicines. This medicine is a narcotic pain reliever.	88
94498023	Fentanyl Side Effects	Serious Reactions respiratory depression respiratory arrest dependency, abuse bradycardia, severe hypotension, severe anaphylaxis laryngospasm bronchoconstriction muscle rigidity, severe cardiac arrest circulatory collapse arrhythmias ICP incr. delirium seizures paralytic ileus Common Reactions somnolence nausea vomiting confusion asthenia constipation xerostomia diaphoresis dizziness urinary retention nervousness euphoria hallucinations dyspnea pruritus hypotension bradycardia muscle rigidity biliary spasm impaired coordination	89
94498024	Fluconazole Class	antifungal	90
94498025	Fluconazole Trade Name	Diflucan	91
94499620	Fluconazole MOA	inhibits cytochrome p450 and sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation	92
94499621	Fluconazole Intended Action	Fluconazole is used to treat infections caused by fungus, which can invade any part of the body including the mouth, throat, esophagus, lungs, bladder, genital area, and the blood. Fluconazole is also used to prevent fungal infection in people with weak immune systems caused by cancer treatment, bone marrow transplant, or diseases such as AIDS.	93
94499623	Fluconazole Side Effects	Serious Reactions hepatotoxicity seizures leukopenia agranulocytosis thrombocytopenia angioedema anaphylaxis Stevens-Johnson syndrome toxic epidermal necrolysis QT prolongation torsades de pointes Common Reactions nausea headache rash vomiting abdominal pain diarrhea dyspepsia taste changes dizziness ALT, AST elevated	94
94499624	Furosemide Class	loop diuretic	95
94499625	Furosemide Trade Name	Lasix	96
94499628	Furosemide MOA	inhibits loop of Henle and proximal and distal convoluted tubule sodium and chloride resorption	97
94499629	Furosemide Intended Action	Furosemide treats fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder such as nephrotic syndrome. This medication is also used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).	98
94499630	Furosemide Side Effects	Serious Reactions hypokalemia, severe electrolyte imbalance, severe metabolic alkalosis hypovolemia/dehydration ototoxicity thrombocytopenia anemia, hemolytic aplastic anemia leukopenia agranulocytosis anaphylaxis vasculitis interstitial nephritis necrotizing angiitis erythema multiforme exfoliative dermatitis Stevens-Johnson syndrome toxic epidermal necrolysis pancreatitis cholestatic jaundice SLE exacerbation thrombosis eosinophilia rash w/ eosinophilia and systemic sx exanthematous pustulosis, acute generalized Common Reactions urinary frequency dizziness nausea/vomiting weakness muscle cramps hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hypotension, orthostatic ALT, AST elevated blurred vision anorexia abdominal cramps diarrhea pruritus rash hyperuricemia hyperglycemia hypocalcemia tinnitus paresthesia photosensitivity cholesterol incr. triglycerides incr.	99
94499631	Haloperidol Class	1st gen. antipsychotic	100
94499632	Haloperidol Trade Name	Haldol	101
94499633	Haloperidol MOA	exact mechanism of action unknown; selectively antagonizes dopamine D2 receptors (butyrophenone)	102
94499634	Haloperidol Intended Action	Haloperidol is used to treat schizophrenia. It is also used to control motor and speech tics in people with Tourette's syndrome.	103
94499638	Haloperidol Side Effects	Serious Reactions extrapyramidal sx, severe tardive dyskinesia dystonia hyperpyrexia heat stroke neuroleptic malignant syndrome pneumonia hypotension HTN QT prolongation torsades de pointes arrhythmias sudden death hyponatremia seizures hepatic impairment leukopenia neutropenia agranulocytosis cataracts retinopathy withdrawal sx if abrupt D/C (long-term use) Common Reactions extrapyramidal sx tardive dyskinesia akathisia insomnia anxiety drowsiness lethargy weight changes anticholinergic effects gynecomastia breast tenderness galactorrhea menstrual irregularities photosensitivity	104
94499639	Heparin Class	anticoagulant	105
94499640	Heparin Trade Name	PosiFlush	106
94499643	Heparin MOA	acts at multiple sites in coagulation process; binds to antithrombin III, catalyzing inactivation of thrombin and other clotting factors	107
94499645	Heparin Intended Action	Heparin is an anticoagulant (blood thinner) that prevents the formation of blood clots.	108
94499646	Heparin Side Effects	Serious Reactions hemorrhage thrombocytopenia, severe HIT/HITT incl. delayed onset hypersensitivity rxn anaphylactoid rxn neonatal gasping syndrome (benzyl alcohol-containing INJ forms) Common Reactions bleeding thrombocytopenia prolonged clotting time local injection site rxn hypersensitivity rxn urticaria fever rigors ALT, AST elevated osteoporosis (long-term use)	109
94499648	Labetalol Class	beta-blocker	110
94499649	Labetalol Trade Name	Trandate	111
94499650	Labetalol MOA	selectively antagonizes alpha-1 adrenergic receptors; antagonizes beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors (selective alpha and non-selective beta blocker)	112
94499651	Labetalol Intended Action	Labetalol is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure).	113
94499652	Labetalol Side Effects	Serious Reactions CHF bradycardia, severe syncope heart block angina exacerbation if abrupt D/C MI if abrupt D/C ventricular arrhythmia during tx and if abrupt D/C Raynaud phenomenon bronchospasm lupus erythematosus hepatotoxicity hypersensitivity rxn anaphylactoid rxn intraoperative floppy iris syndrome Common Reactions hypotension, orthostatic (IV use) dizziness paresthesia nausea/vomiting BUN, Cr elevated fatigue dyspepsia rhinitis headache ejaculatory dysfxn dyspnea edema	114
94499657	Levofloxacin Class	fluoroquinolone	115
94499658	Levofloxacin Trade Name	Levaquin	116
94499659	Levofloxacin MOA	bactericidal; inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV	117
94499732	Levofloxacin Intended Action	Levofloxacin is used to treat bacterial infections of the skin, sinuses, kidneys, bladder, or prostate. Levofloxacin is also used to treat bacterial infections that cause bronchitis or pneumonia, and to treat people who have been exposed to anthrax or plague.	118
94499733	Levofloxacin Side Effects	Serious Reactions anaphylaxis hypersensitivity rxn phototoxicity Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea superinfection ICP incr. seizures toxic psychosis depression suicidal ideation QT prolongation torsades de pointes skin rxn, severe vasculitis pneumonitis, hypersensitivity serum sickness nephrotoxicity hepatotoxicity myelosuppression blood dyscrasias peripheral neuropathy tendon rupture arthralgia/myalgia arthropathy (animal studies) myasthenia gravis exacerbation Common Reactions nausea headache diarrhea insomnia constipation dizziness abdominal pain vomiting dyspepsia tendinitis	119
94500003	Lidocaine Class	Antiarrhythmics, Anesthetics	120
94500004	Lidocaine Trade Name	Xylocaine	121
94500008	Lidocaine MOA	inhibits Na ion channels, stabilizing neuronal cell membranes and inhibiting nerve impulse initiation and conduction (amide local anesthetic); depresses action potential phase 0 (class IB antiarrhythmic)	122
94500127	Lidocaine Intended Action	Lidocaine injection is used to numb an area of your body to help reduce pain or discomfort caused by invasive medical procedures such as surgery, needle punctures, or insertion of a catheter or breathing tube. Lidocaine injection is also given in an epidural (spinal block) to reduce the discomfort of contractions during labor. Lidocaine injection is sometimes used to treat irregular heart rhythms that may signal a possible heart attack.	123
94500128	Lidocaine Side Effects	Serious Reactions seizures respiratory arrest arrhythmia exacerbation status asthmaticus heart block bradycardia coma anaphylaxis methemoglobinemia Common Reactions injection site pain lightheadedness tremor confusion hypotension blurred vision tinnitus anxiety dizziness euphoria drowsiness lethargy nausea vomiting agitation hallucinations	124
94500129	Linezolid Class	Antibacterials	125
94500130	Linezolid Trade Name	Zyvox	126
94500131	Linezolid MOA	bactericidal (strep) and bacteriostatic (staph, enterococci); binds to 50S ribosomal subunit, interfering w/ protein synthesis	127
94500132	Linezolid Intended Action	Linezolid is used to treat different types of bacterial infections, such pneumonia, skin infections, and infections that are resistant to other antibiotics.	128
94500133	Linezolid Side Effects	diarrhea headache nausea HTN rash vomiting anemia thrombocytopenia fever URI	129
94500134	Lorazepam Class	Benzodiazepine	130
94500135	Lorazepam Trade Name	Ativan	131
94500136	Lorazepam MOA	binds to benzodiazepine receptors; enhances GABA effects	132
94500137	Lorazepam Intended Action	Lorazepam is used to treat anxiety disorders.	133
94500139	Lorazepam Side Effects	sedation dizziness asthenia ataxia local injection site rxn respiratory depression hypoventilation (IV use) hypotension fatigue amnesia confusion disinhibition irritability libido changes menstrual irregularities diplopia dysarthria appetite changes constipation incontinence urinary retention dystonia ALT, AST elevated	134
94500140	Mannitol Class	Osmotic Diuretics (Neurological)	135
94500151	Mannitol Trade Name	Osmitrol	136
94500154	Mannitol MOA	elevates glomerular filtrate osmolarity (osmotic diuretic)	137
94500155	Mannitol Intended Action	Mannitol is also used to reduce swelling and pressure inside the eye or around the brain.	138
94500156	Mannitol Side Effects	headache nausea vomiting polyuria dizziness rash blurred vision thrombophlebitis fluid imbalance electrolyte disorders acidosis dehydration thirst urticaria hypotension tachycardia	139
94500157	Methylprednisolone Class	Systemic Corticosteroids	140
94500161	Methylprednisolone Trade Name	Medrol	141
94500162	Methylprednisolone MOA	exact mechanism of anti-inflammatory action unknown; inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines; produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects	142
94500163	Methylprednisolone Intended Action	Methylprednisolone is used to treat many different conditions such as allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, or breathing disorders.	143
94500164	Methylprednisolone Side Effects	sodium and fluid retention sweating incr. headache vertigo insomnia nervousness mood swings edema muscle weakness BP elevated glucose intolerance petechiae/ecchymosis facial erythema menstrual irregularities hypokalemia IOP incr. impaired wound healing (long-term use) Cushing syndrome skin pigmentation abnormality hirsutism urticaria	144
94500165	Metoprolol Class	Beta Blocker	145
94500168	Metoprolol Trade Name	Lopressor, Toprol	146
94501061	Metoprolol MOA	selectively antagonizes beta-1 adrenergic receptors	147
94501062	Metoprolol Intended Action	Metoprolol is used to treat angina (chest pain) and hypertension (high blood pressure). It is also used to treat or prevent heart attack.	148
94501063	Metoprolol Side Effects	fatigue dizziness diarrhea pruritus rash depression dyspnea bradycardia	149
94501064	Metoclopramide Class	Prokinetics: N/V	150
94501076	Metoclopramide Trade Name	Reglan, Metozolv	151
94501077	Metoclopramide MOA	exact mechanism of action unknown; sensitizes tissues to acetylcholine, stimulating upper GI tract motility; antagonizes central and peripheral dopamine receptors, producing antiemetic effects	152
94501080	Metoclopramide Intended Action	Metoclopramide is used short-term to treat heartburn caused by gastroesophageal reflux in people who have used other medications without relief of symptoms. Metoclopramide is also used to treat slow gastric emptying in people with diabetes (also called diabetic gastroparesis), which can cause nausea, vomiting, heartburn, loss of appetite, and a feeling of fullness after meals.	153
94501081	Metoclopramide Side Effects	drowsiness restlessness fatigue anxiety insomnia headache confusion dizziness depression extrapyramidal sx galactorrhea amenorrhea gynecomastia hyperprolactinemia impotence hyperaldosteronism fluid retention hypotension HTN bradycardia nausea diarrhea urinary frequency incontinence rash urticaria visual disturbance	154
94501082	Metronidazole Class	Antiparasitics	155
94501083	Metronidazole Trade Name	Flagyl	156
94501084	Metronidazole MOA	exact mechanism of action unknown; disrupts DNA and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis	157
94501086	Metronidazole Intended Action	Metronidazole is used to treat bacterial infections of the vagina, stomach, skin, joints, and respiratory tract. This medication will not treat a vaginal yeast infection.	158
94501087	Metronidazole Side Effects	nausea vomiting epigastric discomfort diarrhea metallic taste rash headache dizziness dark, red-brown urine candidiasis thrombophlebitis (IV use)	159
94501088	Midazolam Class	Benzodiazepine; Sedation	160
94501089	Midazolam Trade Name	Versed	161
94501094	Midazolam MOA	binds to benzodiazepine receptors; enhances GABA effects	162
94501095	Midazolam Intended Action	Midazolam is used to sedate a person who is having a minor surgery, dental work, or other medical procedure.	163
94501098	Midazolam Side Effects	sedation nausea vomiting injection site pain hiccups hypotension agitation dystonia amnesia diplopia disinhibition confusion ataxia weakness dysarthria euphoria rash	164
94501099	Naloxone Class	Toxicity	165
94501100	Naloxone Trade name	Narcan	166
94501101	Naloxone MOA	antagonizes various opioid receptors (opioid antagonist)	167
94501105	Naloxone Intended Action	Naloxone is used to reverse the effects of narcotic drugs used during surgery or to treat pain. Naloxone may also be used to treat narcotic drug overdose or to diagnose narcotic drug addiction.	168
94501114	Naloxone Side Effects	tachycardia HTN hypotension nausea vomiting tremor withdrawal sx diaphoresis pulmonary edema irritability (peds pts)	169
94501115	Nicardipine Class	Calcium Channel Blockers	170
94501116	Nicardipine Trade Name	Cardene	171
94501117	Nicardipine MOA	inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium	172
94501118	Nicardipine Intended Action	Nicardipine is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina (chest pain).	173
94501119	Nicardipine Side Effects	headache peripheral edema dizziness flushing asthenia angina hypotension nausea/vomiting tachycardia palpitations	174
94501123	Nitroglycerin Class	Nitrates: Vasodilators	175
94501124	Nitroglycerin Trade Name	NitroStat, NitroMyst, Nitrolingual	176
94501133	Nitroglycerin MOA	stimulates cGMP production, resulting in vascular smooth muscle relaxation	177
94501135	Nitroglycerin Intended Action	Nitroglycerin is used to treat or prevent attacks of chest pain (angina).	178
94501136	Nitroglycerin Side Effects	headache lightheadedness dizziness flushing hypotension, orthostatic reflex tachycardia edema burning oral sensation (SL use) tingling oral sensation (SL use)	179
94501137	Nitroprusside Class	Nitrates: Vasodilators	180
94501140	Nitroprusside Trade Name	Nitropress	181
94501179	Nitroprusside MOA	directly dilates peripheral vessels	182
94501180	Nitroprusside Intended Action	Nitroprusside is used to treat congestive heart failure and life-threatening high blood pressure (hypertension). Nitroprusside is also used to keep blood pressure low during a surgery.	183
94501188	Nitroprusside Side Effects	nausea dizziness restlessness abdominal pain headache diaphoresis reflex tachycardia muscle twitching acidosis ileus bradycardia Cr elevated flushing rash	184
94501193	Norepinephrine Class	Inotropes/Pressors	185
94502129	Norepinephrine Trade Name	Levophed	186
94502130	Norepinephrine MOA	stimulates alpha and beta-1 adrenergic receptors; produces inotropic and vasopressor effects	187
94502131	Norepinephrine Intended Action	Norepinephrine is used to treat life-threatening low blood pressure (hypotension) that can occur with certain medical conditions or surgical procedures. This medication is often used during CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation).	188
94502268	Norepinephrine Side Effects	headache anxiety bradycardia dyspnea	189
94502371	Ondansetron Class	N/V	190
94502375	Ondansetron Trade Name	Zofran	191
94502376	Ondansetron MOA	selectively antagonizes serotonin 5-HT3 receptors	192
94502378	Ondansetron Intended Action	Ondansetron is used to prevent nausea and vomiting that may be caused by surgery or by medicine to treat cancer (chemotherapy or radiation).	193
94502379	Ondansetron Side Effects	headache constipation fatigue diarrhea hypoxia fever urinary retention dizziness agitation pruritus	194
94502381	Pantoprazole Class	Proton Pump Inhibitors	195
94502383	Pantoprazole Trade Name	Protonix	196
94502557	Pantoprazole MOA	inhibits gastric parietal cell hydrogen-potassium ATPase (proton pump inhibitor)	197
94503171	Pantoprazole Intended Action	Pantoprazole is used to treat erosive esophagitis (damage to the esophagus from stomach acid), and other conditions involving excess stomach acid such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.	198
94503329	Pantoprazole Side Effects	headache diarrhea thrombophlebitis (IV use) abdominal pain nausea/vomiting URI sx (peds pts) fever (peds pts) rash (peds pts) dizziness flatulence arthralgia ALT, AST elevated	199
94503333	Phenylephrine Class	Decongestants	200
94503334	Phenylephrine Trade Name	Sudafed	201
94503337	Phenylephrine MOA	stimulates smooth muscle alpha adrenergic receptors, producing vasoconstriction and reducing nasal congestion (sympathomimetic)	202
94503338	Phenylephrine Intended Action	Used as a decongestant and as a vasopressor in patients with severe hypotension/shock.	203
94503339	Phenylephrine Side Effects	insomnia nausea headache dizziness CNS stimulation anxiety palpitations reflex bradycardia BP elevated tremor urinary retention	204
94503340	Pentobarbital Class	Anxiolytics, Sedation	205
94503412	Pentobarbital Trade Name	Nembutal	206
94503549	Pentobarbital MOA	alters sensory cortex, cerebellar, and motor activities; produces sedation, hypnosis, and anesthesia (barbiturate)	207
94503550	Pentobarbital Intended Action	Pentobarbital is used short-term to treat insomnia. Pentobarbital is also used as an emergency treatment for seizures, and to cause you to fall asleep for surgery.	208
94503558	Pentobarbital Side Effects	somnolence agitation confusion hyperkinesia ataxia CNS depression hallucinations dizziness apnea bradycardia hypotension syncope nausea vomiting constipation headache	209
94503626	Phenytoin Class	Seizure Disorders	210
94503629	Phenytoin Trade Name	Dilantin	211
94503638	Phenytoin MOA	modulates neuronal voltage-dependent sodium and calcium channels	212
94503639	Phenytoin Intended Action	Phenytoin is used to control seizures. Phenytoin does not treat all types of seizures, and your doctor will determine if it is the right medication for you.	213
94503640	Phenytoin Side Effects	nausea vomiting rash nystagmus ataxia slurred speech dizziness confusion paresthesia blurred vision somnolence constipation headache insomnia gingival hyperplasia taste changes tremor lymphadenopathy coarse facies hyperglycemia osteomalacia phlebitis (IV use) Peyronie dz	214
94504010	Piperacillin-tazobactam Class	Extended-Spectrum Penicillins	215
94504150	Piperacillin-tazobactam Trade Name	Zosyn	216
94504151	Piperacillin-tazobactam MOA	bactericidal; piperacillin inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis; tazobactam inhibits beta-lactamases, added for synergistic effect	217
94504152	Piperacillin-tazobactam Intended Action	The combination of piperacillin and tazobactam is used to treat many different infections caused by bacteria, such as urinary tract infections, bone and joint infections, severe vaginal infections, stomach infections, skin infections, and pneumonia.	218
94504291	Piperacillin-tazobactam Side Effects	diarrhea headache constipation nausea insomnia rash vomiting dyspepsia pruritus fever agitation electrolyte abnormalities LFTs elevated	219
94504294	Propofol Class	Sedation, Anesthetics	220
94504295	Propofol Trade Name	Diprivan	221
94504299	Propofol MOA	induces hypnosis	222
94504742	Propofol Intended Action	Propofol is used to help you relax before and during general anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedure. Propofol is also used in critically ill patients who require a breathing tube connected to a ventilator (a machine that moves air in and out of the lungs when a person cannot breathe on their own).	223
94504743	Propofol Side Effects	injection site rxn hypotension involuntary muscle movements resp. acidosis during weaning hyperlipidemia rash pruritus	224
94504744	Succinylcholine Class	Neuromuscular Blockers	225
94504746	Succinylcholine Trade Name	Anectine	226
94504749	Succinylcholine MOA	stimulates motor endplate acetylcholine receptors (depolarizing neuromuscular blocker)	227
94504753	Succinylcholine Intended Action	Relaxes your muscles during surgery or intubation (having a breathing tube put into your throat).	228
94504754	Succinylcholine Side Effects	myalgia, postop muscle fasciculation jaw rigidity IOP elevated HTN hypotension bradycardia tachycardia sialorrhea rash	229
94504755	Tobramycin Sulfate Class	Aminoglycosides	230
94504757	Tobramycin Sulfate Trade Name	Nebcin	231
94505044	Tobramycin Sulfate MOA	bactericidal; binds to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis	232
94505045	Tobramycin Sulfate Intended Action	Tobramycin injection is used to treat bacterial infections of the skin, heart, stomach, brain and spinal cord, respiratory system, and urinary tract. It is also used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Tobramycin injection is sometimes used together with other antibiotics.	233
94505046	Tobramycin Sulfate Side Effects	BUN, Cr elevated dizziness vertigo tinnitus hearing loss injection site rxn	234
94505047	Vancomycin Class	Other antibacterials	235
94505048	Vancomycin Trade Name	Vancocin	236
94505049	Vancomycin MOA	bactericidal; inhibits cell wall synthesis; inhibits RNA synthesis	237
94505050	Vancomycin Intended Action	Vancomycin is used to treat infections of the intestines that cause colitis (inflammation of the large intestine).	238
94505146	Vancomycin Side Effects	red-man syndrome (rapid IV use) hypotension (rapid IV use) fever nausea rigors eosinophilia rash urticaria phlebitis tinnitus dizziness/vertigo BUN, Cr elevated vomiting (PO use) flatulence (PO use)	239
94505147	Vasopressin Class	Diabetes Insipidus, ACLS	240
94505428	Vasopressin Trade Name	Pitressin	241
94505429	Vasopressin MOA	acts like ADH; directly stimulates smooth muscle V1 receptors, resulting in vasoconstriction	242
94505430	Vasopressin Intended Action	Vasopressin helps prevent the loss of water from the body by reducing urine output and helping the kidneys reabsorb water in the body. Vasopressin also raises blood pressure by constricting (narrowing) blood vessels.	243
94505576	Vasopressin Side Effects	abdominal cramps nausea diaphoresis perioral pallor tremor headache flatulence vertigo vomiting diarrhea uterine cramps rash fever urticaria	244
94505577	Vecuronium Class	Neuromuscular Blockers	245
94505578	Vecuronium Trade Name	Norcuron	246
94505579	Vecuronium MOA	antagonizes motor endplate acetylcholine receptors (non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker)	247
94505581	Vecuronium Intended Action	Vecuronium is given before general anesthesia in preparing you for surgery. Vecuronium helps keep your body still during surgery. It also relaxes your throat so a breathing tube can be more easily inserted before the surgery.	248
94505582	Vecuronium Side Effects	muscle weakness	249
94505583	3% Sodium Chloride Class	Hydration	250
94505584	3% Sodium Chloride Trade Name	Hypertonic Saline	251
94505585	3% Sodium Chloride MOA	Particle Osmosis	252
94505586	3% Sodium Chloride Intended Action	Push fluids into the intravascular space from the interstitial space.	253
94505587	3% Sodium Chloride Side Effects	febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia.	254

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The Golgi Apparatus: Shipping & Receiving Centre Flashcards

This is also part of the Cell Structure and Function lesson. Includes descriptions of the Golgi and the function of it.

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1839766904	The Golgi apparatus consists of flattened membranous sacs-_____________-looking like a stack of pita bread.	cisternae	0
1839766905	Vesicles concentrated in the vicinity of the Golgi apparatus are engaged in the _________ of material between parts of the Golgi and other structures.	transfer	1
1839766906	Two sides of a Golgi stack are referred to as the ______ face and the ________ face; these respectively, are the receiving shipping departments of the Golgi apparatus.	cis; trans	2
1839766907	The cis face is usually located ______ the Golgi apparatus.	near	3
1839766908	the trans face gives rise to ________ that pinch off ad travel to other sites	rise	4
1840487682	products of the endoplasmic reticulum are usually modified ________ their transit from the cis region to the trans region of the Golgi apparatus.	during	5
1840487683	In addition to its finishing work, the Golgi apparatus also manufactures some macromolecules.	g	6

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amendments 1-27 V.2 Flashcards

Sixth Amendment the constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial.
Seventh Amendment In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
Eighth Amendment gives us the right to bail or they can stay in jail until their trial, no unreasonable bail, forbids cruel and unusual punishment
Ninth Amendment makes clear that the rights spelled in Constitution are not the only rights for Americans
Tenth Amendment Amendment stating that the powers not delegated to the federal gov. are reserved to the states
Eleventh Amendment Restrictions of federal lawsuits
Twelfth Amendment electors vote separately for President and Vice President
Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery
Fourteenth Amendment made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the country
Fifteenth Amendment a constitutional amendment that gave African American men the right to vote
Sixteenth Amendment The constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax.
Seventeenth Amendment direct election of senators
Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote in 1920
Twentieth Amendment shortened the time between the election and inauguration day, also called the "Lame Duck Amendment," it changed the inauguration date from March 4 to January 20 for president and vice president, and to January 3 for senators and representatives
Twenty First Amendment repealed prohibition

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2257927693	1	freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition, and religion	0
2257927694	2	right to bear arms	1
2257927695	3	no quartering of soldiers in private houses during times of peace or war	2
2257927696	4	right to privacy: have to have a search warrant or probable cause to search, protects you from unreasonbale serach and seizure of your home and property	3
2257927697	5	The constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.	4
2257927698	6	the constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial.	5
2257927699	7	In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, Guarantying civil trial by jury.	6
2257927700	8	gives us the right to bail or they can stay in jail until their trial, no unreasonable bail, forbids cruel and unusual punishment	7
2257927701	9	makes clear that the rights spelled in Constitution are not the only rights for Americans	8
2257927702	10	Amendment stating that the powers not delegated to the federal gov. are reserved to the states	9
2257927703	11	establishes the jurisdiction of the supreme court	10
2257927704	12	Beginning in 1804, electors would vote separately for President and Vice President	11
2257927705	13	abolished slavery	12
2257927706	14	made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the country	13
2257927707	15	a constitutional amendment that gave African American men the right to vote	14
2257927708	16	The constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax.	15
2257927709	17	- direct election of senators - previously elected by state legislature - party bosses are still able to control elections	16
2257927710	18	prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages	17
2257927711	19	granted women the right to vote in 1920	18
2257927712	20	Constitutional amendment moving presidential inauguration from March to January	19
2257927713	21	repealed the 18th Amendment in 1933	20
2257927714	22	establishes term limits for the president	21
2257927715	23	washington D.C gains electoral votes	22
2257927716	24	ends poll tax	23
2257927717	25	clarifies presidential succession	24
2257927718	26	lowers the voting age to 18	25
2257927719	27	legislators can give themselves raises in election years	26

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Great Depression & New Deal Revision Flashcards

In 1929, the stock market crash spelled an end to the prosperity of the 1920s. The stock market crash marked the beginning of a period of economic hard times known as the Great Depression which lasted through the 1930s. During the 1920s, Many Americans had seen how some had gotten rich by investing in the stock market. They wanted to invest, too. Stock brokers made it easier to buy stock on credit by paying as little as 10% and owing the rest. This was known as buying on margin. When the stock market started going down, those who had bought stock on margin panicked and sold their stock crashing the market. The effects of the crash spread through the economy as more and more businesses and banks failed, factories closed, and many people became unemployed. By 1930, the nation was sinking into the worst economic depression in its history. Hoover did little to help the economy or those hurt by the depression, and many Americans began to blame him for the Great Depression and not helping those in need. The shanty towns of unemployed came to be known as Hoovervilles.
In 1932, voters chose Franklin Roosevelt as President. FDR promised a new deal for Americans. In the years ahead, he tried out many programs. Together, they were called the New Deal. The New Deal was a great departure from the policies of previous Presidents. The New Deal was based on the concept that the government had a responsibility for helping those in need and getting involved in the economy. The first problem Roosevelt tackled was the banks. He declared a bank holiday closing the banks and then allowed only those in sound financial shape to reopen. To reassure the public and let them know what the government was doing to help Roosevelt gave a series of radio broadcasts known as fireside chats. The New Deal had three many goals; relief for the unemployed, recovery to get businesses and factories going again, and reform to prevent another depression.

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2282225452	Works Progress Administration (WPA)	Hires jobless people to build public buildings and parks.	0
2282225453	New Deal	program of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to end the Great Depression	1
2282225454	Pros of Roosevelt's New Deal	- Government has a duty to help all citizens. - The New Deal helped the nation through the worst days of the Great Depression. - At a time when people in other countries turned to dictators to solve problems, the New Deal saved the Nation's democratic system.	2
2282225455	Con of Roosevelt's New Deal	- Government should not interfere in business or in people's private lives. - New Deal spending led to increases in the national debt. - The New Deal did not end the Great Depression.	3
2282225456	FDR	Roosevelt during the Depression and WWII. He instituted the New Deal. He was the only president in U.S. history to be elected to four terms	4
2282225457	AAA	Agricultural Adjustment Administration: attempted to regulate agricultural production through farm subsidies; ruled unconstitutional in 1936; disbanded after World War II	5
2282225458	TVA	(Tennessee Valley Authority Act) Relief, Recover, and Reform. one of the most important acts that built a hyro-electric dam for a needed area.	6
2282225459	Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)	imployed millions of young men to plant trees and improve the environment during the Great Depression	7
2282225460	Social Security	Any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an adequate or no income	8
2282225461	The three R's (Relief, Recovery, Reform)	Relief, Recovery, and Reform; FRD tried to address the Great Depression	9
2282225462	Causes of the Great Depression	- Factories and farms produce more goods than people can buy. - Banks make loans that borrowers cannot pay back. - After the stock market crash, many businesses cannot find people who will invest in their growth.	10
2282225463	Effects of the Great Depression	- Many banks fail. - Many businesses and factories fail. - Millions of Americans are out of work. - Many are homeless and hungry. - Families break up and people suffer	11
2282225464	buying on margin	practice that allows people to buy stock with a down payment of a portion of the value	12
2282225465	Works Progress Administration (WPA)	Hires jobless people to build public buildings and parks.	13
2282225466	National Recovery Administration [NRA]	government agency set up during the Great Depression to enforce new codes designed to stabilize industry	14
2282225467	Dust Storm	region in the central Great Plains that was hit by a severe drought	15
2282225468	deficit spending	1. spending more money than it collects in taxes (this results in government debt)	16
2282225469	Social Security Act	1. gives money to retirees, the unemployed, people with disabilities, and families with dependent children	17
2282225470	Laissez Faire Policy	Hands off. No government intervention in business. Free market/free trade	18
2282225471	Hoover during the Great Depression	believed in volunteer efforts by business and little government intervention, neither helped the Depression.	19
2282225472	FDR during the depression	created the new deal and systems that helped boost the economy and expand the government.	20
2282225473	changes in government during the Great Depression and New Deal era	Federal government was greatly expanded during the Depression, making great efforts to help the local governments and its citizens throughout the new deals, social security, fdic, etc.	21
2282225474	How depression ended	WW2 started-European countries needed jeeps and other goods and economy increased and men went to war after Pearl Harbor which created jobs.	22
2282225475	Conservative Thoughts during the 1930's	Provide tax relief, loans, and encouragement ot businesses. Discourage federal aid to the poor. Instead, encourage private charities and local and state governments to organize and provide poverty relief. Balance the budget to maintain financial stability. Increase tariffs (taxes) to protect American businesses from foreign competition.	23
2282225476	Liberal thoughts during the 1930's	Increase taxes on the income of the wealthy. Provide direct federal relief to the poor. Make a massive federal commitment to public works to provide jobs and encourage economic growth. Provide aid to farmers in the form of loans and payments to take crops out of production until prices for agricultural goods stabilize.	24
2282225477	Emergency Banking Relief Act	Within one month, the government would make 100 banks go back in business	25
2282225478	How did Roosevelt gain support?	by using fireside chats	26
2282225479	Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)	Limited fraud in the stock market	27
2282225480	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)	Gave insurance to banks	28
2282225481	How did FDR try to eliminate debts?	Buying up home loans and loaning money to farmers to pay their mortgages	29
2282225482	Relief	Fix unemployment and poverty	30
2282225483	Recovery	Bring back faith in the banks and economy	31
2282225484	Reform	Fix the problems that caused the Great Depression	32
2282225485	Bank Holidays	Closing banks to stop people from taking money out	33
2282225486	Bank runs	People were running to banks to take their money out before the bank collapsed	34
2282225487	How many people were out of jobs?	1 out of 4	35
2282225488	Progressives	Government should be involves in the economy	36
2282225489	Teddy Roosevelt Supporters	business and government should work together to end the Depression	37
2282225490	Woodrow Wilson Supporters	Believed in Laissez Faire, but wanted government to break up trusts and monopolies	38
2282225491	What was important about FDR's 1st 100 days in office?	15 new laws were made to fix many problems, every president since has been compared to him	39
2282225492	What were the 2nd 100 days?	Gave Americans security	40
2282225493	Agricultural Adjustment Administration	Paid farmers to not produce so much food, that way the prices would rise	41
2282225494	National Industrial Recovery Act	set hours, wages, and prices for workers	42
2282225495	What is Keynsain Economics?	spend more to fix the economy	43
2282225496	Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA)	Gave money to states and towns to help with the Great Depression	44
2282225497	Public Works Administration (PWA)	Helped construction workers get jobs doing public projects (highways, bridges, sewers)	45
2282225498	Civil Works Administration (CWA)	Men and women paid by federal government to do public projects	46
2282225499	Father Coughlin	Demorat who didn't approve of the New Deal and used the radio to gain support for FDR	47
2282225500	American Liberty League	formed by conservative business leaders to oppose the new deal programs	48
2282225501	What is the purpose of the FDIC?	To provide insurance to the banks	49
2282225502	What was the SEC	Regulate the stock market	50
2282225503	Criticisms of the New Deal	left wing: Not enough government involvement, taxes should be places on the wealthy, government should control the banks	51
2282225504	Who was Huey Long?	decided that no person can have more than a few million dollars and that you have to give the rest of your money to the government	52
2282225505	The National Recovery Act	gave government power to place regulations on state businesses and declared unconstitutional because that was the job of congress, not the president	53
2282225506	The Court Packing Plan	Roosevelt's new bill stated that 1. He gets to appoint a new judge of his choosing for every judge that had reached the age of 70 and didn't retire 2. The bill would allow FDR to add 6 new judges, all liberal, who would support him	54
2282225507	The Roosevelt Recession	FDR's court plan was not approved by congress and he lost popularity, the supreme court did lighten up on the New Deal plan	55
2282225508	1937	Unemployment goes back up when Roosevelt cuts PWA and WPA and slows gout spending	56
2282225509	Efforts of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt	fought for social reform for women and African Americans	57
2282225510	Was the New Deal a good deal?	Yes, because the national debt went down, the federal government became more powerful in the lives of people and businesses, people viewed the government as their protector in times of trouble	58
2282225511	For the first time,	the government played a role in helping the citizens	59
2282225512	People began to..	expect the government to be there to help them instead of laissez Faire.	60
2282225513	The New Deal did not..	end the Great Depression, but changes the role and size of the federal government (government runs the whole country, not just state)	61
2282225514	The Dust Bowl	Great Plains struck by a massive draught, top soil blown away and wheat became unable to grow, unable to farm, many head west to work elsewhere	62

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Exploring Social Psychology -Myers Flashcards

Modules 22-31

Terms : Hide Images

1948614881	Prejudice	A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members	0
1948614882	Stereotype	A generalized belief about a group of people	1
1948614883	Discrimination	An unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group.	2
1948614884	Racism	An individual's prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race	3
1948614885	Sexism	Attitudes or behavior based on traditional stereotypes of sexual roles.	4
1948614886	ethnocentric	Believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups	5
1948614887	Authoritarian Personality	A personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status	6
1948614888	Realistic group conflict theory	The theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources	7
1948614889	social identity	The "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships.	8
1948614890	ingroup	"Us" - people with whom one shares a common identity	9
1948614891	outgroup	"THEM"- those perceived as different or apart from ones ingroup	10
1948614892	ingroup bias	The tendency to favor one's own group	11
1948614893	terror management	A theory which deals with how we cope with the threat of death by defending our world view of values and beliefs	12
1948614894	outgroup homogeneity effect	Perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than are ingroup members. Thus "they are alike; we are diverse."	13
1948614895	own-race bias	the tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race	14
1948614896	just-world phenomenon	The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get	15
1948614897	subtyping	accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by thinking of them as "exceptions to the rule"	16
1948614898	subgrouping	accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group	17
1948614899	sterotype threat	A disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. Unlike self-fulfilling prophecies that hammer one's reputation into one's self-concept, stereotype threat situations have immediate effects.	18
1948614900	aggression	Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.	19
1948614901	intrumental aggression	aggression to achieve some goal (aggression in sports)	20
1948614902	frustration	Blocking of a goal-directed behavior	21
1948614903	displacement	Directing anger toward someone or onto another, less threatening (safer) substitute.	22
1948614904	social learning theory	An approach that emphasizes the role of modeling, or observational learning, in the development of behavior.	23
1948614905	catharsis	...	24
1948614906	prosocial behavior	Positive, constructive, helpful behavior	25
1948614907	proximity	Geographic nearness is a powerfully predicts liking	26
1948614908	mere-exposure effect	The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them.	27
1948614909	matching phenomenon	The tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a "good match" in attractiveness and other traits.	28
1948614910	physical-attractiveness sterotype	what is attractive is good	29
1948614911	complementarity	people complete each other	30
1948614912	need to belong	motivation to bond and feel needed	31
1948614913	passionate love	A state of intesnse longing for union with another. Passionate lovers are absorebed in each other, feel ecstatic at attaining their partner's love, and are disconsolate on losing it	32
1948614914	two-factor theory of emotion	Arousal x Its label = Emotion	33
1948614915	companionate love	- the affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwine	34
1948614916	equity	get out what they put in	35
1948614917	self-disclosure	Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others	36
1948614918	disclosure reciprocity	the tendency for one person's intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner	37
1948614919	social trap	a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior	38
1948614920	non-zero-sum games	games in which outcomes need not sum to zero. With cooperation, both can win; with competition, both can lose	39
1948614921	mirror-image perception	viewing each other as the bad guy and themselves as right	40
1951266593	equal-status contact	Contact on an equal basis. Just as a relationship between people of unequal status breeds attitudes consistent with their relationship, so do relationships between those of equal status. Thus, to reduce prejudice, interracial contact should be between persons equal in status.	41
1951266594	superordinate goal	Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.	42
1951266595	mediation	A third-party conflict resolution process that involves counseling parties while maintaining control over both process and outcome	43
1951266596	arbitration	Agreement through contract by the parties to resolve dispute through a neutral decision maker	44
1951266597	integrative agreements	win-win agreements that reconcile both parties' interests to their mutual benefit	45
1951266598	GRIT	Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions	46
1951266599	altruisum	selflessness	47
1951266600	social-exchange theory	the theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's rewards and minimize one's costs	48
1951266601	reciprocity norm	An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them	49
1951266602	social-responsibility norm	An expectation that people will help those needing help	50
1951266603	bystander effect	the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present	51
1951266604	adaptation-level phenomenon	to adapt to a given level of stimulation and to notice/react to changes from that level	52

551542424	1873 Linda Richards	1st trained RN in US; developed nursing note	0
551542425	1879 Mary Mahoney	1st professionally trained African American nurse	1
551542426	1882	Clara Barton- American Red Cross	2
551542427	1893 Lillian Wald & Mary Brewster	Henry Street Establishment for the poor people in New York City	3
551542428	1896	the American Nurses Association founded	4
551542429	1900	American Journal of Nursing first published	5
551542430	1903	the first RN license, State Practice Act	6
551542431	1912	Nation League of Nursing; The US Public Health Service	7
551542432	1955	1st male commissioned a military RN	8
551542433	1974	American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN) was founded	9
551542434	1977	ANA declares "Year of the Nurse"; using the theory to practice	10
551542435	1994	135 million American enrolled in managed care insurnce plans	11
551542436	1996	Pew Report & Institute of Medicine report an impending nursing shortage	12
551542437	2001	nursing practice mirror society changes; bioterroism, emerging infections, disaster management	13
551542438	2001 Nursing Code of Ethics revised	reflects current issues affecting the health care delivery system	14
551542439	Nation League of Nursing (NLN)	governs nursing education	15
551542440	American Nursing Association (ANA)	political body for nurses; political & practice arm	16
551542441	Specialty Organizations	develops policy & standards	17
551542442	Professional Characteristics	basically intellectual w/ high responsibility, body of knowledge that is learned, applied, taught by professinal education, strong internal organization, & motivated by altruism	18
551542443	Nursing defined by ANA (2003)	is the protection, promotion, & optimization of health & abilities, prevention of illness & injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis & treatment of human response, & adovcacy in the care of individuals,families communities, & populations	19
551542444	Nursing is an Art	compassionate, caring delivery	20
551542445	compassionate	guides the actions of assessment, planning, interventon, & evaluation	21
551542446	caring deliverly	facilitate health healing; a commitment to common good & health	22
551542447	Nursing is a Science	evidenced based practice-research based info in nursing decision making, scientific body of knowledge-used to transform inputs & outputs	23
551542448	Nursing	caring profession, provides for the needs of others- Maslow=needs, displays empathy-feel another's pain, & actively involved in curative processes	24
551542449	Nursing Education	Hosptial Diploma Program 4 mth- less & less of them, Associate degree (ADN)- 2 or 3 years, Baccalaureate Degree (BSN)- 4 years, Advanced Degree (APN)- provides speical care to selected population i.e. certified nurse midwife, RN anesthetist, nurse practitioner, & clincial nurse specialist	25
551542450	Nursing Education-Certifications	attesting or endorsing the demonstrated knowledge base & clinical practice behaviors associated w/ high quality performance in an area of speicalization	26
551542451	Countinuing Education (CEU's)	required for a licensed profession in order for the professional to maintain the license.	27
551542452	Life-long learning	to get journals to keep a nurse healthy in nursing	28
551542453	Nursing Autonomy	willingness to take risks & be accountable for actions	29
551542454	Nurse Practice Act	to protect the public; Regulates licenseure of RN's, LPN's, & certification of UAP; unique to each state	30
551542455	Licensure: NCLEX-RN	a minimum standard of knowledge for nursing practice	31
551542456	Why study nursing history?	It repeats itself	32
551542457	Recurrent Issues in Nursing	nursing shortages- utilization of nurses, public's image of nurses, low economic reward- pay rate, conflict btw service towards others & economic remuneration(pay), education requirements for entry level RN since 1975, & specialty certifications	33
551542458	Recurrent Issues in Nursing Workplace	license requirements- Education, nursing roles/responsibilties use of UAP's adaptation to societal needs diversity in the pateints & workplace, & access to care	34
551542459	Florence Nightingale	nurse during the Crimean War(1853-1856); looking at infection control	35
551542460	Critical Thinking	essential to nursing practice, interpretation of clinical situations, complex decision making, clinical judgement based on fact, experience, & standard of care	36
551542461	Nursing Process	AD PIE Assessement-gathering & validating client health data, strengths, risks, & concerns Digagnosis/analysis- processing client data & indentifying appropriate nursing diagnoses Planning- designing strageties to solve indentified problems & build on client strengths Implementation- delivering & documenting the planned care Evaluaton- determining the effectiveness of care delivered	37
551542462	Nursing Team	RN, LPN, & UAP (tech & CNA)	38
551542463	RN	in depth knowledge & skills in teaching, communication & management provides care based on theory, w/ knowledge of expected growth/development principles, prevention & early detection of health problems	39
551542464	RN roles	accountable for comprehensive care of the patients on a team (supervises RN, LPN, UAP), autonomous-full command of expert knowledge & allowing for accountability & authority in decision making, utilizes the nursing process & critical thinking	40
551542465	LPN	under the supervision, provides competent care for clients w/ commonly occuring health probelms w/ predictable outcomes assess clients; collect/ organize relevant data; assists in identification of health needs & problems thoughout the life span	41
551542466	LPN roles	understands the disease process, knows when to notify the RN for clinical changes in the patient, follows the nursing care plan to provide the care as outlined, & supervises other LPN's & UAP's	42
551542467	UAP or CNA	performs duties under the supervision of an RN or LPN, supervises other UAP's performs activities of daliy living, comfort measures, some speicalized duties based on local policy & training	43
551542468	Health Insurance Portability & Accountablity Act (HIPAA)	privacy component of transmitting health care info. to EHR (Electic Health Record); if breached can have a negative impact on an indicidual's health & wellbeing	44
551542469	Documentation	legal reason for documentation; if it isn't writtten, it did not happen	45
551542470	Societal Challenges Health Care	technology, health care system- managed care & care expectations, family health, chronic illness- unhealthy lifestyles	46
551542471	Social Issues	Aging, poverty, cultural diversity- the better U understand other ppl culture the better the care & workplace; ASKED Awareness-Skill-Knowedge-Encounters-Desire, violence, environmental	47
551542472	Societal Challenges for Nurses	nurse faculty shortage, H1N1 outbreak, shortage of school nurse, retention, civility in the workplace, cutural competence	48
551542473	Technology in Healthcare	point of care computing- health care practitioner process pt care data @ where service is being provided, Electronic heath record- pt health info. generated by care delivery settings & telehealth- videoconferencing and/or telecommunication telechnologies to enable communication btw pt & health care providers	49
551542474	Knowledge Technology	biomedical technology, complex machinery, implantable devices, safe more effective care for pt,	50
551542475	Info. Technology	computer based programs, storage of pt info.- electronic health record (EHR), research data, standardized practice guidelines	51
551542476	Nursing Informatics	methodology & technology used to support health related fields, elcetronic health record, internet- info. sharing	52
551542477	easier care for nurses	effective pt monitoring & accessibilty of data	53
551542478	Knowledge Technology	"Technology of the mind," "Expert system"- Smart carts(Med cart & AED's), simulation systems, pt safety, clinical decision making, pt mgmt problems	54
551542479	Man vs. Machine	inaccurate internet sites, "nursing" the equipment not the pt, dual documentation systems create more work for nurses	55
551542480	Man vs. Machine 2	training, maintenance costs, efficiency of equipment, technology failure & inadequate backups, Electronic Medical Record (E-MR) & pt confidentially	56
551542481	Healthcare Delivery Systems	healthcare system, very complex- difficult to access	57
551542482	Large Health care systems	due to mergers ( profit/nonprofit)	58
551542483	Managed Care	who delivers care, the cost & how is care provided, control healthcare cost- decrease fraud	59
551542484	Purpose of Managed Care	Control of primary health care services, standardized & improved quality of healthcare, increased access- especially for poor/uninsured/underinsured	60
551542485	Medicaid	health insurance,income below state poverty level, Federally & State funded	61
551542486	Administered by State Gov't	Children's Health Insurance Program(S-CHIP), federally funded, perminums determined by States, for person not eligible for Medicaid ( birth- 21) or Medicare, some states provide prenatal care	62
551542487	Medicare	Federally funded & adminsitered, eligible age 65 & some disabilities, they must had paid into social security	63

1363548213	1896	the American Nurses Association founded	0
1363548214	1900	American Journal of Nursing first published	1
1363548215	1903	the first RN license, State Practice Act	2
1363548216	1912	Nation League of Nursing; The US Public Health Service	3
1363548217	1955	1st male commissioned a military RN	4
1363548218	1974	American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN) was founded	5
1363548219	1977	ANA declares "Year of the Nurse"; using the theory to practice	6
1363548220	1994	135 million American enrolled in managed care insurnce plans	7
1363548221	1996	Pew Report & Institute of Medicine report an impending nursing shortage	8
1363548222	2001	nursing practice mirror society changes; bioterroism, emerging infections, disaster management	9
1363548223	2001 Nursing Code of Ethics revised	reflects current issues affecting the health care delivery system	10
1363548224	Nation League of Nursing (NLN)	governs nursing education	11
1363548225	American Nursing Association (ANA)	political body for nurses; political & practice arm	12
1363548226	Specialty Organizations	develops policy & standards	13
1363548227	Professional Characteristics	basically intellectual w/ high responsibility, body of knowledge that is learned, applied, taught by professinal education, strong internal organization, & motivated by altruism	14
1363548228	Nursing defined by ANA (2003)	is the protection, promotion, & optimization of health & abilities, prevention of illness & injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis & treatment of human response, & adovcacy in the care of individuals,families communities, & populations	15
1363548229	Nursing is an Art	compassionate, caring delivery	16
1363548230	compassionate	guides the actions of assessment, planning, interventon, & evaluation	17
1363548231	caring deliverly	facilitate health healing; a commitment to common good & health	18
1363548232	Nursing is a Science	evidenced based practice-research based info in nursing decision making, scientific body of knowledge-used to transform inputs & outputs	19
1363548234	Nursing	caring profession, provides for the needs of others- Maslow=needs, displays empathy-feel another's pain, & actively involved in curative processes	20
1363548235	Nursing Education	Hosptial Diploma Program 4 mth- less & less of them, Associate degree (ADN)- 2 or 3 years, Baccalaureate Degree (BSN)- 4 years, Advanced Degree (APN)- provides speical care to selected population i.e. certified nurse midwife, RN anesthetist, nurse practitioner, & clincial nurse specialist	21
1363548236	Nursing Education-Certifications	attesting or endorsing the demonstrated knowledge base & clinical practice behaviors associated w/ high quality performance in an area of speicalization	22
1363548237	Countinuing Education (CEU's)	required for a licensed profession in order for the professional to maintain the license.	23
1363548238	Life-long learning	to get journals to keep a nurse healthy in nursing	24
1363548239	Nursing Autonomy	willingness to take risks & be accountable for actions	25
1363548240	Nurse Practice Act	to protect the public; Regulates licenseure of RN's, LPN's, & certification of UAP; unique to each state	26
1363548241	Licensure: NCLEX-RN	a minimum standard of knowledge for nursing practice	27
1363548242	Why study nursing history?	It repeats itself	28
1363548243	Recurrent Issues in Nursing	nursing shortages- utilization of nurses, public's image of nurses, low economic reward- pay rate, conflict btw service towards others & economic remuneration(pay), education requirements for entry level RN since 1975, & specialty certifications	29
1363548244	Recurrent Issues in Nursing Workplace	license requirements- Education, nursing roles/responsibilties use of UAP's adaptation to societal needs diversity in the pateints & workplace, & access to care	30
1363548245	Florence Nightingale	nurse during the Crimean War(1853-1856); looking at infection control	31
1363548246	Critical Thinking	essential to nursing practice, interpretation of clinical situations, complex decision making, clinical judgement based on fact, experience, & standard of care	32
1363548247	Nursing Process	AD PIE Assessement-gathering & validating client health data, strengths, risks, & concerns Digagnosis/analysis- processing client data & indentifying appropriate nursing diagnoses Planning- designing strageties to solve indentified problems & build on client strengths Implementation- delivering & documenting the planned care Evaluaton- determining the effectiveness of care delivered	33
1363548248	Nursing Team	RN, LPN, & UAP (tech & CNA)	34
1363548249	RN	in depth knowledge & skills in teaching, communication & management provides care based on theory, w/ knowledge of expected growth/development principles, prevention & early detection of health problems	35
1363548250	RN roles	accountable for comprehensive care of the patients on a team (supervises RN, LPN, UAP), autonomous-full command of expert knowledge & allowing for accountability & authority in decision making, utilizes the nursing process & critical thinking	36
1363548251	LPN	under the supervision, provides competent care for clients w/ commonly occuring health probelms w/ predictable outcomes assess clients; collect/ organize relevant data; assists in identification of health needs & problems thoughout the life span	37
1363548252	LPN roles	understands the disease process, knows when to notify the RN for clinical changes in the patient, follows the nursing care plan to provide the care as outlined, & supervises other LPN's & UAP's	38
1363548253	UAP or CNA	performs duties under the supervision of an RN or LPN, supervises other UAP's performs activities of daliy living, comfort measures, some speicalized duties based on local policy & training	39
1363548254	Health Insurance Portability & Accountablity Act (HIPAA)	privacy component of transmitting health care info. to EHR (Electic Health Record); if breached can have a negative impact on an indicidual's health & wellbeing	40
1363548255	Documentation	legal reason for documentation; if it isn't writtten, it did not happen	41
1363548256	Societal Challenges Health Care	technology, health care system- managed care & care expectations, family health, chronic illness- unhealthy lifestyles	42
1363548257	Social Issues	Aging, poverty, cultural diversity- the better U understand other ppl culture the better the care & workplace; ASKED Awareness-Skill-Knowedge-Encounters-Desire, violence, environmental	43
1363548258	Societal Challenges for Nurses	nurse faculty shortage, H1N1 outbreak, shortage of school nurse, retention, civility in the workplace, cutural competence	44
1363548259	Technology in Healthcare	point of care computing- health care practitioner process pt care data @ where service is being provided, Electronic heath record- pt health info. generated by care delivery settings & telehealth- videoconferencing and/or telecommunication telechnologies to enable communication btw pt & health care providers	45
1363548260	Knowledge Technology	biomedical technology, complex machinery, implantable devices, safe more effective care for pt,	46
1363548261	Info. Technology	computer based programs, storage of pt info.- electronic health record (EHR), research data, standardized practice guidelines	47
1363548262	Nursing Informatics	methodology & technology used to support health related fields, elcetronic health record, internet- info. sharing	48
1363548263	easier care for nurses	effective pt monitoring & accessibilty of data	49
1363548264	Knowledge Technology	"Technology of the mind," "Expert system"- Smart carts(Med cart & AED's), simulation systems, pt safety, clinical decision making, pt mgmt problems	50
1363548265	Man vs. Machine	inaccurate internet sites, "nursing" the equipment not the pt, dual documentation systems create more work for nurses	51
1363548266	Man vs. Machine 2	training, maintenance costs, efficiency of equipment, technology failure & inadequate backups, Electronic Medical Record (E-MR) & pt confidentially	52
1363548267	Healthcare Delivery Systems	healthcare system, very complex- difficult to access	53
1363548268	Large Health care systems	due to mergers ( profit/nonprofit)	54
1363548269	Managed Care	who delivers care, the cost & how is care provided, control healthcare cost- decrease fraud	55
1363548270	Purpose of Managed Care	Control of primary health care services, standardized & improved quality of healthcare, increased access- especially for poor/uninsured/underinsured	56
1363548271	Medicaid	health insurance,income below state poverty level, Federally & State funded	57
1363548272	Administered by State Gov't	Children's Health Insurance Program(S-CHIP), federally funded, perminums determined by States, for person not eligible for Medicaid ( birth- 21) or Medicare, some states provide prenatal care	58
1363548273	Medicare	Federally funded & adminsitered, eligible age 65 & some disabilities, they must had paid into social security	59

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