Rules Notes
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Environmental Science
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Book page:
http://course-notes.org/Environmental_Science
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Chemical Symbols to Know
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Chemical Symbols to Know
SO2- Sulfur Dioxide (burning coal)
NO- Nitric Oxide
NH3- Ammonia
H2O2- Hydrogen Peroxide
H2SO4- Sulfuric Acid
NO2- Nitrogen Dioxide
CO2- Carbon Dioxide (#1 greenhouse gas)
CO- Carbon Monoxide
HNO3- Nitric Acid
N2O- Nitrous Oxide
O3- Ozone
(NH4)SO4- Ammonium Sulfate
SO3- Sulfur Trioxide
CFCs- Chloroflorocarbons
CH4- Methane (greenhouse gas)
APES
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APES
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APES Chemistry Shortcuts
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Chemistry Summer Assignment 2011- 2012 Abbreviation Full name CO2 Carbon Dioxide (#1 greenhouse gas) CO Carbon Monoxide C6H12O6 Glucose - sugar CH4 Methane (greenhouse gas) H2 Hydrogen Gas N2 Nitrogen Gas NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide Abbreviation Full name NO3 Nitrate NH3 Ammonia NH4 Ammonium (nitrogen fertilizer, NH3 in acidic H2O, first step in nitrogen cycle) O2 Oxygen O3 Ozone P Phosphorus PO43- Phosphate S Sulfur SO2 Sulfur dioxide (burning coal) Abbreviation Full name SO3 Sulfur trioxide (gas, forms acid rain) H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid NaCl Sodium Chloride (salt) Pb Lead U Uranium (weakly radioactive) Rn Radon (radioactive decay product of uranium) Hg Mercury (quicksilver, only naturally occurring liquid metal) Cl Chlorine Extra Formulas to Know Abbreviation Full Name H2O2
Estimating Bioaccumulation: DDT in a Lake
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Estimating Bioaccumulation: DDT in a Lake (Note: this is a hypothetical example.) A medium sized lake can serve as a major food source for a subsistence community. Suppose that a community of about 100 people gets much of its protein from fishing on such a lake. Every day, each person eats one or two fish, which weigh on average about 150 grams. The fish feed primarily on shrimp, as well as insects and other small animals. You have learned that an alga that is one of the primary food sources for shrimp in the lake is contaminated with DDT, a persistent organic pesticide that farmers upstream have begun using to control ants in food crops. You want to know how much of this DDT might eventually end up in members of the community.
Schistosomes and Dams
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APES Chapter 14 ? Water Resources Fresh water is one of the main ?needs? in life. Humans engineer their surroundings to make this resource readily available. Read the two passages about the problems, the unforeseen consequences that happened when a dam was built to control the Nile. You must understand both the morphology of a parasite ? the schistosome. It is a worm which lives in fresh water, snails and humans. You must also understand the human influences which caused this parasite to go from relative obscurity to a full blown epidemic. The passages are from a college text of mine called ?New Guinea Tapeworms and Jewish Grandmothers,? by Desowitz. Sometimes funny, very informative, the vocab may challenge you. Do your best.
Globalization
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Globalization – the process of global social, economic, and environmental change that leads to an increasingly integrated world. 1 in 11 people (worldwide) have Internet access. Exotic and invasive species are transported to faraway continents in a matter of days through ocean going vessels and airplanes where they have no known predators. An abundance of atmospheric pollutants from car exhaust is found in Greenland, although this country doesn’t own too many cars, from the US mainland.
Aquaculture Issues
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Aquaculture issues
• escaping of aquatic crops as an invasive species
• the relationship between effluents, eutrophication or pollution of
water bodies, and changes in the fauna of receiving waters
• land use, in particular conversion of sensitive areas such as
mangroves and wetlands
• water use and water loss from surface water systems
• overexploitation of stock over other resource uses, such as fish oil
• predator control, such as the killing of birds near aquaculture
facilities
• genetic alteration of existing stocks from escaped hatchery products
• antibiotic and hormone use, which may influence aquatics species
near aquaculture facilities
b) EPA’s aquaculture threat list
Exotic Species
Human Bias
Habitat Loss and Degradation
Overexploitation
Aquaculture
Pollution
Chapter 2 Reading Guide Living In the Environment 15th edition G. Tyler Miller
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Chapter 2 Science, Systems, Matter, and Energy Core Case Study: Easter Island What happened to the people of Easter Island? What happened to the environment of Easter Island? 2-1 The Nature of Science What do scientists do? What is the scientific process? What are 3 important features of the scientific method? What is the difference between science and technology? Why is a multivariable analysis better for environmental studies compared to a single-variable analysis? What is bottom-up reasoning? What is top-down reasoning? In addition to these 2 types of reasoning, what are 3 other traits that scientists use to observe nature? Why can scientists disprove things more easily than they prove things?
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