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European History

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AP Euro Chapter 13 Outline: A History of Western Society 10e

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Chapter 12 Outline: A History of Western Society 10e

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A History of Western Society 10e: Chapter 12 Outline

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western civilization spielvogel chapter 11 notes

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revolutions of 1820

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1820?s-1830?s revolutions An Evaluation of the Congress of Vienna The leading statesmen at Vienna underestimated the new nationalism and liberalism generated by the French Revolution. Not until the unification of Germany in 1870-71 was the balance of power upset. Not until World War I did Europe have another general war. Tries to erase napoleon, nationalism, and liberalism. The ?Concert? of Europe System Established Their goal was to define and monitor the status quo. Holy Alliance Example of how they were too conservative (alliance based on religion) Was challenged but never broke down until 1870 19c Conservatism Conservatism arose in reaction to liberalism & became a popular alternative for those who were frightened by the violence unleashed by the French Revolution.

Revolutions of 1848

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Revolutions of 1848 Pre-1848 Tensions: Long-Term Industrialization Zollverein Population doubled in the 18c Food supply problems Ideological Challenges Liberalism, nationalism, democracy, socialism. Romanticism Repressive Measures Carlsbad Decrees [Prus.] Secret police created in many European states Pre-1848 Tensions: Short-Term Agricultural Crises Poor cereal harvests Potato blight Ireland Financial Crises Investment bubbles burst railways, iron, coal. Unemployment increased rapidly [esp. among the artisan/middle class]. Working & middle classes are now joined in misery as are the urban and agricultural peasantry! France The February Revolution Working class & liberals unhappy with King Louis Philippe So? they protest and? Troops open fire on peaceful protestors.

Industrial Revolution

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Industrial revolution Started in Britain because: Easy access to raw materials Agricultural Revolution entrepreneurship very stable economy Had a strong bank Has large colonial system Enclosure movement Poor had to find another way to feed family Mining and Forging Coal is more powerful than water Iron is stronger and more powerful than wood Innovations make steel feasible Bessemer process- strong flexible steel. England becomes heavily reliant on coal Richard Arkwright: ?Pioneer of the Factory System? First millionaire Invented the water frame Industrialization Starts in the textile industry 1851 Crystal Palace exhibition For the British worlds fair The 19th c Bourgeoisie The industrial Nouveau Riche Worked for their money by investing New money

Industrial Revolution Key People

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Industrial Revolution Key People: Where are they from? What did they do? Why are they important? What was their impact? Include pictures and descriptions! Cyrus McCormick John Kay James Hargreaves Richard Arkwright Edmund Cartwright Eli Whitney James Watt George Stephenson Henry Bessemer Robert Fulton Samuel Morse Henry Ford
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French Utopian Socialism

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Socialism and Marxism French Utopian Socialism Disturbed by British laissez- faire, poor working conditions, and the capitalist entrepreneur's desire to only make money. Society needed to cooperate to provide a sense of ?community? for all members of society, regardless of social class. Economic planning is successful and must be implemented by governments. The poor need to be helped! Poverty breeds poverty Private property should be regulated or should be abolished. Count Henri de Saint- Simon Parasites vs. doers Doers will carefully plan the economy Engineers, scientists, industrialists Improve conditions of the poor Very moralistic ideas Charles Fourier Self- sufficient, planned communities of no more than 1,620 people can operate in a utopia 810 men, 810 women

Russian Expansion

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Russia Russian expansion Because it is so large pulled towards authoritative government Very diverse empire Hard to govern Always searching for a warm water port Nicholas 1 Became tsar after Decembrist revolt Brutally dealt with them so there wouldn?t be another revolt Alexander 2 Crimean war is lost under his reign Realized they were fighting against industrialized nation Realizes need to free serfs and industrialize Courts were reformed, equality of law was established, improvements in education, and censorship relaxed. Zemstvo- local city council Have a little representation Assassinated by people who want even more change Alexander III Reactionary. Go back to being strict Slavophile Loves Slavic people Problem because there are a lot more people than just the Slavs in Russia

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