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European History

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AP European History Study Guide

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European History
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Education in the United States
Education
Advanced Placement Awards
Otay Ranch High School

The Renaissance approx. 1300 ? 1525 POLITICAL City States: No national government Florence, Genoa, Venice Some were rule by despots (Milan) Others were controlled by condottieri, or military men who were independent war lords Florence was a republic In the later years of the Renaissance, these states warred with each other and left them prone ot outside attack. This happened when Charles V?s troops attacked in 1527, thereby ending the Renaissance in Italy. The Hapsburgs (Holy Roman Empire) face many enemies during this time. They fight with the Valois dynasty in France, and must contend with the Muslims. In 1453, the Muslims finally captured Constantinople. ECONOMIC The Medici were the merchant family based in Florence.

AP European History Study Guide

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European History
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Education in the United States
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AP European History Study Guide The Renaissance *The Causes of the Renaissance* - The Middle Ages, which began around 500 AD, finally came to an end around 1450 AD. - Though the beginning of the Renaissance, which signaled the end of the Middle Ages, occurred in the city-states of Italy, the same reasons that caused the Renaissance to begin in Italy caused it to appear in the rest of Western Europe. - The conditions that led to the Renaissance in Italy are as follows: Because of the Crusades, and the new trade routes, Europeans began to come in contact with other, more advanced civilizations, which influenced them greatly. The Church, due to the scandals that occurred, lost much of its power, and people began to doubt its ultimate authority.

Spansish Civil War

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European History
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Francoist Spain
Modern history of Spain
Spanish Civil War
Politics of Spain
Spain
Politics
Second Spanish Republic
Francisco Franco
Miguel Primo de Rivera
Nationalist faction
Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista

Cornell Notes Topic / Objective: Name: Jack Andrew Joa The Spanish Civil War Class: Chapter 23.4 Notes Period: Date: Essential Question: The Spanish Civil War Chapter 23.4 Notes Questions: Notes: Spain: World War I: Neutral. Involved in a war with Morocco. Morocco was a protectorate. Some tribes resisted Spanish rule. War was unpopular at home. Suffered much of same unrest postwar as Italy and Germany. In 1921, the Spanish king authorized a ?final? campaign for victory. Terrible massacre of Spanish troops. Political crisis at home results. In 1923, a Coup by General Miguel Primo de Rivera. Toppled government. Ruled as a dictator. Army and conservatives kept him in power. Left king on throne.

AP Euro Scientific Revolution and Natural Philosophers and Europe 1686 - 1740

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European History
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Copernican Revolution
Astronomy
Science and technology
Academia
Heliocentrism
Nicolaus Copernicus
Scientific revolution
Geocentric model
Tycho Brahe
Celestial spheres
Galileo Galilei
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

Chapter 14 Scientific Revolution - ?Natural philosophers? - Process that established new view of universe - Changes EVERYTHING - Defining characteristic of modern Western civilization - Astronomy - A) Copernicus (1493-1543) - ?On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres? 1543 - Prior thought - geocentric - Ptolemy and Aristotle - Earth centered - Heavens ? planets ? sun + moon ? earth - Heliocentric - Sun centered - No new evidence - B) Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) - Body of astronomical data - Moon + sun around earth - other planets around sun - C) Kepler (1571-1630) - Combine Copernicus + Brah?s data - Conclude - sun centered universe - Elliptical orbit (not circular) - No explanation as to why - D) Galileo (1564-1642) - Telescope

AP Euro Protestant Reformation

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European History
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Christianity
Christian theology
Catholic Church
Martin Luther
Anti-Protestantism
Huldrych Zwingli
Eucharist
Protestantism
Diet of Worms
Luther
Transubstantiation
Christianity in the 16th century

Luther - beliefs ? Justification by faith alone ? Believes in two sacraments ? Baptism ? communion/Eucharist ? Transubstantiation - bread and wine into body and blood of god ? 1517 -95 theses HRE ? 1519 - Maximilian dies ? Charles I (V HRE)? vs Francis I (had pope?s support) ? Hapsburg (Maximilian's grandson) ? Bribery of electors ? Promised more concessions and autonomy to principalities ? Fortunate for reformation - no unified imperial opposition ? 1521 - diet of worms (charles V) ? Luther does not recant and is excommunicated Wars of Charles V ? 1) against France ? 4 Hapsburg Valois wars ? 2) Against Turks ? Required German troops ? Grant German princes the power to enforce edict of worms as they see fit

AP Euro French Revolution

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European History
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Kingdom of France
Politics of France
Government
Dauphins of France
Knights of the Golden Fleece
Politics
French Revolution
Ancien Régime in France
Parlement
Assembly of Notables
René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou
Louis XVI of France

1 French revolution - France - In debt - seven years war - american revolution - ? of annual federal budget went to pay for the debt - Rich nation, poor government - Extravagant, many wars - Aristocracy succeed in avoiding most taxation - Parlements - give nobles power - Louis XV (R 1715-1774) - Appoints Rene Maupeou - Chancellor - Destroys the parlements - Louis dies 1774 - Louis XVI (R 1774-1792) (grandson) - Undoes Maupeou?s work - For popularity reasons - institutes parlements - Bad idea - Aristocracy in Parlement use Enlightenment talk to further their ends - I) Finance ministers - 1 - Jacques Necker - 1781 - finances are not that bad - real problem are pensions - Leaves office voluntarily - 2 - Colonne - 1786

AP Euro Renaissance

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European History
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Bibliophiles
Petrarch
Rhetoricians
Nobility
Literature
Medieval literature
Social inequality

Chapter 9 - late middle ages ? 1300s - early 1400s ? Kings vs ?Church and nobility? ? two great containers of monarchical power ? Church - powerful, most important ? Nobles - had a lot of land and more powerful ? Kings- just caretakers ? Kings ? 100 years war ? 1337-1453 ? France vs. Britain ? enemies ? Britain was winning but France pulled through (Joan of Arc) ? Result - France becomes a ?centralized ?power ? Black Plague - 1348 ? ? Spread from rats on ships from Asia to Europe ? Had no science so they turned to ?religion ? Flagellants ? punishing themselves to prove themselves to God ? Destroyed ? of population ? living in fear/ wild ways ? Result - nobility was weakened ? 1) economically - less labor - less demand for food

The Enlightenment and Russia and Society and Economy and 18th Century Wars AP Euro

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European History
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House of Romanov
Russian Empire
European people
Europe
Peter the Great
Boyar
Michael I of Russia

Russia - Prior to 1670s - No warm water port - Bottled in by Sweden + Ottomans - Have vast potential - Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) - Michael Romanov - after ?time of nobles? - Elected by nobles to end chaos - Tsar - Modest bureaucratic centralization (still weak) - Too much power - Boyars (nobles) - Strelsky - Moscow guard - Peter the Great (1682 - 1725) - 10 years old - Rules alone - 1689 - Conclude - 1 - Tsar must secure power from Boyars and Strelsky - 2 - Russia must be a military power - Resemble Louis XIV - Fronde - 1697 - peter?s famous trip to west - Wants to imitate west - 1698 - Strelsky revolts - crush brutally - Military - Loyal to him - Conscription ? 300,000 (a lot) - Boyars - Change culture (shaves beards)

Age of Religious Wars and Absolutism/Constitutionalism AP Euro

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European History
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Anti-Protestantism
Kingdom of France
French people
French Wars of Religion
French nobility
Anti-Catholicism in France
House of Valois-Angoulême
Knights of the Garter
Catherine de' Medici
Charles IX of France
Huguenot
Henry II of France

Age of Religious wars (1562 - 1648) - Overview - 1st half of 16th century - catholics vs lutherans - Settled at Augsburg, central Europe - Second half - catholics vs calvinists - France, England, Scotland, Netherlands - Calvinists and Catholics are both dogmatic, aggressive, and irreconcilable - Politiques - rulers who put political unity before religion - tolerant - Elizabeth - anglican and not religious - Most were not - Mary I, Cromwell, Philip II - I) French Wars of Religion (1562 - 1589) - 9 civil wars - Huguenots - French Prot (Calvinists) - Francis I - Kept France Catholic during first half of the century - Henry II (B1519, R1547-1559) - end of Habsburg Valois wars - Killed at accident at wedding

Western Civilization: Volume II: Since 1500, 9th Edition, Chapter 14: Europe and the World New Encounters, 1500-1800 Outline

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European History
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Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800 On the Brink of a New World The Atlantic seaboard had become the center of a commercial activity that raised Portugal and Spain and later the Dutch Republic, England, and France to prominence The age of expansion was a crucial factor in the European transition from the agrarian economy of the Middle Ages to a commercial and industrial system The Motives for Expansion Catholic Europe had been confined to one geographic area Europe had never completely lost touch with the outside world The goods of Asia and Africa made their way into medieval castles In the 9th and 10th the Vikings had even made to the eastern fringes of North America Fantastic Lands

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