Human Geography

Isaiah Bennett p.1 5/6/13 CH.13 K.I 3 I Inner-City Physical Issue The major physical problem faced by inner-city neighborhoods is the poor condition Deteriorated housing can either be demolished and replaced with new housing or it can be Process of Deterioration As the number of low-income resident increase in the city the territory they occupy expand Middle-class families move out of a neighborhood to never housing farther from the center and sell or rent their houses to lower-income families Filtering Filtering Process of subdivision of houses and occupancy by successive waves of lower-income people Redlining Redlining Drawing lines a map to identify areas in which they will refuse to lean money Although redlining is illegal enforcement of law against it is frequently difficult

Isaiah Bennett p.1 5/7/13 Ch.13 K.I 4 I Urban Expansion Until recently in the United States, as cities grew, they expanded by adding peripheral land Annexation Annexation The process of legally adding land area to city Normally, land can be annexed to a city only if a majority of residents in the affected area vote in favor doing so Defining Urban Settlement Instead of annexing peripheral areas, cities now are surrounded by suburb City: a legal entity Urbanized area: a continuously built-up area Metropolitan area: a functional area The City City Defines an urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit Central City In thus, a city surrounded by suburbs

More Developed Regions Two of the nine major cultural regions- North America and Europe- are considered more developed. The other seven regions are considered less developed The distribution of more and less developed countries reflects a clear global pattern of all the MDCs(which are place up north mostly) and LDCs (which are place South mostly) North American: HDI 0.95 The US ranked only thirteenth in the HDI in 2009.Tje U.S was near the top in two of the four indicators GDP per capita and literacy state. North America was once the world?s major manufacture , automobiles, and other goods Europe: HDI 0.93 Europe was regarded as two regions in 1940s-1990s Democratic West closely linked economically and militarily with the U.S The Other was the Communist East . Russia: HDI 0.73

Isaiah Bennett P.1 4/9/2013 Ch.10 K.I 4 I Challenges for Commercial Farmers Commercial farmers are in some ways victims of their own success Government subsides help prop op farm income, but many believe that the future health of commercial farming rests with embracing more sustainable practices Importance of Access to Markets The purpose of commercial farmers to sell produce off the farm the distance from the farm to the market. Von Thenen based his general model of the spatial arrangement of different crops on his experience as a owner of a large estate. Overproduction in Commercial Farming Commercial farming suffer from low incomes because they are capable of production

More Developed Regions Two of the nine major cultural regions- North America and Europe- are considered more developed. The other seven regions are considered less developed The distribution of more and less developed countries reflects a clear global pattern of all the MDCs(which are place up north mostly) and LDCs (which are place South mostly) North American: HDI 0.95 The US ranked only thirteenth in the HDI in 2009.Tje U.S was near the top in two of the four indicators GDP per capita and literacy state. North America was once the world?s major manufacture , automobiles, and other goods Europe: HDI 0.93 Europe was regarded as two regions in 1940s-1990s Democratic West closely linked economically and militarily with the U.S The Other was the Communist East . Russia: HDI 0.73