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Politics

APHG Key issue 4

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Key Issue 4 Fundamentalist= a literal interpretation and a strict and intense adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect). Religious fundamentalist is one of the most important ways in which a group can maintain a distinctive cultural identity. Religious groups oppose government policies seen as promoting social change conflicting with traditional religious values. The role of religion in organizing earth?s surface has diminished in some societies because of political and economic change. Islam has been affected by the conflict between religious values and modernization of the economy. Communist government that diminishes the importance of religion in society has challenged all Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam.

GerryMandering

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Gerrymandering Intro: This term has already been defined, but there is a bit of funny history for the word. An infamous member Governor Elbridge Gerry drew his state to look like the opposition had a salamander shaped part of the state. Therefore, gerrymandering was born. There are several ways to solve this problem; the main ones are listed below ??NAME AND SHAME? THOSE WHO WOULD RIG ELECTIONS Because election rules are often arcane, those who write them have an advantage. If they move quickly and quietly, they can ?fix? the system to their advantage.

Funding

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Federal Funding to WIC program (Aff.) When homeless mothers in Sacramento, California, need food, counseling or support, they can come to a rectangle-shaped cinderblock building just a few blocks from the American River. It is an essential program that needs to be funded The building is home to Maryhouse, a daytime homeless shelter. Connie Frank is the executive director and it's her job is to connect the women with social services. Many of them need help finding nighttime shelter, counseling and food. For Frank, the Women Infants and Children program is a key service. "It's a wonderful program, an essential program, to feed these families," she said. "Baby formula, for example, is very expensive?

APWH Chaper 28 notes

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Chapter?28: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World Chapter Outline Popular sovereignty and political upheaval Enlightened and revolutionary ideas Popular sovereignty: relocating sovereignty in the people Traditionally monarchs claimed a "divine right" to rule The Enlightenment challenged this right, made the monarch responsible to the people John Locke's theory of contractual government: authority comes from the consent of the governed Freedom and equality: important values of the Enlightenment Demands for freedom of worship and freedom of expression Demands for political and legal equality (a) Condemned legal and social privileges of aristocrats (b) Jean-Jacques Rousseau,?The Social Contract

APWH Chaper 30 notes

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Chapter?30: The Americas in the Age of Independence Chapter Outline The building of American states The United States: westward expansion and civil war By 1820s all adult white men could vote and hold office Rapid westward expansion after the revolution Britain ceded all lands east of theMississippi River?to United States after the revolution 1803, United States purchased France's Louisiana Territory, west to the Rocky Mountains By 1840s, coast-to-coast expansion was claimed as the manifest destiny of the United States Conflict with indigenous peoples followed westward expansion 1830, Indian Removal Act forced eastern natives to move west of the Mississippi Thousands died on the "Trail of Tears" to Oklahoma Stiff resistance to expansion: Battle ofLittle Big Horn, 1876, Sioux victory

APWH Chaper 31 notes

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Chapter?31: Societies at Crossroads Chapter Outline Introduction: Ottoman empire, Russia, China, and Japan Common problems Military weakness, vulnerability to foreign threats Internal weakness due to?economic problems, financial difficulties, and corruption Reform efforts Attempts at political and?educational reform?and at industrialization Turned to western models Different results of reforms Ottoman empire, Russia, and China unsuccessful; societies on the verge of collapse Reform in Japan was more thorough; Japan emerged as an industrial power The Ottoman empire in decline The nature of decline Military decline since the late seventeenth century Ottoman forces behind European armies in strategy, tactics, weaponry, training Janissary corps politically corrupt, undisciplined

APWH Chaper 33 notes

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Chapter?33: The Great War: The World in Upheaval Chapter Outline The drift toward war Nationalist aspirations Nationalism spread by the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars Self-determination suggested that eachethnic group?had a right to a sovereign state Concept was ignored or opposed by dynastic powers Considerable nationalistic tensions in Ottoman, Hapsburg, and Russian empires Slavic nationalism: stressed kinship of all Slavic peoples Ottoman empire?shrank as first Greece, then others, gained independence Serbs of Austria-Hungary sought unification with independent Serbia Russians promoted Pan-Slavism in Austria-Hungarian empire Germany backed Austria-Hungary to fight ethnic nationalism National rivalries The naval race between Germany and Britain increased tensions

APWH Chaper 34 notes

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Chapter?34: An Age of Anxiety Chapter Outline Probing cultural frontiers Postwar pessimism The "lost generation" Term used to describe pessimism of U.S. and European thinkers after the war Postwar poetry and fiction reflected disillusionment with western culture Scholars--Oswald Spengler, Arnold Toynbee--lamented decline of the west Religious thought reflected uncertainty and pessimism Karl Barth attacked liberal Christian theology embracing idea of progress Older concepts of original sin and human depravity revived Attacks on the ideal of progress Science tarnished by the technological horrors of World War I Most western societies granted suffrage to all men and women Many intellectuals disillusioned with democracy Conservatives decried "the rule of inferiors"

APWH Chaper 35 notes

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Chapter?35: Nationalism and Political Identities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America Chapter Outline Asian Paths to Autonomy India's quest for?home rule Indian National Congress and Muslim League After WWI, both organizations dedicated to achieving independence Indian nationalists inspired by Wilson's Fourteen Points and the Russian Revolution Frustrated by Paris Peace settlement: no independence for colonies British responded to nationalist movement with repressive measures Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948), leader of Indian nationalism Raised as a well-to-do Hindu, studied law in London Spent twenty-five years in?South Africa, embraced tolerance and nonviolence Developed technique of passive resistance, followed a simple life

APWH Chaper 36 notes

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Chapter?36: New Conflagrations: World War II and the Cold War Chapter Outline Origins of World War II Japan's war in China Global conflict began with Japanese invasion of Manchuria, 1931 League of Nations?condemned action; Japan simply withdrew from league 1937, Japan launched full-scale invasion of China The Rape of Nanjing characterized war waged against civilians Aerial bombing of Shanghai In Nanjing, widespread rape and slaughter Chinese resistance movement Nationalists and communists formed "united front" against Japanese Unable to effectively work together, they conducted guerilla attacks Communists gained popular support throughout war Japan's Triple Pact with Germany and Italy, 1940; neutrality pact with Soviet Union, 1941 Italian and German aggression

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