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Physics

Sample AP Physics: B Test Questions

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Physics
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Measurement
Physics
Fundamental constants
Pendulum
Speed of light
Metre
Light
Nanosecond
Technology

Chapter 1: MEASUREMENT 1. The SI standard of time is based on: A. the daily rotation of the earth B. the frequency of light emitted by Kr86 C. the yearly revolution of the earth about the sun D. a precision pendulum clock E. none of these Ans: E 2. A nanosecond is: A. 109 s B. 10?9 s C. 10?10 s D. 10?10 s E. 10?12 Ans: B 3. The SI standard of length is based on: A. the distance from the north pole to the equator along a meridian passing through Paris B. wavelength of light emitted by Hg198 C. wavelength of light emitted by Kr86 D. a precision meter stick in Paris E. the speed of light Ans: E 4. In 1866, the U. S. Congress defined the U. S. yard as exactly 3600/3937 international meter. This was done primarily because:

chemistry/intro to bio

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Physics
Covalent bond
Chemical bond
Ionic bond
Electron
Bonding in solids
Hydrogen bond
Technology

Vaneza Paredes 1) Chemical Bonds Almost everything we do in life, even something as easy as breathing all comes from chemical bonds. There are strong bonds, as well as weak bonds. This all depends on the interactions of electrons. When a metal bonds with a nonmetal, an ionic bond was formed. This is very strong. A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms, is covalent bonding.

AP serway notes chp 9

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Physics
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Matter
Physics
Phases of matter
Fluid dynamics
Nature
Condensed matter physics
Chemical engineering
State of matter
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Crystal

Chapter 9 Solids and Fluids States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solids Have definite volume Have definite shape Molecules are held in specific locations By electrical forces Vibrate about equilibrium positions Can be modeled as springs connecting molecules More About Solids External forces can be applied to the solid and compress the material In the model, the springs would be compressed When the force is removed, the solid returns to its original shape and size This property is called elasticity Crystalline Solid Atoms have an ordered structure This example is salt Gray spheres represent Na+ ions Green spheres represent Cl- ions Amorphous Solid Atoms are arranged almost randomly Examples include glass Liquid

Chapter 9 sol

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Physics
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Mechanics
Physics
Continuum mechanics
Elasticity
Solid mechanics
Plasticity
Deformation
Yield
Stress
Wire rope
Technology

Chapter 9 Page 9.1 9 Solids and Fluids PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 9.1 The elastic limit is the maximum stress, F A where F is the tension in the wire, that the wire can withstand and still return to its original length when released. Thus, if the wire is to experience a tension equal to the weight of the performer without exceeding the elastic limit, the minimum cross-sectional area is 2minmin 4 D F mgA elastic limit elastic limit ?? ? ? and the minimum acceptable diameter is ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 3min 8 4 70 kg 9.8 m s4 1.3 10 m 1.3 mm5.0 10 Pa mgD elastic limit? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? 9.2 (a) In order to punch a hole in the steel plate, the superhero must punch out a plug with cross- sectional area, csA , equal to that of his fist and

Kinetic Molecular Theory

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Chemistry
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Physics
Thermodynamics
Introductory physics
Gases
Kinetic theory
Collision
Ideal gas
Matter
Boyle's law
Thermal energy
Environment
Technology

Kinetic Molecular Theory All matter is composed of small particles. Particles of matter are in constant motion. Particle collisions are elastic. (No transfer of energy/loss of energy in a collision) Gases only: Volume of each gas particle is negligible compared to the volume of the sample. Particles of gases exert no forces of attractions on each other. (This is due to the great distance between molecules.) Ideas of KMT explain ideal gas behavior. Deviations of ideal gas behavior occur among real gases because real gases do have volume and IMF?s. Deviations are minimized under conditions of low pressure and high temperature (PLIGHT) Hydrogen and helium behave most like ideal gases due to their small size and very weak IMFs.

Gas Laws

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Chemistry
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Physics
Chemistry
Thermodynamics
Physical quantities
State functions
Gas laws
Physical chemistry
Gas
Volume
Temperature
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Charles's law

Gas Laws -study the relationships that exist between pressure, volume, temperature and amount (moles) of gas. Boyle?s Law Pressure-volume relationship At constant temperature and amount, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional. As pressure increases, volume decreases. P1V1=P2V2 Charles? Law Temperature-volume relationship At constant pressure and amount, the temperature and volume of a gas are directly proportional. V1/T1=V2/T2 Gay Lussac?s Law Pressure-temperature relationship Under conditions of constant volume and amount, the temperature and pressure of a gas are directly proportional. P1/T1=P2/T2

Basic Biochemistry

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Biology
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Chemistry
Physics
Medicine
Radiobiology
Radioactivity
Radiopharmaceuticals
Nuclear chemistry
Radioactive tracer
Isotope
Chemical element
Iodine
Neutron
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AP Biology Biochemistry

Atomic Structures Atoms are basic units of matter Protons (+1) , Neutrons (0), Electrons (-1) Depending on their energy levels, they are in different states. Ground state: At lowest possible potential energy. Excited state: At any state where the system is at higher than the minimum. Isotopes: atoms of one element that vary in neutrons. Are all chemically identical Radioisotopes: decay at a rate known as half-life, often used in medicine. Tracers: used to TRACE certain chemicals in natural pathways Ex: Iodine (radioactive) to give information about thyroid gland metabolism. Bonding In biology, the two main types are Ionic and Covalent Ionic Bonds Transfer of electrons Receiver is called anion (a negative ion) Donor is called the cation Covalent Bonds

AP Chem Notes

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Chemistry
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Physics
Chemistry
Particle physics
Nuclear physics
Subatomic particles
Nuclear chemistry
Baryons
Atomic nucleus
Radiochemistry
Proton
Electron
Neutron radiation
Technology
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AP Chemistry
Notes

South Pasadena ? AP Chemistry Name ________________________________ Period ___ Date ___/___/___ 2 ? Atoms and Elements ATOMIC STRUCTURE? Parts of Atoms: Most people already know that the atom is made up of three main parts, the _______________ and ______________ in the nucleus and the ______________ somewhere outside of the nucleus. Let?s summarize: proton neutron electron symbol charge location mass size (see below) Let?s make this more visual using information from the Chart of Fundamental Particles. If the proton were 10 cm in diameter? the size of an orange, how big would everything be? object actual size model size model proton 10-15 m 10 cm orange neutron 10-15 m electron 10-18 m atom 10-10 m

Physics the doppler effect

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Physics
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Wave mechanics
Waves
Physics
Relativity
Doppler effect
Special relativity
Doppler radar
Technology

Chapter 4.5/A2 The Doppler Effect Thursday, January 24, 2013 6:20 PM ? Formulas & Theorems Covered Today: Frequency Formula Moving Source Toward: Fo= Fs/ 1- (vs /c) Away: Fo= Fs/ 1+ (vs /c) Moving Observer Toward: Fo= Fs* [1+ (vo /c)] Away: Fo= Fs* [1- (vo /c)] Wavelength Formula Moving Source ?o = ?s (1 - (vs/c)) Moving Observer Example Questions: Sound wave f= 300Hz is emitted towards approaching car (moving observer towards). Wave is reflected back f2= 315Hz (moving source towards). V of the car? ? ? v= 8.29 m/s ? A train with siren of 500Hz is moving at a constant speed of 8.0 m/s. What f does observer hear? ? Calculate the train f moving towards and away and that is the range of frequency that the observer will hear. ?

Work and Power

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Physics
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Physics
Introductory physics
Physical quantities
Classical mechanics
State functions
Mechanics
Work
Force
Attachment theory
Energy
Social Issues
Labor

Work and Power Scientific Work Energy can be transferred into or out of a system by work Work: a measure of energy transferred into or out of a system by a force (F) acting over a distance(d) Work needs 3 key ingredients: force, displacement, and cause Work is only done when force acts upon an object to cause a displacement of the object Work is only done when components of a force are parallel to the object?s displacement Examples: a teacher applying a force to a wall becomes exhausted NOT WORK no displacement A book falls off a table and free falls to the ground NOT WORK no force to cause displacement a rocket accelerates through space WORK A force causes a displacement

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