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Psychometrics

Unit 7 AP Psychology

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UNIT 10/11 Personality- a person?s pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting Type A Personality Feel time pressure. Easily angered. Competitive and ambitious. Work hard and play hard. More prone to heart disease than rest of population. Type B Personality Relaxed and easygoing. But some people fit in neither type. Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality Fathered by Sigmund Freud. Idea of the Libido moving to different parts of our body. Stages of Psycho-Sexual Development Oral Anal Phallic (Oedipus Complex) Latent Genital Sigmund Freud had an iceberg theory for our personalities- ego, superego, and id Conscious- things we are aware of. Preconscious- things we can be aware of if we think of them. Unconscious- deep hidden reservoir that holds the true ?us?. All of our desires and fears.

Unit 2 AP Psychology

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UNIT 2 NOTES: Research Methods The Need for Psychological Science Critical Thinking thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions examines assumptions discerns hidden values evaluates evidence Three hurdles that tend to skew our logic: Hindsight Bias The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that you knew it all along Overconfidence We tend to think we know more than we do The Barnum Effect It is the tendency for people to accept very general or vague characterizations of themselves and take them to be accurate Applied V. Basic Research Applied Research has clear, practical applications. Basic Research explores questions that you may be curious about, but not intended to be immediately used The Scientific Method Theory

Note Taking Guide 1.5

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1.05 Descriptive Modeling and Accuracy Essential Questions After completing this lesson, you will be able to answer the following questions: How do you define the appropriate quantities to model a situation or description? How do you choose the level of accuracy given the limitations of a situation? Main Idea (page #) DEFINITION OR SUMMARY EXAMPLE Precision Versus Accuracy Precision: _________________ Accuracy: _________________ Significant Figures Counting the amount of digits: How many significant figures would each have? 5.01 ___ significant figures 11 ____ 1.2 ____ 5.00____ Find the area of the rectangle with the following measurements: length= 8.2cm width= 10.4cm What would you need to round to based on the number of significant figures? ____

Module 33: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

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Module 33: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence 33-1 Genetic Influences people who share the same genes also share comparable mental abilities intelligence test scores of identical twins raised together are virtually the same brain scans indicate identical twins have the same gray matter volume adopted children?s intelligence scores become more like those of their biological parents over time and identical twins similarities continue or increase into their 80s. aka genes influence a lot. heritability ? the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied. If environments become more equal, the heritability of intelligence would INCREASE

Assessing Intelligence Module 32

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32-1 Assessing Intelligence intelligence test ? a method for assessing an individual?s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores The Origins of Intelligence Testing Although science strives for objectivity, individual scientists are affected by their own assumptions and attitudes Alfred Binet: Predicting School Achievement Modern intelligence testing began at the turn of the 20th century when France required all children attend school To minimize bias, in 1904 France commissioned Alfred Binet to study the problem Binet assumed that all children follow the same course of intellectual development but that some develop quicker than others

Terman's Termites

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Terman?s ?Termites? were intellectually gifted children, identified by their superior aptitude demonstrated on the Stanford Binet test at the age of 10. The criteria for selection was not random. Students were recommended by teachers and principals. These children were compared with 100 children deemed as having a lesser chance at success in life. This is hailed as the first true longitudinal study. It sought to track the social development of gifted children over a lifetime and, in effect, dispel the stereotype of profoundly gifted children as socially awkward people.

Ch10 Intelligence

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Intelligence Intelligence = ability to learn from experiences. But in research studies, intelligence is what intelligence tests measure. Reification: reasoning error where we view an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing (judging people by their IQ scores). IQ Test, Stanford-Binet Test: mental age divided by real age x 100 Intelligence is always expressed in context (medicine, music, art, warriors) Factor analysis ? a statistical method that identifies a variety of related factors in a test.

Scientific Method Outline

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Scientific method - processes by which scientists conduct investigations * There is no one "scientific method". Scientists actually use a variety of techniques to learn more about the world around us. However, many experimental studies would recognize the following steps: A. Statement of the problem B. Hypothesis formation - An "educated guess" C. Experiment 1. experimental group 2. control group D. Collection of data E. Analysis of results F. Conclusion - Reject or accept the hypothesis G. Communication of findings * Considerations pertaining to the scientific method: A. Hypothesis must be testable B. Sample size must be sufficiently large C. Experiment must have proper controls D. Experiment must be reproducible

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