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Mind

Psych Notes

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Ch. 1.2 History of Psychology Notes 5th and 6th century Greek philosophers Mind=psyche Rene Descartes Dualism: the idea that the mind and body are separate entities First systematic approach to the relationship to mind and body Francis Bacon Founders of modern science Common sense judgement Developed scientific method John Locke Empiricism: the idea that knowledge comes from experience and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge ?Tabula Rasa??Latin for blank slate Humans are born knowing nothing Knowledge is learned, not inherited Nurture Phrenology Labeled parts of the brain 19th century Charles Darwin Theory of natural selection/Darwinism/evolution Survival of the fittest Sir Francis Galton Inheritance Success was inherited Nature Notes:

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways

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9/30/2018 Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways https://jamesclear.com/feynman-mental-models 1/11 JAMES CLEAR Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways by James Clear (staging.jamesclear.com/about)????| ???? Mental Models (https://jamesclear.com/mental-models) You can train your brain to think better. One of the best ways to do this is to expand the set of mental models (https://jamesclear.com/mental-models) you use to think. Let me explain what I mean by sharing a story about a world-class thinker. I first discovered what a mental model was and how useful the right one could be while I was reading a story about Richard Feynman, the famous physicist. Feynman received his undergraduate degree from MIT and his Ph.D. from

Why Facts Don’t Change Our Minds

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9/30/2018 Why Facts Don?t Change Our Minds https://jamesclear.com/why-facts-dont-change-minds 1/11 JAMES CLEAR Why Facts Don t Change Our Minds by James Clear (staging.jamesclear.com/about)????| ???? Decision Making (https://jamesclear.com/decision-making), Life Lessons (https://jamesclear.com/life- lessons) The economist J.K. Galbraith once wrote, ?Faced with a choice between changing one?s mind and proving there is no need to do so, almost everyone gets busy with the proof.? Leo Tolstoy was even bolder: ?The most difficult subjects can be explained to the most slow-witted man if he has not formed any idea of them already; but the simplest thing cannot be made clear to the most intelligent man if he is firmly

Social Contract Pictures

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R L H
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AP Psychology Semester Two

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Motivation: need to desire that energizes and directs behavior. Feelings or ideas that cause us to act towards a goal Theories of Motivations 1) Instincts & Evolutionary Psychology -> fixed behavior pattern; complex, enhanced behavior patterns of a species 2) Drives & Incentives Drive Reduction Theory -> behavior motivated by biological needs, such as hunger, sex, sleep and thirst. The need activates a drive which motivates to eat, drink, sleep, etc. Overall, the body seeks to maintain homeostasis. Drive: aroused, motivated state. Overimpluse to act in a way to satisfy psychological need Secondary Drive: learned drives (i.e money) Incentive Theory: extrinsic reward ->incentive is an environment stimulus that motivates behavior. We are drawn to incentives because of learning.

AP Psycholgy Chapter 4 Notes

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DEVELOPMENT Developmental psych-studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span Issue #1: Nature v. Nurture- how to genetic inheritance and experience influence our behavior John Locke ? tabula rasa (blank slate)?nurture Jean-Jacques Rousseau ? children should be allowed to grow as their nature dictates, don?t interfere-nature John B. Watson? everything is learned Issue #2: Continuity v. discontinuity (stage theorists) Continuity ? development is very gradual and there are few, if any, dramatic shifts in development (like riding an escalator) Discontinuity ? specific stages in cognitive and moral development- do our early personality traits persist through life, or do we become different as we age

AP Psychology Chapter 4: Development

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DEVELOPMENT Developmental psych-studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span Issue #1: Nature v. Nurture- how to genetic inheritance and experience influence our behavior John Locke ? tabula rasa (blank slate)?nurture Jean-Jacques Rousseau ? children should be allowed to grow as their nature dictates, don?t interfere-nature John B. Watson? everything is learned Issue #2: Continuity v. discontinuity (stage theorists) Continuity ? development is very gradual and there are few, if any, dramatic shifts in development (like riding an escalator) Discontinuity ? specific stages in cognitive and moral development- do our early personality traits persist through life, or do we become different as we age

Sigmund Freud

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Psychology's most famous figure is also one of the most influential and controversial thinkers of the twentieth century. Sigmund Freud's work and theories helped shape our views of childhood, personality, memory, sexuality and therapy. Other major thinkers have contributed work that grew out of Freud's legacy, while others developed new theories out of opposition to his ideas. In 2001,?Time Magazine?referred to Freud as one of the most important thinkers of the last century. A 2006?Newsweek?article called him "history's most debunked doctor." While his theories have been the subject of considerable controversy and debate, his impact on psychology, therapy, and culture is undeniable. As W.H. Auden wrote in his 1973 poem,?In Memory of Sigmund Freud,

ch 22 revolutions in europe

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-An average human being sleeps around seven to eight hours a day. By the time you turn 75, you would have slept about 25 years of your life away. If only you could take advantage of all this sleep time and attempt to do something somewhat productive during all this time. Well I am here to edify you on the concept of lucid dreaming. Lucid dreaming is when the dreamer is consciously aware there are dreaming. This of course comes at different levels. It could range from a slight acknowledgment that you are dreaming and not being able to alter your dream, to full-fledged awareness and the ability to change your dream. With the possibility of lucid dreaming, the benefits are endless.

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