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AP Psychology Semester Two

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Motivation: need to desire that energizes and directs behavior. Feelings or ideas that cause us to act towards a goal Theories of Motivations 1) Instincts & Evolutionary Psychology -> fixed behavior pattern; complex, enhanced behavior patterns of a species 2) Drives & Incentives Drive Reduction Theory -> behavior motivated by biological needs, such as hunger, sex, sleep and thirst. The need activates a drive which motivates to eat, drink, sleep, etc. Overall, the body seeks to maintain homeostasis. Drive: aroused, motivated state. Overimpluse to act in a way to satisfy psychological need Secondary Drive: learned drives (i.e money) Incentive Theory: extrinsic reward ->incentive is an environment stimulus that motivates behavior. We are drawn to incentives because of learning.

AP Psychology Semester One

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Chapter 1- Thinking Critically 1. Phrenology: A theory that claimed bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits. 2. Historical figures: - John Locke ("blank slate"): Believed that the at birth the mind was a blank slate, and that our brains grew and developed based on our experiences. The blank slate idea was called the ?tabular-raza? - Charles Darwin (evolution/adaptations): survival of the fittest - Wilhelm Wundt (structuralism and ?father? of psychology): Interested in studying people?s mental experiences. He used a method known as ?introspection? which had subjects engage in self-examination and describe their conscious experiences such as thinking feeling and perceiving.

psychology

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Religion Key Issue 4 Why Do Territorial Conflicts Arise Among Groups? Rubenstein Define fundamentalism. Fundamentalism is increasing in the world today and its growth contributes to conflicts. Why is it increasing? RELIGION VERSUS GOVERNMENT POLICIES In what ways did the Taliban government of Afghanistan raise conflicts with Western/modern ideas after it took control of the country in 1996? What aspect of Hinduism has clashed with Western/modern ideas? What Western groups criticized this aspect? How has the Indian government responded to this issue? In Russia/Soviet Union, how did each of the following attempt to limit the influence of religion, specifically the Eastern Orthodox Church? Czar Peter the Great Communism

Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion

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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion Motives: needs, wants, interests, and desire that propel people in certain directions Motivation-goal directed behavior MOST THEORIES DISTINGUSH BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL MOTIVES Biological is limited based on survival and Social is unlimited through learning/experiences. Biological Motives Social Motives Hunger Sleep Sex Thirst Order Motive Achievement Affiliation Dominance Henry Murray: Most people have needs for achievements, autonomy, affiliation, dominance, exhibition, and order/etc. Motivation of Hunger and Eating Bio Factors in Regulations of Hunger Cannon and Washburn- association with stomach contractions and hunger= NO CORRELATION! Having your stomach removed=you can still be hungry

JR Tucker List (1-316)

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Jr. Tucker List Part 1 1. Aaron Becks view of depression- developed a cognitive theory of depression; identified patterns of thinking that correlated with symptoms of depression. In an effort to better understand depression and related illness, he developed the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Scale for Suicide Ideation. Beck believes that depression is maintained because depressed patients are unaware of the negative automatic thoughts that they habitually formulate. 2. Absolute threshold- The minimum amount of physical energy needed to produce a reliable sensory experience; operationally defined as the stimulus level at which a sensory signal is detected half the time.

AP Psychology, Brain Powerpoint

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Brain Structures By Adam Michalowsky Cerebrum The Cerebrum is that largest part of the human brain It's divided into four different sections (lobes) They are called the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes Some of the functions of the Cerebrum are reasoning, planning, movement, emotions, problem solving, recognition, perception, memory and speech Frontal Lobe The Frontal Lobe is involved in a wide array of processes, such as all of our emotions and our personality When our frontal lobe is damaged, we are never the same Our personalities can be completely changed, just by a simple lesion to the frontal lobe Parietal Lobe Out of all of the Parietal Lobe's functions, its main ones are sensory information retrieval, interpretation, and perception

Research Methods

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Research Methods in Psychology (sparknotes.com) Psychological Research Psychologists study a wide range of topics, such as language development in children and the effects of sensory deprivation on behavior. They use scientifically testable models and methods to conduct their research. Describing Research Scientists use the following terms to describe their research: Variables:?the events, characteristics, behaviors, or conditions that researchers measure and study. Subject?orparticipant:?an individual person or animal a researcher studies. Sample:?a collection of subjects researchers study. Researchers use samples because they cannot study the entire population.

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