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Solubility

Solutions

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CHEMISTRY UNIT 8 SOLUTIONS 02-24-13 Solubility: A measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures Solute: The substance dissolved into another substance Solvent: The substance that does the dissolving Example: In a solution of salt and water, the salt is the solute and the water is the solvent NaCl (aq) recall that aq is the abbreviation for aqueous which means water is the solvent The more solute you add to a solution the more concentrated The less solute you add to a solution the more dilute Types of Solutions Saturated Solution: Contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature

Unit 4 Study List: Aqueous Solutions

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AP Chemistry Unit Four: Aqueous Solutions S T U D Y L I S T Properties of Aqueous Solutions ?? Define solute, solvent, and solution. Give examples. ?? Define electrolytes. Give operational and theoretical definitions of electrolytes. ?? Know that soluble ionic compounds and strong acids are strong electrolytes. Ionic compounds of low solubility [e.g. Mg(OH) 2 ] and weak acids/bases are weak electrolytes. ?? Know that molecular compounds (except acids) are non-electrolytes. ?? Know that alcohols (e.g. CH 3 OH )are not ionic hydroxides. Bases are usually metallic hydroxides. ?? Know the solubility rules. State whether an ionic compound is soluble in water. Precipitation Reactions ?? Know that ppt reactions are double

Solubility Lab

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Name________________________Name________________________Name________________________Name________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A SolutionSolutionSolutionSolution is a type of homogeneous mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another. The particles of the mixing substances are evenly spread throughout. The substance that is dissolved is called the solutesolutesolutesolute. The substance that does the dissolving is called the solventsolventsolventsolvent. If a substance is soluble in water, it means the substance can dissolve in water. The amount of solute that will dissolve in 100 grams of water is called the solubilitysolubilitysolubilitysolubility. Solubility is effected by

Solubility Chart

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Solubility Guidelines for Common Ionic Compounds in Water Soluble Compounds Important Exceptions Compounds containing the following: NO3- None C2H3O2- None Cl- Compounds of Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+ Br- Compounds of Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+ I- Compounds of Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+ So42- Compounds of Sr2+, Ba2+, Hg22+, Pb2+ Insoluble Compounds Important Exceptions Compounds containing the following: S2 Compounds of NH4+, the alkali metal cations, and Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ CO32- Compounds of NH4+, the alkali metal cations PO42- Compounds of NH4+, the alkali metal cations OH- Compounds of the alkali metal cations, and Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ Common Strong Acids and Bases Strong Acids Strong Bases Hydrochloric, HCl

Solubility Equilibria

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Solubility Equilibria Ch. 15 part 2 15.6 Solubility: amount (usually ________ ) of ________ that can dissolve in a given amount (usually __________) of ___________ Solubility of ionic compounds: table (from summer assignment) Dissolving reactions of ionic compounds: soluble compounds: dissociate ____________ into ions (_________ arrow reaction) ex. slightly soluble or insoluble compounds: dissociate __________ into ions (_______ arrow reaction) equilibrium constant: Ksp (________________________ constant) = Note: size of Ksp does NOT necessarily indicate size of solubility! Solubility must be ____________. *calculate Ksp from solubility *calculate solubility from Ksp HW: Ch. 15 Q. 81, 85, 89

Chemistry review sheet

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Final Review Sheet Radio Active Decays Alpha decay occurs when the nucleus emits an alpha particle. Alpha particles have a positive charge and are equivalent in size to a helium nucleus, and so they are symbolized as . Alpha particles are the largest radioactive particle emitted. This type of radioactivity results in a decrease in the atomic number by 2 and a decrease in the atomic mass by 4. The equation below shows uranium-234 undergoing alpha decay:
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