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Organelles

AP Biology Chapter 7 questions

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13. Explain how transport proteins are similar to enzymes. The transport proteins of the plasma membrane are similar to enzymes in that they sometimes catalyze one of a number of steps of a metabolic pathway. 14. Explain how transport proteins facilitate diffusion.

Taxonomy

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REVIEW OUTLINE ? TEST 2 CELLS/TAXONOMY CELL TYPES DOMAIN CRITERIA THE 6 KINGDOMS ? CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH THE MAJOR PHYLA CHORDATA VERTEBRATA ? MAMMALS, REPTILES, BIRDS, AMPHIBIANS, FISH HUMAN LINEAGE WE?RE UNIQUE AT WHAT POINT AND WHY? OPARIN-HALDANE MODEL ? PRIMITIVE ATMOSPHERE MILLER-UREY EXPERIMENT ? DETAILS OF SET-UP RESULTS ? WHAT DID THEY FIND? WHAT DIDN?T THEY FIND? CELL STRUCTURES CELL WALLS ? WHICH ONES? PLASMA MEMBRANE STRUCTURE ? DRAW IT! LABEL IT! TRANSPORT MECHANISMS PASSIVE ACTIVE ? DIAGRAMS ARE IMPORTANT TONICITY ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM OTHER ORGANELLES GOLGI ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) ROUGH AND SMOOTH CYTOSKELETON DIFFERENCES IN ?FIBERS? NUCLEUS DOUBLE MEMBRANE ? WHY? PORES ENDOSYMBIOSIS

mitochondrion

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Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. Each of these membranes is a?phospholipidbilayer with embedded proteins. The outermost membrane is smooth while the inner membrane has many folds. These folds are called cristae. The folds enhance the "productivity" of cellular respiration by increasing the available surface area. The double membranes divide the mitochondrion into two distinct parts: the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. The intermembrane space is the narrow part between the two membranes while the mitochondrial matrix is the part enclosed by the innermost membrane. Several of the steps in cellular respiration occur in the matrix due to its high concentration of enzymes.

Cell Division

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Cell Division Cell Division in Prokaryotes DNA is a circular chromosome attached to the inner surface of the plasma membrane like a rope attached to the inner wall of a tent Binary fission- Division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells DNA is copied, two identical chromosomes attach to the inside of the prokaryote?s inner cell membrane A new cell membrane begins to develop between the two DNA copies As new material is added, the growing cell membrane pushes inward and the cell is constricted in the center A new cell wall forms around the new membrane and the prokaryote is split into two Each cell contains one of the identical chromosomes that resulted from the copying of the original cell?s chromosomes Cell Division in Eukaryotes

bio 211 quiz

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Study tips for Quiz 3 Fluid mosaic membrane model Selective permeability: control what goes in and out of cell Compartmentalization: different processes can be separate Phospholipids-main component of membranes (50% by weight) Structure: hydrophilic heads faces out (water loving) polar surface Hydrophobic tails face in (weather fearing) non-polar region Interior 1972 singer and Garth Fluid- lipids and proteins can move relative to each other within membrane The typical membrane structure consists of a phospholipid bilayer with a number of proteins scattered throughout, along with some carbohydrates (glycoproteins), glycolipids and sterols, similar to the way in which one does a mosaic tile, hence the name. molecules involved in membrane transport Pg 107 fig 5.12

Chapter 6-A Tour of the Cell

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Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint? Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life ? All organisms are made of cells ? The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live ? Cell structure is correlated to cellular function ? All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 6-1 Concept 6.1: To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry ? Though usually too small to be seen by the

Anatomy and Physiology

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CELL OUTLINE I. Cell Defined living structural and functional units enclosed by a membrane arise from existing cells by cell division different types fulfill unique roles that support homeostasis and contribute to the functional capabilities of human organisms the form of the cell follows the function II. Parts of a Cell A. Plasma Membrane - (page 62) form?s the cell?s flexible outer surface, has a permeable barrier that regulates flow of materials in and out of cell. Also plays a key role in communication among cell. (outside layer of cell) i. Phospholipid Bilayer - basic framework of the plasma membrane. - 2 back-to-back layers - 3 types lipid molecules phospholipid 75% cholesterol 20% glycolipid 5% - amphipathic - have both polar and nonpolar parts

Cellular Respiration

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Cellular respiration is a cycle that occurs in both plant and animal cells. However, note that it does not occur in prokaryotic cells for they lack organelles. The first stage of cell respiration takes place outside the mitochondria and is called glycolosis. Here, glucose is converted to two pyruvates. Then through the Krebs Citric Acid Cycle, the pyruvate is changed to Acetyl-CoA and creates more ATP. Finally, the electron chain results in hydrogen ions being pumped out and then forced to diffuse back and in doing so, produce ATP through facilitated diffusion. In this manner, eukaryotic cells create ATP to power their cells.

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