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Protein biosynthesis

ps 2.4

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Solutions to Practice Problems for Molecular Biology, Session 3: Transcription, Translation ? ? Question 1 ? ? Fill in the table: ? Transcription Translation Where does this process occur in a nucleus cytoplasm eukaryotic cell? What is the enzyme that carries out RNA polymerase Ribosome this process? What is the template that is read DNA RNA during this process? In what direction is the template 3? ? 5? 5? ? 3? read? What is the start signal/sequence for promoter Start codon this process? What is the polymer that is formed? RNA polypeptide What monomer is used to form this ribonucleotides Amino acids polymer? What type of bond is formed phosphodiester peptide between monomers? In what direction is the new polymer 5? ? 3? N ? C

ps 2.3

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Practice Problems for Molecular Biology, Session 3: Transcription, Translation ? ? Question 1 ? ? Fill in the table: ? Transcription Translation Where does this process occur in a eukaryotic cell? ? ? What is the enzyme that carries out this process? ? ? What is the template that is read during this process? ? ? In what direction is the template read? ? ? What is the start signal/sequence for this process? ? ? What is the polymer that is formed? ? ? What monomer is used to form this polymer? ? ? What type of bond is formed between monomers? ? ? In what direction is the new polymer formed? ? ? What is the stop signal/sequence for this process? ? ?

exam2 soln

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Solutions to Molecular Biology Unit Exam Question 1 Consider the following origin of replication that is found on a chromosome. The sequence of region 1 is shown below. Region 1: 5??CTGACTGACA?3? 3??GACTGACTGT?5? 5? 3? 5? 3? Region 1 ori top ? bottom ? a) Within Region 1, which strand will be the template for leading strand synthesis, the top or the bottom? The bottom strand will be the template for leading strand synthesis. b) If we assume that a lagging strand fragment is made from region 1, what will be its sequence? 5? T G T C A G T C A G 3? c) You examine DNA replication in an E. coli mutant, which has a partially defective DNA polymerase. In vitro

Campbell AP Bio Chapter 17

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LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Lectures by Erin Barley Kathleen Fitzpatrick From Gene to Protein Chapter 17 Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information ? The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides ? The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins ? Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype ? Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via

Translation Lab

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Zoe Collins Zoe Collins Assignment 1 Would two nucleotides at a time be sufficient to provide enough codons to code for all 20 amino acids? Why or why not? How many amino acids could be coded for by codons containing only two nucleotides? Will three nucleotides per codon work? Why or why not?Explain your answers.

Protein Synthesis

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Protein Synthesis What are proteins? An organic molecule Building block is amino acids Examples: Enzymes Antibodies Hemoglobin Part of Cell Membrane Structural (Collagen) How Are Proteins Made? The instructions for building a protein are found on a gene (DNA). RNA copies the DNA code to make a protein. Step 1 of Protein Synthesis The 1st step is called TRANSCRIPTION Transcription (Transcribe) how would we define? Transcription The information in DNA must be written into mRNA code DNA strand mRNA Who is involved in Transcription? DNA and mRNA mRNA goes to the nucleus to copy DNA and takes the codons to the ribosome Step 2 of Protein Synthesis The 2nd step is called TRANSLATION Translation (Translate) how would we define? Translation

Freshman Biology

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final review

THE BIG PICTURE DNA RNA PROTEIN Replication Transcription Translation Nucleotide Structure SUGAR Ribose in RNA Deoxyribose in DNA PHOSPHATE BASE Function of DNA Replication Produce 2 DNA molecules identical to the parent molecule Each will be distributed to 2 new cells during mitosis & 4 gametes during meiosis Two things can happen to DNA: Replication - so that the cell can divide Transcription ? so that the code for making a protein can be sent into the cell TRANSCRIPTION Function Produce a temporary RNA copy complimentary to part of 1 DNA strand mRNA will be used to take DNA code to ribosome & make protein Transcription animation http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf Steps (in Nucleus)

protein synthesis

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14.1 Structure of ribonucleic acid The genetic code Sequence of nucleotides in DNA forms a code that determines the sequence of amino acids in the proteins. In eukaryotes the DNA code is largely confined to the nucleus. The synthesis of proteins takes place in the cytoplasm. Sections of the DNA code are transcribed onto a single-stranded molecule called ribonucleic acid RNA. There are a number of types of RNA. The one that transfers the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm acts as a type of messenger and is called messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA is small enough to leave the nucleus through the nuclear pores and to enter the cytoplasm, where the code that it contains is used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the proteins which are synthesised there.

API Marieb Notes Chapter 3

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Chapter 3: Cells Required Readings: pgs. 61 ? 77 and 81 - 106 Questions: Check your understanding #1, 3 ? 5, 8, 13, 17 ? 19, and 26 ? 31 Review questions #1 ? 6, 8, 10, 11, 13 ? 17, 21 ? 24; #8 Vocabulary terms: Cell Exocytosis Ribosomes Cell theory Endocytosis Cilia Plasma membrane Phagocytosis Flagella Selective permeability Pinocytosis Interphase Concentration gradient Receptor-mediated endocytosis G0 phase Homeostasis Microvilli G1 phase Integral proteins Tight junctions S phase Peripheral proteins Desmosomes G2 phase Hydrophobic tails Gap junctions Mitosis Hydrophilic heads Cytoplasm Mitotic phase Passive transport Nucleus Prophase Active transport Nuclear envelope Metaphase Solvent Nuclear pore Anaphase Solute

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