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Membrane biology

Campbell Biology Chapter 11 Outline

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Mica Piro Chapter 11: Cell Communication External Signals are Converted to Responses Within the Cell (11.1) Evolution of Cell Signaling One topic of sell ?conversation? is sex?a type of yeast cell identify their mates by chemical signaling 2 sexes: a and ? Each type secretes a specific factor that binds to receptors only on the other type of cell When exposed to each other?s mating actors, a pair of cells of opposite type change shape, grow toward each other, and fuse/matethe new a/? cell contains all the genes of both original cells Once received by the yeast cell surface receptor, a mating signal is changed, or transduced, into a form that brings about the response of mating, which occurs in a series of steps called a signal transduction pathway

Campbell Biology Chapter 7 Outline

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Mica Piro Chapter 7: Membrane Structure & Function Selective permeability: the plasma membrane allows some substances to cross it more easily than others Cellular Membranes are Fluid Mosaics of Lipids and Proteins (7.1) The ability of phospholipids to form membranes is inherent in their molecular structure?a phospholipid is an amphipathic molecule (has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region) A phospholipid bilayer can exist as a stable boundary between 2 aqueous compartments because the molecular arrangement shelters the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids from water while exposing the hydrophilic heads to the water Most membrane proteins are amphipathic

Campbell Biology Chapter 6 Outline

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Mica Piro Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Biologists Use Microscopes and the Tools of Biochemistry to Study Cells (6.1) Microscopy Microscopes first used by Renaissance scientists are all light microscopes (LM) Visible light passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses Lenses refract/bend the light so the image of the specimen is magnified as it is projected into the eye or into a camera Magnification: ratio of an object?s image size to its real size LMs can magnify about 1,000 times the actual size Higher magnification = less detailed image Resolution: a measure of the clarity of the image?minimum distance 2 points can be separated and still be distinguished as separate points Contrast: the difference in brightness between the light and dark areas of an image

Campbell Biology Chapter 36 Outline

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Mica Piro Chapter 36: Resource Acquisition & Transport in Vascular Plants Adaptations for acquiring resources were key steps in the evolution of vascular plants (36.1) EVOLUTON Land plants typically inhabit 2 worlds?above ground (where shoots acquire sunlight and CO2) and below ground (where roots acquire water and minerals) The algal ancestors of land plants absorbed water, minerals, and CO2 directly from the water in which they lived Earliest land plants were nonvascular plants that grew photosynthetic shoots above the shallow fresh water in which they lived The leafless shoots had waxy cuticles and few stomata, which allowed them to avoid excessive water loss while still permitting some exchange of CO2 and O2 for photosynthesis

Cell and Transport Study Guide

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Cells & Transport Study Guide Cell Theory 1) All living things are made up of cells 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism 3) New cells are produced from existing cells Scientists: 1665 Robert Hooke Coined word ?cell? Looked at cork under microscope 1674 Anton van Leeuwenhoek Perfected the simple microscope Discovered protozoa 1838 Matthias Schleiden Discovered/published fact that all plants are made of cells 1839 Theodor Schwann Discovered/published fact that all animals are made of cells 1855 Rudolf Virchow Discovered/published fact that all cells come from preexisting cells 1931 Janet Plowe Demonstrated that a cell is a physical structure 1970 Lynne Margulis Created endosymbiotic theory Endosymbiotic Theory

AP BIO Chapter 07

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Membranes and membrane transport are fundamental to cellular life. The concepts in this chapter require integration of concepts from previous chapters: the nature of water and hydrophobic versus hydrophilic molecules, the properties of lipid molecules and their role in regulating membrane fluidity, and the roles of proteins and carbohydrates in membrane function. The concepts of ion transport and electrochemical gradients across membranes are important foundations for the following chapters on energy metabolism. Finally, the bulk transport phenomena have important clinical significance in the immune system, during invasion by pathogens, and in cell signaling. Multiple-Choice Questions

AP BIO CHP 7 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 9e

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Membranes and membrane transport are fundamental to cellular life. The concepts in this chapter require integration of concepts from previous chapters: the nature of water and hydrophobic versus hydrophilic molecules, the properties of lipid molecules and their role in regulating membrane fluidity, and the roles of proteins and carbohydrates in membrane function. The concepts of ion transport and electrochemical gradients across membranes are important foundations for the following chapters on energy metabolism. Finally, the bulk transport phenomena have important clinical significance in the immune system, during invasion by pathogens, and in cell signaling. Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell AP Biology Study Guide Ch 11

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 11 Cell Communication Students will encounter the topic of cell signaling repeatedly in this course and throughout their studies of biology. Therefore, the more confident they are regarding the basic principles, the more successful they are liable to be when encountering the topic. This chapter includes more higher-skill-level questions and makes connections to the principle of evolution as well as to other chapters of the text. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Using the yeast signal transduction pathways, both types of mating cells release the mating factors. These factors bind to specific receptors on the correct cells, A) which induce changes in the cells that lead to cell fusion.

Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 7

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Membranes and membrane transport are fundamental to cellular life. The concepts in this chapter require integration of concepts from previous chapters: the nature of water and hydrophobic versus hydrophilic molecules, the properties of lipid molecules and their role in regulating membrane fluidity, and the roles of proteins and carbohydrates in membrane function. The concepts of ion transport and electrochemical gradients across membranes are important foundations for the following chapters on energy metabolism. Finally, the bulk transport phenomena have important clinical significance in the immune system, during invasion by pathogens, and in cell signaling. Multiple-Choice Questions

Tour of the cel

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Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell Types of Cells Prokaryotic- a type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed organelles Bacteria and Archaea DNA in the nucleoid which is not membrane-bound Eukaryotic- a type of cell with membrane bound organelles Protists, Plants, Fungi, and Animals Contian a membrane-bound nucleus Contain organelles and cytoplasm Both: Have ribosomes Plasma membrane Jelly-like cytosol Chromosomes *As the volume of a cell grows, the surface area increases proportionally because more plasma membrane needed to transfer necessary materials for the metabolic processes *Different organelles increase complexity of the cell because each organelle has a specific function, whit allows multiple activities to be going on in the cell at once The Nucleus

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