Dependent and independent variables

Descriptive statistics

Executive summary Arazindi Fashion House (AFH), an Australian clothing store, initiated a promotional technique in which customers were issued with a card that entitled them to a 20% discount on any purchase they made during the month of June. The nationwide sales manager of AFH conducted a research that was mainly intended to establish the effectiveness of this promotional technique. Particularly, the research intended to establish whether or not the amount of sales was influenced by the use of promotional cards. A sample of 200 customers was used in the research. From this sample, techniques of data analysis such as correlation, use of descriptive statistics, and graphical methods were used to answer the questions posed by the research. Statistical analysis Methods

STATS PRACTICE

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Regression analysis

Econometrics

Statistical dependence

Correlation and dependence

Scatter plot

Coefficient of determination

Causality

Confounding

Plot

AP Statistics Name ____________________________________________ Chapter 4 Practice Test Part I - Multiple Choice Suppose that the scatterplot of (log x, log y) shows a strong positive correlation Which of the following must be true? The variables x and y also have a correlation close to 1. A scatterplot of (x, y) shows a strong nonlinear pattern. The residual plot of the variables x and y shows a random pattern. I only II only III only I and II I, II, and III What is the purpose of residual plots? To determine causation. To assess the type of relationship that exists between x and y. To check the appropriateness and fit of the regression equation for the data. To measure the variability in the residuals. To provide predictions for the response variable.

Myers' Psychology for AP - Unit 2 Flashcards1

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Knowledge

Variable

Random assignment

Intelligence quotient

Internal validity

Extraneous variable

health

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it all-along-phenomenon) *Example: September 11th Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusion. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusion. *Example: An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. *Example: A testable prediction, often implied by a theory. *Example: A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. *Example: Human Intelligence may be operationally defined as what ban intelligence test measures.

AP Psych Chap 1 Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

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scientific method

Evaluation methods

Experimental psychology

research methods

Random assignment

experiment

Scientific control

health

Case study a descriptive research strategy in which one person is studied in great depth Control condition the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. Correlation a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two factors vary together and thus how well one factor can be predicted from the other. Correlations can be positive or negative. Critical thinking thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. Culture the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one

Weiten Chapter 2

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Correlation does not imply causation

Variable

experiment

Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology Looking for Laws: The Scientific Approach to Behavior Basic assumption: events are governed by some lawful order Goals: Measurement and description Understanding and prediction Application and control Figure 2.1 Flowchart of steps in a scientific investigation Steps in a Scientific Investigation Formulate a testable hypothesis Select the research method and design the study Collect the data Analyze the data and draw conclusions Report the findings Table 2.1 Key Data Collection Techniques in Psychology Looking for Causes: Experimental Research Experiment = manipulation of one variable under controlled conditions so that resulting changes in another variable can be observed Detection of cause-and-effect relationships

The Research in Psychology

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Correlation does not imply causation

experiment

SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 Grant Clay Period 3 9/2/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 2: The Research in Psychology Red ? Definition Blue - Important Points Green - Important People & Contributions Scientific Approach to Behavior The Scientific Approach assumes that events are governed by laws. Psychologists assume Behavior is governed by laws. (Like the Earth is governed by the law of Gravity.) 3 Goals of Scientific Enterprise Measurement & Description ? Develop Measurement techniques that describe behavior clearly and precisely. Understanding & Prediction ? Make and Test predictions called Hypothesis. Hypothesis ? Statements about the relationship between two or more variables.

Variables Practice

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Biology

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Mathematics

scientific method

AP

Biology

Independent and Dependent Variables An independent variable is a factor that is manipulated in an experiment.? The experimenter controls whether or not subjects are exposed to the independent variable.?? The dependent variable is measured to determine if the manipulation of the independent variable had any effect.? For example,?? to test a hypothesis that eating carrots improves vision, the experimenter would manipulate whether or not subjects ate carrots.? Thus, eating carrots is the independent variable.? Each subject?s vision would be tested to see if carrot eating had any effect.? Thus, vision is the dependent variable.? The subjects assigned to eat carrots are in the experimental group, whereas subjects not eating carrots are in the control group. ?

sociology

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Environmental Science

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Information

Research