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Ap Flashcards

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13703283888Rimland TheoryNicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest.0
13703283889Heartland Theorythe belief of Halford Mackinder that the interior of Eurasia provided a likely base for world conquest1
13703283890World Systems TheoryTheory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein that explains the emergence of a core, periphery, and semi periphery in terms of economic and political connections first established at the beginning of exploration in the late 15th century and maintained through increased economic access up until the present.2
13703283891BuhdismMeditate, tall buildings go towards sky3
13703283892HinduismLarge temple,Brahma,shiva and one other guy4
13703283893Islam5 pillars, quaran face Mecca5
13703283894compact stateideally circular with capital at the center ~ Ex. Lesotho ~ Ex. Swaziland6
13703283895fragmented state2 or more parts are separate from the state can be an island7
13703283896Prorupted Statea compact state with a large projecting extension:sticks out8
13703283897Perforated Statea state that completely surrounds another one9
13717906589Geometric boundarya fixed limit or extent that typically follows straight lines10
13717906590superimposed boundarya political boundary placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape11
13764299955Van Thunen ModelThe first ring is the town/city 2.dairying,vegetables,market gardens 3. Wood forest 4. Grain crops, hay fields 5. Meadows, grazing land12
13764856331vernacular regionA place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.13
13764856332formal regionAn area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics14
13769586254Where are the three main agricultural hearths?Central America North western South America Western Africa South east Asia15
13785724098Asian Tigersthe highly developed economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.16
13805591647agricultural sectorPrimary sector:Natural resource harvesting Secondary:factory Tertiary:consumer Quaternary:scientific methodology Quanary: high-level decision making17
13805808695Rostow's Modelfive stages a country goes through in developing their economy through international trade 1.traditional society 2. Preconditions for takeoff 3. Take off 4. Drive to maturity 5. Hi mass consumption18
13825647270remote sensingthe scanning of the earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it.19
13825647272GPSUsing satalite System for determiningAbsolute location of places and geographical features20
13825740084Distance DecayThe diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.21
13826034211cultural landscapeThe built environment of humans22
13826050757Spatial Perspectivethe essential questions and intellectual framework that looks "where" a specific phenomena locates, and searches for "why" the phenomena is happening there23
13826061139ConcentrationThe spread of something over a given area.24
13839369764Great MigrationMovement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs.25
13839369765Censusthe official count of a population26
13839369766Voluntary MigrationMovement of an individual who consciously and voluntarily decides to locate to a new area- the opposite of forced migration27
13849326959natural increasePopulation growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths; does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements28
13849332444Creole languagea language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in a place of the mother tongue29
13849355262lingua francaA common agreed language of business in an area where people speak different languages30
13849808901Edge CityA large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.31
13862167451relic boundarythey no longer exist as international boundaries.32
13952445087Expansion Diffusionoriginates in a central place and then expands outward in all directions to other locations33
13952445088Hierarchical DiffusionOriginates in a first order location and then moves down to second order location and from these to subordinate locations at increasingly local scales34
13952445089Contagious DiffusionBegins at a point of origin and then moves outward to nearby locations,ex Arab spring35
13952445090Stimulus DiffusionDiffuses then stimulates the creation of new products, gets better36
13952445091relocation diffusionBegins at a point of origin and then crosses a significant physical barrier ex ocean37

Chapter 3 AP Bio Flashcards

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10021208432A. always contain carbonOrganic compounds A. always contain carbon B. are synthesized by only animal cells C. always contain nitrogen D. always contain oxygen0
10021208450B. carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atomsWhich of the following statements regarding carbon is false? A. carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds B. carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms C. carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds D. carbon has the ability to bond together to form branched, or unbranched "carbon skeletons"1
10021208451A. hydrocarbons are inorganic compoundsWhich of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false? A. hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds B. hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atom C. hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single and double bonds D. hydrocarbons can form straight, branched or ringed structures2
10021208452D. -COOHWhich of the following is a carboxyl group? A.-C-O B. -OH C. -NH2 D. -COOH3
10021208433A. -NH2Which on of the following is an amino group? A. -NH2 B. -OH C. -COOH D. -CO4
10021208434A. amino acidWhich of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group? A. amino acid B. fat C. sugar D. vinegar5
10021208435D. Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysisWhich one of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? A. cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare B. The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal C. Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers D. Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis6
10021208436B. hydrolysisThe results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by A. condensation B. hydrolysis C. polymerization D. the addition of an amino group7
10021208453D. to speed up chemical reactionsWhat is the general function of enzymes within a cell? A.to promote the synthesis B. to induce chemical reactions C. to stop chemical reactions D. to speed up chemical reactions8
10021208437A. CH2OThe molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of A. CH2O B. CH3O C. CHO D. CHO29
10021208438D. polysaccharideA molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a(n) A. oil B. steroid C. protein D. polysaccharide10
10021208439B. -oseMany names for sugars end in the suffix A. -acid B. -ose C. -hyde D. -ase11
10021208440A. two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesisA disaccharide forms when A. two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis B. two starches join by dehydration synthesis C. two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis D. two starches join by hydrolysis12
10021208441C. cellulose, starch, and glycogenWhich one of the following lists contains only polysaccharides? A. sucrose, starch, and cellulose B. starch, amino acids, and glycogen C. cellulose, starch, and glycogen D. fructose, cellulose, and glucose13
10021208442D. glycogen; starchThe storage form of carbohydrates is _______ in animals and ________ in plants A. starch; glycogen B. glycogen; cellulose C. cellulose; glycogen D. glycogen; starch14
10021208454C. fungi and insectsWhich of the following organisms contain the polysaccharide chitin? A. animals and plants B. plants and bacteria C. fungi and insects D. insects and plants15
10021208443A. unsaturatedFatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be A. unsaturated B. saturated C. completely hydrogenated D. monoglycerides16
10021208444C. steroidsWhich one of the following substances is made of lipids? A. DNA B. cellulose C. steroids D. enzymes17
10021208445D. they are monomers used to build proteinsWhich one of the following statements about enzymes is false? A. they increase the rate of chemical reactions B. they function as chemical catalysts C. they regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell D. they are monomers used to build proteins18
10021208446B. the chemical properties of their R groupsAmino acids can be distinguished from one another by A. the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules B. the chemical properties of their R groups C. the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule D. the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups19
10021208455A. the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to proteinProteins differ from one another because A. the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein B. the peptide binds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein C. each protein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules D. the number of nucleotides founds in each protein varies from moleule to molecule20
10021208456B. amino acidsGlucose molecules are to starch as _____ are to proteins A. oils B. amino acids C. fatty acids D. monosaccharides21
10021208447D. link amino acidsPeptide bonds A. are used to form amino acids B. form between fatty acids C. are formed by a hydrolysis reaction D. link amino acids22
10021208457C. an enzymeWhich of the following would be correctly classified as a protein? A. chlesterol B. starch C. an enzyme D. cellulose23
10021208458C. freezingProteins cannot be denatured by A. heat B. changes in pH C. freezing D. changes in salt concentration24
10021208448B. DNA, nucleotidesWhich of the following correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer? A. cellulose, amino acids B. DNA, nucleotides C. collagen, nucleic aacids D. RNA ribose25
10021208449B. the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chainThe primary structure of a protein is A. an alpha helix or a pleated sheet B. the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain C. composed of two or more polypeptide chains D. maintained by hydrogen bonds26
10021208459D. AGCTACCWhat is the complementary sequence to the DNA stramd TCGATGG? A. TCGATCC B. GGTAGCT C. AGCUACC D. AGCTACC27
10021208460B. amino group to carboxyl groupHow are these two amino acids attached together? A.amino group to amino group B. amino group to carboxyl group C. carboxylic group to carboxylic acid group D. through a hydrolysis reaction28
10021208461A. the protein would become denatured due to the acidic environmentYour first big biology exam is coming up in a few days, and in order to prepare for late-night study sessions, you buy a box of Yummies, a delicious type of snack cake. After checking out the nutrition facts label on the side of the box, you discover that a single Yummie cake contains 4.5 grams of total fat, 27 grams of carbohydrate, 0 grams of fiber, and 1 gram of protein. The pH of the stomach is extremely acidic (~ pH 2). If you ate a Yummie cake, what do you think would happen to the protein that you ingested as it passes through the stomach? A. the protein would become denatured due to the acidic environment B. The protein would form longer proteins via dehydration synthesis reactions C. The protein would speed up digestion because it is an enzyme D. The protein would get broken down via dehydration synthesis reactions29
10021208462C. monosaccharidesYour first big biology exam is coming up in a few days, and in order to prepare for late-night study sessions, you buy a box of Yummies, a delicious type of snack cake. After checking out the nutrition facts label on the side of the box, you discover that a single Yummie cake contains 4.5 grams of total fat, 27 grams of carbohydrate, 0 grams of fiber, and 1 gram of protein. After eating a Yummie cake, what molecule do you expect to be most abundant in your digestive system? A. amino acids B. cellulose C. monosaccharides D. triglycerides30

ap Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
13773287882agglomerationGrouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.0
13773291936ancillary activitieseconomic activities that surround and support large-scale industries such as shipping and food service1
13773295637backwash effectThe negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region.2
13773299430break-bulk pointA location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets.3
13773307378brick-and-mortar businessTraditional businesses with actual stores in which trade or retail occurs, it does not exist solely on the internet.4
13773330996bulk-gaining industriesIndustries whose products weigh more after assembly than they did previously in their constituent parts. Such industries tend to have production facilities close to their markets.5
13773336740bulk-reducing industriesIndustries whose final products weigh less than their constituent parts, and whose processing facilities tend to be located close to sources of raw materials.6
13773342609conglomerate corporationA firm that is comprised of many smaller firms that serve several different functions.7
13773346156coreNational or global regions where economic power, in terms of wealth, innovation, and advanced technology, is concentrated.8
13773352835core-periphery modelA model of the spatial structure of development in which underdeveloped countries are defined by their dependence on a developed core region.9
13773361409cottage industryAn industry in which the production of goods and services is based in homes, as opposed to factories.10
13773364872deglomerationThe dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration.11
13773373460deindustrializationLoss of industrial activity in a region.12
13773375232developmentthe process of economic growth, expansion, or realization of regional resource potential13
13773425764e-commerceWeb-based economic activities14
13773431905economic backwatersRegions that fail to gain from national economic development.15
13773435925ecotourismA form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way.16
13773439831export-processing zoneareas where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries17
13773442472fast worldAreas of the world, usually the economic core, that experience greater levels of connection due to high-speed telecommunications and transportation technologies.18
13773446442footloose firmsManufacturing activities in which cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determining the location of the firm.19
13773449089fordismSystem of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford.20
13773455935foreign investmentOverseas business investments made by private companies.21
13773466532gender equityA measure of the opportunities given to woman compared to men within a given country.22
13773472231globalizationthe idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected on a global scale such that smaller scales of political and economic life are becoming obsolete23
13773505457gross domestic productThe total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year.24
13773514161gross national productThe total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year.25
13773520469human developement indexmeasures by the UN that calculates developement not in terms of money or productivity but in terms of human welfare, based on three perameters: life exspectancy, education, and income26
13773530167industrial revolutionthe rapid economic and social changes in manufacturing that resulted after the introduction of the factory system to the textile industry in England at the end of the 18th century27
13773556789industrializationProcess of industrial development in which countries evolve economically, from producing basic, primary goods to using modern factories for mass-producing goods. At the highest levels of development, national economies are geared mainly toward the delivery of services and exchange of information.28
13773562449industrialized countriesThose countries including Britain, France, the United States, Russia, Germany, and Japan, that were all at the forefront of industrial production and innovation through the middle of the 20th century. While industry is currently shifting to other countries to take advantage of cheaper labor and more relaxed environmental standards, these countries still account for a large portion of the world's total industrial output.29
13773573929least-cost theorya concept developed by Alfred Weber to describe the optimal location of a manufacturing establishment in relation to the costs of transport and labor, and the relative advantages of agglomeration or deglomeration30

AP Biology 8 Photosynthesis Flashcards

Photosynthesis

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13523433567photosynthesis (definition)process of harnessing light energy to build carbohydrates in autotrophs (ex. plants, cyanobacteria)0
13523433571photosynthesis (equation)6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6 O21
13523433572autotrophorganism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food (producer)2
13523433573heterotrophorganism that cannot produce its own food and therefore obtains it by consuming other living things (consumer)3
13523433574anabolicWhat kind of a process is photosynthesis?4
13523433575catabolicWhat kind of a process is cellular respiration?5
13523433576light-dependent reactions1st step of photosynthesis during which light energy is captured and used to synthesize ATP and NADPH6
13523433577light-independent reactions2nd step of photosynthesis during which CO2 is incorporated into a sugar molecule using ATP and NADPH produced during the first step7
13523433578thylakoid membranes of chloroplastslocation of light-dependent reactions8
13523433579stroma of chloroplastslocation of light-independent reactions9
13523433580G3Pcarbon product of the light-independent reactions10
13523433581pigmentssubstances that can absorb, reflect, or transmit light11
13523433582absorption spectrumgraph of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light12
13523433583violet, blue and redWhich wavelengths of the visible light spectrum do chlorophylls absorb?13
13523433584green and yellowWhich wavelengths of the visible light spectrum do chlorophylls reflect?14
13523433568carotenoidsaccessory pigments in chloroplasts that broaden the spectrum of colors used in photosynthesis15
13523433585photosystemsphotosynthetic pigments embedded with protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane16
13523433586watersplitting this molecule replaces electrons which are excited and passed to primary electron acceptor in PSII17
13523433587O2released as a byproduct of splitting water18
13523433588proton-motive forcecreated by pumping hydrogen ions from stroma to thylakoid space during electron transport chain between PS II and PS I19
13523433589ATP synthaseenzyme that synthesies ATP by utilizing a proton-motive force20
13523433569Calvin cycle, dark reactions, and carbon fixationother names for light independent reactions21
13523433591reductionstep in Calvin cycle that produces sugar G3P22
13523433592carbon dioxidemolecule reduced in Calvin cycle to produce sugar23
13523433570thylakoidsflattened membranous sacs inside chloroplasts that contain systems which convert light energy to chemical energy24
13523433593absorbedenergy is ____________ in photosynthesis25
13523433594releasedenergy is _____________ in cellular respiration26
13523433595glucose and oxygenreactants of cellular respiration27
13523433596carbon dioxide and waterreactants of photosynthesis28
13523433597glucosesource of electrons used in ETC of cellular respiration29
13523433598intermembrane spacesite of proton gradient built up in cellular respiration30
13523433599thylakoid spacesite of proton gradient built up in photosynthesis31
13523433600NAD+ and FADhigh energy electron carrier(s) before reduction in cellular respiration (after they drop off electrons at ETC)32
13523433601NADH and FADH2high energy electron carrier(s) after reduction in cellular respiration (after they pick up electrons from Kreb's cycle)33
13523433602NADP+high energy electron carrier(s ) before reduction in photosynthesis (after they drop off electrons for Calvin cycle)34
13523433603NADPHhigh energy electron carrier(s ) after reduction in photosynthesis (after they pick up electrons from ETC)35
13523433604ATPenergy product(s) from ETC in cellular respiration36
13523433605ATP and NADPHenergy product(s) from ETC in photosynthesis37
13523433606glucose, NADH and FADH2reactant(s) oxidized in cellular respiration38
13523433607H2Oreactant(s) oxidized in photosynthesis (source of electrons)39
13523433609stomatapore-like openings on underside of leaves that allow gases (CO2 and O2) and water to diffuse in and out40

AP Vocabulary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
13655063374die Ausbildungeducation, apprenticeship0
13655067117der Berufprofession1
13655068661der Betriebbusiness, factory2
13655074660die Erfahrungexperience3
13655077934das Gesetzlaw4
13655081365die Ursachecause, reason5
13655084973die Verantwortungresponsibility6
13655091092verursachento cause7
13655102087die Bevölkerungpopulation8
13655105342der Einwohner, der Bewohnerresident, inhabitant9
13655113340beeinflussento affect10
13655115515sich engagierento get involved11
13655123862unterstützento support12
13655127401verdienento earn13
13655133966alleinerziehendsingle parent14
13655135588unabhängigindependent15
13655138871wirtschaftlicheconomic16
13655144675die Ernährungfood, nutrition, diet17
13655150834Klimagasegreenhouse gases18
13655154444die Landwirtschaftagriculture, farming19
13655158557der Verbraucherconsumer20
13655164186wachsento grow21
13655168509zur Verfügung stehento be available22
13655180336das Gemäldepainting23
13655183189der Kriegwar24
13655184904die Machtpower25
13655189836der Widerstandresistance26
13655193283besitzento own, possess27
13655198030zwingenforce28
13655201913furchtbarterrible29
13655206303verschiedendifferent30
13655217879komischstrange, funny31
13655218994lustigfunny32
13655225565der Abfall, der Mülltrash, garbage33
13655231152das Atomkraftwerk, das Kernkraftwerknuclear power plant34
13655233827die Auswirkungeffect35
13655238809die Bevölkerungpopulation, people36
13655240984die Entsorgungdisposal37
13655248067die globale Erwärmungglobal warming38
13655257064der Klimaschutzclimate protection39
13655259096der Klimawandelclimate change40
13655260957der Lebensraumhabitat41
13655266907die Mehrwegflaschereusable bottle42
13655270413die Pfandflaschebottle with deposit43
13655273037der Rohstoffnatural resource44
13655276986die Solaranlagesolar energy plant45
13655284670das Treibhausgasgreenhouse gas46
13655289265der Umweltschutzenvironmental protection47
13655292580der Windparkwind farm48
13655297874recycelnto recycle49
13655302268vermeidento avoid50
13655304810der Schadendamage, loss, injury, harm51
13655307103vergiftento poison52
13655310068erneuerbarrenewable53
13655313926umweltfreundlichenvironmentally friendly54
13655324020der Angehörigerelative, member55
13655328234der Flüchtlingrefugee56
13655336828der Ossiperson from the former East Germany57
13655338261der Wessiperson from West Germany58
13655344933fliehen, flüchtento flee, escape59
13655347325die Vergangenheitthe past60
13655353350errichtenerect, establish61
13655355081die Mauerwall62
13655371042die Wiedervereinigungreunification63
13655374504die Grenzeborder64
13655378678der Widerstandresistance65
13655381176die Reisefreiheitfreedom to travel66
13655388522der WiederaufbauReconstruction67
13655390498die Trümmerruins, rubble68
13655397032der Auswandereremigrant69
13655401922die Arbeitskraftworkforce, manpower70
13655406478der Einwandererimmigrant71
13655409123die Fremdenfeindlichkeitxenophobia72
13655412414die Herkunftorigin73
13655416019der Migrationshintergrundmigration background74
13655419827die Staatsangehörigkeit, die Staatsbürgerschaftnationality, citizenship75
13655432929scheiternto fail76
13655443258bedrohento threaten77
13655449497die Freiheitfreedom, liberty78

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