AP Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13541068593 | eccentric | off-center, hence a bit odd, weird, peculiar | 0 | |
| 13541088841 | "e" or "ex" | out of | 1 | |
| 13541100840 | elusive | out of reach, hard to catch, evasive | 2 | |
| 13541107176 | eminent | outstanding, illustrious, very prominent, notable | 3 | |
| 13541122223 | exorbitant | out of orbit, hence unreasonable | 4 | |
| 13541132552 | expound | to elaborate, to explain in great detail | 5 | |
| 13541145693 | Extricate | to get out an entanglement or difficulty | 6 | |
| 13541161478 | extrovert | vert: turn ex: out; turned outward; an outgoing personality | 7 | |
| 13541173279 | amorphous | a: not morph: shape; having no form or shape | 8 | |
| 13541293233 | anarchy | no government | 9 | |
| 13541478844 | "a" "an" | no, not | 10 | |
| 13541504764 | anomaly | not following the norm, hence an exception to a rule | 11 | |
| 13541521622 | "re" | back, again | 12 | |
| 13542271715 | redundant | to repetitious; using more words than necessary | 13 | |
| 13542287660 | refurbish | to make new again, renovate | 14 | |
| 13542299507 | rejuvenate | juv: young; to make young again | 15 | |
| 13542307300 | repatriate | patr: country; to return to one's country of origin | 16 | |
| 13542325696 | resilient | to bounce back from adversity or change | 17 | |
| 13542330922 | revitalize | vita: life; to give life back, to re-energize | 18 | |
| 13542346846 | revoke | to take back | 19 |
Flashcards
AP Psychology AP Review Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13814621716 | psychology | the study of behavior and mental processes | 0 | |
| 13814621717 | psychology's biggest question | Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture? | 1 | |
| 13814621718 | psychology's three levels of analysis | biopsychosocial approach (looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together) | 2 | |
| 13814621719 | biological approach | genetics, close-relatives, body functions | 3 | |
| 13814621720 | evolutionary approach | species - helped with survival (ancestors) | 4 | |
| 13814621721 | psychodynamic approach | (Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes | 5 | |
| 13814621722 | behavioral approach | learning (classical and operant) observed | 6 | |
| 13814621723 | cognitive approach | thinking affects behavior | 7 | |
| 13814621724 | humanistic approach | becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance) | 8 | |
| 13814621725 | social-cultural approach | cultural, family, environment | 9 | |
| 13814621726 | two reasons of why experiments are important | hindsight bias + overconfidence | 10 | |
| 13814621727 | types of research methods | descriptive, correlational, and experimental | 11 | |
| 13814621728 | descriptive methods | case study survey naturalistic observation (DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT) | 12 | |
| 13814621729 | case study | studies one person in depth may not be typical of population | 13 | |
| 13814621730 | survey | studies lots of people not in depth | 14 | |
| 13814621731 | naturalistic observation | observe + write facts without interference | 15 | |
| 13814621732 | correlational method | shows relation, but not cause/effect scatterplots show research | 16 | |
| 13814621733 | correlation coefficient | + 1.0 (both increase) 0 (no correlation - 1.0 (one increases, other decreases) | 17 | |
| 13814621734 | experimental method | does show cause and effect | 18 | |
| 13814621735 | population | type of people who are going to be used in experiment | 19 | |
| 13814621736 | sample | actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias) | 20 | |
| 13814621737 | random assignment | chance selection between experimental and control groups | 21 | |
| 13814621738 | control group | not receiving experimental treatment receives placebo | 22 | |
| 13814621739 | experimental group | receiving treatment/drug | 23 | |
| 13814621740 | independent variable | drug/procedure/treatment | 24 | |
| 13814621741 | dependent variable | outcome of using the drug/treatment | 25 | |
| 13814621742 | confounding variable | can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control | 26 | |
| 13814621743 | scientific method | theory hypothesis operational definition revision | 27 | |
| 13814621744 | theory | general idea being tested | 28 | |
| 13814621745 | hypothesis | measurable/specific | 29 | |
| 13814621746 | operational definition | procedures that explain components | 30 | |
| 13814621747 | mode | appears the most | 31 | |
| 13814621748 | mean | average | 32 | |
| 13814621749 | median | middle | 33 | |
| 13814621750 | range | highest - lowest | 34 | |
| 13814621751 | standard deviation | how scores vary around the mean | 35 | |
| 13814621752 | central tendency | single score that represents the whole | 36 | |
| 13814621753 | bell curve | (natural curve) |  | 37 |
| 13814621754 | ethics of testing on animals | need to be treated humanly basically similar to humans | 38 | |
| 13814621755 | ethics of testing on humans | consent debriefing no unnecessary discomfort/pain confidentiality | 39 | |
| 13814621756 | sensory neurons | travel from sensory receptors to brain | 40 | |
| 13814621757 | motor neurons | travel from brain to "motor" workings | 41 | |
| 13814621758 | interneurons | (in brain and spinal cord) connecting motor and sensory neurons | 42 | |
| 13814621950 | neuron |  | 43 | |
| 13814621759 | dendrites | receive messages from other neurons | 44 | |
| 13814621760 | myelin sheath | protects the axon | 45 | |
| 13814621761 | axon | where charges travel from cell body to axon terminal | 46 | |
| 13814621762 | neurotransmitters | chemical messengers | 47 | |
| 13814621763 | reuptake | extra neurotransmitters are taken back | 48 | |
| 13814621764 | excitatory charge | "Let's do it!" | 49 | |
| 13814621765 | inhibitory charge | "Let's not do it!" | 50 | |
| 13814621766 | central nervous system | brain and spinal cord | 51 | |
| 13814621767 | peripheral nervous system | somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system | 52 | |
| 13814621768 | somatic nervous system | voluntary movements | 53 | |
| 13814621769 | autonomic nervous system | involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) | 54 | |
| 13814621770 | sympathetic nervous system | arousing | 55 | |
| 13814621771 | parasympathetic nervous system | calming | 56 | |
| 13814621772 | neural networks | more connections form with greater use others fall away if not used | 57 | |
| 13814621773 | spinal cord | expressway of information bypasses brain when reflexes involved | 58 | |
| 13814621774 | endocrine system | slow uses hormones in the blood system | 59 | |
| 13814621775 | master gland | pituitary gland | 60 | |
| 13814621776 | brainstem | extension of the spinal cord responsible for automatic survival | 61 | |
| 13814621777 | reticular formation (if stimulated) | sleeping subject wakes up | 62 | |
| 13814621778 | reticular formation (if damaged) | coma | 63 | |
| 13814621779 | brainstem (if severed) | still move (without purpose) | 64 | |
| 13814621780 | thalamus | sensory switchboard (does not process smell) | 65 | |
| 13814621781 | hypothalamus | basic behaviors (hunger, thirst, sex, blood chemistry) | 66 | |
| 13814621782 | cerebellum | nonverbal memory, judge time, balance emotions, coordinate movements | 67 | |
| 13814621783 | cerebellum (if damaged) | difficulty walking and coordinating | 68 | |
| 13814621784 | amygdala | aggression, fear, and memory associated with these emotions | 69 | |
| 13814621785 | amygdala (if lesioned) | subject is mellow | 70 | |
| 13814621786 | amygdala (if stimulated) | aggressive | 71 | |
| 13814621787 | hippocampus | process new memory | 72 | |
| 13814621788 | cerebrum | two large hemispheres perceiving, thinking, and processing | 73 | |
| 13814621789 | cerebral cortex | only in higher life forms | 74 | |
| 13814621790 | association areas | integrate and interpret information | 75 | |
| 13814621791 | glial cells | provide nutrients to myelin sheath marks intelligence higher proportion of glial cells to neurons | 76 | |
| 13814621792 | frontal lobe | judgement, personality, processing (Phineas Gage accident) | 77 | |
| 13814621793 | parietal lobe | math and spatial reasoning | 78 | |
| 13814621794 | temporal lobe | audition and recognizing faces | 79 | |
| 13814621795 | occipital lobe | vision | 80 | |
| 13814621796 | corpus callosum | split in the brain to stop hyper-communication (eliminate epileptic seizures) | 81 | |
| 13814621797 | Wernicke's area | interprets auditory and hearing | 82 | |
| 13814621798 | Broca's area | speaking words | 83 | |
| 13814621799 | plasticity | ability to adapt if damaged | 84 | |
| 13814621800 | sensation | what our senses tell us | 85 | |
| 13814621801 | bottom-up processing | senses to brain | 86 | |
| 13814621802 | perception | what our brain tells us to do with that information | 87 | |
| 13814621803 | top-down processing | brain to senses | 88 | |
| 13814621804 | inattentional blindness | fail to "gorilla" because attention is elsewhere | 89 | |
| 13814621805 | cocktail party effect | even with tons of stimuli, we are able to pick out our name, etc. | 90 | |
| 13814621806 | change blindness | giving directions and person is changed and we don't notice | 91 | |
| 13814621807 | choice blindness | when defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed | 92 | |
| 13814621808 | absolute threshold | minimum stimulation needed in order to notice 50% of the time | 93 | |
| 13814621809 | signal detection theory | we notice what is more important to us (rather hear a baby crying) | 94 | |
| 13814621810 | JND (just noticeable difference) | (Weber's law) difference between different stimuli noticed in proportion | 95 | |
| 13814621811 | sensory adaptation | tired of noticing (Brain says, "Been there, done that. Next?" | 96 | |
| 13814621812 | rods | night time | 97 | |
| 13814621813 | cones | color | 98 | |
| 13814621814 | parallel processing | notice color, form, depth, movement, etc. | 99 | |
| 13814621815 | Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | 3 corresponding color receptors (RGB) | 100 | |
| 13814621816 | Hering's opponent-process theory | after image in opposite colors (RG, YB, WB) | 101 | |
| 13814621817 | trichromatic + opponent-process | Young-Helmholtz -> color stimuli Hering -> en route to cortex | 102 | |
| 13814621818 | frequency we hear most | human voice | 103 | |
| 13814621819 | Helmoltz (hearing) | we hear different pitches in different places in basilar membrane (high pitches) | 104 | |
| 13814621820 | frequency theory | impulse frequency (low pitches) | 105 | |
| 13814621821 | Helmholtz + frequency theory | middle pitches | 106 | |
| 13814621822 | Skin feels what? | warmth, cold, pressure, pain | 107 | |
| 13814621823 | gate-control theory | small fibers - pain large fibers - other senses | 108 | |
| 13814621824 | memory of pain | peaks and ends | 109 | |
| 13814621825 | smell | close to memory section (not in thalamus) | 110 | |
| 13814621826 | grouping | Gestalt make sense of pieces create a whole | 111 | |
| 13814621827 | grouping groups | proximity similarity continuity connectedness closure | 112 | |
| 13814621828 | make assumptions of placement | higher - farther smaller - farther blocking - closer, in front | 113 | |
| 13814621829 | perception = | mood + motivation | 114 | |
| 13814621830 | consciousness | awareness of ourselves and the environment | 115 | |
| 13814621831 | circadian rhythm | daily biological clock and regular cycle (sleep and awake) | 116 | |
| 13814621832 | circadian rhythm pattern | - activated by light - light sensitive retinal proteins signal brains SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) - pineal gland decreases melatonin | 117 | |
| 13814621833 | What messes with circadian rhythm? | artificial light | 118 | |
| 13814621834 | The whole sleep cycle lasts how long? | 90 minutes | 119 | |
| 13814621835 | sleep stages | relaxed stage (alpha waves) stage 1 (early sleep) (hallucinations) stage 2 (sleep spindles - bursts of activity) (sleep talk) stage 3 (transition phase) (delta waves) stage 4 (delta waves) (sleepwalk/talk + wet the bed) stage 5 (REM) (sensory-rich dreams) (paradoxical sleep) | 120 | |
| 13814621836 | purpose of sleep | 1. recuperation - repair neurons and allow unused neural connections to wither 2. making memories 3. body growth (children sleep more) | 121 | |
| 13814621837 | insomnia | can't sleep | 122 | |
| 13814621838 | narcolepsy | fall asleep anywhere at anytime | 123 | |
| 13814621839 | sleep apnea | stop breathing in sleep | 124 | |
| 13814621840 | night terrors | prevalent in children | 125 | |
| 13814621841 | sleepwalking/sleeptalking | hereditary - prevalent in children | 126 | |
| 13814621842 | dreaming (3) | 1. vivid bizarre intense sensory experiences 2. carry fear/survival issues - vestiges of ancestors' survival ideas 2. replay previous day's experiences/worries | 127 | |
| 13814621843 | purpose of dreaming (5 THEORIES) | 1. physiological function - develop/preserve neural pathways 2. Freud's wish-fulfillment (manifest/latent content) 3. activation synthesis - make sense of stimulation originating in brain 4. information processing 5. cognitive development - reflective of intelligence | 128 | |
| 13814621844 | 1. Can hypnosis bring you back in time? 2. Can hypnosis make you do things you wouldn't normally do? 3. Can it alleviate pain? 4. What state are you in during hypnosis? 5. Who is more susceptible? | 1. cannot take you back in time 2. cannot make you do things you won't do 3. can alleviate pain 4. fully conscious ((IMAGINATIVE PEOPLE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE)) | 129 | |
| 13814621845 | depressants | slows neural pathways | 130 | |
| 13814621846 | alcohol | ((depressant)) disrupts memory formation (REM) lowers inhibition expectancy effect | 131 | |
| 13814621847 | barbituates (tranquilizers) | ((depressant)) reduce anxiety | 132 | |
| 13814621848 | opiates | ((depressant)) pleasure reduce anxiety/pain | 133 | |
| 13814621849 | stimulants | hypes neural processing | 134 | |
| 13814621850 | methamphetamine | ((stimulant)) heightens energy euphoria affects dopamine | 135 | |
| 13814621851 | caffeine | ((stimulant)) | 136 | |
| 13814621852 | nicotine | ((stimulant)) CNS releases neurotransmitters calm anxiety reduce pain affects (nor)epinephrine and dopamine | 137 | |
| 13814621853 | cocaine | ((stimulant)) euphoria affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine | 138 | |
| 13814621854 | hallucinogen | excites neural activity | 139 | |
| 13814621855 | ecstasy | ((hallucinogen)) reuptake is blocked affects dopamine and serotonin | 140 | |
| 13814621856 | LSD | ((hallucinogen)) affects sensory/emotional "trip" (+/-) affects serotonin | 141 | |
| 13814621857 | marijuana | ((hallucinogen)) amplify sensory experience disrupts memory formation | 142 | |
| 13814621858 | learning | organism changing behavior due to experience (association of events) | 143 | |
| 13814621859 | types of learning | classical operant observational | 144 | |
| 13814621860 | famous classical psychologists | Pavlov and Watson | 145 | |
| 13814621861 | famous operant psychologist | Skinner | 146 | |
| 13814621862 | famous observational psychologists | Bandura | 147 | |
| 13814621863 | classical conditioning | outside stimulus | 148 | |
| 13814621864 | Pavlov's experiment | Step 1: US (food) -> UR (salivation) Step 2: NS (bell) -> US (food) -> UR (salivation) Later... CS (bell) -> CR (salivation) | 149 | |
| 13814621865 | Watson's experiment | white rat was given to Little Albert Step 1: US (noise) -> UR (cry) Step 2: NS (rat) -> US (noise) -> UR (cry) Later... CS (rat) -> CR (cry) | 150 | |
| 13814621866 | generalization | any small, white fluffy creature will make Albert cry now | 151 | |
| 13814621867 | discriminate | any large, white fluffy creature won't make Albert cry | 152 | |
| 13814621868 | extinction | stop "treating" with conditioned response | 153 | |
| 13814621869 | spontaneous recovery | bring stimulus back after a while | 154 | |
| 13814621870 | operant conditioning | control by organism | 155 | |
| 13814621871 | Skinner's experiment | operant chamber / Skinner box (lead to shaping) | 156 | |
| 13814621872 | shaping | get animal closer to doing what you want them to do | 157 | |
| 13814621873 | reinforcers | want to continue behavior (positive reinforcement: give money to do laundry) (negative reinforcement: do to avoid nagging) | 158 | |
| 13814621874 | punishments | want to stop behavior (positive reinforcement: smack) (negative reinforcement: take away phone) | 159 | |
| 13814621875 | fixed ratio | happens a certain number of times (Starbucks punch card) | 160 | |
| 13814621876 | variable ratio | happens an unpredictable number of times (winning the lottery) | 161 | |
| 13814621877 | organism must do these (2 times) | fixed ratio and variable ratio | 162 | |
| 13814621878 | fixed interval | happens at a certain time (mailman comes to the house at 10:00 AM) | 163 | |
| 13814621879 | variable interval | happens at any time (receive texts from friends) | 164 | |
| 13814621880 | these things happen regardless (2 times) | fixed interval and variable interval | 165 | |
| 13814621881 | Which (fixed/variable) conditions better? | variable | 166 | |
| 13814621882 | criticisms of Skinner | doesn't take into account intrinsic motivation | 167 | |
| 13814621883 | intrinsic motivation | doing something for yourself, not the reward | 168 | |
| 13814621884 | extrinsic motivation | doing something for reward | 169 | |
| 13814621885 | Skinner's legacy | use it personally, at school, and at work | 170 | |
| 13814621886 | famous observational experiment | Bandura's Bobo doll | 171 | |
| 13814621887 | famous observational psychologist | Bandura | 172 | |
| 13814621888 | mirror neurons | "feel" what is observed happens in higher order animals | 173 | |
| 13814621889 | Bobo doll experiment legacy | violent video games/movies desensitize us see good: do good see evil: do evil | 174 | |
| 13814621890 | observational learning | biological behaviors work best | 175 | |
| 13814621891 | habituation | get used to it -> stop reacting | 176 | |
| 13814621892 | examples for observational learning | lectures and reading | 177 | |
| 13814621893 | serotonin involved with memory | speeds the connection between neurons | 178 | |
| 13814621894 | LTP | ((long-term potentiation)) strengthens potential neural forming (associated with speed) | 179 | |
| 13814621895 | CREB | protein that can switch genes on/off with memory and connection of memories | 180 | |
| 13814621896 | glutamate involved with memory | neurotransmitter that enhances LTP | 181 | |
| 13814621897 | glucose involved with memory | released during strong emotions ((signaling important event to be remembered)) | 182 | |
| 13814621898 | flashbulb memory | type of memory remembered because it was an important/quick moment | 183 | |
| 13814621899 | amygdala (memory) | boosts activity of proteins in memory-forming areas to fight/flight | 184 | |
| 13814621900 | cerebellum (memory) | forms and stores implicit memories ((classical conditioning)) | 185 | |
| 13814621901 | hippocampus (memory) | active during sleep (forming memories) ((information "moves" after 48 hours)) | 186 | |
| 13814621902 | memory | learning over time contains information that can be retrieved | 187 | |
| 13814621903 | processing stages | encoding -> storage -> retrieval | 188 | |
| 13814621904 | encoding | information going in | 189 | |
| 13814621905 | storage | keeping information in | 190 | |
| 13814621906 | retrieval | taking information out | 191 | |
| 13814621907 | How long is sensory memory stored? | seconds | 192 | |
| 13814621908 | How long is short-term memory stored? | less than a minute | 193 | |
| 13814621909 | How many bits of information is stored in short-term memory? | 7 | 194 | |
| 13814621910 | How many chunks of information is stored in short-term memory? | 4 | 195 | |
| 13814621911 | How many seconds of words is stored in short-term memory? | 2 | 196 | |
| 13814621912 | short term memory goes to ______________ | working memory | 197 | |
| 13814621913 | working memory | make a connection and process information to mean something | 198 | |
| 13814621914 | working memory goes to _________________ | long-term memory | 199 | |
| 13814621915 | How much is stored in long-term memory? | LIMITLESS | 200 | |
| 13814621916 | implicit memory | naturally do | 201 | |
| 13814621917 | explicit memory | need to explain | 202 | |
| 13814621918 | automatic processing | space, time, frequency, well-learned information | 203 | |
| 13814621919 | effortful processing | processing that requires effort | 204 | |
| 13814621920 | spacing effect | spread out learning over time | 205 | |
| 13814621921 | serial position effect | primary/recency effect | 206 | |
| 13814621922 | primary effect | remember the first things in a list | 207 | |
| 13814621923 | recency effect | remember the last things in a list | 208 | |
| 13814621924 | effortful processing (4 things) | 1. recency effect 2. spacing effect 3. testing effect 4. serial position effect | 209 | |
| 13814621925 | semantic encoding (1) meaning (2) how to | make meaning out of something --- chunk, hierarchy, or connect to you | 210 | |
| 13814621926 | if we can't remember a memory... | 1. change memory to suit us 2. fill in the blanks with logical story | 211 | |
| 13814621927 | misinformation effect | not correct information | 212 | |
| 13814621928 | imagination inflation | imagine or visualize something that isn't real | 213 | |
| 13814621929 | source amnesia | what is the truth? (is it a dream, story, memory, etc.?) | 214 | |
| 13814621930 | priming | association (setting you up) | 215 | |
| 13814621931 | context | environment helps with memory | 216 | |
| 13814621932 | state-dependency | you may remember something if you go back to the state you were in (go back to high) | 217 | |
| 13814621933 | mood-congruency | emotion will bring back similar emotional memories | 218 | |
| 13814621934 | forgetting curve | forget after 5 days forget after 5 years | 219 | |
| 13814621935 | the forgetting curve was created by | Ebbinghaus | 220 | |
| 13814621936 | proactive interference | old information interferes with the new | 221 | |
| 13814621937 | retroactive interference | new information interferes with the old | 222 | |
| 13814621938 | children can't remember before age __ | 3 | 223 | |
| 13814621939 | Loftus | connected to abuse cases/childhood | 224 | |
| 13814621940 | prototypes | generalize | 225 | |
| 13814621941 | problem-solving (4) | trial + error algorithms heuristic (representative + availability) insight - "AHA!" | 226 | |
| 13814621942 | against problem-solving | fixation | 227 | |
| 13814621943 | mental set | what has worked in the past | 228 | |
| 13814621944 | functional fixedness | only way to do this is with this | 229 | |
| 13814621945 | Chomsky (nature or nurture?) | "born with language" (nature) | 230 | |
| 13814621946 | Skinner (nature or nurture?) | language is learned (nurture) | 231 | |
| 13814621947 | grammar is _________ | universal | 232 | |
| 13814621948 | phonemes | smallest sound unit | 233 | |
| 13814621949 | morphemes | smallest meaning unit | 234 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP Physics Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13520088065 | centripital acceleration | exists whenever an object moves in a circle; an acceleration directed toward the center of the circle. Linear | 0 | |
| 13520097804 | torque | occurs when a force applied to an object could cause the object to rotate. causes angular acceleration | 1 | |
| 13520121771 | Angular momentum is conserved | In any system in which the only torques acting are between objects in that system, angular momentum is conserved. any time an object, or system of objects, experiences no net torque. | 2 | |
| 13520125958 | total kinetic energy | translational kinetic energy+rotational kinetic energy | 3 | |
| 13520140734 | rotational inertia/moment of inertia | an object's resistance to a change in rotational speed. Two things affect an object's ability to resist rotational motion changes: the object's mass and how far away that mass is from the center of rotation. | 4 | |
| 13520149037 | The lever arm for a force | the closest distance from the fulcrum, pivot, or axis of rotation to the line on which that force acts. d ⊥ |  | 5 |
| 13520408752 | fulcrum | the point about which an object rotates, or could rotate. | 6 | |
| 13520573267 | Rotational speed | how fast the object rotates—that is, how many degrees or radians it rotates through per second. | 7 | |
| 13520576267 | rotational/angular acceleration | occurs when a rigid object is free to rotate about a fixed axis and has a net external torque acting on it. | 8 | |
| 13525041025 | linear acceleration is caused | a net force | 9 | |
| 13525045407 | angular acceleration is caused by | a net torque | 10 | |
| 13535450700 | area under a torque versus time graph gives | the change in an object's angular momentum. | 11 | |
| 13535456359 | the area under a force versus time graph gives | the change in an object's linear momentum, impulse | 12 | |
| 13594677029 | Frame of reference | a system for specifying the precise location of objects in space and time | 13 | |
| 13594680158 | inertial frame of reference | a coordinate system that is not accelerating; all forces acting in an inertial frame of reference are real forces, as opposed to fictitious forces that are observed due to an accelerating frame of reference | 14 | |
| 13594684167 | origin | A fixed point from which coordinates are measured. | 15 | |
| 13594686846 | vector | A quantity that has magnitude and direction | 16 | |
| 13594686847 | scalar | A physical quantity that has magnitude only. | 17 | |
| 13594691669 | Resultant | the sum of two or more vectors | 18 | |
| 13594696217 | concurrent vectors | When two or more vectors act simultaneously upon the same point | 19 | |
| 13594699995 | polar coordinate system | A two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point and an angle from a reference direction. | 20 | |
| 13595308386 | position | (x ) tells where the object is on the track. | 21 | |
| 13595312464 | speed | (v ) tells how fast the object is moving. | 22 | |
| 13595316116 | Acceleration (a) | how much the object's velocity (magnitude or direction) changes in one second. When an object speeds up, its acceleration is in the direction of its motion; when an object slows down, its acceleration is opposite the direction of its motion. | 23 | |
| 13595321574 | Displacement (Δx ) | tells how far the object ends up away from its starting point, regardless of any motion in between starting and ending positions. | 24 | |
| 13595325200 | position-time graphs | the slope is the object's speed, and the object's position is read from the vertical axis. | 25 | |
| 13595326724 | velocity-time graphs | the speed is read from the vertical axis, and the slope is the object's acceleration. | 26 | |
| 13595331210 | The five principal motion variables | v 0 initial velocity v f final velocity Δx displacement a acceleration t time | 27 | |
| 13595343236 | In any case of accelerated motion, when three of the five principal motion variables are known, | the remaining variables can be solved for using the kinematic equations. | 28 | |
| 13595346125 | Free fall | no forces other than the object's weight are acting on the object. | 29 | |
| 13595348208 | projectile | an object in free fall, but it isn't falling in a straight vertical line. To approach a projectile problem, make two motion charts: one for vertical motion and one for horizontal motion. | 30 | |
| 13595387673 | motion analysis | to describe, calculate, and predict where an object is, how fast it's moving, and how much its speed is changing. In this chapter you'll review two separate approaches to make these predictions and descriptions: graphs and algebra. | 31 | |
| 13595393112 | force | a push or a pull applied by one object and experienced by another object. | 32 | |
| 13595403052 | The net force | the single force that could replace all the individual forces acting on an object and produce the same effect. Forces acting in the same direction add together to determine ______; forces acting in opposite directions subtract to determine _______. | 33 | |
| 13595409995 | Weight | the force of a planet on an object near that planet. | 34 | |
| 13595412873 | force of friction | the force of a surface on an object; acts parallel to the surface. | 35 | |
| 13595416591 | Kinetic friction | the friction force when something is moving along the surface and acts opposite the direction of motion. | 36 | |
| 13595421495 | static friction | is the friction force between two surfaces that aren't moving relative to one another. | 37 | |
| 13595424509 | The normal force | the force of a surface on an object; acts perpendicular to the surface. | 38 | |
| 13595427905 | coefficient of friction | a number that tells how sticky two surfaces are. | 39 | |
| 13595429949 | Newton's third law | the force of Object A on Object B is equal in amount and opposite in direction to the force of Object B on Object A. | 40 | |
| 13595432549 | Newton's second law | an object's acceleration is the net force it experiences divided by its mass, and is in the direction of the net force. | 41 | |
| 13595441030 | A moving object's momentum | its mass times its velocity; ____ is in the direction of motion. | 42 | |
| 13595445839 | Impulse | a force multiplied by the time during which that force acts. The net impulse on an object is equal to the change in that object's momentum. | 43 | |
| 13595448550 | system | made up of several objects that can be treated as a single thing. It's important to define the _______ you are considering before you treat a set of objects as a system. | 44 | |
| 13595455880 | kinetic energy is conserved only in | elastic collision | 45 | |
| 13595460546 | total momentum is conserved in | all collisions | 46 | |
| 13595467541 | Whenever you see a collision, the techniques of ______ are most likely to be useful. Try ______ first, before trying to use force or energy approaches. | impulse and momentum | 47 | |
| 13595475438 | An object possesses kinetic energy by | moving | 48 | |
| 13595478621 | Interactions with other objects can create | potential energy. | 49 | |
| 13595481438 | Work | when a force acts over a distance parallel to that force. | 50 | |
| 13595485526 | kinetic energy can change. | When work is done on an object (or on a system of objects) | 51 | |
| 13595487400 | Kinetic Energy | is possessed by any moving object. It comes in two forms | 52 | |
| 13595490123 | Translational Kinetic Energy | It exists when an object's center of mass is moving. |  | 53 |
| 13595492040 | Rotational Kinetic Energy | It exists when an object rotates. |  | 54 |
| 13595495917 | Gravitational potential energy near a planet | energy stored in a gravitational field. h is the vertical height above a reference position. |  | 55 |
| 13595501852 | Gravitational potential energy a long way from a planet, the formula is | GPE=-GM1M2/D, d is measured from the planet's center. | 56 | |
| 13595526001 | Elastic potential energy/ spring potential energy | energy stored by a spring |  | 57 |
| 13595532740 | Internal energy of a two-object system is just another way of saying | potential energy | 58 | |
| 13595535538 | Mechanical Energy | sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy in a system | 59 | |
| 13595539314 | Work is done when | a force acts on something that moves a distance parallel to that force. | 60 | |
| 13595541024 | Power | energy used per second, or work done per second. | 61 | |
| 13595546411 | rotational inertia | an object's resistance to a change in rotational speed. depends on mass as well as on the distribution of that mass. | 62 | |
| 13595549219 | mass | describes an object's resistance to a change in speed | 63 | |
| 13595560669 | gravitational field g near a planet | how much 1 kg of mass weighs at a location. Near Earth's surface, the gravitational field is 10 N/kg. | 64 | |
| 13595563771 | gravitational force | the planet's gravitational field is mg , where m is the mass of the object experiencing the force. the weakest of the fundamental forces in nature. | 65 | |
| 13595566090 | Newton's gravitation constant | G = 6 × 10−11 N·m2 /kg2 . | 66 | |
| 13595569093 | free-fall acceleration (sometimes imprecisely called the acceleration due to gravity) | is equal to the gravitational field near that planet. | 67 | |
| 13595588651 | Coulomb's law | the force of one charged particle on another is: |  | 68 |
| 13595594376 | Electric charge (Q ) | exists due to excess or deficient electrons on an object; it comes in two kinds: positive and negative. The unit is the coulomb . | 69 | |
| 13595601108 | Electric current (I ) | the flow of (positive) charge per second. The units are amperes. | 70 | |
| 13595604503 | One ampere means | one coulomb of charge flowing per second. | 71 | |
| 13595607092 | Resistance (R) | measured in ohms (Ω), tells how difficult it is for charge to flow through a circuit element. | 72 | |
| 13595610079 | Resistivity (ρ ) | is a property of a material, which implies what the resistance would be of a meter-cube bit of that material. | 73 | |
| 13595611799 | Voltage | electrical potential energy per coulomb of charge. | 74 | |
| 13595615219 | series | Resistors are connected in _____ if they are connected in a single path. | 75 | |
| 13595621625 | parallel | Resistors are connected in _____ if the path for current divides, then comes immediately back together. | 76 | |
| 13595796625 | period | the time for one cycle of simple harmonic motion, or the time for a full wavelength to pass a position. | 77 | |
| 13595797936 | frequency | the number of cycles, or the number of wavelengths passing a position, in one second. | 78 | |
| 13595800407 | unit of frequency | the Hz, which means "per second." | 79 | |
| 13595802949 | amplitude | the distance from the midpoint of a wave to its crest, or the distance from the midpoint of simple harmonic motion to the maximum displacement. | 80 | |
| 13595804450 | wavelength | measured from peak to peak, or between any successive identical points on a wave. | 81 | |
| 13595807219 | spring constant k | measured in units of newtons per meter (N/m), is related to the stiffness of a spring. | 82 | |
| 13595808695 | restoring force | any force that always pushes an object toward an equilibrium position. | 83 | |
| 13595811000 | Nodes | the stationary points on a standing wave. | 84 | |
| 13595812835 | Antinodes | the positions on standing waves with the largest amplitudes. | 85 | |
| 13610408370 | Kinematics | description of motion | 86 | |
| 13652397050 | When there is a constant angular velocity, what else exists? | tangential velocity centripetal acceleration- there is a change in direction of velocity | 87 | |
| 13652403629 | When there is a angular acceleration, what else exists? | 88 |
Flashcards
AP Lit Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11267743334 | clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. | 0 | |
| 11267743335 | phrase | A group of words with a meaning; an expression | 1 | |
| 11267747567 | independent clause | expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Has both a subject and a verb. | 2 | |
| 11267749897 | dependent clause | A clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb | 3 | |
| 11267749898 | subject | The topic of a text. What the text is about. | 4 | |
| 11267754126 | object | anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form | 5 | |
| 11267756918 | direct object | the object that receives the direct action of the verb | 6 | |
| 11267763002 | indirect object | Comes before the direct object. Tells to whom, for whom the action of the verb is done. (Claire threw JOSEPH the ball) | 7 | |
| 11267766561 | prepositional phrase | A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. | 8 | |
| 11267768412 | who, whom | who for a subject whom for an object subjects do the action/objects are the recipient of the action. Who is the favorite to win Wimbledom? expl...since Roger is favored to win, and is the subject of the question, use the word "who". Also correct.. Whom do you want to win Wimbledon? Well, since I want Roger to win Wimbledon, now Roger is the ojbect of the sentence and Whom becomes the appropriate word. | 9 | |
| 11267772588 | article | a, an, the | 10 | |
| 11267776448 | definite article | the adjective the | 11 | |
| 11267779607 | indefinite article | a or an | 12 | |
| 11267779608 | Appositive | A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. | 13 | |
| 11267781260 | Infinitive | A verb form, usually preceded by "to," that is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. | 14 | |
| 11267786613 | Participle | A verb form that can be used as an adjective | 15 | |
| 11267786614 | Gerund | A verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun | 16 | |
| 11267788979 | Pronoun | A word that takes the place of a noun | 17 | |
| 11267792741 | possessive pronoun | a pronoun that shows ownership | 18 | |
| 11267795108 | possessive adjectives | my, your, his, her, its, our, their | 19 | |
| 11267800654 | demonstrative pronoun | points out a person, place, thing, or idea | 20 | |
| 11267803856 | demonstrative adjectives | used to emphasize which items are being singled out and/ or distance from speaker. They are never used alone. ie, which, what, this, these, that, those | 21 | |
| 11267805879 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 22 | |
| 11267808699 | Postcedent | Stimulus change that follows a behavior | 23 |
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