Pearson Environmental Science: Chapter 17: Non-renewable energy Flashcards
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| 10024721215 | Energy | The ability to do work or cause a change | 0 | |
| 10024721216 | Kinetic energy | The energy produced by motion | 1 | |
| 10024721217 | Potential energy | The energy that an object has because of its position or shape | 2 | |
| 10026910996 | forms of energy | mechanical, electrical, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical, nuclear | 3 | |
| 10024721218 | Combustion | Burning; the chemical reaction when fuel combines rapidly with oxygen; produces heat (thermal energy) and light (electromagnetic energy) | 4 | |
| 10024721219 | Energy efficiency | An expression of how much of the energy put into a system actually does useful work | 5 | |
| 10024721220 | Renewable energy | An energy resource that is readily available or that can be replaced in a relatively short time; includes wind, moving water, the sun's heat, and wood | 6 | |
| 10024721221 | Nonrenewable energy | An energy resource that cannot be replaced in a relatively short time; includes fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and nuclear energy | 7 | |
| 10024721222 | Electricity | The energy produced by the flow and interaction of electrons, secondary source of energy because it must be produced from other forms (i.e. burning coal, etc) | 8 | |
| 10026949208 | fossil fuels | formed from remaining of organisms during geological history of Earth (oil - marine animals; coal - plants) | 9 | |
| 10026964746 | coal | the most abundant; main producers USA and China | 10 | |
| 10024721223 | Strip mining | A type of mining in which layers of surface soil and rock are removed from large areas to expose the resource (coal) | 11 | |
| 10024721224 | Subsurface mining | A type of mining in which vertical shafts are dug deep into the ground and networks of horizontal tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of a resource | 12 | |
| 10026978248 | oil | major source of energy today | 13 | |
| 10024721225 | Petroleum | A liquid fossil fuel made up mostly of hydrocarbons; the primary source of gasoline | 14 | |
| 10024721226 | Petrochemical | A chemical compound derived from oil that is used to make plastics, detergents, and other products | 15 | |
| 10027001449 | supply of fossil fuels | nonrenewable, the most accessible source are mostly used up | 16 | |
| 10026988545 | natural gas | methane and other gases, yields large amount of energy, less polluting than others | 17 | |
| 10027009765 | new sources of fossil fuels | oil sands, oil shale, methane hydrate; all are more expensive to extract | 18 | |
| 10024721227 | Oil sands | A deposit of moist sand and clay that can be mined to extract bitumen, an oil-rich hydrocarbon | 19 | |
| 10024721228 | Oil shale | Rock that contains hydrocarbons; can be burned directly or processed to extract liquid petroleum | 20 | |
| 10024721229 | Methane hydrate | An icelike solid that consists of molecules of methane within a crystal network of water molecules; can be burned to release energy | 21 | |
| 10024721230 | Acid drainage | The acid and the metals it causes to leach from rock that seep into groundwater or enter streams and lakes as runoff | 22 | |
| 10024721231 | Energy conservation | Reducing energy use to prolong the supply of fossil fuels | 23 | |
| 10027031187 | pollution from fossil fuels | greenhouse gases, air pollution (smog, acid rains), water pollution (oil runoffs from human activities, massive oil spills), health risks | 24 | |
| 10027059404 | damage caused by extracting fossil fuels | dangers of mining, strip mining destroys habitats, acid drainage, erosion, building roads destroys habitats, damage to ecosystems (Alaska, Arctic Refuge) | 25 | |
| 10027089267 | dependence of foreign sources | political and economic impacts | 26 | |
| 10027096464 | energy conservation | practice of reducing energy use; in order to save fossil fuels and decrease damage | 27 | |
| 10024721232 | Nuclear energy | The energy that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom | 28 | |
| 10024721233 | Nuclear fission | The conversion of the energy within an atom's nucleus to usable thermal energy by splitting apart atomic nuclei | 29 | |
| 10024721234 | Nuclear reactor | A facility within a nuclear power plant that generates electricity through controlled nuclear fission (fission - steam - turbine - electricity - water cooled; cycle starts again) | 30 | |
| 10024721235 | Meltdown | The accidental melting of the uranium fuel rods inside the core of a nuclear reactor, causing the release of radiation | 31 | |
| 10027127439 | costs | accidents; nuclear waste | 32 | |
| 10027120654 | benefits | no air pollution, very efficient | 33 | |
| 10024721236 | Nuclear waste | The radioactive material left over from the production of energy and other processes in a nuclear power plant | 34 | |
| 10024721237 | Nuclear fusion | The conversion of the energy within an atom's nucleus to usable thermal energy by forcing together the small nuclei of lightweight elements under high temperature and pressure, not possible to use - requires more energy than it produces - for now) | 35 |
Pearson Environmental Science Ch 16 Flashcards
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| 7468871694 | greenhouse effect | A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere keep heat near Earth and prevent it from radiat-ing into space | 0 | |
| 7468871695 | greenhouse gas | Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse effect. | 1 | |
| 7468871696 | thermohaline circulation | Cool water generally has a greater density than warm water. Saltier water is denser than water with a lower salinity. Therefore, warmer, less salty water moves along the surface of the ocean, and colder, saltier water moves deep beneath the ocean's surface. | 2 | |
| 7468871698 | topography | Describes the surface character-istics of the area, including its elevation and features such as mountains, rivers, and lakes | 3 | |
| 7468871699 | global climate change | A change in global weather patterns; includes changes in temperature, rainfall, wind patterns, and storm frequency. | 4 | |
| 7468871700 | global warming | Refers specifically to an increase in Earth's average surface temperature | 5 | |
| 7468871701 | proxy indicator | Types of indirect evidence that serve as substitutes for direct measurement and shed light on past climate (examples: ice core samples, sediments from under bodies of water, tree rings) | 6 | |
| 7468871702 | climate model | Programs that combine what is known about the atmosphere and oceans to simulate, or imitate, climate processes | 7 | |
| 7482585956 | Evidence of a warming earth | 1. Rising surface temperatures 2. Changes in precipitation 3. Melting ice 4. Rising Sea Levels | 8 | |
| 7482613976 | Causes of climate change | 1. Burning Fossil fuels 2. Changes in land use - deforestation - raising livestock | 9 | |
| 7482625972 | Shifting habitats | Effect of climate change - habitats of some plants and animals shift to where the climate is cooler- toward the north or south poles - or further up a mountain | 10 | |
| 7482633423 | Effects of climate change | Shifting habitats, changing migration times, problems with food availability, warm & acidic oceans | 11 | |
| 7482606772 | Charles Keeling | Scientist who collected samples of carbon dioxide from Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii starting in 1958 | 12 | |
| 7468871703 | fossil fuel | The main source of extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the burning of carbon-containing fuels, such as oil, natural gas, and coal, for energy. | 13 | |
| 7468871704 | coral bleaching | Occurs when a coral becomes stressed and expels most of its colorful algae, leaving an underlying ghostly white skeleton of calcium carbonate | 14 | |
| 7468871705 | carbon footprint | The amount of carbon dioxide emissions for which an individual or group is responsible | 15 | |
| 7468871706 | carbon tax | A fee that a government charges polluters for each unit of greenhouse gases they emit | 16 | |
| 7468871707 | carbon offset | A voluntary payment made when one industry or person, instead of reducing its own greenhouse gas emissions, pays another group or person to do so | 17 | |
| 7468871708 | carbon sequestration | Consists of ways of storing this captured carbon. For example, the carbon might be stored underground. | 18 | |
| 7468871709 | Kyoto Protocol | An international agreement that seeks to limit green-house gas emissions. The US did not sign this agreement - thought that emission reduction requirements were not fair - 2005 | 19 | |
| 7482780500 | Paris climate accord | An agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020 - signed in April 2016 | 20 | |
| 7468902094 | carbon dioxide | Major greenhouse gas put into the atmosphere during fossil fuel combustion (burning) and deforestation | 21 | |
| 7468910355 | methane | powerful greenhouse gas that enters the atmosphere when cows digest food | 22 | |
| 7468924859 | latitude | measurement of a place's distance from the equator | 23 | |
| 7468935807 | tropical | climate regions that receive the most direct sun on the planet | 24 | |
| 7468941683 | polar | climate regions that receive the least direct sun on the planet | 25 | |
| 7468944878 | temperate | climate regions that are cool during some parts of the year and warm in others | 26 | |
| 7468976796 | seasons | The result of the earth having a 23.5 degree tilt | 27 | |
| 7468985182 | rain shadow effect | Precipitation falls on one side of a mountain, and as the now drier air mass moves across the mountain, the other receives relatively less precipitation | 28 |
Chapter 15 Pearson Environmental Science Terms Flashcards
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| 9821564847 | Atmosphere | Thin layer of gases that surrounds Earth | 0 | |
| 9821564848 | Relative Humidity | The ratio of water vapor the air contains to the maximum amount it could have at that temperature | 1 | |
| 9821564849 | Air Pressure | The force exerted by air on the area below it | 2 | |
| 9821564850 | Troposphere | The lowest layer of the atmosphere, the one directly above the ground | 3 | |
| 9821564851 | Stratosphere | The layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere | 4 | |
| 9821564852 | Ozone Layer | Ozone is concentrated in a portion of the stratosphere | 5 | |
| 9821564853 | Mesosphere | Above the stratosphere, the layer that extends 50-80 kilometers above sea level | 6 | |
| 9821564854 | Thermosphere | The top layer, which begins about 80 kilometers above Earth's surface and extends upward into space | 7 | |
| 9821564855 | Radiation | The transfer of energy through space | 8 | |
| 9821564856 | Conduction | The transfer of heat directly between two objects that are in contact with one another | 9 | |
| 9821564857 | Convection | The transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid | 10 | |
| 9821564858 | Convection Current | a current caused by the rising of heated fluid and sinking of cooled fluid | 11 | |
| 9821564859 | Air Mass | A large body of air | 12 | |
| 9821564860 | Front | The boundary between air masses that differ in temperature and moisture | 13 | |
| 9821564861 | Air Pollution | The release of damaging materials into the atmosphere | 14 | |
| 9821564862 | Emissions | Pollutants that are released into the air | 15 | |
| 9821564863 | Fossil Fuels | Carbon-containing fuels that formed millions of years ago from the remains of living things | 16 | |
| 9821564864 | Primary Air Pollutant | Pollutants released directly into the troposphere | 17 | |
| 9821564865 | Secondary Air Pollutant | Harmful products produced when primary air pollutants react chemically with other substances | 18 | |
| 9821564866 | Smog | An unhealthy mixture of air pollutants that may form over cities and nearby areas | 19 | |
| 9821564867 | Temperature Inversion | The condition in the troposphere in which a layer of cooler air lies beneath a layer of warmer air | 20 | |
| 9821564868 | Acid Deposition | caused by sulfuric and nitric acids resulting in lowered pH of surface waters, also called acid rain | 21 | |
| 9821564869 | Clean Air Act | Protects and improves the quality of air in order to safeguard human health and the environment. | 22 | |
| 9821564870 | Catalytic Converter | A device in a motor vehicle that reduces the amount of air pollutants in emissions | 23 | |
| 9821564871 | Scrubber | Removes pollutants or changes them chemically before they leave factory smokestacks | 24 | |
| 9821564872 | Ozone Hole | The area of lowered concentration over Antarctica that occurs every year from August until October | 25 | |
| 9821564873 | Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) | A family of chemical compounds containing chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. | 26 | |
| 9821564874 | Montreal Protocol | Issued in 1987, it was a treaty requesting ozone substances to become depleted | 27 |
Environmental Science, Pearson, Ch.13 Quizzes Flashcards
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| 9469482329 | Which of the following land uses covers the greatest amount of earth ice-free land surface? | grazing livestock | 0 | |
| 9469497176 | more megacities are found in _____ than any other continent | Asia | 1 | |
| 9469502988 | Which of the following is true of the predicted global population trends? | growth in global population is expected to occur in urban areas as people move to where the jobs are | 2 | |
| 9469518657 | Suburban residents__________ than their urban counterparts. | use more energy | 3 | |
| 9469525645 | the main purpose of the deforestation occurring in Brazil is _____- | to produce food | 4 | |
| 9469534757 | if the government is encouraging afforestation and reforestation, it s unlikely to for which of the following purposes? | food production | 5 | |
| 9469540918 | Cover crops are used to prevent ____ | erosion | 6 | |
| 9469546660 | rangeland are______ | grazing areas too dry for crop production | 7 | |
| 9469559327 | The degradation of rangeland typically as a result of ____ | overgrazing | 8 | |
| 9469572115 | How can urbanization help to create a more sustainable future for our planet | in large cities, living space tends to be used more efficiently and per capita energy use tends to be lower | 9 | |
| 9469592143 | why might someone reasonably say that cities are good for the environment but suburbs are bad? | The residents of cities drive less, use more public transportation, and take up less space than suburbs | 10 | |
| 9469612052 | Globally, the re of meat consumption is increasing faster than the overall rate of food consumption. What is this likely to mean for land use change? | Both deforestation and desertification will increase | 11 |
Pearson Environmental Science: Chapter 13 Flashcards
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| 9531319730 | Mineral | An inorganic solid that has an orderly crystalline structure and a specific chemical composition | 0 | |
| 9531319731 | Precipitation | The return of water from the atmosphere to Earth's surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, 81; the process of separating a solid substance (precipitate) from a solution | 1 | |
| 9531319732 | Polymorph | A mineral that crystallizes in different forms because of differences in temperature or other conditions | 2 | |
| 9531319733 | Rock | A solid mass of minerals or mineral-like materials that occurs naturally | 3 | |
| 9531319734 | Rock cycle | A very slow process in which rocks are heated, melted, cooled, weathered, and eroded as they change type—igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic—in response to changes in environmental conditions | 4 | |
| 9531319735 | Ore | A mineral or grouping of minerals that is mined to extract one or more valuable metals | 5 | |
| 9531319736 | Strip mining | A type of mining in which layers of surface soil and rock are removed from large areas to expose the resource | 6 | |
| 9531382361 | Subsurface mining | A type of mining in which vertical shafts are dug deep into the ground and networks of horizontal tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of a resource | 7 | |
| 9531382362 | Open pit mining | A type of mining in which a large hole (versus a shaft or tunnel) is dug to extract ore and the rock around it | 8 | |
| 9531382363 | Mountaintop removal | A type of mining in which plants and soil are removed from the top of a mountain and then explosives are used to reach seams of coal | 9 | |
| 9531382364 | Placer mining | A type of mining that involves sifting through sand and gravel in a riverbed or streambed to extract metals, minerals, or precious stones | 10 | |
| 9531382365 | Tailings | The waste produced in processing ore | 11 | |
| 9531382366 | Smelting | The process of extracting metal from ore by heating the ore beyond its melting point | 12 | |
| 9531382367 | Acid drainage (A) | The acid and the metals it causes to leach from rock that seep into groundwater or enter streams and lakes as runoff | 13 | |
| 9531442845 | Acid drainage (B) | The sulfuric acid produced when sulfide minerals in exposed rock surfaces react with oxygen and rainwater to produce sulfuric acid | 14 | |
| 9579273087 | General Mining Law of 1872 | Allows mining companies to take minerals from public land without paying royalties | 15 | |
| 9579273088 | Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 | Governs leasing of public lands for fossil fuel, phosphate, sodium, and sulfur mining | 16 | |
| 9579273089 | Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 | Requires coal strip mines to reclaim (restore the land to the way it was found) the land | 17 | |
| 9579273090 | Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 | Regulates modern day mining safety | 18 | |
| 9579273091 | Hardrock Mining and Reclamation Act of 2009 | End patenting process and requires miners to pay 4% of their profits to the government for existing mines and 8% for new mines | 19 |
Environmental science,Pearson, Chapter 12 quizzes Flashcards
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| 9464582073 | Why does it take less and less time to add each additional billion people to the planet | Because as the population increases the total number of births increases | 0 | |
| 9464582074 | How many people are added to a population of 100000 each year with a 1% growth rate | About 1000 | 1 | |
| 9464582075 | Why did the global population start to grow so quickly in the 1700 | Because Improved sanitation and medicine associated with a technological advances of the industrial revolution increased human life Expectancy | 2 | |
| 9464582076 | What are the 2 most populated continents in the world | Africa and Asia | 3 | |
| 9464582077 | What is a dependency ratio and Why is it important | The ratio of non working to working people. because non working people require the support of up working population | 4 | |
| 9464582078 | What type of age structure would you expect during stage 2 of the demographic transition, when there are high birth and low death rates | A Pyramid shape age structure with more young people than middle aged people | 5 | |
| 9464582079 | Using the demographic transition model predict what changes most likely to occur in a country that has a declining death rate and a birth rate there remains high | The birth rate will fall | 6 | |
| 9464582080 | in which of the following countries would you likely find a high total fertility rates | Kenya | 7 | |
| 9464582081 | What is the definition of the total fertility rate | The average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime | 8 | |
| 9464582082 | What is the general global relation between total fertility rate, economic development, and poverty | A country's level of economic development is highest and poverty's lowest when the total fertility rate is low | 9 | |
| 9464582083 | What is a typical replacement rate for populations | Slightly more than 2 children per woman because some children die before reaching adulthood | 10 | |
| 9464582084 | What are the major causes of death in the world's poorest countries | Most people die of preventable and treatable diseases such as infectious and parasitic diseases | 11 | |
| 9464582085 | Why does population increase so quickly as death rates fall | Because birthrates remain high for some time after death rates began to fall, causing the population to go through a period of rapid increase | 12 | |
| 9464582086 | Despite a large increase in global population the over all growth rate is not as high as it was 100 years ago were | And because the developing nations are moving through the early stages of the demographic transition faster than the United States and the European nations did 100 years ago | 13 | |
| 9464582087 | What does the T stand for in the I=PAT Equation | Technology | 14 | |
| 9464582088 | Why does population growth in the United States have a larger effect on the global environment than population growth in India | Because the average resident Of the United States consumes far more resources than a Resident of India | 15 | |
| 9464582089 | What kind of technology could be used to reduce environmental impacts associated with rising populations and levels of Affluence | Air pollution control equipment | 16 | |
| 9464582090 | Wealthy countries often have less air pollution than the poor countries Which of the following statements best captures the role of affluence in the environmental impacts | When money is invested in technologies that reduce pollution affluence can help reduce environmental impact | 17 | |
| 9464582091 | What is an ecological footprint | A measure of the land and water area of the planet it's required to support the consumption of a single person | 18 | |
| 9464582092 | Which of the following societee is would have the largest ecological footprint | Per capita income of 50000 per year where they highly industrialized economy | 19 | |
| 9464582093 | What is the current estimate of how large the global population will be around 2100 | 11 billion | 20 | |
| 9464582094 | of global fertility rates dropped to 1.9 what would happen to the world's population over the next 50 years | It would continue to rise | 21 | |
| 9464582095 | What 2 regions will have the most population growth in the next 100 years | Africa and Asia | 22 | |
| 9464582096 | What major changes would need to occur for the population to stabilize around 11 billion by 2100 | The least developed countries in the world would have to drastically reduce their fertility rates | 23 | |
| 9464582097 | If the population increases by about 28% between now and 2050 which of the following best capture the likely change in demand for food | Demand for food will increase considerably more than by 28% | 24 | |
| 9464582098 | In what way can wealth increase the impacts of population growth on the environment | Rising affluence leads to rising consumption of goods and services and this Increases the impacts of population growth on the environment | 25 |
Pearson Environmental Science Chapter 12 Soil and Agriculture Flashcards
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| 11910053689 | soil | complex plant-supporting system made up of disintegrated rock, remains and wastes of organisms, water, gases, nutrients, and micororganisms | 0 | |
| 11910053690 | parent materials | base geological material in a particular location such as volcanic ash or glacial till | 1 | |
| 11910053691 | bedrock | continuous mass of solid rock that makes up the Earth's crust, can be one type of the parent material | 2 | |
| 11910053692 | factors that influence soil formation | climate, organisms, landforms, parent material, time | 3 | |
| 11910053693 | weathering | physical and chemical processes that break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles (physical, chemical)Rain, strong winds, and the exposure to compounds in water and air are examples of ____________________. | 4 | |
| 11910053694 | soil horizons | distinct soil layers | 5 | |
| 11910053695 | 0 horizon | litter layer | 6 | |
| 11910053696 | A horizon | topsoil | 7 | |
| 11910053697 | E horizon | leaching layer (under the topsoil) | 8 | |
| 11910053698 | B horizon | subsoil | 9 | |
| 11910053699 | C horizon | weathered parent material | 10 | |
| 11910053700 | R horizon | parent material | 11 | |
| 11910053701 | soil profile | cross-section of all the soil horizons in a specific soil |  | 12 |
| 11910053702 | clay | particles less than 0.002 millimeter | 13 | |
| 11910053703 | silt | particles between 0.002 - 0.05 millimeter | 14 | |
| 11910053704 | sand | mostly particles between 0.5 - 2 millimeter | 15 | |
| 11910053705 | loam | soil with a relatively even mixture of the three particle sizes | 16 | |
| 11910053706 | soil degradation | deterioration of soil characteristics needed for plant growth or other ecosystem services | 17 | |
| 11910053707 | intercropping | planting of different crops in mixed arrangements | 18 | |
| 11910053708 | crop rotation | when farmers alternate crops grown in a field (from year to year) | 19 | |
| 11910053709 | cover crops | crops planted to reduce erosion after a field has been harvested and before the next season's planting (often nitrogen-fixing crops to also limit nitrogen loss) | 20 | |
| 11910053710 | shelterbelts | also called windbreaks, rows of trees or other tall plants planted along the edges of fields to reduce wind (often poplars) |  | 21 |
| 11910053711 | tilling | turning-over of soil before planting | 22 | |
| 11910053712 | terracing | transforms steep slopes into a series of steps enabling farmers to cultivate slopes without loosing a lot of soil to erosion |  | 23 |
| 11910053713 | contour farming | plowing sideways across a hillside, perpendicular to the hill's slope, following the contours of the land, and the downhill side of each furrow catches soil so not to be eroded |  | 24 |
| 11910053714 | overgrazing | when too many animals eat too much of the plant cover, preventing regrowth and often causing erosion which can lead to desertification | 25 | |
| 11910053715 | desertification | a loss of more than 10% of the soil's productivity due to erosion, soil compaction, forest removal, overgrazing, drought, salt buildup and other factors | 26 | |
| 11910053716 | Dust Bowl | region in southern Great Plains (USA) devastated by desertification in 1930s | 27 | |
| 11910053717 | irrigation | providing of water other than precipitation to crops | 28 | |
| 11910053718 | salinization | buildup of salts in upper soil horizons, usually in dry areas where precipitation is low and evaporation is high | 29 | |
| 11910053719 | pesticides | chemical that kill organisms that compete with crops (plants we value) can contaminate ground water | 30 | |
| 11910053720 | traditional agriculture | biologically powered agriculture, without motorized machines, sometimes use irrigation and organic fertilizer, but does not require use of fossil fuels | 31 | |
| 11910053721 | yield | amount of crop produced in certain area | 32 | |
| 11910053722 | industrial agriculture | using of mechanized farming technology, irrigation, and manufactured chemicals to grow crops | 33 | |
| 11910053723 | monoculture | large areas planted with only one crop | 34 | |
| 11910053724 | green revolution | agricultural scientists from developed nations introduced new technologies, crop varieties and farming practices to the developing world in the mid-late 1900s (means ":covered with green", NOT environmentally friendly) | 35 | |
| 11910053725 | biological pest control | battling pests and weeds with organisms that eat or infect them | 36 | |
| 11910053726 | integrated pest management (IPM) | complex strategies where different techniques,such as biological controls, some pesticides, and crop rotation are combined to achieve the most effective long-term pest reduction | 37 | |
| 11910053727 | pollinators | animals that fertilize flowers (insects, hummingbirds, bats), most vital and least appreciated factors in agriculture, reduced by pesticides | 38 | |
| 11910053728 | arable land | land suitable for farming, requiredfor sustainable agriculture | 39 | |
| 11910053729 | food security | a guarantee of an adequate and reliable food supply for all people at all times | 40 | |
| 11910053730 | malnutrition | shortage of nutrients the body needs | 41 | |
| 11910053731 | genetic engineering | process in which scientists directly manipulate the organism's DNA by using recombinant DNA technology | 42 | |
| 11910053732 | genetically modified organisms (GM, GMO) | organisms undergone genetic engineering to resist herbicides so crops can grow more efficiently | 43 | |
| 11910053733 | biotechnology | use of genetic engineering to introduce new genes into organisms to produce more valuable products (medicines, crops ...) | 44 | |
| 11910053734 | benefits of GM | better yields, less pesticide use | 45 | |
| 11910053735 | risks of GM | evolving of super-pests, polluting the genomes of wild plants and animals, the escape of GM genes into non-GM crops | 46 | |
| 11910053736 | feedlots | concentrated animal feeding operations (factory farms) | 47 | |
| 11910053737 | aquaculture | raising of aquatic animals for food in controlled environments | 48 | |
| 11910053738 | seed banks | organizations that preserve seeds of diverse plants as a kind of insurance policy against a global crop collapse. | 49 | |
| 11910053739 | sustainable agriculture | agriculture that does not deplete soil faster than it is formed, and doesn't reduce the amount of quality of soil, water and genetic diversity essential to long-term crop and livestock production | 50 | |
| 11910053740 | organic agriculture | food-growing practices that use no synthetic fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides or herbicides, but instead rely on biological approaches such as composting and biological pest control | 51 | |
| 11910053741 | Poisons soil and kills pollinators | What is one of the problematic side effects of pesticide use is the fact that what happens | 52 | |
| 11910053742 | Integrated pest management | A farmer has an infestation of aphids and greenflies he introduces ladybugs which prey on aphids and uses a limited does a pesticide to deal with the flies. His approach to insect pests is what | 53 | |
| 11910053743 | You would expect to find most farmers who use GM crops living in | In a wealthy developed nation | 54 |
Pearson Environmental Science Ch 11 - Forestry Management Flashcards
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| 8697817674 | resource management | managing of resource harvesting so that resources are not depleted; includes maximum sustainable yield, ecosystem-based approach, and adaptive managment approach | 0 | |
| 8697828849 | Renewable resources | soil, water, timber, wild animals | 1 | |
| 8697837636 | sustainability | goal of resource management - balancing needs of people and ecosystems | 2 | |
| 8697871013 | maximum sustainable yield | harvest maximum amount of resources without reducing the amount of future harvests | 3 | |
| 8697877921 | ecosystem-based approach | harvest resources in ways that minimize impact on the ecosystems | 4 | |
| 8697883644 | adaptive management | scientifically testing and collecting data to determine best ways to harvest - constantly assessing and changing | 5 | |
| 8697927509 | ecological value | prevent soil erosion, regulate water cycle by preventing runoff, purifying water, releasing oxygen, store carbon to moderate climate | 6 | |
| 8697936729 | economic values | fuel houses, produce wood for shelter, built ships, made paper | 7 | |
| 8697942695 | medicinal values | fruits, nuts, spices, and herbs; treatment for Hodgkins disease, leukemia and other cancers | 8 | |
| 8697951528 | clear-cutting | all the trees in an area are cut at once | 9 | |
| 8697986659 | seed-tree approach | small numbers of mature and healthy seed-producing trees are left standing to reseed the area | 10 | |
| 8697993943 | shelterwood approach | small numbers of mature trees are left to provide shelter for seedlings as they grow | 11 | |
| 8698005593 | selection systems | only some trees are cut at once - results in uneven aged stands of regrown trees; more expensive than clear cutting | 12 | |
| 8698021847 | deforestation | clearing of a forest without replacement; land is then used for another purpose (commercial; residential; farmland) | 13 | |
| 8698043324 | Negative impacts of deforestastion | Decreased soil fertility from erosion, Runoff of eroded soil into aquatic systems, Accelerated flooding, Premature extinction of species with specialized niches, Loss of habitat for migratory species such as birds and butterflies, Regional climate change from extensive clearing, Release of CO2 into atmosphere from burning and tree decay | 14 | |
| 8698060269 | rainforests & arid forests | greatest impact on biodiversity | 15 |
Pearson Environmental Science Chapter 11 Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8852045300 | Resource Management | The managing of resource harvesting so that resources are not depleted | 0 | |
| 8852045301 | Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) | The largest amount of a resource that can be used without long-term damage to the resource | 1 | |
| 8852045302 | Ecosystem-based Management | Harvesting resources in ways that minimize the impact on the ecosystems that provide them | 2 | |
| 8852045303 | Adaptive management | A customized approach to managing resources that has been developed through scientific testing | 3 | |
| 8852045304 | Even-aged | A condition in timber plantations in which all the trees are the same age | 4 | |
| 8852045305 | Uneven-aged | Forest regrowth in which the trees are different ages; occurs after selective logging | 5 | |
| 8852045306 | Clear-cutting | a method of harvesting trees in which all trees in an area are cut at once | 6 | |
| 8852045307 | Seed-tree Approach | A method of harvesting trees, in which a small number of mature and healthy seed-producing trees are left standing so they can reseed an area that has been logged. | 7 | |
| 8852045308 | Shelterwood Approach | A method of harvesting trees, in which a small number of mature trees are left in place to provide shelter for seedlings as they grow | 8 | |
| 8852045309 | Selection System | A method of harvesting trees in which only some of the trees in a forest are cut at one time | 9 | |
| 8852045310 | Deforestation | The clearing of a forest for another land use | 10 | |
| 8852045311 | Old-growth forest | A forest that has never been logged | 11 | |
| 8852045312 | Multiple use | A policy that states that the national forests must serve a number of uses (e.g., recreation, wildlife habitat, mining, grazing, and timber) | 12 | |
| 8852045313 | Monoculture | A large planting of just one kind of crop | 13 | |
| 8852045314 | Prescribed burn | The process of setting fire to an area of forest under carefully controlled conditions; also called controlled burn | 14 | |
| 8852045315 | Salvage Logging | The removal of dead trees following a natural disturbance | 15 | |
| 8852045316 | Sustainable forestry certification | A formal recognition by an organization (e.g., the International Organization for Standardization, the Sustainable Forestry Initiative, and the Forest Stewardship Council) that a product has been produced using methods and materials the organization considers to be sustainable. | 16 |
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