Flashcards
Flashcards
AP World History Chapter 27 Flashcards
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| 9446029506 | ayan | the wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule. | 0 | |
| 9446053994 | Selim III | Sultan who ruled Ottoman Empire from 1789-1807; aimed at improving administrated efficiency and building a new army and navy; topped by Janissaries. | 1 | |
| 9446053995 | Mahmud III | Ottoman sultan; built a private; professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and crushed them with private army. | 2 | |
| 9446106818 | Tanzimat reforms | Series of reforms in Ottoman empire between 1839-1876; established Western-styled university; state postal system; railways; extensive legal reforms. | 3 | |
| 9446127191 | Abdul Hamid | Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878-1908; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties; deposed in coup in 1908. | 4 | |
| 9446130026 | Ottoman Society for Union and Progress | Organization of political agitators in opposition to rule of Abdul Hamid; also called "Young Turks", desired to restore 1876 constitution. | 5 | |
| 9446635745 | Murad | Head of the coalition of Malmuk rules in Egypt; opposed Napoleonic rulers in Egypt; failure destroyed Malmuk government in Egypt and revealed Muslim vulnerability. | 6 | |
| 9446650193 | Muhammad Ali | Won power struggle in Egypt following fall of Malmuks; established mastery in all of Egypt by 1811. Introduced effective army based on Western tactics. | 7 | |
| 9446693545 | khedives | Descendants of Muhammad Ali in Egypt after 1867; formal rulers of Egypt despite French and English intervention until overthrown by military coup in 1952. | 8 | |
| 9446713168 | Suez Canal | Built across Isthmus of Suez to connect Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea in 1869; financed by European investors. | 9 | |
| 9446714262 | Jamal al-Din al-Afghani | Muslim thinker at the end of the 19th century; stressed need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology. | 10 | |
| 9446715141 | Muhammad Abduh | Disciple of al-Afghani; Muslim thinker at end of 19th century; stressed need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology. | 11 | |
| 9446716315 | Ahmad Arabi | Egyptian military leader who led a revolt against Turkic dominance in the army in 1882, which forced the khedival regime to call in British force for support. | 12 | |
| 9446716316 | Khartoum | River town that was administrative center of Egyptian authority in Sudan. | 13 | |
| 9446789518 | Muhammad Ahmad | Head of a Sudanic Sufi brotherhood; claimed descent from prophet Muhammad; proclaimed both Egyptians and British as infidels. | 14 | |
| 9446789519 | Mahdi | In Sufi belief system, a promised deliverer; also name given to Muhammad Ahmad. | 15 | |
| 9446790342 | Khalifa Abdallahi | Successor of Muhammad Ahmad as leader of Mahdists in Sudan; established state in Sudan; defeated by British General Kitchener in 1898. | 16 | |
| 9446798122 | Nurhaci | Architect of Manchu unity; created distinctive Manchu banner armies; controlled most of Manchuria. | 17 | |
| 9446798123 | banner armies | Eight armies of the Manchu tribes identified by separate flags; created by Nurhaci in in early 17th century, utilized to defeat Ming emperor Qing dynasty. | 18 | |
| 9446798817 | Qing | Manchu dynasty that seized control of China in the mid-17th century after the decline of Ming; forced submission of nomadic peoples far to the west. | 19 | |
| 9446801446 | Kangxi | Confucian scholar and Manchu emperor of Qing dynasty from 1661-1722; established high degree of Sinification among the Manchus. | 20 | |
| 9446837584 | compradors | Wealthy new group of Chinese merchants under the Qing dynasty; specialized in the import-export trade on China's south coast; one of the major links btw. China and the outside world. | 21 | |
| 9446875195 | Opium War | Fought between the British and Qing China in 1839; fought to protect British trade in opium; resulted in resounding British victory, opening of Hong Kong as British port of trade. | 22 | |
| 9446875977 | Lin Zexu | Distinguished Chinese official charged with stamping out opium trade in southern China; ordered blockade of European trading areas in Canton and confiscation of opium. | 23 | |
| 9446887569 | Taiping Rebellion | Broke out in south China in the 1850s and early 1860s; led by Hong Xiuquan, a semi-Christianized prophet; sought to overthrow Qing dynasty and Confucian basis of scholar-gentry. | 24 | |
| 9446887570 | Hong Xiuquan | Leader of Taiping rebellion; converted specifically to Chinese form of Christianity; attacked traditional Confucian teachings of Chinese elite. | 25 | |
| 9446888401 | Zeng Goufan | One of the ablest scholar-gentry officials in the last half of the 19th century. Advocated the introduction of Western technologies and military reforms. Defender of Qing dynasty. | 26 | |
| 9446888402 | self-strengthening movement | Late 19th century movement in China to counter the challenge from the West; led by provincial leaders. | 27 | |
| 9446889013 | Cixi | Ultraconservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty; supported Boxer Rebellion in 1898 as means of driving out Westerners. | 28 | |
| 9446889876 | Boxer Rebellion | Popular outburst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from China; failed because of intervention of armies of Western powers in China; defeat of Chinese enhanced control by Europeans and provincial officials. | 29 | |
| 9446889877 | Sun Yat-sen | Head of Revolutionary Alliance, organization that led 1911 revolt against Qing dynasty in China, briefly elected President in 1911, created Nationalist party of China (Guomindang) in 1919. | 30 | |
| 9446890414 | Puyi | Last emperor of China; deposed as emperor while still a small boy in 1912. | 31 |
Flashcards
AP World History Chapter 25 Flashcards
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| 3995599485 | 1. Toussaint L'Ouverture | leader of slave rebellion on the French sugar island of St. Domingue in 1791; led to creation of independent republic of Haiti in 1804 | 0 | |
| 3995599486 | 2. Joseph Bonaparte | Napoleon's brother, made king of Spain but unable to control the Spanish which led to the costly Peninsula War | 1 | |
| 3995599487 | 3. Mask of Ferdinand | movements in Latin America allegedly loyal to the displaced Bourbon king of Spain, Ferdinand VII; Creole movements for independence | 2 | |
| 3995599488 | 4. Father Miguel de Hidalgo | Mexican priest who established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed | 3 | |
| 3995599489 | 5. Augustín de Iturbide | Mexican (creole) army officer who joined forces w/ the Indians and Mestizos won Mexico independence then claimed himself emperor | 4 | |
| 3995599490 | 6. Simon Bolívar | Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule | 5 | |
| 3995599491 | 7. Gran Colombia | Bolivar's plan to unite Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Columbia; united in 1822 but broke apart in1830 because of geography | 6 | |
| 3995599492 | 8. José de San Martín | South American general and statesman, born in Argentina; leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, aand Chile; protector of Peru | 7 | |
| 3995599493 | 9. Dom João VI | Portuguese monarch who established seat of government in Brazil from 1808 to 1820 as a result of Napoleonic invasion of Iberian peninsula; made Rio de Janeiro the capital | 8 | |
| 3995599494 | 10. Dom Pedro I | son and successor of Dom João VI in Brazil; aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822; became constitutional emperor of Brazil | 9 | |
| 3995599495 | 11. Dr. José Rodríguez de Francia | first leader of Paraguay following its independence from Spain; dictator | 10 | |
| 3995599496 | 12. Federalists | supporters of the stronger central government who advocated the ratification of the new constitution | 11 | |
| 3995599497 | 13. Andrés Santa Cruz | Mestizo general who established union of independent Peru and Bolivia between 1829 and 1839 | 12 | |
| 3995599498 | 14. Manifest Destiny | this expression was popular in the 1840's; many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea", from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean; this rationale drove the acquisition of territory | 13 | |
| 3995599499 | 15. Positivism | a quality or state characterized by certainty or acceptance or affirmation | 14 | |
| 3995599500 | 16. Caudillos | military dictator; gained control after independence movements | 15 | |
| 3995599501 | 17. Centralists | people who favor national action over action at the state and local levels | 16 | |
| 3995599502 | 18. Panama Canal | a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914) | 17 | |
| 3995599503 | 19. Monroe Doctrine | an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers | 18 | |
| 3995599504 | 20. Guano | Bird droppings used a fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century | 19 | |
| 3995599505 | 21. Portenos | Buenos Aires inhabitants | 20 | |
| 3995599506 | 22. Fazendas | coffee estates that spread within interior of Brazil between 1840 and 1860; created major export commodity for Brazilian trade; led to intensification of slavery in Brazil | 21 | |
| 3995599507 | 23. Antonio López de Santa Anna | Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War | 22 | |
| 3995599508 | 24. Minas Gerais | region of Brazil located in mountainous interior where gold strikes were discovered in 1695; became location for gold rush | 23 | |
| 3995599509 | 25. Bahia | Monotehistic religion founded in 1860's Persia (Iran) by Bahalla | 24 | |
| 3995599510 | 26. Rafael Carrera | farmer who led a revolt and became leader of Guatemala | 25 | |
| 3995599511 | 27. Liberals | people who generally favor government action and view change as progress | 26 | |
| 3995599512 | 28. Lord Canning | British minister U.S. and England issued a warning to other nations to stay out of Latin America to protect the trade routes | 27 | |
| 3995599513 | 29. Auguste Comte | French philosopher remember as the founded of positivism; saw human history as 3 stages: theological, metaphysical and scientific; founded "sociology" | 28 | |
| 3995599514 | 30. Napoleon III | nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, and elected emperor of France from 1852-1870; invaded Mexico when the Mexican government couldn't repay loans from French bankers; set up a new government under Maximillian; refused Lincoln's request that France withdraw | 29 | |
| 3995599515 | 31. Empress Carlota | wife of the first emperor of Mexico; worked with France to lessen their grip on them | 30 | |
| 3995599516 | 32. War of the Triple Alliance | conflict with Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina | 31 | |
| 3995599517 | 33. Antonio Conselheiro | war in Canudos against him; Catholic preacher believed in Milinarianism; hated by authorities, churches, and local landowners; soldiers sent to destroy him and his followers | 32 | |
| 3995599518 | 34. Euclides de Cunha | Brazilian writer | 33 | |
| 3995599519 | 35. José Hernández | poet who offered a romanticized vision of the gaucho and protested its decline in the poem "The Gaucho Martin Fierro" | 34 | |
| 3995599520 | 36. Alberto Blest Gana | Chilean novelist and diplomat; considered the father of Chilean novel | 35 | |
| 3995599521 | 37. Policarpa Salvaterra | (La Pola) Neogranadine seamstress who spied for the Revolutionary forces during the Spanish Reconquista of the Viceroyalty of New Granada | 36 | |
| 3995599522 | 38. War of the Pacific | conflict over the Atacama nitrate fields led in 1879 to this war, which resulted in the humiliating defeat of Bolivia and Peru by Chile; also resulted inBolivia becoming a landlocked country | 37 | |
| 3995599523 | 39. Great Boom | period between 1830 and 1870 in which a few miles of track grew into 900,000 miles of track | 38 | |
| 3995599524 | 40. Generation of 1880 | from 1880-1914 rapid economic growth under liberal presidents and a massive influx of European migrants | 39 | |
| 3995599525 | 41. Golondrinas | "Swallows"; Italian workers who migrated annually between Europe and South America to take advantage of different growing seasons | 40 | |
| 3995599526 | 42. Theodore Roosevelt | 26th President of the U.S.; known for conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal", Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War | 41 | |
| 3995599527 | 43. "American Way" | the idea that you can work harder and prosper | 42 | |
| 3995599528 | 44. José Enrique Rodó | Uruguayan essayist; called for the youth of Latin America to reject materialism to revert back to Greco-Roman habits of free thought and self enrichment, and to develop and concentrate on their culture | 43 | |
| 3995599529 | 45. Mexican | American War- (1846-1841) the war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory | 44 | |
| 3995599530 | 46. Gauchos | mounted rural workers in the Rio de la Plata region of Argentina; cowboys | 45 | |
| 3995599531 | 47. Treaty of Guadalupe | Hidalgo- treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million | 46 | |
| 3995599532 | 48. Maximilian von Habsburg | proclaimed emperor of Mexico following intervention of France in 1862; ruled until overthrow and execution by liberal revolutionaries under Benito Juárez in 1867 | 47 | |
| 3995599533 | 49. La Reforma | liberal rebellion of Benito Juárez against the forces of Santa Anna | 48 | |
| 3995599534 | 50. Porfirio Díaz | a dictator who dominated Mexico, permitted foreign companies to develop natural resources and had allowed landowners to buy much of the countries land from poor peasants | 49 | |
| 3995599535 | 51. Juan Manuel de Rosas | federalist leader in Buenos Aires; took power in 1831; commanded loyalty of gauchos; restored local autonomy | 50 | |
| 3995599536 | 52. Cientificos | advisors of government of Porfirio Diaz who were strongly influenced by positivist ideas; permitted government to project image of modernization | 51 | |
| 3995599537 | 53. Argentine Republic | replaced state of Buenos Aires in 1862; result of compromise between centralists and federalists | 52 | |
| 3995599538 | 54. Spanish | American War- In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence | 53 | |
| 3995599539 | 55. Domingo F. Sarmiento | liberal politician and president of the Argentine Republic; author of Facundo, a critique of caudillo politics; increased international trade and launched reforms in education and transportation | 54 | |
| 3995599540 | 56. Modernization theory | a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between nations | 55 | |
| 3995599541 | 57. Dependency theory | the belief that development and underdevelopment were not stages but were part of the same process; that development and growth of areas like western Europe were achieved at the expense of underdevelopment of dependent regions like Latin America | 56 |
AP Literature Vocab #3 Flashcards
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| 11928318601 | Divergent (adj) | Different, conflicting | 0 | |
| 11928318602 | Duplicitous (adj) | Deliberately deceptive | 1 | |
| 11928318603 | Egalitarian (adj) | Belief in equality | 2 | |
| 11928318604 | Elicit (v) | To bring about | 3 | |
| 11928318605 | Enumerate (v) | To list | 4 | |
| 11928318606 | Ephemeral (adj) | Short lived | 5 | |
| 11928318607 | Equivocal (adj) | Ambiguous, open to more than one interpretation | 6 | |
| 11928318608 | Esoteric (adj) | Only understood by a few | 7 | |
| 11928318609 | Estrangement (n) | Alienate | 8 | |
| 11928318610 | Exacting (adj) | Demanding | 9 | |
| 11928318611 | Exhort (v) | To encourage | 10 | |
| 11928318612 | Expedient (adj) | Useful | 11 | |
| 11928318613 | Extol (v) | To praise | 12 | |
| 11928318614 | Fallacy (n) | False belief | 13 | |
| 11928318615 | Fastidious (adj) | Close attention to detail; careful | 14 | |
| 11928318616 | Flippant (adj) | Disrespectful | 15 |
Flashcards
AP Literature Literary Terms: Prose Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10714551910 | Allegory | A literary work in which characters, objects, actions, or the story as a whole, represent abstractions or symbols | 0 | |
| 10714555477 | Ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. | 1 | |
| 10714558215 | Analogy | A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way | 2 | |
| 10714559256 | Anaphora | the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses | 3 | |
| 10714562594 | Inversion | Inverted order of words in a sentence | 4 | |
| 10714563979 | anecdote | A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event. | 5 | |
| 10714566037 | Antithesis | contrasting ideas laid out with the structure of the sentence. ex. One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. | 6 | |
| 10714567262 | Chiasmus | a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases; gives the sentence a different meaning ex. One should eat to live, not live to eat. | 7 | |
| 10714573092 | Anthromorphism | attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object; but this personification is sustained throughout the literary piece | 8 | |
| 10714578649 | Aphorism | A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life. | 9 | |
| 10714581126 | Asydenton | Commas used (with no conjunctions) to separate a series of words. ex. "I came, I saw, I conquered" | 10 | |
| 10714586574 | foil character | A character who is used as a contrast to another character; the contrast emphasizes the differences between the two characters, bringing out the distinctive qualities in each. | 11 | |
| 10714589901 | Classic Hero | Attractive, successful; embodies the values of his society, capable, wins in the end | 12 | |
| 10714591610 | Everyman Hero | a hero that is an everyday person; not unique | 13 | |
| 10714593083 | Anti-hero | a central character in a story, movie, or drama who lacks conventional heroic attributes. | 14 | |
| 10714594268 | tragic hero | A literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy | 15 | |
| 10714596134 | cliche | a worn-out idea or overused expression | 16 | |
| 10714596637 | Colloquialism | informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing; voice of narrator | 17 | |
| 10714598057 | Connotation | All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests | 18 | |
| 10714599225 | Denotation | The dictionary definition of a word | 19 | |
| 10714600004 | Dialect | A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. | 20 | |
| 10714604991 | Diction | A writer's or speaker's choice of words | 21 | |
| 10714605625 | didactic | intended to instruct, has educational purpose; can characterize the tone of author | 22 | |
| 10714607950 | Epigraph | the use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at or foreshadows its theme | 23 | |
| 10714609360 | Epistrophe | Repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses | 24 | |
| 10714610674 | Fable | A brief story that leads to a moral, often using animals as characters | 25 | |
| 10714614343 | dramatic irony | Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. | 26 | |
| 10714615095 | situational irony | irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected. | 27 | |
| 10714616079 | Juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts | 28 | |
| 10714617271 | Litotes | A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite ex. The ice cream was not too bad. | 29 | |
| 10714631522 | local color | writing which presents the mannerisms, dress, speech and customs of a particular geographical region; gives an impression based on these factors | 30 | |
| 10714633521 | loose sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. ex. I went to the movies yesterday, bought candy, and shopped at the mall. | 31 | |
| 10714641031 | extended metaphor | A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work. | 32 | |
| 10714642955 | dead metaphor | a metaphor that has been used so often that the comparison is no longer vivid | 33 | |
| 10714643786 | Metonymy | a metaphor or symbol that most people would recognize; substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it | 34 | |
| 10714647622 | Motif | A recurring theme, subject or idea that may help foreshadow something later on | 35 | |
| 10714651230 | faulty narrator | a narrator who the reader does not trust and the author does not support; could be because of childishness, insanity or falsehood | 36 | |
| 10714652891 | Oxymoron | conjoining contradictory terms ex. deafening silence | 37 | |
| 10714655037 | Parable | A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson | 38 | |
| 10714655817 | Paradox | A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. ex. Jesus' blood washes us white as snow | 39 | |
| 10714660238 | parallel structure | the way the sentence is structured shows a repeat in which the two parts go together ex. chiasmus, antithesis, juxtaposition | 40 | |
| 10714936645 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. | 41 | |
| 10714937126 | periodic sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. | 42 | |
| 10714939024 | Satire | A literary work that uses exaggeration and humor to get a point across or to criticize human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies | 43 | |
| 10714943501 | stream of consciousness | a style of writing that portrays the inner (often chaotic) workings of a character's mind. | 44 | |
| 10714944539 | Syntax | Sentence structure | 45 | |
| 10714945536 | Style | the author's syntax and diction; which words are used and how they are used | 46 | |
| 10714947345 | synechdoche | where a part stands for the whole ex. All hands on deck | 47 | |
| 10714949348 | tall tale | an outrageously exaggerated, humorous story that is obviously unbelievable | 48 | |
| 10714952326 | Theme | Central idea of a work of literature, often author's message on a certain topic | 49 | |
| 10714955779 | Tone | Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character that affects the overall mood | 50 | |
| 10714957289 | Understatement | the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended. ex. You're not bad at math. | 51 | |
| 10714958761 | Vernacular | Everyday language of ordinary people | 52 | |
| 10714959410 | voice | The real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker; the way we are able to get to know the character and their qualities through the way they speak or think. | 53 |
Ap World History Chapter 7 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7471904050 | Abbasid Empire | -Coalition with the Mawali -Capital: Baghdad -(Center of Learning) -(Obtained Math and Science from Gupta India) -Sunni -Appointed Wazirs (Chief Adminstrator) and Royal Executioners -Mawali never had to pay Jizya again (the tax for being a convert) | 0 | |
| 7471904051 | Harun al Rashid | -Extremely powerful and rich -Abbasid Empire Caliph -Used Persians as Wazirs -Death leads to a civil war | 1 | |
| 7471904052 | Women | -Increased subjugation of women -Confined and Secluded -Could only gain freedom/power by bearing healthy sons | 2 | |
| 7471904053 | Slaves | -Were prized for their: -Education -Beauty -Entertainment purposes -And above all else they were USEFUL | 3 | |
| 7471904054 | Buyids | -Persian -Captured Baghdad in 945 -Took power of/from the Caliphs -Shi'ite Islam influenced them | 4 | |
| 7471904055 | Seljuk Turks | -Sunnis -Crushed the Byzantines, stops them from taking over -Intolerant of Shi'ites -Lays foundations for Ottoman Empire | 5 | |
| 7471904056 | Crusades | -The 1st Crusades is the only Actual Successful Crusades -1099 Jerusalem is taken in the 1st Crusade |  | 6 |
| 7471904057 | Outremer | - The Christian States of Jerusalem: -County of Edessa -Principality of Antioch -County of Tripoli -Kingdom of Jerusalem | 7 | |
| 7471904058 | Saladin | -Takes back Jerusalem -Ransomed Knights of Crusades (sold some into slavery) |  | 8 |
| 7471904059 | Richard The Lionhearted | -Weird mutual respect between him and Saladin during Crusades -Captured for ransom -Never makes it home to England | 9 | |
| 7471904060 | Impact of the Crusades | -Improves trade in this area -Trade dominated by North Italian city states -New Items are "discovered" like: -New Weapons -New Medicine -Rugs -Textiles -Dates -Coffee -And Yogurt -Enduring hostility between Muslims and Christians -Connected Europe to the rest of the World (trading wise) -Long distance trade flourished | 10 | |
| 7471904061 | Art | -Ornate Palaces and Mosques -Ceramics -Lots of Artists where employed in this time... Lots | 11 | |
| 7471904062 | Education | - 1st Preserved and compiled learning of Ancient Civilizations Literature -Firdausi's Epic Shah-Nama ("Book of Kings") -Persian replaces Arabic Science -Abbasids left a huge mark -Al-Razi - Creates Classification system -Animals -Vegetables -Minerals -Astronomy Math -Trigonometry -Sine -Cosine -Tangent | 12 | |
| 7471904063 | Scientific Achievements | Practical applications -Better Hospitals -Optics/Bladder Ailments -Better Maps - Cartography -Perfected papermaking, silk-weaving, ceramic firing -Machines | 13 | |
| 7471904064 | Religious Trends | -Orthodox vs. Mystics -Strict Ways (Orthodox Muslims) vs. Mystical ways (Sufis) | 14 | |
| 7471904065 | Sufis | -Wondering Mystics -Healers -Miracle workers -Militant Bands -Mediation -Songs -Drugs -Spinning dances (Dervishes) |  | 15 |
| 7471904066 | Orthodox Muslims | -Gained prominence after Crusades -Strict to the ways of Islam -Quran (Final, perfect, complete revelation) | 16 | |
| 7471904067 | Nomadic Invasions | -Mongols -Mamluks -Tamerlane | 17 | |
| 7471904068 | Mongols | -Led by Chinggis Khan (Gangues Khan) -Sacked Baghdad -Put the 38th Caliph to death (By marching an army over his body) |  | 18 |
| 7471904069 | Mamluks | -Turkish slave dynasty -Stopped the Mongols | 19 | |
| 7471904070 | Tamerlane | -Takes Baghdad -Last great Nomadic invader | 20 | |
| 7471904071 | Indian Influences on Islam | -Scientific learning -Hindu Mathematics (Algebra/Geometry) -Hindu numerals -Medicine -Building styles -Chess -Indian foods -Elephant riding | 21 | |
| 7471904072 | First Wave of Muslim Invaders | -Arab Seafarers -Muhammad Ibn Qasim -Brought little change -Lower taxes -Greater religious toleration -Local officials get to retain titles -Status of Brahman castes repected -Arabs lived in Cities/Garrison towns | 22 | |
| 7471904073 | Muhammad Ibn Qasim | -Preemptive assault to punish attack of Arab trading | 23 | |
| 7471904074 | Second Wave of Muslim Invasions | -Muhammad of Ghazni -Muhammad of Ghur -Delhi (Capital of Northern India (Islamic State)) -Safi mystics -Hindu Revival -Shrivijaya | 24 | |
| 7471904075 | Muhammad of Ghazni | -Seeking wealth -Desire to spread Muslim faith -Defeated regional princes | 25 | |
| 7471904076 | Muhammad of Ghur | -Pushed territory further | 26 | |
| 7471904077 | Safi | -Mystics -Similar to Gurus | 27 | |
| 7471904078 | Hindu Revival | Bhaktic Cults -Calls to gods and goddesses -Helped flow of Islam -Open to everyone Kabir -Played down Difference | 28 | |
| 7471904079 | Shrivijaya | -Islam spread to Southeast Asia -Indonesian Trading Posts -Increase of Muslim trading centers |  | 29 |
| 7471904080 | Slavery | -To Muslims this was a good thing -It was the 1st step to conversion | 30 |
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