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World History Reformation Flashcards

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4641384216Martin LutherA German monk who criticized the Catholic Church. In 1517, he wrote 95 Theses. He led the Protestant Reformation.0
4641384502ReformationA movement to change the Church. It started with Martin Luther in 1517. Now we have Protestant churches because of it.1
4641385765reforma change, to make better2
464138648795 ThesesMartin Luther's ideas to change the Church.3
4641389921Printing PressThe first machines to print. Before everything was hand written.4
4641389922Gutenberg BibleOne of the first books to be 1st printed by a press. More people could read it and decide what the Bible says.5
4641391643corruptiondishonest or illegal actions6
4641391936protestedLike Last Supper- bread & wine in remembrance of Christ.7
4641391937convertedchanged8
4641394984Councila group that makes laws9
4641415526Missionssending help to people10
4641423790Inquisitiona Church court set up to try people accused of saying or doing something bad to the Church.11
10851620588PopeHead of the Roman Catholic Church12
10851625164indulgenceA ticket to "get into heaven"13

AP WORLD Chapter 7 VOCAB Flashcards

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7657014388bedouinnomadic pastoralists of the arabic peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats0
7657014389shaykhsleaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually possessed large herds, several wives, and many children1
7657014390meccaarabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of muhammad and the future center of islam2
7657014391medinatown northeast of mecca; asked muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; muhammad's flight to medina, the hijra, in 622 began the muslim calendar3
7657014392umayyadclan of the quraysh that dominated mecca; later an islamic dynasty4
7657014393muhammad(570-632); prophet of allah; originally a merchant of the quraysh5
7657014394khadijahthe wife of muhammad6
7657014395ka'barevered pre-islamic shrine in mecca; incorporated into muslim worship7
7657014396qur'anthe word of god as revealed through muhammad; made into the holy book of islam8
7657014397ummacommunity of the faithful within islam9
7657014398zakattax for charity obligatory for all muslims10
7657014399five pillarsthe obligatory religious duties for all muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to mecca)11
7657014400caliphthe successor the muhammad as head of the islamic community12
7657014401alicousin and son-in-law of muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism13
7657014402abu bakrsucceeded muhammad as the first caliph14
7657014403riddawars following muhammad's death; the defeat of rival prophets and opponents restored the unity of islam15
7657014404jihadislamic holy war16
7657014405uthmanthird caliph; his assassination set off a civil war within islam between the umayyads and ali17
7657014406siffinbattle fought in 657 between ali and the umayyads; led to negotiations that fragmented ali's party18
7657014407mu'awiyafirst umayyad caliph; his capital was damascus19
7657014408copts, nestorianschristian sects of syria and egypt; gave their support to the arabic muslims20
7657014409sunnisfollowers of the majority interpretation within islam; included the umayyads21
7657014410shi'afollowers of ali's interpretation of islam22
7657014411karbalasite of the defeat and death of husayn, the son of ali23
7657014412mawalinon-arab converts to islam24
7657014413jizyahead tax paid by all non-muslims in islamic lands25
7657014414dhimmis"the people of the book," jews, christians; later extended to zoroastrians and hindus26
7657014415abbasidsdynasty that succeeded the umayyads in 750; their capital was at baghdad27
7657014416hadiths"traditions" of the prophet muhammad; added to the qur'an, form the essential writings of islam28
7657014417battle of the river zab750; abbasid victory over the umayyads, near the tigris. led to abbasid ascendancy29
7657014418baghdadabbasid capital, close to the old persian capital of ctesiphon30
7657014419wazirchief administrative official under the abbasids31
7657014420dhowsarab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by arab merchants32
7657014421ayanthe wealthy landed elite that emerged under the abbasids33

ap world history: chapter 19 vocab Flashcards

chapter 19: The Increasing Influence of Europe

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7866000797Hanseatic Leaguea commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas0
7866002436three estatesthree classes in France before the Revolution1
7866002437chivalrythe medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code2
7866003269guildsassociation of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests3
7866004381Thomas Aquinasscholastic theologian that argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by logical argument.4
7866004382pilgrimagea journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes5
7866006472Leif Eriksonviking Explorer, 1st to discover North America, before Columbus6
7866006473reconquistaa long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain7
7866007331fourth crusadea Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem8

AP World History: CHP 8 Flashcards

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8425881374Bantu migrationsWaves of rapid migrations population movement from West Africa into eastern and southern Africa during the 1st millenium CE that brought advanced agricultural practices to these regions and absorbved most of the preexisting hunting-and-gathering populkatios.0
8425881375ByzantiumModern term for the eastern Roman Empire, centered at its "new Rome," Constantinople.1
8425883941Code of manuPart of the handiwork of Brahman priests; a representative code of law that incorporated social sanctions and practices and provided guidance for living within the bcaste system.2
8425883942CreedFormal statement of faith or expression of a belief system. A Christian "credo" was formulated by the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE.3
8425888305Hinayana buddhismA form of Buddhism that accepted the divinity of Buddha himself but not of demigods, or bodhisattvas.4
8425888306HinduismA refashioning of the ancient Brahmanic Vedic religion, bringing it in accord with rural life and agrarian values. It emerged as the dominant faith in Indian society in the third-century CE. Believers became vegetarians and adopted rituals of self-sacrifice. Three major deities—Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva—formed a trinity representing the three phases of the universe (birth, existence, and destruction, respectively) and the three expressions of the eternal self, or atma.5
8425898053Madhyamika (middle way) buddhismChinese branch of Mahayana Buddhism established by Kumarajiva (344-413 CE) that used irony and paradox to show that reason was limited.6
8425898054MartyrPeople executed by the Roman authorities for persisting in their Christian beliefs and refusing to submit to pagan ritual or belief.7
8425898055Sanskrit cosmopolisA cultural synthesis based on Hindu spiritual beliefs and articulated in the Sanskrit language that served to unify South Asia in place of a centralized empire.8
8425900980Universalizing religionsReligions that appeal to diverse populations; are easily adaptable across various cultural and geographical areas; promote universal rules and principles to guide behavior that transcend place, time, and specific cultural practices; are proselytized by energetic and charismatic missionaries; foster a deep sense of community felt by their converts; are supported by powerful empires.9

AP World History Chapter 8 Quiz Flashcards

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3166362050Which of the following was a major development in Chinese society that took shape in the centuries following the collapse of the Han dynasty?Northern nomads conquered some portions of China0
3166362051Which of the following contributed to the doubling of the Chinese population during the Tang and Song dynasties?the adoption of a fast-ripening strain of rice from Vietnam1
3166362052Which of the following is a reason that the Tang and Song dynasties are regarded as a "golden age" in China?the setting of standards of excellence in art and literature2
3166362053Those who participated in the Chinese tribute system gainedthe opportunity to trade in China3
3166362054Which of the following explains why women's lives were more restricted in the Song dynasty than in the Tang dynasty?the revival of Confucianism4
3166362055Which of the following statements about the Chinese tribute system is true?The Chinese government often gave other states gifts that were in fact worth more than the tribute that those states paid to China5
3166362056China's most enduring and intense interaction with outsiders was withthe nomadic pastoral peoples of the northern steppes6
3166362057Which of the following describes Korea's relationship with China?Its capital city of Kumsong was modeled directly on the Chinese capital of Chang'an7
3166362058Which of the following contributed to China's economic revolution during the Tang and Song dynasties?A complex network of internal waterways that provided cheap transportation8
3166362059Chinese interaction with the northern nomads during the tang dynasty resulted inthe evolution of a mixed Chinese/Turkic culture in northern China9
3166362060In their relations with China, Korea and Japan bothsent people to China to study Chinese thought and culture10
3166362061Which of the following statements best describes Korea's relationship with China in the premodern period?Korea adopted many elements of Chinese culture while still retaining a distinctive culture and separate political existence11
3166362062Which of the following was a technological innovation that spread from China to the rest of Eurasia?printing12
3166362063Which of the following was a factor in the growth of Buddhism in China after 300 C.E.?Increased disorder following the collapse of the Han dynasty, which discredited Confucianism13
3166362064In Song dynasty China, masculine identity came to be defined in terms ofcalligraphy, scholarship, painting, and poetry14
3166362065Which of the following was a political contribution of the Tang and Song dynasties?The construction of a state structure that lasted until the twentieth century15
3166362066Chinese references to "western barbarians" in the Tang dynasty included which group of people?Indians16
3166362067How was the tribute system an expression of the Chinese view of themselves and their relationship to the world?The tribute system required non-Chinese to acknowledge Chinese superiority and their own subordinate place in a Chinese-centered world order.17
3166362068The emergence of which practice during the Song dynasty suggests that Chinese women's lives were more restricted than they had been in the Tang dynasty?Foot binding18
3166362069What did Korea, Japan, and Vietnam all develop that reflected their unique culture?Their own writing systems19
3166362070In what respect was Japan's borrowing of Chinese culture different from the experiences of Korea and Vietnam?Japan's borrowing was wholly voluntary rather than occruing under conditions of direct military threat or outright occupation20
3166362071Which of the following is an example of how Chinese inventions stimulated innovations in distant lands?The Chinese formula for gunpowder triggered the development of cannons in Europe21
3166362072The invention of printing in China was linked with which religion?Buddhism22
3166362073Which of the following shows the effect of the Indian Ocean trade on China?The transformation of southern China from a subsistence economy to an export-oriented economy23
3166362074The emergence of the samurai reflected Japan'sdecentralized political structure24
3166362075Which religion provided an element of cultural commonality for the East Asian region?Buddhism25
3166362076Which of the following is an example of how Indian Buddhism was modified after its introduction into China?The Buddhist notion of "morality" was translated with the Confucian term for "filial submission and obedience"26
3166362077How did the changed environment in China in the ninth century affect Buddhism?Buddhist monasteries came under state control as a xenophobic reaction set in27
3166362078In Japan's Seventeen Article Constitution, the statement that "when the superior acts, the inferior yields compliance" reflects an understanding of the relationship superior and inferiors associated withConfucianism28
3166362079Shiba Yoshimasa's instruction "to give up your life for the sake of the sole sovereign, or serving under the commander the military in a time of need" is associated withbushido29
3166362080Southernization is theterm used to describe the process of migration of people, plants, technologies, and ideas from Southeast Asia northward through Eurasia30
3166362081Which food was introduced to the east coast of African continent by the Austronesiansbananas31
3166362082Both classical Rome and Axum were shaped bythe emergence of the Christian faith32
3166362083Which of the following was the center of long-distance oceanic trade in the millennium from 500 to 1500?The Indian Ocean33
3166362084Which of the following resulted from the trans-regional interaction during the third-wave era?The spread of the Black Death34

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