Flashcards
AP world history Ch. 12 Vocab Flashcards
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| 7994276934 | almohads | group of Islamic reformers who overthrew the Almoravid dynasty - ibn tumert's disciples, a term that means "believers in the oneness of god" | 0 | |
| 7994276935 | almoravids | The Almoravids were crucial in preventing the fall of Al-Andalus to the Iberian Christian kingdoms, when they decisively defeated a coalition of the Castilian and Aragonese armies at the Battle of Sagrajas in 1086. This enabled them to control an empire that stretched 3,000 kilometers (1,900 mi) north to south. However, the rule of the dynasty was relatively short-lived. The Almoravids fell—at the height of their power—when they failed to quell the Masmuda-led rebellion initiated by Ibn Tumart. As a result, their last king Ishaq ibn Ali was killed in Marrakesh in April 1147 by the Almohad Caliphate, who replaced them as a ruling dynasty both in Morocco and Al-Andalus | 1 | |
| 7994276936 | bishopric | in the catholic church organization, a district (diocese) under the authority of a bishop | 2 | |
| 7994276937 | bourgeois | the social category of town-dwelling artisans, merchants, and bankers who occupied a position between rural peasants and the aristocratic class; in modern usage, the "middle class"; in marxist thought, the property-owning class that oppresses the working class | 3 | |
| 7994276938 | canon law | a code of laws and regulations governing a christian church or denomination, especially in matters of faith, worship, moral behavior, and church administration | 4 | |
| 7994276939 | charter | a document in which a state or other political authority granted specific rights or privileges to an individual, town, guild, or other organization to carry out particular functions | 5 | |
| 7994276940 | crusades | The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The most commonly known Crusades are the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean aimed at recovering the Holy Land from Islamic rule but the term "Crusades" is also applied to other church-sanctioned campaigns. These were fought for a variety of reasons including the suppression of paganism and heresy, the resolution of conflict among rival Roman Catholic groups, or for political and territorial advantage. At the time of the early Crusades the word did not exist, only becoming the leading descriptive term around 1760. They also had a hard life during the war | 6 | |
| 7994276941 | dai viet | Đại Việt (大越, IPA: [ɗâjˀ vìət], literally Great Viet) is the name of Vietnam for the periods from 1054 to 1400 and 1428 to 1804. Beginning with the rule of Lý Thánh Tông (r. 1054-1072), the third emperor of the Lý Dynasty, until the rule of Gia Long (r. 1802-1820), the first emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty, it was the second-longest used name for the country after "Văn Lang" | 7 | |
| 7994276942 | ghaznavids | mamluk rebellion that formed a dynasty | 8 | |
| 7994276943 | jin dynasty of the jurchens | destroyed the Liao state and took over china | 9 | |
| 7994276944 | kamakura shogunate | the first of Japan's decentralized military governments (1185-1333) | 10 | |
| 7994276945 | madrasa | a center of higher learning dedicated mainly to the study of islamic religious and legal subjects | 11 | |
| 7994276946 | magna carta (great charter) | document that ratified customary rights of the aristocracy against royal power and stipulated that the monarch could levy taxes only with aristocratic consent | 12 | |
| 7994276947 | mamluk | While mamluks were purchased as property, their status was above ordinary slaves, who were not allowed to carry weapons or perform certain tasks. In places such as Egypt, from the Ayyubid dynasty to the time of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, mamluks were considered to be "true lords" and "true warriors", with social status above the general population in Egypt and the Levant. In a sense they were like enslaved mercenaries. | 13 | |
| 7994276948 | meritocracy | a government or other institution in which individuals are awarded office and responsibility based on their merit - intelligence, talents, or education - rather than merely on their social status or circumstances of birth | 14 | |
| 7994276949 | mysticism | the individual pursuit of knowledge or consciousness of spiritual truth or divine reality, through meditation, prayer, study, or ecstatic experience; also, mystical religion, teaching, or practice | 15 | |
| 7994276950 | neo-confucianism | Neo-Confucianism (Chinese: 宋明理學; pinyin: Sòng-Míng lǐxué, often shortened to lixue 理學) is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, and originated with Han Yu and Li Ao (772-841) in the Tang Dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties. Neo-Confucianism was an attempt to create a more rationalist and secular form of Confucianism by rejecting superstitious and mystical elements of Taoism and Buddhism that had influenced Confucianism during and after the Han Dynasty. Although the Neo-Confucianists were critical of Taoism and Buddhism, the two did have an influence on the philosophy, and the Neo-Confucianists borrowed terms and concepts from both. However, unlike the Buddhists and Taoists, who saw metaphysics as a catalyst for spiritual development, religious enlightenment, and immortality, the Neo-Confucianists used metaphysics as a guide for developing a rationalist ethical philosophy | 16 | |
| 7994276951 | north atlantic warm period | period from 800-1300 when the atlantic ocean warmed | 17 | |
| 7994276952 | principality | a sovereign state or dependent territory, usually relatively small, ruled by a person with noble title of high rank, for example, prince, princess; duke, or duchess | 18 | |
| 7994276953 | samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy - class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land | 19 | |
| 7994276954 | secular ruler | in the christian tradition, a monarch or other ruler who is not an ordained priest and does not formally represent the authority of the church; a temporal, as opposed to spiritual, leader | 20 | |
| 7994276955 | seljuk turks | The Seljuk Empire or Great Seljuk Empire (also spelled Seljuq) (Persian: آل سلجوق) was a medieval Turko-Persian[14] Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks. The Seljuk Empire controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to western Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf. From their homelands near the Aral Sea, the Seljuks advanced first into Khorasan and then into mainland Persia before eventually conquering eastern Anatolia. (1037-1194) | 21 | |
| 7994276956 | song dynasty | 7th chinese dynasty - founded by emperor taizu of song; came into conflict with the contemporary liao and western xia dynasties in the north - the imperial dynasty of china from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy | 22 | |
| 7994276957 | sufism | Sufism or Taṣawwuf (Arabic: الْتَّصَوُّف [sect]; personal noun: صُوفِيّ - ṣūfiyy/ ṣūfī, مُتَصَوّف - mutaṣawwūf), which is often defined as "Islamic mysticism", "the inward dimension of Islam", or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", is a mystical trend in Islam "characterized ... [by particular] values, ritual practices, doctrines and institutions" which began very early in Islamic history and represented "the main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization of" mystical practice in Islam. Although the overwhelming majority of Sufis, both pre-modern and modern, were and are adherents of Sunni Islam, there also developed certain strands of Sufi practice within the ambit of Shia Islam during the late medieval period. | 23 | |
| 7994276958 | Tale of Genji | The Tale of Genji (源氏物語 Genji monogatari) is a classic work of Japanese literature written by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu in the early years of the 11th century in "concertina" or "orihon" style made of several sheets of paper pasted together and folded alternately in one direction then the other (Lyons, 2011[1]), around the peak of the Heian period. It is sometimes called the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be considered a classic. Notably, the work also illustrates a unique depiction of the lifestyles of high courtiers during the Heian period.[2] While regarded as a masterpiece, its precise classification and influence in both the Western and Eastern canons has been a matter of debate. | 24 |
Flashcards
AP Language Definitions Flashcards
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| 10877900280 | allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. In some allegories, for example, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom. The allegorical meaning usually deals with moral truth or a generalization about human existence. | 0 | |
| 10877900281 | allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. There are many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion. | 1 | |
| 10877900282 | ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. | 2 | |
| 10877900283 | analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. Analogies can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging. | 3 | |
| 10877900284 | anecdote | a short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous effect or to make a point. | 4 | |
| 10877900285 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP language exam occasionally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences. A question from the 2001 AP test as an example follows: "But it is the grandeur of all truth which can occupy a very high place in human interests that it is never absolutely novel to the meanest of minds; it exists eternally, by way of germ of latent principle, in the lowest as in the highest, needing to be developed but never to be planted." The antecedent of "it" (bolded) is...? [answer: "all truth"] antithesis - the opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite. | 5 | |
| 10877900286 | apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. William Wordsworth addresses John Milton as he writes, "Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour: / England hath need of thee." Another example is Keats' "Ode to a Grecian Urn," in which Keats addresses the urn itself: "Thou still unravished bride of quietness." Many apostrophes imply a personification of the object addressed. | 6 | |
| 10877900287 | caricature | a verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort, for comic effect, a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics. | 7 | |
| 10877900288 | clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate clause, cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause. The point that you want to consider is the question of what or why the author subordinates one element should also become aware of making effective use of subordination in your own writing. | 8 | |
| 10877900289 | colloquial/colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, colloquialisms give a work a conversational, familiar tone. Colloquial expressions in writing include local or regional dialects. | 9 | |
| 10877900290 | concrete language | Language that describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities. | 10 | |
| 10877900291 | denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. (Example: the denotation of a knife would be a utensil used to cut; the connotation of a knife might be fear, violence, anger, foreboding, etc.) | 11 | |
| 10877900292 | diction | Related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. For the AP exam, you should be able to describe an author's diction (for example, formal or informal, ornate or plain) and understand the ways in which diction can complement the author's purpose. Diction, combined with syntax, figurative language, literary devices, etc., creates an author's style. | 12 | |
| 10877900293 | didactic | From the Greek, didactic literally means "teaching." Didactic words have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles. | 13 | |
| 10877900294 | ethos | When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text. Reputation is sometimes a factor in ethical appeal, but in all cases the aim is to gain the audience's confidence. | 14 | |
| 10877900295 | euphemism | From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. The euphemism may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. Saying "earthly remains" rather than "corpse" is an example of euphemism. | 15 | |
| 10877900296 | extended metaphor | A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work. | 16 | |
| 10877900297 | figurative language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. | 17 | |
| 10877900298 | figure of speech | A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement. | 18 | |
| 10877900299 | generic conventions | This term describes traditions for each genre. These conventions help to define each genre; for example, they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing. On the AP language exam, try to distinguish the unique features of a writer's work from those dictated by convention. | 19 | |
| 10877900300 | genre | The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. However, genre is a flexible term; within these broad boundaries exist many subdivisions that are often called genres themselves. For example, prose can be divided into fiction (novels and short stories) or nonfiction (essays, biographies, autobiographies, etc.). Poetry can be divided into lyric, dramatic, narrative, epic, etc. Drama can be divided into tragedy, comedy, melodrama, farce, etc. On the AP language exam, expect the majority of the passages to be from the following genres: autobiography, biography, diaries, criticism, essays, and journalistic, political, scientific, and nature writing. There may be fiction or poetry. | 20 | |
| 10877900301 | hyperbole | A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The literal Greek meaning is "overshoot.") Hyperboles often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony. The opposite of hyperbole is understatement. | 21 | |
| 10877900302 | imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, imagery uses terms related to the five senses: visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, and olfactory. On a broader and deeper level, however, one image can represent more than one thing. For example, a rose may present visual imagery while also representing the color in a woman's cheeks and/or symbolizing some degree of perfection. An author may use complex imagery while simultaneously employing other figures of speech, especially metaphor and simile. In addition, this term can apply to the total of all the images in a work. On the AP language exam, pay attention to how an author creates imagery and to the effect of this imagery. | 22 | |
| 10877900303 | inference/infer | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. When a multiple choice question asks for an inference to be drawn from a passage, the most direct, most reasonable inference is the safest answer choice. If an inference is implausible, it's unlikely to be the correct answer. Note that if the answer choice is directly stated, it is not inferred and it is wrong. You must be careful to note the connotation - negative or positive - of the choices. | 23 | |
| 10877900304 | invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. (For example, in Henry IV, Part I, Prince Hal calls the large character of Falstaff "this sanguine coward, this bedpresser, this horseback breaker, this huge hill of flesh.") | 24 | |
| 10877900305 | irony/ironic | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. Irony is often used to create poignancy or humor. In general, there are three major types of irony used in language: verbal irony - when the words literally state the opposite of the writer's (or speaker's) meaning situational irony - when events turn out the opposite of what was expected; when what the characters and readers think ought to happen is not what does happen dramatic irony - when facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work. | 25 | |
| 10877900306 | jargon | the special language of a profession or group. The term jargon usually has pejorative Associations with the implication that jargon is evasive, tedious, and unintelligible to outsiders. The writings of the lawyer and the literary critic are both susceptible to jargon. | 26 | |
| 10877900307 | litotes | a form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite. Litote is the opposite of hyperbole. Examples: "Not a bad idea," "Not many," "It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain" (Salinger, Catcher in the Rye). | 27 | |
| 10877900308 | logos | When a writer tries to persuade the audience based on statistics, facts, and reasons. The process of reasoning | 28 | |
| 10877900309 | loose sentence/non-periodic sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. A work containing many loose sentences often seems informal, relaxed, or conversational. Generally, loose sentences create loose style. The opposite of a loose sentence is the periodic sentence. Example: I arrived at the San Diego airport after a long, bumpy ride and multiple delays. Could stop at: I arrived at the San Diego airport. | 29 | |
| 10877900310 | metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. Metaphorical language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful. | 30 | |
| 10877900311 | metonymy | A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example, a news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared" is using metonymy; Shakespeare uses it to signify the male and female sexes in As You Like It: "doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous to petticoat." The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional impact. | 31 | |
| 10877900312 | mood | The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect the mood. Mood is similar to tone and atmosphere. | 32 | |
| 10877900313 | narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 33 | |
| 10877900314 | oxymoron | From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," an oxymoron is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness." This term does not usually appear in the multiple-choice questions, but there is a chance that you might find it in an essay. Take note of the effect that the author achieves with the use of oxymoron. | 34 | |
| 10877900315 | paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. (Think of the beginning of Dickens' Tale of Two Cities: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times....") | 35 | |
| 10877900316 | parallelism | Also referred to as parallel construction or parallel structure, It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. The effects of parallelism are numerous, but frequently they act as an organizing force to attract the reader's attention, add emphasis and organization, or simply provide a musical rhythm. ex) He was TALKING ON THE PHONE and DOING HIS HOMEWORK at the same time. ex) I am reading about DOGS,CATS,and BIRDS. | 36 | |
| 10877900317 | pathos | When a writer tries to persuade the audience by appealing to their emotions. The aspects of a literary work that elicit sorrow or pity from the audience. An appeal to emotion that can be used as a means to persuade. Over-emotionalism can be the result of an excess of pathos. | 37 | |
| 10877900318 | anaphora | A sub-type of parallelism, when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences.The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. MLK used anaphora in his famous "I Have a Dream" speech (1963). | 38 | |
| 10877900319 | parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. It exploits peculiarities of an author's expression (propensity to use too many parentheses, certain favorite words, etc.) Well-written parody offers enlightenment about the original, but poorly written parody offers only ineffectual imitation. Usually an audience must grasp literary allusion and understand the work being parodied in order to fully appreciate the nuances of the newer work. Occasionally, however, parodies take on a life of their own and don't require knowledge of the original. | 39 | |
| 10877900320 | pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish (language that might be described as "show-offy"; using big words for the sake of using big words). | 40 | |
| 10877900321 | periodic sentence | The opposite of loose sentence, a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect of a periodic sentence is to add emphasis and structural variety. It is also a much stronger sentence than the loose sentence. (Example: After a long, bumpy flight and multiple delays, I arrived at the San Diego airport.) | 41 | |
| 10877900322 | personification | A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. Personification is used to make these abstractions, animals, or objects appear more vivid to the reader. | 42 | |
| 10877900323 | point of view | In literature, the perspective from which a story is told. There are two general divisions of point of view, and many subdivisions within those. (1) first person narrator tells the story with the first person pronoun, "I," and is a character in the story. This narrator can be the protagonist, a secondary character, or an observing character. (2) third person narrator relates the events with the third person pronouns, "he," "she," and "it." There are two main subdivisions to be aware of: a. third person omniscient, in which the narrator, with godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters b. third person limited omniscient, in which the narrator presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all the remaining characters. | 43 | |
| 10877900324 | prose | one of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms. In prose the printer determines the length of the line; in poetry, the poet determines the length of the line. | 44 | |
| 10877900325 | repetition | The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. | 45 | |
| 10877900326 | rhetoric | From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. | 46 | |
| 10877900327 | rhetorical modes | This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. The four most common rhetorical modes (often referred to as "modes of discourse") are as follows: (1) The purpose of exposition (or expository writing) is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. The AP language exam essay questions are frequently expository topics. (2) The purpose of argumentation is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation having an additional aim of urging some form of action. (3) The purpose of description is to recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses in description; good descriptive writing can be sensuous and picturesque. Descriptive writing may be straightforward and objective or highly emotional an subjective. (4) The purpose of narration is to tell a story or narrate an event or series of events. This writing mode frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing. | 47 | |
| 10877900328 | sarcasm | From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," sarcasm involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device, but not all ironic statements are sarcastic (that is, intended to ridicule). When well done, sarcasm can be witty and insightful; when poorly done, it is simply cruel. | 48 | |
| 10877900329 | satire | A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. Regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform human behavior, satire is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose for writing. It can be recognized by the many devices used effectively by the satirist: irony, wit, parody, caricature, hyperbole, understatement, and sarcasm. The effects of satire are varied, depending on the writer's goal, but good satire, often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition. | 49 | |
| 10877900330 | semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another. | 50 | |
| 10877900331 | speaker | the voice of a work; an author may speak as himself or herself or as a fictitious persona | 51 | |
| 10877900332 | style | The consideration of style has two purposes: (1) An evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. Some authors' styles are so idiosyncratic that we can quickly recognize works by the same author. We can analyze and describe an author's personal style and make judgments on how appropriate it is to the author's purpose. Styles can be called flowery, explicit, succinct, rambling, bombastic, commonplace, incisive, laconic, etc. (2) Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors. By means of such classification and comparison, we can see how an author's style reflects and helps to define a historical period, such as the Renaissance or the Victorian period, or a literary movement, such as the romantic, transcendental, or realist movement. | 52 | |
| 10877900333 | subject complement | The word (with any accompanying phrases) or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it (the predicate nominative) or (2) describing it (the predicate adjective). These are defined below: (1) the predicate nominative - a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject. It, like the predicate adjective, follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence. Example: Julia Roberts is a movie star. movie star = predicate nominative, as it renames the subject, Julia Roberts (2) the predicate adjective -- an adjective, a group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. It is in the predicate of the sentence, and modifies, or describes, the subject. Example: Warren remained optimistic. optimistic = predicate adjective, as it modifies the subject, Warren | 53 | |
| 10877900334 | subordinate clause | Like all clauses, this word group contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but unlike the independent clause, the subordinate clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought. Also called a dependent clause, the subordinate clause depends on a main clause (or independent clause) to complete its meaning. Easily recognized key words and phrases usually begin these clauses. For example: although, because, unless, if, even though, since, as soon as, while, who, when, where, how and that. Example: Yellowstone is a national park in the West that is known for its geysers. underlined phrase = subordinate clause | 54 | |
| 10877900335 | syllogism | From the Greek for "reckoning together," a syllogism (or syllogistic reasoning or syllogistic logic) is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one called "major" and the second called "minor") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. A frequently cited example proceeds as follows: major premise: All men are mortal. minor premise: Socrates is a man. conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is a mortal. A syllogism's conclusion is valid only if each of the two premises is valid. Syllogisms may also present the specific idea first ("Socrates") and the general second ("all men"). | 55 | |
| 10877900336 | symbol/symbolism | Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else. Usually a symbol is something concrete -- such as an object, action, character, or scene - that represents something more abstract. However, symbols and symbolism can be much more complex. One system classifies symbols into three categories: (1) natural symbols are objects and occurrences from nature to symbolize ideas commonly associated with them (dawn symbolizing hope or a new beginning, a rose symbolizing love, a tree symbolizing knowledge). (2) conventional symbols are those that have been invested with meaning by a group (religious symbols such as a cross or Star of David; national symbols, such as a flag or an eagle; or group symbols, such as a skull and crossbones for pirates or the scale of justice for lawyers). (3) literary symbols are sometimes also conventional in the sense that they are found in a variety of works and are more generally recognized. However, a work's symbols may be more complicated, as is the jungle in Heart of Darkness. On the AP exam, try to determine what abstraction an object is a symbol for and to what extent it is successful in representing that abstraction. | 56 | |
| 10877900337 | synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole is used to represent a part. Examples: To refer to a boat as a "sail"; to refer to a car as "wheels"; to refer to the violins, violas, etc. in an orchestra as "the strings." **Different than metonymy, in which one thing is represented by another thing that is commonly physically associated with it (but is not necessarily a part of it), i.e., referring to a monarch as "the crown" or the President as "The White House." | 57 | |
| 10877900338 | synesthesia | when one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another. Ex: The sight of red ants makes you itchy. In literature, synesthesia refers to the practice of associating two or more different senses in the same image. Red Hot Chili Peppers' song title,"Taste the Pain," is an example. | 58 | |
| 10877900339 | syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Syntax is similar to diction, but you can differentiate them by thinking of syntax as groups of words, while diction refers to the individual words. In the multiple- choice section of the AP exam, expect to be asked some questions about how an author manipulates syntax. In the essay section, you will need to analyze how syntax produces effects. | 59 | |
| 10877900340 | theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually theme is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, the theme may be directly state, especially in expository or argumentative writing. | 60 | |
| 10877900341 | thesis | In expository writing, the thesis statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. Expository writing is usually judged by analyzing how accurately, effectively, and thoroughly a writer has proven the thesis. | 61 | |
| 10877900342 | tone | Similar to mood, tone describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. Tone is easier to determine in spoken language than in written language. Considering how a work would sound if it were read aloud can help in identifying an author's tone. Some words describing tone are playful, serious, businesslike, sarcastic, humorous, formal, ornate, sardonic, somber, etc. | 62 | |
| 10877900343 | transition | A word or phrase that links different ideas. Used especially, although not exclusively, in expository and argumentative writing, transitions effectively signal a shift from one idea to another. A few commonly used transitional words or phrases are furthermore, consequently, nevertheless, for example, in addition, likewise, similarly, on the contrary, etc. More sophisticated writers use more subtle means of transition. | 63 | |
| 10877900344 | understatement | the ironic minimalizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is. The effect can frequently be humorous and emphatic. Understatement is the opposite of hyperbole. Example: Jonathan Swift's A Tale of a Tub: "Last week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her person for the worse." | 64 | |
| 10877900345 | wit | in modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. A witty statement is humorous, while suggesting the speaker's verbal power in creating ingenious and perceptive remarks. Wit usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement. Historically, wit originally meant basic understanding. Its meaning evolved to include speed of understanding, and finally, it grew to mean quick perception including creative fancy and a quick tongue to articulate an answer that demanded the same quick perception | 65 | |
| 10895533942 | periphrasis | the use of excessive language and surplus words to convey a meaning that could otherwise be conveyed with fewer words and in more direct a manner. The use of this literary device can be to embellish a sentence, to create a grander effect, to beat around the bush and to draw attention away from the crux of the message being conveyed. | 66 | |
| 10895739123 | paralipsis | The technique of drawing attention to something by claiming not to mention it. when a writer or speaker emphasizes something, while claiming to not say anything (or to say very little). The writer or speaker will profess not to care about something or say they will not dwell on something, but because they bring it up, they do emphasize it. "It's not that I care whether you bring a dog to live with us, but I am allergic." | 67 | |
| 10896853979 | simile | A comparison using "like" or "as" | 68 | |
| 10896898918 | alliteration | the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. | 69 | |
| 10896921050 | assonance | Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity | 70 | |
| 10965925704 | polysyndeton | using conjunctions (and ,but ,nor ,or ,yet ,so) or connecting words frequently in a sentence, placed very close to one another. ex: "Here and there and everywhere." | 71 | |
| 10966081530 | Zeugma | the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words when it is appropriate to only one of them or is appropriate to each but in a different way. -inspires the audience to think more deeply but can also confuses them ex: On his fishing trip, he caught three trout and a cold. | 72 | |
| 10966196501 | tricolon | A series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses. -equal length, increasing power ex) "You're talking to a man who laughed in the face of death, sneered at doom, and chuckled at catastrophe." ex) "We have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world." ex) "Be smart, be brief, be seated." | 73 | |
| 10968327100 | apposition | Apposition is the placement side-by-side of two coordinate elements (usually noun phrases), the second of which serves to identify or rename the first. ex) Jenny, friend to all ex) My dog,Toto | 74 | |
| 10980252740 | asyndeton | the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence. -Asyndeton can be an effective tool when writing to create a more concise, dramatic effect. It can be used to quicken the pace or emphasize a point. ex) For example, Julius Caesar leaving out the word "and" between the sentences "I came. I saw. I conquered." ex) An empty stream, a great silence, an impenetrable forest. The air was thick, warm, heavy, sluggish. | 75 | |
| 10980309572 | syllepsis | use of a word understood differently in relation to two or more other words, which it modifies or governs same thing as zeugma | 76 | |
| 10980364536 | anadiplosis | a form of repetition in which the last word (or one near the end) of one clause or sentence is repeated as the first word of the following clause or sentence. ex) "... you must make every effort to support your faith with goodness, and goodness with knowledge, and knowledge with self-control, and self-control with endurance, and endurance with godliness, and godliness with mutual affection, and mutual affection with love." Repetition Confers Emphasis. | 77 | |
| 10980479156 | antanaclasis | repetition of a word in two different senses. ex) If you aren't fired with enthusiasm, you will be fired, with enthusiasm. ex) In America, you can always find a party. In Soviet Russia, Party always find you! | 78 | |
| 10980694379 | antithesis | (subtype of parallelism), 2 opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. ex) You are easy on the eyes, but hard on the heart ex) Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice. | 79 | |
| 10980726865 | chiasmus | A statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed ex) Do what you love. Love what you do. - It gives structure and poetic form. | 80 | |
| 10980799347 | ellipsis | three periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation | 81 | |
| 10983087582 | epistrophe | (epiphora), indicates the same word return of the end of each sentence ex) Where now? When now? Who know? -puts emphasis on a thought/idea -makes the words more memorable | 82 | |
| 10983149447 | epanalepsis | repeats the beginning word of a clause or sentence at the end ex) The king is dead, long live the king! | 83 | |
| 11005003165 | inverted syntax | reversing the normal word order of a sentence. ex) In the woods I am walking. ex) Wept the bird, in the golden cage, Asked, the queen, 'Thou have what pain? | 84 | |
| 11005042039 | rhetorical question | A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer ex) Who knows? ex) Are you stupid? | 85 | |
| 11005057980 | polyptoton | repetition of words derived from the same root. It can emphasize the complexity, simplicity, irony, or paradox of a definition of a root in various forms and situations. Love is an irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired. | 86 |
AMSCO AP World History Chapter 17 Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5666092019 | Sunni Ali | He reigned from about 1464 to 1492. He was the first king of the Songhai Empire, located in Africa and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty. | 0 | |
| 5666093232 | Barracoons | An enclosure in which black slaves were confined for a limited period. | 1 | |
| 5666093233 | Vasco de Gama | Portuguese explorer. He led the first European expedition around the Cape of Good Hope in 1497, sighting and naming Natal on Christmas Day before crossing the Indian Ocean and arriving in Calicut (Kozhikode, in India) in 1498. | 2 | |
| 5666095042 | Triangular Trade | A multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another. | 3 | |
| 5666096424 | Middle Passage | The sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies. | 4 | |
| 5666096425 | African Diaspora | Refers to the communities throughout the world that have resulted by descent from the movement in historic times of peoples from Africa, predominantly to the Americas and among other areas around the globe. | 5 | |
| 5666099707 | Abolition | The action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution. | 6 | |
| 5666099708 | Dahomey | Was an African kingdom (located in the area of the present-day country of Benin) that existed from about 1600 until 1894, when the last king, Behanzin, was defeated by the French, and the country was annexed into the French colonial empire. | 7 | |
| 5666104764 | Saint Domingue | Was a French colony on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola from 1659 to 1804. The French had established themselves on the western portion of the islands of Hispaniola and Tortuga by 1659. | 8 |
AP Literature Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10293473029 | allegory | story or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning |  | 0 |
| 10293473030 | alliteration | beginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words |  | 1 |
| 10293473031 | allusion | indirect of passing reference |  | 2 |
| 10293473032 | anaphora | repetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning |  | 3 |
| 10293473033 | antagonist | a hostile person who is opposed to another character |  | 4 |
| 10293473034 | apostrophe | figure of speech used to adresss an imaginary character |  | 5 |
| 10293473035 | approximate rhyme | words in rhyming pattern that sound alike |  | 6 |
| 10293473036 | aside | when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage |  | 7 |
| 10293473037 | assonance | repetition of vowel sounds |  | 8 |
| 10293473038 | blank verse | poetry written in meter without an ending rhyme |  | 9 |
| 10293473039 | cacophony | blend of unharmonious sounds |  | 10 |
| 10293473040 | caesura | pause in the middle of a line |  | 11 |
| 10293473041 | catharsis | the release of emotions through art (emotional cleanse) |  | 12 |
| 10293473042 | flat character | story character who have no depth, usually has one personality or characteristic |  | 13 |
| 10293473043 | round character | character who has complex personality: contradicted person |  | 14 |
| 10293473044 | dynamic character | changes throughout the story, through major conflict |  | 15 |
| 10293473045 | static character | person who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality |  | 16 |
| 10293473046 | characterization | process of revealing characters personality |  | 17 |
| 10293473047 | climax | point where conflict hits its highest point |  | 18 |
| 10293473048 | comedy | drama that is amusing or funny |  | 19 |
| 10293473049 | conflict | struggle between opposing forces |  | 20 |
| 10293473050 | connotation | secondary meaning to a word |  | 21 |
| 10293473051 | consonance | repetition of same consonant in words close together |  | 22 |
| 10293473052 | couplet | two rhyming lines in a verse |  | 23 |
| 10293473053 | denotation | the literal meaning of a word |  | 24 |
| 10293473054 | denouement | final outcome of the story |  | 25 |
| 10293473055 | deus ex machina | resolution of a plot by chance or coincidence |  | 26 |
| 10293473056 | didactic writing | writing with a primary purpose to teach or preach |  | 27 |
| 10293473057 | direct presentation of character | author telling the reader how a character is and what actions it will do further in the story |  | 28 |
| 10293473058 | double rhyme | rhyme where the repeated vowel is in the second last syllable of words involved (ex; born scorn) | 29 | |
| 10293473059 | dramatic exposition | prose commentaries, to provide background information about the characters and their world |  | 30 |
| 10293473060 | end rhyme | rhymes occurring at the end of line |  | 31 |
| 10293473061 | end stopped line | line ending in regular punctuation |  | 32 |
| 10293473062 | English sonnet | a sonnet rhyming ababcdcdededgg |  | 33 |
| 10293473063 | epiphany | when a character receives a spiritual insight into they life |  | 34 |
| 10293473064 | euphony | smooth choice and arrangement of sounds |  | 35 |
| 10293473065 | extended figure | A figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem. |  | 36 |
| 10293473066 | falling action | Events after the climax, leading to the resolution |  | 37 |
| 10293473067 | feminine rhyme | lines rhymed by their final two syllables |  | 38 |
| 10293473068 | figurative language | Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling. |  | 39 |
| 10293473069 | figure of speech | a way of saying something other than the ordinary way |  | 40 |
| 10293473070 | foot | basic unit in the scansion or measurement of verse , stressed and un stressed syllables |  | 41 |
| 10293473071 | form | external pattern or shape of a poem |  | 42 |
| 10293473072 | free verse | Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme |  | 43 |
| 10293473073 | hamartia | tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall |  | 44 |
| 10293473074 | imagery | Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) |  | 45 |
| 10293473075 | indirect presentation of character | the personality of a character is revealed by what he or she does or says |  | 46 |
| 10293473076 | internal rhyme | A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line |  | 47 |
| 10293473077 | irony | A contrast between expectation and reality |  | 48 |
| 10293473078 | verbal irony | A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant |  | 49 |
| 10293473079 | dramatic irony | Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. |  | 50 |
| 10293473080 | irony of situation | refers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended |  | 51 |
| 10293473081 | italian sonnet | A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd |  | 52 |
| 10293473082 | masculine rhyme | A rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable |  | 53 |
| 10293473083 | melodrama | a play based upon a dramatic plot and developed sensationally |  | 54 |
| 10293473084 | metaphor | A comparison without using like or as |  | 55 |
| 10293473085 | meter | A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry |  | 56 |
| 10293473086 | metonymy | A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it |  | 57 |
| 10293473087 | motivation | A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |  | 58 |
| 10293473088 | narrator | Person telling the story |  | 59 |
| 10293473089 | octave | 8 line stanza |  | 60 |
| 10293473090 | onomatopoeia | A word that imitates the sound it represents. |  | 61 |
| 10293473091 | hyperbole | A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor |  | 62 |
| 10293473092 | oxymoron | A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase. |  | 63 |
| 10293473093 | paradox | A contradiction or dilemma |  | 64 |
| 10293473094 | paraphrase | A restatement of a text or passage in your own words. |  | 65 |
| 10293473095 | personification | A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes |  | 66 |
| 10293473096 | plot | Sequence of events in a story | | 67 |
| 10293473097 | point of view | The perspective from which a story is told |  | 68 |
| 10293473098 | omniscient point of view | The point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person. |  | 69 |
| 10293473099 | third person limited point of view | narrator tells the story from only one character's pov |  | 70 |
| 10293473100 | first person point of view | a character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself |  | 71 |
| 10293473101 | objective point of view | a narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events. |  | 72 |
| 10293473102 | protagonist | Main character |  | 73 |
| 10293473103 | quatrain | A four line stanza |  | 74 |
| 10293473104 | rhythm | A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions. |  | 75 |
| 10293473105 | rhyme scheme | A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem |  | 76 |
| 10293473106 | rising action | Events leading up to the climax |  | 77 |
| 10293473107 | sarcasm | the use of irony to mock or convey contempt |  | 78 |
| 10293473108 | satire | A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies. |  | 79 |
| 10293473109 | scansion | Analysis of verse into metrical patterns |  | 80 |
| 10293473110 | sestet | 6 line stanza |  | 81 |
| 10293473111 | setting | The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs. |  | 82 |
| 10293473112 | simile | A comparison using "like" or "as" |  | 83 |
| 10293473113 | soliloquy | A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage |  | 84 |
| 10293473114 | sonnet | 14 line poem |  | 85 |
| 10293473115 | stanza | A group of lines in a poem | | 86 |
| 10293473116 | stream of consciousness | private thoughts of a character without commentary |  | 87 |
| 10293473117 | syllabic verse | Verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line. |  | 88 |
| 10293473118 | symbol | A thing that represents or stands for something else |  | 89 |
| 10293473119 | synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa |  | 90 |
| 10293473120 | synesthesia | describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound") |  | 91 |
| 10293473121 | tercet | 3 line stanza | | 92 |
| 10293473122 | terza rima | a verse form with a rhyme scheme: aba bcb cdc, etc. |  | 93 |
| 10293473123 | theme | Central idea of a work of literature |  | 94 |
| 10293473124 | tone | Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character |  | 95 |
| 10293473125 | tragedy | A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character |  | 96 |
| 10293473126 | truncation | Utilizing a melody with part of the end omitted. |  | 97 |
| 10293473127 | understandment | the deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis |  | 98 |
| 10293473128 | verse | A single line of poetry writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme | | 99 |
| 10293473129 | vilanelle | a nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain. |  | 100 |
apes Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10547170201 | Anthropogenic | changes in environment caused by man, roads in forests, "anthropogenic pollutant" | 0 | |
| 10547181671 | biodiversity | the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem. | 1 | |
| 10547185190 | obsolescence | situation in which older products and processes become out-of-date, t6echnology wearing out | 2 | |
| 10547198692 | affluenza | An extreme form of materialism resulting from the excessive desire for material good, oblivious to world in which they live | 3 | |
| 10547204424 | environmental remediation | elimination of a pollutant in (air/ water/ soil) to reestablish quality living | 4 | |
| 10547208875 | environmental mitigation | address human impact on the environment, and start new activates that over time compensate disruption | 5 | |
| 10547217962 | environmental indicators | numerical measurement that measures the factors effecting the environment, ozone levels, amount of pure oxygen in a lake | 6 | |
| 10547224174 | synergistic interaction | Interaction of two or more factors or processes so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of their separate effects, pesticides and fertilizers, drugs and alcohol | 7 | |
| 10547228389 | perpetual resources | never ending resources, solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy, trees are renewable but not perpetual | 8 | |
| 10547342539 | living | biotic | 9 | |
| 10547346239 | nonliving | abiotic | 10 | |
| 10547347694 | sustainable development | Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. also allows economic well being | 11 | |
| 10547354930 | linear l;ife span | cradle to grAVE | 12 | |
| 10547357820 | closed loop life span | cradle to cradle, looks at products entire life, even the transport needed to move between stages. | 13 | |
| 10547364144 | enviornmentalism | social movement, often more political and ethical than scientific | 14 | |
| 10547372319 | natural capita | natural resources, and ecosystem services, supported by solar energy | 15 | |
| 10547376772 | renewable resources | can be replenished in a useful time frame, as long as they are not used faster than they are replaced | 16 | |
| 10547382268 | sustainable yield | Highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available suppl, given a certain amount of OG things, you cant dip below that original number in your supply | 17 | |
| 10547389390 | environmental degradation | Depletion or destruction of a potentially renewable resource such as soil, grassland, forest, or wildlife that is used faster than it is naturally replenished. If such use continues, the resource becomes nonrenewable (on a human time scale) or nonexistent (extinct). | 18 | |
| 10547390787 | nonrenewable resource | Something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans | 19 | |
| 10547404833 | economic depletion | when it becomes to hard to extract a resource and you are not making a profit, amethyst mine | 20 | |
| 10547411105 | natural services or ecosystem services | Processes of nature, such as purification of air and water and pest control, which support life and human economies. bees-pollination, trees- prevent soil erosion, shoreline protection | 21 | |
| 10547444510 | gross domestic product (GDP) | increase in nations exports/wealth, value of all products produced for that year, 4 types of economic activity, 1. consumer spending 2.investments 3. government spending 4.exports minus imports | 22 | |
| 10547462267 | per capita gdp | the GDP divided by the total population at midyear | 23 | |
| 10547465895 | genuine progress indicator (GPI) | includes personal consumption, income distribution, levels of higher education, resource depletion, pollution, and health | 24 | |
| 10547477987 | purchasing power parity (PPP) | Measurement tool of calculating exchange rates so that each currency buys an equal amount of goods as every other currency. | 25 | |
| 10547483722 | economically developed countries | 20% world population 75% of pollution 85% of wealth 88% of resources | 26 | |
| 10547493382 | economically developing countries | 80% population limited technology less industry lower standards of living per capita lower per capita GDP, PPP | 27 | |
| 10547505527 | private property | single individual owns the land | 28 | |
| 10547509266 | common property | group of individuals own the land | 29 | |
| 10547516012 | open access renewable resources | available to all for little or no charge | 30 | |
| 10547517827 | Tradegy of the Commons | when individuals, acting independently and rationally will deplete a shared resource, even when doing so is not in their best interest. | 31 |
Flashcards
ap Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10651020147 | Anatomy | study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts | 0 | |
| 10651026934 | Physiology | study of the function of the body and its parts | 1 | |
| 10651042909 | anterior | toward the front | 2 | |
| 10651047144 | Posterior | toward the back | 3 | |
| 10651050447 | dorsal | back | 4 | |
| 10651050448 | ventral | front | 5 | |
| 10651052488 | Superior | above, closer to the head | 6 | |
| 10651057689 | inferior | below, closer to the feet | 7 | |
| 10651082623 | medial | Toward the midline | 8 | |
| 10651087207 | lateral | toward the side with respect to the midline | 9 | |
| 10651093447 | Proximal | toward the trunk | 10 | |
| 10651095528 | Distal | away from the trunk | 11 | |
| 10651097668 | sagittal plane | median cut down the midline | 12 | |
| 10651104742 | Transverse | horizontal cut | 13 | |
| 10651109424 | Coronal | divides body into anterior and posterior | 14 | |
| 10651116979 | Receptor | sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment by sending a signal | 15 | |
| 10651128706 | control center | determines level needed and appropriate action to take | 16 | |
| 10651139852 | Effector | provides the means for the control center's response to the stimulus | 17 | |
| 10651146092 | positive feedback loop | increase stimuli control infrequent events that occur explosively | 18 | |
| 10651156764 | negative feedback loop | decreases stimuli | 19 | |
| 10651166154 | Homeostasis | stable internal environment important c | 20 |
Pages
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