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La Famille AP French 2018 Flashcards

9615343591	aîné	older	0
9615343592	cadet	younger	1
9615343593	l'enfant adopté	adopted child	2
9615343594	le fils adoptif	adopted son	3
9615343595	la fille adoptive	adopted daughter	4
9615343596	l'enfant unique	only child	5
9615343597	le fils unique	only boy	6
9615343598	la fille unique	only girl	7
9615343599	la famille éclatée	the broken family	8
9615343600	la famille monoparentale	single-parent family	9
9615343601	la famille nombreuse	large family	10
9615343602	la famille recomposée	blended family	11
9615343603	la famille nucléaire	immediate (nuclear) family	12
9615343604	la femme au foyer	housewife	13
9615343605	l'homme au foyer	house husband	14
9615343606	les liens familiaux	family ties	15
9615343607	fonder un foyer	to start a family	16
9615343609	la cellule familiale	family unit	17
9615343610	la cohabitation	living together	18
9615343611	cohabiter	to live together	19
9615343612	la vie en couple	life as a couple	20
9615343613	le conflit conjugal	Marital strife	21
9615343614	épouser	to marry	22
9615343615	l'esprit de famille	family spirit	23
9615343618	majeur	of age (18+)	24
9615343619	mineur	minor (under 18)	25
9615343620	les moeurs	customs, habits	26
9615343621	l'union libre	common-law union	27
9615343622	la structure familiale	familial structure	28
9615343623	la vie affective	emotional life	29
9615343624	le contrat de mariage	pre-nuptial, marriage contract	30
9615343625	s'unir	to unite, to join	31
9615343626	veuf/veuve	widow/ widower	32
9615343627	vivre ensemble	to live together	33
9615343630	s'entendre bien avec	to get along well with	34
9615343631	s'entendre mal avec	to get along poorly with	35
9615343632	dialoguer avec	to communicate with	36
9615343633	une dispute	an argument	37
9615343634	un environnement stable	stable environment	38
9615343635	une échelle des valeurs	value system	39
9615343636	élever	to raise, to bring up	40
9615343637	étouffant	sweltering, stuffy	41
9615343638	l'excès d'autorité	excessive authority	42
9615343639	la fermeté	the firmness, confidence, resolve	43
9615343640	les frictions parents-enfants	parent-child conflicts	44
9615343641	l'hostilité	hostility	45
9615343642	l'incompréhension	incomprehension	46
9615343643	indulgent	lenient	47
9615343644	mépriser	to despise	48
9615343646	les jeunes désœuvrés	young people with nothing to do, unemployed	49
9615343647	la transmission des valeurs traditionnelles	the passing on of traditional values	50
9615343648	accorder l'autonomie à	grant autonomy to	51
9615343651	protecteur, protectrice à l'excès	over-protective	52
9615343652	les rapports	relationships	53
9615343653	rebelle	rebellious	54
9615343654	se rebeller contre	to rebel against	55
9615343655	rechigner	to do something grudgingly, to bulk	56
9615343656	le reproche	reproach	57
9615343657	respecter	to respect	58
9615343658	se révolter	to revolt	59
9615343659	un sentiment	sentiment	60
9615343660	crier	to shout, to cry out	61
9615343661	se disputer	to argue	62
9615343662	se fâcher contre	to get angry with someone	63
9615343664	en vouloir à	to hold a grudge against	64
9615343665	gronder	to scold	65
9615343667	s'inquièter de	to worry about	66
9615343668	se faire du souci pour	To be concerned about	67
9615343669	se calmer	to calm down	68
9615343670	embrasser	to kiss	69
9615343671	faire confiance à	to trust, rely on	70
9615343672	s'habituer à	to get used to	71
9615343673	se marier avec, à	to get married to (in answer: ___ with, to)	72
9615343674	divorcer	to divorce	73
9615343675	se solder par un divorce	to settle for a divorce	74
9615343676	verser une pension alimentaire	to pay alimony	75
9615343677	se sentir à l'aise, se sentir mal à l'aise	to feel at ease, to not feel at ease	76
9615343678	soutenir	to support	77
9615343679	supporter	to put up with	78
9615343680	autoritaire	bossy, authoritarian	79
9615343681	juste	fair, just	80
9615343682	impartial(e)	impartial	81
9615343683	être de bonne humeur, mauvaise humeur	to be in a good mood, bad mood	82
9615343684	être facile/dificile à vivre	to be easy/hard to get along with	83
9615343687	l'intimité	1. privacy 2. intimacy	84
9615343688	le colocataire	housemate, roommate	85
9615343689	déménager	to move (out)	86
9615343690	emménager	to move in	87
9615343691	s'installer	to establish/place oneself	88
9615343697	les frais	expenses	89
9615343698	s'occuper de	to take care of, look after	90
9615343712	la caste	the caste (social class)	91
9615343713	vielli	aged	92
9615343714	la famille d'accueil	host or foster family	93
9615343715	un(e) orphelin(e)	an orphan	94
9615343716	un orphelinat	orphanage	95
9615343717	une pupille de la nation	ward of the state	96
9615343718	un citoyen	a citizen	97
9615343725	la classe moyenne	middle class	98
9615343726	la haute société	upper class	99
9615343727	aisé	comfortable, well-off	100
9615343730	le jumeau	twin (male)	101
9615343731	la jumelle	twin (female)	102
9615343732	un membre de la famille	family member	103
9615343733	l'enfance	childhood	104
9615343734	la jeunesse	youth	105
9615343736	la vieillesse	old age (vieux...)	106
9615343737	attendre la majorité	to follow the majority	107
9615343740	les grandes personnes	grown-ups	108
9615371141	se sentir mal à l'aise	to not feel at ease	109

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AP Euro unit 7 Flashcards

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6099264119	Sardinia-Piedmont	Created post napoleon by congress of vienna as a buffer	0
6099289294	Victor Emmanuel II	King of Sardinia-Piedmont (wants to be king of unified Italy)	1
6099320170	Count Cavour	Minister for Victor Emmanuel II moderate liberal wants conservative monarchy under Victor Emmanuel II	2
6099351255	Garibaldi	More radical wants a democratic republic (marches north from Scilie)	3
6099375580	Red shirts	Garibaldi's army	4
6099470720	Zollverein	Economic unity among the German states (1834)	5
6099487007	William I	Prussian king keiser of Germany (1871)	6
6099551099	Otto von Bismarck	Chancellor of prussia/Germany (goals: increasse prussias strength & unify Germany)	7
6099623335	Realpolitik	Polotics of what is doable #machiavelli (one or two fixed goals, bend polociesto meet goals)	8
6099755088	Danish war	First war (1864) easy win Aus & Prus VS Den	9
6099789107	Schleswig	Prussia	10
6099809833	Holstein	Australia (reason for next war)	11
6099848267	Austro-prussian war	6 1/2 weeks prus wins- shows prus' strength	12
6099890407	Bundesrat	Upper legislative house	13
6099913988	Reichstag	Lower legislative house	14
6099929476	Franco-prussian war	1870-71 seige of paris (zoo) fighting over Spanish thrown napoleon III of Fr VS Wil I of Prus	15
6099996366	Emd dispatch	Taken from Fr #Salt	16
6100015615	Alsace-Lorraine		17
6100066767	Reasons for imperialism	Keep Bop gain power Political: Glory/power/prestige Just cause Economic: Wealth/resources (tropical-rubber) Trade/ports/military bases Social: Missions Racism/social darwinism (wh man's burden) Scientific curiosity	18
6100163834	Scramble for Africa	1880 euro grabs land	19
6108929258	Berlin confrence	1884-85 sets rules, cant take all & military defend it	20
6109023082	Colonial possessions	(Map)	21
6109025094	Boer war	Beat dutch	22
6109030430	Cecil rhodes	Wanted cape town to cairo	23
6109033904	France	Algeria/Mediterranean ports/sahara/ indo china(se asia)/ vietnam	24
6109053867	Belgium	leopald II personally owned Congo, ruled with cruelty (heart of darkness)	25
6109066890	Sepoy rebellion	1857 troop revolt (fat on cartridges) crushed by Br (direct control of India)	26
6109149278	Japan	On the rise Gun boat diplomacy: 1853 matthew perry forces j to open trade Meiji restoration: after⬆ Modernized military/economy/government modled germany Sino-japanese war: 1894-95 j beats ch Russo-Japanese war: 1904-05 j beats rus (manchuria)	27
6109187138	Korea	1910 j takes	28
6109188764	China	Opium war: 1839-42 br wants and forces opium trade Open door policy: ends euros spheres of influence (us john hay: all nations can trade) Boxer rebellion: Chinese nationalists VS 8 nation power military	29
6109200145	Jules verne	Journey to the center of the earth/2,000 leagus under the sea/around the world in 80 days	30
6109226420	Heart of darkness	Corrad: congo/evil	31
6109226421	Pan-german league	Want all germans in one nation	32
6109226422	Great migration	Millions leave euro - 1/2 to us (~1900= E& S to euro)	33
6109227568	Italian unification (initial)	1861	34
6109227976	Danish war	1864	35
6109228689	Austro-Prussian war	1866	36
6109229917	Franco-Prussian war	1870-71	37
6109230789	German unification	1871	38
6109231127	Berlin conference	1884-85	39

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AP poetry terms Flashcards

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5842566175	alliteration	the repetition of the same sounds, usually initial consonants	0
5842578920	assonance	repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in neighboring words	1
5842584553	ballad	a form of narrative poetry that presents a single, dramatic, tragic episode	2
5847176410	blank verse	poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter	3
5847181349	cacophony	harsh, clashing sounds	4
5847185150	cadence	the rising and falling rhythm of speech	5
5847202853	caesura	a pause in a line of verse	6
5847206335	connotation	the implied meaning of a word; the idea behind a word	7
5847208763	consonance	the repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds	8
5847214721	couplet	two consecutive lines of rhyming poetry	9
5847218321	dactyl	metrical foot of 3 syllables (one accented followed by two unaccented)	10
5847225800	dirge	a funeral song of lamentation	11
5847227418	dramatic monologue	A kind of poem in which a single fictional or historical character who is not the poet speaks to a silent audience and reveals the thoughts/mind of the character	12
5848003828	elegy	an elaborately formal lyric poem lamenting the death of a friend or public figure	13
5848013776	end-stopped line	when the end of a line of a verse coincides with the end of a sentence, clause, or independent unit of syntax	14
5848028830	enjambment	opposite of end-stopped line; when the thought or idea presented in one line of poetry spills over into the next without a punctuated pause	15
5848039565	epic	a long, grand narrative poem celebrating the deeds of a hero	16
5848047079	extended metaphor	a metaphor that is sustained for several lines or becomes the controlling image of an entire poem	17
5848054583	foot	the basic unit of rhythmic measurement in a line of poetry	18
5848063252	free verse	poetry that resembles natural speech due to the absence of rhyme and meter	19
5848068159	hexameter	a line containing six feet	20
5848070363	iamb	a metrical foot of 2 syllables (unaccented followed by accented, as in invade)	21
5848082020	image	when words or language in a poem refer to something that can be perceived through one or more of the 5 senses	22
5848089867	imagery	making pictures with words	23
5848091878	in medias res	"the middle of things;" beginning a narrative in the middle of the action in order to involve the reader	24
5848104398	lyric	a usually short, personal poem that expresses the poet's emotions or thoughts rather than telling a story	25
5848282807	meter	the pattern of sound-units in a line of verse	26
5848292510	octave	a stanza of 8 lines OR the first 8 lines in a sonnet	27
5848300839	ode	a lengthy, formal, serious, lyric poem addressed to a person or abstract entity	28
5848313000	pastoral	a poem dealing with shepherds and rural life	29
5848314895	pentameter	a line containing 5 feet	30
5848323515	persona	the assumed identity of fictional "I" assumed by a writer in a lyrical work	31
5848328837	prosody	the study of sound and rhythm in poetry	32
5848331418	quatrain	a four line stanza	33
5848333994	refrain	a line, group of lines, or part of a line repeated either regularly or irregularly in a poem	34
5848342503	end rhyme	when rhyme occurs at the end of lines of poetry	35
5848346496	internal rhyme	rhyme occurs within a line of poetry	36
5848350596	feminine rhyme	two syllable rhyme (ex. fantastic and sarcastic)	37
5848363565	forced rhyme	meaning in the poem suffers because of the stilted nature of the rhyme	38
5848375567	masculine rhyme	one syllable rhyme (ex. fine and vine)	39
5848377767	exact rhyme	identical rhyme between two words (ex. nearly and yearly)	40
5848383524	slant rhyme	inexact rhyme between two words (ex. nearly and Siri)	41
5848393438	eye rhyme	rhyme based on spelling rather than sound (ex. tough and though)	42
5848404442	rhythm	patterned flow of sound in poetry and prose created through sound devices	43
5848409728	scansion	analyzing the meter in lines of poetry by counting and marking the syllables	44
5848415912	sestet	a six line poem or stanza	45
5848425190	sonnet	a 14 line lyric poem written in iambic pentameter	46
5848430083	stanza	a section of a poem	47
5848431717	stress	the emphasis placed on a word or syllable (synonym for accented)	48
5848441532	trochee	a metrical foot consisting of 2 syllables, an accented syllable followed by an unaccented one (ex. fortune)	49
5848448677	villanelle	a lyric poem made up of 5 three line stanzas plus a final stanza of 4 lines	50
5848456062	volta	the Italian term for the turn in argument or mood of a sonnet occurring after the octave in the first line of the sestet	51

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AP World History Strayer Chapter 1 Flashcards

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10604938706	Venus Figurines	Paleolithic carvings of the female form, often with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips, and stomachs, which may have had religious significance	0
10604938707	Dreamtime	A complex worldview of Australia's Aboriginal peopel that held that current humans live in an echo of ancestral happenings	1
10604938708	Clovis Culture	The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of North America; named from the Clovis point, a particular kind of projectile point	2
10604938709	Megafaunal Extinction	The dying-out of a number of large animal species, including the mammoth and several species of horses and camels; occured around 11,000-10,000 years ago at the end of the Ice Age. The extinction may have been caused by excessive hunting or by the changing of climate of the era	3
10604938710	Austronesian Migrations	The last phase of the great human migration that established a human presence in every habitable region of the earth. Austronesian-speaking people settled the Pacific island and Madagascar in a series of seaborne migrations that began around 3,500 years ago	4
10604938711	shamans	In many early societies, a person believed to have the ability to act as a leasion between living humans and supernatural forces, often by means of trances induced by psychoactive drugs	5
10604938712	trance dance	In San culture, a nightlong ritual held to activate a human being's innter spiritual potency [n/um] to counteract the evil influences of gods and ancestors. The practice was apparently common to the Khoisan people, of whom the Jo/'hoansi are a surviving remnant	6
10604938713	Paleolithic settling down	The process by which some Paleolithic peoples moved toward permanent settlement in the wake of the last Ice Age. Settlement was marked by increasing storage of food and accumulation of goods, as well as growing inequalities in society	7
10604938714	Gobekli Tepe	oldest religious structure. made by hunter gathers. Indicates that religion came before organization of labor, settlement and agriculture	8
10604938715	Fertile Crescent	A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates	9
10604938716	Teosinte	a wild grass found in the highlands of Mexico, is the wild ancestor of maize	10
10604938717	Diffusion	Is the process by which a characterictic spreads	11
10604938718	Bantu Migrations	(1500BCE to 500CE) As the Bantu people migrated, they spread the Bantu family of languages and culture. The Bantu also spread the use of iron, which improved farming techniques and agricultural efficiency, the greater food supply sparked economic development and population growth. The changes instigated by the Bantu migration increased the vitality of sub-Saharan Africa.	12
10604938719	Ishi	The last the Yali people found in northern California in 1951. He is a good example of how the growth of agricultural societies led to the collapse of gathering and hunting communities.	13
10604938720	"secondary products revolution"	A term used to describe the series of technological changes that began c.a. 4000 B.C.E., as people began to develop new uses for their domesticated animals, exploiting a revolutionary new source of power. Examples: milk, transportation, wool, hunting help, glue, muscle power, eggs, blood, feathers, bones, ivory, manure/fertilizer, and hides/fur.	14
10604938721	Pastoral Societies	Based on the domestication of animals and use their products as main source of food. Groups move where there is foods but they are more settlers than nomads. Independent and warlike.	15
10604938722	Catalhuyuk	Good example of agricultural village society. Social structure, buried dead, many people, well built houses, specialization.	16
10604938723	Chiefdoms	A society that is led by a ruler of decent, but seldom used force to lead their people. They relied on generosity, charisma, and leadership to rule.	17
10604941999	Banpo	A Chinese archaeological site, where the remains of a significant Neolithic village have been found.	18
10604943872	stateless societies	Village-based agricultural societies, usually organized by kinship groups, that functioned without a formal government apparatus	19

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AP World History Strayer Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards

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7574845815	Qur'an	Definition: Islamic sacred book of Muhammad's life and message. Significance: The word of God that the Muslims believe and follow.	0
7574845816	Umma	Definition: The entire community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. Significance: Goal of creating a just and moral society where all believers are community (equality).	1
7574845817	Pillars of Islam	Definition: (1) Allah is the one true God. (2) 5 daily prayers. (3) Charitable. (4) Fast of Ramadan. (5) Hajj. Significance: Rules followed every day. The lifestyle to be good and responsible as a Muslim.	2
7574845818	Hijra	Definition: Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina. Significance: Other merchants didn't appreciate Muhammed, so he left to Medina (another holy place). He came back to Mecca to reconquer it later.	3
7574845819	Sharia	Definition: Islamic law based on teachings of the Qur'an. Significance: It's the foundation of Muslim Law and how Muslims live their lives (with the Ulama as the judge).	4
7574845820	Jizya	Definition: Poll tax paid by non-Muslims (minority groups) within Muslim empire. Significance: Allowed religious freedom through taxes. Christians and Jews were allowed within the empire because Muslims wanted more trading opportunities.	5
7574845821	Ulama	Definition: Doctors of Muslim religion and law. Significance: Religiously trained scholars and authorities to look to for Qur'an and Muslim faith.	6
7574845822	Umayyad Caliphate	Definition: 2nd of the 4 major caliphates (rule/reign of chief Muslim ruler). Significance: Construction of Mosques to symbolize imperial power. It was short lived because of the favor of Arabs.	7
7574845823	Abbasid Caliphate	Definition: 3rd of the 4 major caliphates. Significance: Founded the city of Baghdad, the capital of the "Golden Age" (enlightenment and prosperity).	8
7574845825	Al-Ghazali	Definition: Islamic thinker who was a scholar. He argued for rationale. Significance: He believed that rational philosophy alone could never enable believers to know about Allah. They must know in their heart. (Caused Sufism).	9
7574845826	Ibn Battuta	Definition: Visited West Africa and criticized the Muslim practices there. Significance: Detailed account of visits to Islamic lands, and documented travels. He provided insight.	10
7574845827	Timbuktu	Definition: Port city of Mal by the Niger River. Significance: Contained library and university. It was the center of Islamic religious and intellectual life.	11
7574845829	al-Andalus	Definition: Chief site of Islamic encounter with Christian Europe (conquered by Arab and Berber forces). Significance: Muslims, Christians, and Jews contributed to culture. A place of harmony and tolerance (75% converted to Islam).	12
7574845830	Madrassas	Definition: (11th century) Formal colleges, offered more advanced instructions in Qur'an and sayings of Muhammad. It was the informal teachings with text memorization. Significance: Another way Ulama passed on teachings of the faith, and important knowledge of the faith.	13
7574845831	House of Wisdom	Definition: Baghdad, the center for research and translation of scientific, medical, and philosophical texts. Significance: Islamic ideas circled the world, and Greek information was being translated into Arabic.	14
7574845832	Ibn Sina	Definition: Writer in almost all fields of science and philosophy. Significance: Set standards for medical practice in Islamic and Christian worlds. Accurately diagnosed many disease and found treatments, and revolutionary writings.	15
7574867557	Sikhism	founded by Guru Nanak; blended Islam with Hindi concepts	16
7574903917	Anatolia	home of the Seljuk Turks; now modern day Turkey;	17

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AP World History (8000 BCE - 600 CE) Flashcards

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8088490991	Vedas	"Wisdom," early collections of prayers and hymns that provide information about the Indo‐European Aryans who migrated to India around 1500 B.C.E.	0
8088490992	Theocracy	A government ruled by God or by church leaders	1
8088490993	Aristocracy	A class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially the hereditary nobility	2
8088490994	Artisan	A craftsman	3
8088490995	Civilization	A cultural group with advanced cities, complex institutions, skilled workers, advanced technology, and a system of recordkeeping	4
8088490996	Edict of Milan	A document that made Christianity one of the religions allowed in the Roman Empire	5
8088490997	Polis	A Greek city‐state	6
8088490998	Indo‐Europeans	A group of semi‐nomadic people who, around 2000 B.C.E. began to migrate from central Asia to India, Europe, and the Middle East	7
8088490999	Brahmin	A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society	8
8088491000	Quetzalcoatl	A Mesoamerica legend of a god who would someday return to rule his people in peace	9
8088491001	Huns	A nomadic group, believed to be from Central Asia, who invaded into Europe near the end of Rome	10
8088491002	Democracy	A political system in which the people rule	11
8088491003	Monsoon	A seasonal wind	12
8088491004	Dynasty	A series of rulers from the same family	13
8088491005	Hieroglyphics	A system of picture writing used in Egypt	14
8088491006	Cuneiform	A system of writing originating in Mesopotamia in which a wedge‐shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay	15
8088491007	Foraging	A term for hunting and gathering	16
8088491008	Covenant	Agreement; in the Judeo‐Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind	17
8088491009	Slash‐and‐burn cultivation	An agricultural method in which farmers clear fields by cutting and burning trees, then use the ashes as fertilizer	18
8088491010	Pharaoh	An Egyptian monarch	19
8088491011	Artifact	An object made by human hands	20
8088491012	Oracle bones	Animal bones or shells used by the Chinese priests to receive messages from the gods.	21
8088491013	Bodhisattvas	Buddhist holy men who accumulated spiritual merits during their lifetime; Buddhists prayed to them in order to receive some of their holiness	22
8088491014	Silk Roads	Caravan routes and sea lanes between China and the Middle East	23
8088491015	Analects	Collection of teachings and sayings made by Confucius	24
8088491016	Jati	Complicated system of subcastes in the Hindu caste system	25
8088491017	Steppe	Dry grassland	26
8088491018	Mystery religion	During the Hellenistic age, religions that promised their faithful followers eternity a state of bliss	27
8088491019	Yahweh	God of the monotheistic religion of Judaism that influcenced later religions of Christianity and Islam	28
8088491020	Aristotle	Greek philosopher who rejected the theory of forms and ideas, he believed that people could depend on their senses and reason to answer the mysteries of the world	29
8088491021	Yin and yang	In ancient Chinese belief, the opposing forces that bring balance to nature and life.	30
8088491022	Nirvana	In Buddhism, a state of perfect peace that is the goal of reincarnation	31
8088491023	Filial piety	In China, respect for one's parents and other elders.	32
8088491024	Moksha	In Hindu belief, the spirit's liberation from the cycle of reincarnation	33
8088491025	Karma	In the Hindu tradition, the good or evil deeds done by a person	34
8088491026	Latifundia	Large landholdings in the Roman Empire	35
8088491027	Alexander the Great	Macedonian king who led an army Eastward and conquered land from Greece to India. He was known as a brilliant military leader and his death marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Era	36
8088491028	Ziggurat	Mesopotamian Temples	37
8088491029	Disciple	One of the 12 followers of Christ, or any of the professed followers of Christ in his lifetime	38
8088491030	Zoroastrianism	Persian religion based on the teaching of the 6th century BCE prophet Zarathustra; its emphasis on the duality of good and evil and on the role of individuals in determining their own fate would influence later religions	39
8088491031	Patriarchal	Pertaining to a social system in which the father is the head of the family	40
8088491032	Reincarnation	Rebirth; a belief of both Buddhism and Hinduism	41
8088491033	Matrilineal	Referring to a social system in which descent and inheritance are traced through the mother	42
8088491034	Twelve tables	The codification of Roman law during the republic	43
8088491035	Mandate of heaven	The "will of the gods" that granted a ruler the right to rule	44
8088491036	Geocentric theory	The belief held by many before the Scientific Revolution that the earth is the center of the universe	45
8088491037	Polytheism	The belief in many gods	46
8088491038	Monotheism	The belief in one god	47
8088491039	Animism	The belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature	48
8088491040	Hsiung‐nu	The Central Nomadic people who invaded into China in the ancient world	49
8088491041	Sati	The custom among the higher castes of Hinduism of a widow throwing herself on the burning funeral pyre of her husband	50
8088491042	Specialization of labor	The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work	51
8088491043	Hellenistic age	The era in which Greek culture blended with Persian and other Eastern influences and spread throughout the former empire of Alexander the Great	52
8088491044	Diaspora	The exile of an ethnic or racial group from their homeland	53
8088491045	Torah	The first five books of the Jewish scripture.	54
8088491046	Pope	The head of the Roman Catholic Church	55
8088491047	Varna	The Hindu word for caste	56
8088491048	Independent invention	The idea that ancient civilizations were able to achieve characteristics of civilization without contact with others	57
8088491049	Neolithic revolution	The introduction of agriculture, domestication of animals, and a more sedentary life during the Neolithic Age	58
8088491050	Ten commandments	The moral law of the Hebrews	59
8088491051	Stoicism	The most popular Hellenistic philosophy; it involved strict discipline and an emphasis on helping others.	60
8088491052	Neolithic age	The New Stone Age that was marked by the discovery and mastery of agriculture	61
8088491053	Climate	The pattern of temperature and precipitation over a period of time	62
8088491054	New testament	The portion of the Christian Bible that contains the Gospels that relate the account of the life of Jesus; letters from the followers of Jesus to the early Christian churches and the Book of Revelation, a prophetic text	63
8088491055	Dharma	The position in the Hindu caste system that was determined by one's birth	64
8088491056	Pastoralism	The practice of herding	65
8088491057	Messiah	The religious term for "any expected deliverer"	66
8088491058	Pax Romana	The Roman Peace; the period of prosperity and stability throughout the Roman Empire in the first two centuries C.E.	67
8088491059	Untouchables	The social division in Hindu society that fell in rank below the caste system; it was occupied by those who carried out undesirable occupations such as undertaking, butchering, and waste collection	68
8088491060	Agricultural Revolution	he transition from foraging to the cultivation of food occurring about 8000 ‐ 2000 BC; also known as the Neolithic revolution	69
8088491061	Cultural diffusion	the transmission of ideas and products from one culture to another	70

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