| 6351661213 | Abolitionists | a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or slavery. | | 0 |
| 6351663270 | Balance of Power | a situation in which nations of the world have roughly equal power. | | 1 |
| 6351664348 | Otto von Bismarck | a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890. Was the man who did most to unite the German states |  | 2 |
| 6351669389 | Simon Bolivar | Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830) "The Liberator" |  | 3 |
| 6351671580 | Bourgeoisie | the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes. | | 4 |
| 6351675109 | Count Camillo di Cavour | an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification. |  | 5 |
| 6351677347 | Congress of Vienna | convened in 1815 by the four European powers which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and maintain the peace between the great powers. | | 6 |
| 6351689764 | Conservatives | holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion. | | 7 |
| 6351690081 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | passed by France's National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights. |  | 8 |
| 6351692058 | Federalist System | A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. | | 9 |
| 6351694124 | French and Indian War | A series of military engagements between Britain and France in North America between 1754 and 1763, where French troops engaged and allied against different tribes of Natives | | 10 |
| 6351697449 | Gens de Couleur | French term for "free people of color". The term was commonly used in France's West Indian colonies prior to the abolition of slavery. | | 11 |
| 6351702663 | Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla | known as the man who called upon Mexicans to revolt against their Spanish rulers. | | 12 |
| 6351704899 | Augustin de Interbide | Mexican revolutionary leader who established Mexican independence from Spain (1821) and served as emperor of Mexico from 1822 to 1823, when he was overthrown by a liberal counterrevolution. | | 13 |
| 6351709334 | Junta | a deliberative or administrative council in Spain or Portugal. | | 14 |
| 6351713508 | Louis XVI | King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General to undertake fiscal reforms, an event that eventually led to the French Revolution |  | 15 |
| 6351718915 | Liberals | open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values. | | 16 |
| 6351715915 | Napoleon Bonaparte | a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century |  | 17 |
| 6351721693 | Napoleonic Code | the French civil code established in 1804. |  | 18 |
| 6351723437 | Nation | a large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory. | | 19 |
| 6351726460 | Nationalism | patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts. | | 20 |
| 6351727196 | Radicals | a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform intensely; a member of a political party or part of a party pursuing such aims. | | 21 |
| 6351729101 | Reign of Terror | a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed during the period of the French Revolution. |  | 22 |
| 6351730890 | Jose de San Martin | South American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile |  | 23 |
| 6351732661 | Alexis de Tocqueville | a political scientist, historian, and politician, best known for Democracy in America, a perceptive analysis of the political and social system of the United States in the early 19th century. |  | 24 |
| 6351735561 | Touissant L'Ouverture | the best-known leader of the Haitian Revolution. |  | 25 |
| 6351738767 | The Declaration of Indepedence | the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain. | | 26 |
| 6351741174 | George Washington | The first president of the United States, and the commanding general of the victorious American army in the Revolutionary War. |  | 27 |
| 6351742326 | Battle of Waterloo | A battle in Belgium in 1815 in which the British and Prussians defeated the French under Napoleon Bonaparte. | | 28 |
| 6351743392 | Mary Wollstonecraft | an English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. During her brief career, she wrote novels, treatises, a travel narrative, a history of the French Revolution, a conduct book, and a children's book. |  | 29 |
| 6351746672 | Break-of-Bulk | the transfer of cargo from one carrier to another | | 30 |
| 6351748156 | The Communist Manifesto | an 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels introducing Marxism. | | 31 |
| 6351749775 | Corporation | a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law. | | 32 |
| 6351752150 | Cult of Domesticity | a term identifying a nineteenth-century ideology that women's nature suited them especially for tasks associated with the home. | | 33 |
| 6351754970 | Demographic Transition | the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. | | 34 |
| 6351755973 | Electric Telegraph | an apparatus for communication at a distance by coded signals invented by Samuel Morse | | 35 |
| 6351757174 | Enclosure Movement | wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land | | 36 |
| 6351757963 | Samuel Gompers | an English-born, American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor, and served as the organization's president from 1886 his death in 1924. |  | 37 |
| 6351760774 | Industrial Revolution | a period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s. ... This time period saw the mechanization of agriculture and textile manufacturing and a revolution in power, including steam ships and railroads, that effected social, cultural and economic conditions. |  | 38 |
| 6351763849 | Interchangeable Parts | parts that are, for practical purposes, identical. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type. | | 39 |
| 6351764741 | Laissez-faire | a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. | | 40 |
| 6351766033 | Karl Marx | a philosopher and economist famous for his ideas about capitalism and communism | | 41 |
| 6351766790 | Mass Production | the manufacture of large quantities of standardized products, frequently utilizing assembly line technology. | | 42 |
| 6351767985 | Monopoly | the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service. | | 43 |
| 6351770086 | Proletariat | workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism). |  | 44 |
| 6351771868 | Adam Smith | one of the world's most famous economists. Modern capitalism owes its roots to him and his Wealth of Nations, which many consider the single most important economic work in history. |  | 45 |
| 6351772876 | Socialism | a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. | | 46 |
| 6351773806 | Steam Engine | an engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power. |  | 47 |
| 6351776634 | Utopian Socialism | socialism achieved by the moral persuasion of capitalists to surrender the means of production peacefully to the people. | | 48 |
| 6351777193 | James Watt | a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1781 |  | 49 |
| 6351780594 | The Wealth of Nations | said that more wealth to common people would benefit a nation's economy and society as a whole. In the book, Smith described a self-regulating market. | | 50 |
| 6351782743 | Josiah Wedgwood | English pottery designer and manufacturer, outstanding in his scientific approach to pottery making | | 51 |
| 6351786670 | Eli Whitney | an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin |  | 52 |
| 6355313204 | "The Bully of the North" | nickname given to America for its aggression and intervention in the South and Central Americas | | 53 |
| 6355348753 | Caudillo | a military or political leader in Spanish-speaking regions | | 54 |
| 6355356151 | Charles Darwin | A British naturalist of the nineteenth century. He and others developed the theory of evolution. |  | 55 |
| 6355362085 | Porfirio Diaz | a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico | | 56 |
| 6355372135 | Dominion of Canada | the process by which the British colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were united into one | | 57 |
| 6355384671 | Sigmund Freud | an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. |  | 58 |
| 6355395096 | Isolationism | a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. | | 59 |
| 6355399233 | Andrew Jackson | A general and political leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. As a general in the War of 1812, he defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans. | | 60 |
| 6355451428 | Benito Juarez | an important Mexican liberal during the time of the U.S.-Mexican War, and emerged as one of the nation's most important figures in the Nineteenth Century. A Zapotec Indian from Oaxaca, Juárez was born into a peasant family in 1806. |  | 61 |
| 6355462828 | La Reforma | liberal political and social revolution in Mexico between 1854 and 1876 under the principal leadership of Benito Juárez. | | 62 |
| 6355468815 | Monroe Doctrine | a principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US. | | 63 |
| 6355473177 | Jose Antonio Paez | a Venezuelan leader who fought the Spanish Crown under Simón Bolívar during the Venezuelan Wars of Independence. He later led Venezuela's breakaway from Gran Colombia. | | 64 |
| 6355478881 | Parliamentary System | a system of government in which the executive is dependent on the direct or indirect support of the legislature | | 65 |
| 6355488110 | Presidential System | the executive leader, the President, is directly voted upon by the people or via a body elected specifically for the purpose of electing the president, and no other purpose | | 66 |
| 6355513673 | Personalist | a modern philosophical movement locating ultimate value and reality in persons, human or divine. | | 67 |
| 6355519943 | Regionalism | the theory or practice of regional rather than central systems of administration or economic, cultural, or political affiliation. | | 68 |
| 6355523471 | Romanticism | a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual. | | 69 |
| 6355542711 | Juan Manuel de Rosas | a politician and army officer who ruled Buenos Aires Province and briefly the Argentine Confederation. | | 70 |
| 6355545100 | Spanish American War | A war between Spain and the United States, fought in 1898. The war began as an intervention by the United States on behalf of Cuba. ... The United States acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines in the war and gained temporary control over Cuba. | | 71 |
| 6355607309 | Washington's Farewell Address | The final address by George Washington to his fellow citizens as he was leaving the presidency. He wrote the address in 1796 but never delivered it. | | 72 |
| 6355611933 | Anarchists | a person who believes in or tries to bring about anarchy. | | 73 |
| 6355615390 | Boxer Rebellion | a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there. |  | 74 |
| 6355617962 | Canton System | served as a means for China to control trade with the west within its own country by focusing all trade on the southern port of ______ (now Guangzhou). | | 75 |
| 6355621895 | Cult of the Emperor | a form of state religion in which an emperor, or a dynasty of emperors, are worshipped as demigods or deities. | | 76 |
| 6355630985 | Decembrist Revolt | took place in Imperial Russia on 26 December 1825. Russian army officers led about 3,000 soldiers in a protest against Nicholas I's assumption of the throne after his elder brother Constantine removed himself from the line of succession. | | 77 |
| 6355685999 | Diet | Japan's bicameral legislature. It is composed of a lower house called the House of Representatives, and an upper house, called the House of Councillors. | | 78 |
| 6355711302 | Duma | a legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former Soviet Union. |  | 79 |
| 6355747902 | Holy Alliance | a coalition created by the monarchist great powers of Russia, Austria and Prussia. | | 80 |
| 6355753398 | Hong Xiuquan | Chinese leader of the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom over varying portions of southern China, with himself as the "Heavenly King" |  | 81 |
| 6355761476 | Intelligentsia | intellectuals or highly educated people as a group, especially when regarded as possessing culture and political influence. | | 82 |
| 6355767704 | Macartney Mission | the first British diplomatic mission to China, which took place in 1793. | | 83 |
| 6355772169 | Meiji Restoration | event of change that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. | | 84 |
| 6355777011 | Most Favored-Nation Status | A country grants this clause to another nation if it is interested in increasing trade with that country. Countries achieving this are given specific trade advantages, such as reduced tariffs on imported goods. | | 85 |
| 6355785778 | Muhammad Ali | Albanian soldier in the service of Turkey who was made viceroy of Egypt and took control away from the Ottoman Empire and established Egypt as a modern state | | 86 |
| 6355790072 | Florence Nightingale | An English nurse of the nineteenth century, known for establishing a battlefield hospital for British soldiers wounded in the Crimean War. | | 87 |
| 6355793989 | Opium Wars | a war between Great Britain and China that began in 1839 as a conflict over the opium trade and ended in 1842 with the Chinese cession of Hong Kong to the British, the opening of five Chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges in the Treaty of Nanking. | | 88 |
| 6355797786 | Matthew Perry | United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a treaty in 1854 opening up trade relations between United States and Japan | | 89 |
| 6355812874 | Black Ships | was the name given to Western vessels arriving in Japan in the 16th and 19th centuries. | | 90 |
| 6355815612 | Self-strengthening Movement | a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers. | | 91 |
| 6355842568 | Spheres of Influence | a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority. | | 92 |
| 6355851549 | Taiping Rebellion | a massive rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864 fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace. | | 93 |
| 6355855846 | Tanzimat | the unsuccessful reorganization of the Ottoman Empire, was a period of reformation that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. | | 94 |
| 6355869239 | Trans-Siberian Railroad | a railway in S Russia, extending from Moscow to Vladivostok on the Pacific: constructed between 1891 and 1916 | | 95 |
| 6355886277 | Treaty of Nanking | a peace treaty which ended the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later called the unequal treaties on the ground that Britain had no obligations in return. Resulted in Britain gaining Hong Kong | | 96 |
| 6355906698 | Vanguardism | a strategy whereby the most class-conscious and politically advanced sections of the proletariat or working class form organizations in order to draw larger sections of the working class towards revolutionary politics | | 97 |
| 6355923444 | The Young Turks | members of a revolutionary party in the Ottoman Empire who carried out the revolution of 1908 and deposed the sultan Abdul Hamid II. | | 98 |
| 6355934497 | Zemstvo | one of a system of elected councils established in tsarist Russia to administer local affairs after the abolition of serfdom. | | 99 |
| 6355974041 | Berlin Conference | regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. | | 100 |
| 6355985312 | British raj | was the rule of the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. | | 101 |
| 6355988575 | Captain James Cook | English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands | | 102 |
| 6355992554 | Thomas Edison | United States inventor; inventions included the phonograph | | 103 |
| 6355997989 | Colonial Imperialism | refers to the process of a country taking physical control of another | | 104 |
| 6356001138 | Political Imperialism | The process through which a dominant country establishes political control -- called a sphere of influence -- over a poor country | | 105 |
| 6356007010 | Economic Imperialism | the practice of using capitalism, globalization and cultural imperialism to influence a developing country in lieu of direct military control | | 106 |
| 6356013394 | Social-Cultural Imperialism | the economic, technological and cultural hegemony of the industrialized nations, which determines the direction of both economic and social progress, defines cultural values, and standardizes the civilization and cultural environment throughout the world. | | 107 |
| 6356099974 | Indentured Servant | A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country. | | 108 |
| 6356104058 | Indian Civil Service | the elite higher civil service of the British Empire in British India during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947. | | 109 |
| 6356109951 | Indian National Congress | Indian political party, founded in 1885. Its founding members proposed economic reforms and wanted a larger role in the making of British policy for India. | | 110 |
| 6356115163 | David Livingstone | a Scottish congregationalist pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and an explorer in Africa, one of the most popular national heroes of the late-19th-century in Victorian Britain. |  | 111 |
| 6356118109 | Nawab | a native governor during the time of the Mogul empire. | | 112 |
| 6356121401 | Panama Canal | Waterway across the Isthmus of Panama. The canal connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The United States built it from 1904 to 1914 on territory leased from Panama. |  | 113 |
| 6356137400 | Cecil Rhodes | a British businessman, mining magnate and politician in South Africa, who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. | | 114 |
| 6356146735 | Rammohun Roy | Indian religious, social, and educational reformer who challenged traditional Hindu culture and indicated lines of progress for Indian society | | 115 |
| 6356150019 | Scientific Racism | Racism as supposedly justified by scientific evidence (social Darwinism) | | 116 |
| 6356156174 | Scramble for Africa | the invasion, occupation, division, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism | | 117 |
| 6356160016 | Second Industrial Revolution | also known as the "Technological Revolution," was a phase of the larger Industrial Revolution corresponding to the latter half of the nineteenth century until World War I. | | 118 |
| 6356163734 | Sepoy | an Indian soldier serving under British or other European orders. | | 119 |
| 6356169524 | Sepoy Rebellion | a revolt of the sepoy troops in British India (1857-59), resulting in the transfer of the administration of India from the East India Company to the crown. | | 120 |
| 6356174311 | Hebert Spencer | an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era. Strong believer in social Darwinism. | | 121 |
| 6356178100 | Shaka | one of the most influential monarchs of the Zulu Kingdom, making his empire one of the most powerful in Africa | | 122 |
| 6356195066 | Henry Stanley | a Welsh-American journalist and explorer who was famous for his exploration of central Africa and his search for missionary and explorer David Livingstone. | | 123 |
| 6356197831 | Suez Canal | n artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. | | 124 |
| 6356200457 | Tropical Dependencies | Such colonies were created by European countries not for settlement, but for economic gain. | | 125 |
