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AP Language Set B Flashcards

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6593227036COMPUNCTIONa feeling of anxiety caused by regret for doing something wrong or causing pain0
6593227037EXACERBATEto increase the severity; aggravate1
6593227038AMELIORATEto make or become better or improve2
6593227039PLACATEto appease or pacify with concessions3
6593227040ASSUAGEto make milder; relieve; soothe, calm fears or anger4
6593227041NEFARIOUSextremely wicked5
6593227042VIABLE1. capable of living; 2. useful or effective6
6593227043DENIGRATEto speak damagingly of; criticize in a derogatory manner7
6593227044EXCULPATEto clear from a charge of guilt or fault8
6593227045VEHEMENTstrongly emotional; intense or passionate9
6593227046DISINGENUOUSNOT straightforward or candid10
6593227047INGENUOUSfree from reserve; candid; sincere11
6593227048CHAGRINfeelings of disappointment and embarassment12
6593227049REPUDIATEto reject as having any authority (to repudiate a claim)13
6593227050DELINEATEto portray in words; describe with precision14
6593227051EMPIRICALderived from experiment and observation rather than theory15
6593227052INUREDmade tough by habitual exposure16
6593227053FALLOWplowed and left unseeded; not in use17
6593227054SALIENTprominent or conspicuous (salient traits)18
6593227055EXTOLpraise, glorify, or honor19
6593227056AMBIGUOUSopen to two or more interpretations20
6593227057GUILEcrafty or artful deception; duplicity21
6593227058OSTRACIZEto exclude, by general consent, from society, friendship, conversation, etc.22
6593227059CACHETsuperior status; prestige of a position or a university; a distinguishing mark or feature (Ivy League schools have their own cachet)23
6593227060IMPUGNchallenge as false or wrong24
6593227061IMPUNITYexemption from punishment or loss25
6593227062EXTENUATEto lessen or try to lessen the seriousness of a situation26
6593227063MITIGATEto make less severe27
6593227064INCESSANToccurring so frequently as to seem ceaseless or uninterrupted28
6593227065VIS À VIS1. face to face 2. in relation to; compared with29
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Logical Fallacies AP Language Flashcards

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7993964112Ad Hominem (attacking the character of the opponent)These arguments limit themselves not to the issues, but to the opposition itself. Writers who fall into this fallacy attempt to refute the claims of the opposition by bringing the opposition's character into question. These arguments ignore the issues and attack the people.0
7993964113Begging the Question (Circular Logic)This happens when the writer presents an arguable point as a fact that supports the argument. This error leads to an argument that goes around and around, with evidence making the same claim as the proposition. Because it is much easier to make a claim than to support it, many writers fall into this trap.1
7993964114Non Sequitur argumentsThe conclusion doesn't logically follow the explanation. These fallacies can be found on both the sentence level and the level of the argument itself.2
7993964115Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc (after this, therefore also this)This argument assumes a faulty causal relationship. One event following another in time does not mean that the first event caused the later event. Writers must be able to prove that one event caused another event and did not simply follow in time.3
7993964116Faulty AnalogiesThese extended comparisons and metaphors attempt to relate ideas or situations that upon closer inspection aren't really that similar.4
7993964117Hasty GeneralizationsThese fallacies may base an argument on insufficient evidence. Writers may draw conclusions too quickly, not considering the whole issue. They may look only at a small group as representative of the whole or may look only at a small piece of the issue.5
7993964118Red HerringsThese fallacies may have little relevance to the argument at hand. Desperate arguers often try to change the ground of the argument by changing the subject. The new subject may be related to the original argument, but does little to resolve it.6
7993964119EquivocationThis may happen when the writer makes use of a word's multiple meanings and changes the meanings in the middle of the argument without really telling the audience about the shift. Often when we use vague or ambiguous words like "right," "justice," or "experience," we aren't sure ourselves what we mean.7
7993964120Ignoring the QuestionThis fallacy is similar to presenting a red herring. Rather than answering the question that has been asked or addressing the issue at hand, the writer shifts focus, supplying an unrelated argument. In this way, the writer dodges the real issues of the debate.8
7993964121Opposing a Straw ManThis fallacy is a tactic used by a lot of writers because they find it easier to refute an oversimplified opposition. Writers may also pick only the opposition's weakest or most insignificant point to refute. Doing so diverts attention from the real issues and rarely, if ever, leads to resolution or truth.9
7993964122Slippery SlopesThis fallacy suggest that one step will inevitably lead to more, eventually negative steps. While sometimes the results may be negative, this fallacy argues that the descent is inevitable and unalterable. Stirring up emotions against the negative trend, this fallacy can be avoided by providing solid evidence of the eventuality rather than speculation.10
7993964123Either—Or argumentsThis fallacy may reduce complex issues to black and white choices. Most often issues will have a number of choices for resolution.11
7993964124Bandwagon Appeals (ad populum)This fallacy tries to get everyone on board. Writers who use this approach try to convince readers that everyone else believes something, so the reader should also. The fact that a lot of people believe it does not make it so.12
7993964125False AuthorityThis fallacy is a tactic used by many writers, especially in advertising. An authority in one field may know nothing of another field. Being knowledgeable in one area doesn't constitute knowledge in other areas.13
7993964126Tu Quoque (you're another)These fallacies avoid the real argument by making similar charges against the opponent. Like ad hominem arguments, they do little to arrive at conflict resolution.14
8003889085False Dichotomyconsists of a consideration of only the two extremes when there are one or more intermediate possibilities.15
8003901221Faulty causalityrefers to the setting up of a cause-and-effect relationship when none exist.16
8003911993Straw Man argumentconsists of an oversimplification of an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack17
8003926642Appeal to ignorancebased on the assumption that whatever has not been proven false must be true.18
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Unit 1 AP World History Flashcards

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10444342758Paleolithic PeriodThe early years of human history also known as the stone age. people used stone weapons during this time.0
10444342759Neolithic Perioda set of dramatic changes in how people lived based on the development of agriculture. Also known as the New Stone Age/Agricultural Revelution. 8000-3000 BC.1
10444342760Agricultural RevolutionAlso known as the Neolithic Revolution, this is the transformation of human (and world) existence caused by the deliberate cultivation of particular plants and the deliberate taming and breeding of particular animals.2
10444342761Civilazationa group of people with ways of life, religion, and learning3
10444342762Domestication of Plants and Animalsthe taming of animals and plants for human use, such as work or as food and this allowed the humans to remain in one place.4
10444342763Mandate of Heavena political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source5
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Unit 10 Definitions - AP Lang Flashcards

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5800068249amnesian. 1. A loss of memory, usually caused by shock or injury 2. A gap in one's memory0
5800068250appeasev. 1. To bring to a state of peace or quiet 2. To pacify an adversary, often by making concessions1
5800068251attritionn. 1. A gradual reduction in numbers or loss of strength 2. A weakening resulting from pressure or harassment2
5800068252debaclen. A sudden collapse, downfall, or failure3
5800068253defoliatev. To strip a plant of leaves, thereby damaging or destroying it4
5800068254equestrianadj. Having to do with horseback riding n. One who rides on horseback5
5800068255expungev. To obliterate or erase completely6
5800068256hackneyedadj. Commonplace; trite; lacking force or significance because of overuse7
5800068257opprobriumn. Scornful treatment or contempt, especially as a result of disgraceful behavior8
5800068258provison. A statement that makes a condition, qualification, or restriction9
5800068259sullyv. To soil, tarnish, or besmirch10
5800068260tactileadj. Relating to or perceptible by the sense of touch11
5800068261upbraidv. To scold or criticize severely; to find fault with12
5800068262verdantadj. Green with vegetation; covered with green plants13
5800068263vertexn. The point opposite and farthest from the base; summit14
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AP World History Review Spring 2018 - PEOPLE Flashcards

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10076191422Winston ChurchillBritish Prime Minister during WW2, coined the phrase "Iron Curtain"0
10076191423Mao ZedongA Chinese Communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the Peoples Republic of China1
10076191424Mahatma GandhiAn Indian activist who led the independence movement against British rule. He was non-violent2
10076191425Jomo KenyattaA Kenyan anti-colonial activist3
10076191426Joseph StalinThe Communist leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s - 19534
10076191427Simon BolivarHe led the Venezuelan revolt against Spanish Colonization5
10076191428JanissariesElite infantry units forming the Ottoman sultans household troops, bodyguards, and first modern standing army in Europe6
10076191429Zheng HeChinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral and court eunuch during the early Ming Dynasty7
10076191430James WattA Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer who improved the steam engine8
10076191431Francois Toussaint L'OuvertureThe best known leader of the Haitian Revolution9
10076191432NapoleonA French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution10
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AP World History Flashcards

Okay guys this is all of everything, with some overlap on terms. Y'all gotta thank Nythia and Annie.

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8492953887AbrahamFather of Judaism0
8492953888HatshepsutFirst female Egyptian pharoah1
8492953889AryansEarly Indian migrants who mixed/fought with the Dravidians2
8492953890DravidiansEarly Indian inhabitants who fought and intermarried with the Aryans3
8492953891OlmecFirst Mesoamerican civilization who practiced human sacrifice. Their descendants were the Mayans and the Aztecs.4
8492953892PhoeniciansShipbuilding society that created the first alphabet5
8492953893BantusAfrican migrators that influenced African languages and migrated throughout Africa, settling especially in West Africa6
8492953894CyrusFirst Persian Ruler7
8492953895DariusBest/strongest Persian Ruler8
8492953896XerxesThird Achaemenid Persian ruler who couldn't completely unify Persia because of internal crises and external threats.9
8492953897ConfuciusFounder of Confucianism10
8492953898LaoziFounder of Daoism11
8492953899Han FeiziChinese legalist12
8492953900XongnuCentral Asian nomads who policed the Silk Roads13
8492953901Ashoka MauryaMauryan leader who started out as a conqueror then turned to Buddhism after witnessing death. He put Buddhist edicts on pillars and allowed the movements of missionaries.14
8492953902Chandra GuptaGupta emperor (Hindu)15
8492953903Siddhartha GautamaThe Buddha. He witnessed suffering, then meditated under a tree until he figured out that life was suffering, and the key to stop suffering was to stop desiring.16
8492953904PericlesImportant Athenian leader who ordered the building of the Parthenon17
8492953905Alexander the GreatMacedonian conqueror who took over the Achaemenid Persian empire.18
8492953906Socrates, Plato, Aristotle3 Greek philosophers. Aristotle was very scientific as well.19
8492953907Julius CaesarRoman leader who attempted (failing, though) to make the Roman republic into an empire because of its uncontrollable size.20
8492953908Augustus CaesarFirst Roman emperor who transformed the republic into an empire.21
8492953909Jesus ChristFounder of Christianity, believed to have been crucified by the Roman empire.22
8492953910Paul of TarsusSpreader of Christianity. He went to many places throughout Europe to preach the word of the Christian God.23
8492953911ConstantineChristian emperor of Rome who established Christianity within Rome and founded the city of Constantinople.24
8492953912DiocletianRoman emperor who dealt with the uncontrollable size of Rome by setting up co emperors to rule Rome and keep it unified.25
8492953913MuhammadThe great Islamic prophet, who received dreams from Allah and preached them.26
8492953914Mansa MusaWealthiest man who ever lived. He was a Mali emperor. On his hajj to Mecca he gave out so much gold that he ended up causing hyperinflation.27
8492953915Temujin, Chinggis Khan, Genghis KhanMongol conqueror who created the largest empire in the world, spanning from Eastern Europe to China.28
8492953916Marco PoloItalian traveler who served in Kublai Khan's court.29
8492953917Ibn BattutaIslamic traveler who served in government positions to preach about Islam in places that didn't have that much Islamic influence.30
8492953918Mehmed IIOttoman conqueror who took over Byzantium and renamed Constantinople Istanbul.31
8492953919JustinianByzantine ruler who codified Roman law for the first time.32
8492953920TheodoraJustinian's wife, who was extremely intelligent.33
8492953921CharlemagneRuler of the Carolingian empire, the one unifying empire during the Middle Ages.34
8492953922St. Thomas AquinasEstablished the study of scholasticism and how to answer questions and debates.35
8492953923Pope Urban IICalled for the first Crusade.36
8492953924ToltecsMesoamerican society, ancestors of the Aztecs.37
8492953925AztecsMesoamerican society who settled in Mexico, descendants of the Maya. They established their capital in modern Mexico City.38
8492953926MontezumaRuler of the Aztec empire during its contact with Europe.39
8492953927PetrarchFather of humanism40
8492953928BoccaccioPoet from Italy who wrote about merchants41
8492953929Johannes GutenbergPrinting press42
8492953930Machiavelli"Better to be feared than loved."43
8492953931ErasmusHumanist who saw problems with the Catholic Church44
8492953932Luther/Calvin95 theses; CRC45
8492953933Aristocracyupper class have power46
8492953934barbarianprimitive, uses violence for most things47
8492953935brahminsHindu priestly class48
8492953936Civilizations/advanced societiesSociety with specific culture/way of life49
8492953937Complex institutionsSpecialization of trade50
8492953938dharmaHindu belief of strictly obeying laws, basis of Buddhism, cosmic order51
8492953939Diversified food supplyvariety of food52
8492953940dynastic cyclerise and fall of Chinese dynasties53
8492953941egalitarianwomen have more rights/say54
8492953942ethical/legal codeswritten law codes (Hammurabi)55
8492953943irrigation systemsartificial application of water to the soil56
8492953944karmaactions decide on fate after death, whether you'll be reborn, and what will happen when you're reborn57
8492953945pastoral/pastoralismraising livestock for food58
8492953946record keepingnotes about activities/events59
8492953947secularget rid of stuff without religion60
8492953948settled populationspeople who were settled based on agriculture61
8492953949syncretismreligions and cultures coexist62
8492953950theocracyGod ruling (emperors as "gods")63
8492953951Ancestor venerationrespect of ancestors64
8492953952caste systemintense social hierarchy of India65
8492953953daothe way of nature (China)66
8492953954diasporapeople settle far from their homeland67
8492953955hellenisticera after Alexander the Great conquered Greece68
8492953956manifestationsclinical effects/signs of disease69
8492953957rajasterm for hindu kings70
8492953958republicpeople vote for leaders71
8492953959sanskrit scripturesrevealed part of Hindu religion72
8492953960ShamanismMeditation between visible & spirit world through shamans73
8492953961social harmonySocietal accord in Confucianism74
8492953962BushidoJapanese samurai code of honor75
8492953963fiefsestate of land owned through feudalism76
8492953964gentryscholarly class in China, got land for being gov't officials77
8492953965Grand Canalbuilt during the Sui Dynasty, sped up travel/commerce78
8492953966GuildsGroups of craftsmen/merchants79
8492953967Kow towtouching forehead to ground as a sign of submission80
8492953968Manorialismagricultural economy of Middle Ages81
8492953969QuipuIncan mnemonic device to record events82
8492953970SurfsWorked on lords' land for protection83
8492953971ShariaIslamic holy law of both Quran and other things84
8492953972ShiaMuslim minority85
8492953973SouthernizationSpread of Asian beliefs86
8492953974Swahilicity-state society in E. Africa, active in trade87
8492953975tax farmingtaxes on agriculture88
8492953976synthesizedbringing together different elements89
8492953977Agricultural RevolutionThe transition from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture90
8492953978AristocracyA government or state ruled by the wealthy and elites91
8492953979BarbarianAn uncivilized, savage, primitive person92
8492953980BrahminsHighest, priestly level of the Indian caste system93
8492953981Cities(vs. Villages)A large important center (a village is a smaller community, usually with less importance)94
8492953982Civilizationsan advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached.95
8492953983BureaucracyGovernment with many different levels of administration96
8492953984Complex institutionsa Societies specialization of labor and ruling hierarchy.97
8492953985CurrencyA medium of exchange;money98
8492953986deityA divine character;a god or godess99
8492953987democracya form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents100
8492953988Dharmaconformity to religious law, custom, duty, or one's own quality or character.101
8492953989DiffusionSpreading out of culture, goods, and Ideas102
8492953990Diversified food supplyA large selection of different foods103
8492953991Domesticated Animalsturning of wild animals into tame animals. Domesticated animals were used for food, hide, and farm work104
8492953992Dynastic CycleCHinese theory that every dynasty goes through a culture cycle. Every ruler of the Dynasty that unites China has the Mandate of Heaven105
8492953993EgalitarianThe belief that all people are created equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities106
8492953994Ethical/Legal CodesA system of principles governing morality and acceptable conduct107
8492953995FrontierA border seperating two countries108
8492953996Hunter/GatherersA person who persuses and kills for food or gathers fruits and berries109
8492953997Ice AgeA global episode during a past geological period in which the Earth went through a cooling period110
8492953998Irrigation SystemsAn artificial application of water to the soil111
8492953999KarmaThe sum of a persons actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as their deciding fate112
8492954000Mandate Of HeavenA Chinese way of legitimizing power. Claimed that the gods called on them to rule113
8492954001monogamymarriage to only one partner at a time114
8492954002paganA person holding religious beliefs different than those of the main world115
8492954003PastoralismThe raiding and domesticating of cattle and other animals116
8492954004PatriarchyMen at the head117
8492954005Polygamymarriage to more than one partner at a time118
8492954006record keepingThe act of keeping detailed noted about activities and events119
8492954007Secularnot religious based120
8492954008Settled populationnon nomadic people who stay in their area121
8492954009slaveryUnpaid, forced labor122
8492954010Specialization of Laborthe learned skill of a certain job123
8492954011SurplusA large amount of something, often morethan needed124
8492954012SyncretismThe adjusting or adaptaion of different religions, schools of thought, or cultures125
8492954013textilesclothing/cloth126
8492954014theocracyreligion-based government127
8492954015Ancestor VenerationLove and respect for deceased ancestors. Very important in East Asia128
8492954016Caste systemA social class structure determined by birth. Mostly prominent in India. Indian Caste Order: 1. Brahmins 2.kshatriyas 3.Vaishyas 4.Sudras 5. Untouchables129
8492954017Classicalthe era from 600 BCE to 600 CE. Mostly centered on the Mediteranean reigon ( Greece and Rome). Marked by the founding of Islam130
8492954018Codificationthe arranging of laws or rules in accordance to a certain system or plan131
8492954019DaoismA religion focused with living in harmony with the dao ( way). Pretty much like the hippies of the classical era132
8492954020Diasporathe movement, migration, or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland133
8492954021Filial Pietyreverence for parents considered in Chinese ethics the prime virtue and the basis of all right human relations134
8492954022HellenisticGreek history and culture after the rule of Alexander the Great135
8492954023Manifestationspublic demonstration of power and purpose136
8492954024MerchantsPeople who traded goods on different trade routes137
8492954025MissionariesPeople who traveled in order to spread their religion and attract converts.138
8492954026Monarchyundivided rule or absolute sovereignty by a single person139
8492954027Monasterya house for persons under religious vows; especially : an establishment for monks140
8492954028Monsoon WindsSeasonal WInd of the Indian Ocean. blows from Southweest in the Summer and northeast in the winter. Merchants used the monsoon winds todirect them in their trade141
8492954029Rajasan Indian philosiphical guidline stating that Rajas is innate tendency or quality that drives motion, energy and activity. Sometimes reffered to as passion142
8492954030ReincarnationRebirth into another being or object after death143
8492954031Republica government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law144
8492954032Ritualsa cultural or religious cermemony withsome significance145
8492954033Sanskrit ScripturesMain scriptures are the Vedas and the Upanishads. Religious texts written in the early indian writing system of sanskrit146
8492954034Scripturesreligious texts147
8492954035ShamanismA religion revolving around unseen gods, demons, and spirits. The mongols were originally Shamans148
8492954036Social Harmonyneigboring civilizations, or just one civilization in a time of peace and cooperation149
8492954037Universal truthsSomething that is true for all people under all circumstances150
8492954038Black DeathThe bubonic plauge, killed many people and left a desvestating effect in Europe. Most likey spread form the Mongols through the Silk Road151
8492954039ChivalryA code of honor to be followed by medieval knights in Europe. Emphasised respect to women and being a good christian. Widely followed by many European men, even those who werent knights152
8492954040CaliphateThe rule or reign of a muslim ruler. Umayyad---> Abbasid153
8492954041ChristendomThe worldwide community of christians154
8492954042Civil service exama standardized test based on confucian principles155
8492954043Crusadesfailed attmepts by the Christians to take back the Holy land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims156
8492954044Dar al-IslamAl muslim practicing countries157
8492954045Diffusionthe spread of cultural elements from one area or group of people to others by contact158
8492954046Feudalisma system of political organization (as in Europe during the Middle Ages) in which a vassal served a lord and received protection and land in return159
8492954047Gentrya class whose members are entitled to bear a coat of arms though not of noble rank160
8492954048Grand Canal in ChinaBuilt by the Tang Dynasty. Popular method of interregional trade in China161
8492954049Great Warming Period800-1300 CE. Warming period had greatest effects in Europe162
8492954050Guildsgroups of people ( seperate from the government) that were formed to protect adn preserve the rights if the members163
8492954051Hajjpilgrimage to Mecca164
8492954052KhanA Mongol ruler of a Khanate ( sector of the Mongol rule)165
8492954053Little Ice AgeThe Little Ice Age was a period of cooling that occurred after the Medieval Warm Period. Caused famine in Europe due to colder temperatures166
8492954054ManoralismThe system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord.167
8492954055Neoconfucianisma movement in religious philosophy derived from Confucianism in China as a response to the ideas of Taoism and Buddhism.168
8492954056Nobilitythe group of people belonging to the noble class in a country, especially those with a hereditary or honorary title.169
8492954057PapacyThe pope having highest authority over a kingdom ( even higher than the king)170
8492954058Quipuan ancient Inca device for recording information, consisting of variously colored threads knotted in different ways.171
8492954059Samuraia member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan172
8492954060Serfsan agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.173
8492954061ShariaA code of laws based on the Islamic principles of the Quran and otherholy texts174
8492954062Shiaone of the two main branches of Islam, followed especially in Iran, that rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad's first true successor.175
8492954063SouthernizationNe ideas formed in Southern Asia and later spread to other areas, which then underwent a process of change.176
8492954064Sufia Muslim ascetic and mystic.177
8492954065SultanRuler of a Sultanate, often muslim178
8492954066Sunnione of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs.179
8492954067SwahiliA language formed as the bantu people migrated to the East Coast of Africa and mixed with Muslim merchants who spoke Arabic180
8492954068Tax farmingthe principle of assigning the responsibility for tax revenue collection to private citizens or groups.181
8492954069Terracesmake or form (sloping land) into a number of level flat areas resembling a series of steps182
8492954070Synthesizedcombine a number of things into a coherent whole.183
8492954071Tributary SystemsA more powerful kingdom let it's neighbors rule in their own way so long as a tribute was payed to the kingdom184
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AP Language Rhetorical Devices Flashcards

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5424237917AlliterationRepetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in a sequence - Let us go forth to lead the land we love0
5424241242AllusionBrief reference to a person, event, place, or to a work of art - God all mighty...1
5424244299AnaphoraRepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines - ...not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need -- not as a call to battle, though embattled we are...2
5424255606antimetaboleRepetition of words in reverse order - Ask not what your country can do for you -- ask what you can do for your country3
5424258500AntithesisOpposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction - We shall... support any friend, oppose any foe...4
5424262048Archaic dictionOld fashioned or outdated choice of words - beliefs for which our forebears fought5
5424266424AsyndetonOmission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words - We shall pay any price, bear and burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival...6
5424273456Cumulative sentenceSentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on7
5424277064Hortative sentenceSentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to actions - Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.8
5424281965Imperative sentenceSentence used to command or enjoin - Ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man9
5424284870InversionInverted order of words in a sentence - united there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do...10
5424287433JuxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences11
5424291887MetaphorFigure of speech that compares two things without using like or as -And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion12
5424295904OxymoronParadoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict on another -but this peaceful revolution13
5424299839ParallelismSimilarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses - Let both sides explore, let both sides, for the first time... let both sides seek to invoke... let both sides unite to head14
5424305845Periodic SentenceSentence whose main clause is withheld until the end15
5424308324PersonificationAttribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea -with history the final judge of our deeds16
5424311644Rhetorical questionfigure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer -will you join in that history effort?17
5424315235SynedocheFigure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole - in your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course18
5424321746ZeugmaUse of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings. - Now the trumpet summons us again -- not to bear arms, though arms we need -- not as a call to battle, though embattled we are -- but a call to bear the burden...19
5424329471LitoteEmphasizes its point by using a word opposite to the condition - A cup of coffee would not be unwelcome20
5424337166HypophoraAsking a question, then proceeding to answer it. - How do we know this to be true? We have observed it in the lab.21
5424346391Procatalepsisrelative of hypophora, however it deals specifically with objections, and does so without asking a question - Some people, even in this era of modern thought, believe that UFOs are visiting our planet every day, but without tangible evidence, mere belief is not proof.22
5424384154DistinctioRhetorical form in which the writer elaborates on the definition of a word, to make sure there is no misunderstanding - Communism, by which i mean the socialist communalism which comes after the centralized state, has et to be tried anywhere in the real world.23
5424393707SimilieComparing two things use like or as -The sun peered, like a curios child, over the top of the mountain24
5424415805AnalogyCompare two things, one being explained by something else that is well known - As the endless waves wash eternally upon the shore, so does true love overwhelm the soul. - life is like a race25
5424439256SententiaA quotation, maxim, or wise saying -As often said, a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush26
5428076173ExemplumProviding the reader with an example to illustrate your point -The U.S Government gives its citizens freedom; one illustration of this is that we have the right to criticize our leaders.27
5428094618EponymSimilar to allusion, referring to a specific famous person to link his or her attributes with someone else - A modern day Moses, he led his nation to a new beginning - The senator, with his patience of Job, endured setback after setback, until his time finally came28
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