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AP World History Key Theme Environment Flashcards

9459982372	Over farming	Mesopotamians grew too much in the Fertile Crescent and now the land has run out of nutrients	0
9459982373	Over grazing	pastoralists allowed their animals to eat too much grass and the grass can't regrow	1
9459982374	Maize	staple crop of ancient MesoAmerica Makes good arepas and corn bread.	2
9459982375	Tiger and Euphrates	the rivers had unpredictable floods so the Sumerians built canals and dams to try to dame it	3
9459982376	Mesopotamia	the area in between the two rivers	4
9459982377	Fertile Crescent	the area of rich farming surrounding the area of the two rivers in the Middle East extending to the Mediterranean Sea	5
9459982378	Sahara	North Africa once had rich grass land that became a dry desert and as the desert expanded it pushed people north to the Mediterranean and south towards the tropical equator.	6
9459982379	Nile River	this river had predictable flooding which allowed for rich farming on its banks by early settlers	7
9459982380	Desertification	grass land becomes desert	8
9459982381	Indus River Valley	in modern day Pakistan the people in Harapa and Mohenjo Daro had excellent trade systems and great cities with sewers on the river banks but they all disappeared	9
9459982382	Huang He or Yellow River	connects China's major Northern Cities	10
9459982383	Chiang Jiang or Yangtze River	China's largest river in the south that allows for great rice growing thanks to fertile yellow silt deposits	11
9459982384	Loess	fertile yellow silt deposits	12
9459982385	MesoAmerica	between North and South America is where Olmec started	13
9459982386	Oceania and Polynesia	See the line where the sky meets the sea It calls them because during the Ice Age the distances between these islands were smaller yet some agriculturalists migrated to these islands where they know how far they can go because they other islands remained hunter-gatherers	14
9459982387	Qanat	the Persians developed a method of creating irrigation canals through mountains to bring water to farms and cities	15
9459982388	Apennine Mountains	running down the spine of Italy these mountains were less rugged than the mountains of Greece and allowed the Romans to develop good farms and trade	16
9459982389	Etruscans	They had fantastic metal tools and great at building with stones also conquered the Latins of central Italy	17
9459982390	Rome	15 miles up the Tiber River which empties in the Tyrrhenian Sea this was a great site with 7 hills for Romulus and Remus to build a city	18
9459982391	Catapults and siege weapons	developed by ancient civilizations to destroy the walls of cities they were invading	19
9459982392	Stirrups	with this invention large domesticated animals could carry soldiers more steadily and traders over longer distances	20
9459982393	Slash and burn	clear out the forests and grass by setting it all on fire and then plant your sides on the fertile ground	21
9459982394	Constantinople	massive city between Europe and Asia where overland trade through the two continents has been happening for centuries its name comes from the Roman emperor who moved his capital to the city of Byzantium and allowed Christianity in the empire	22
9459982395	Bosporus Strait	a piece of water between Asia and Europe where the modern city of Istanbul is one either side	23
9459982396	Malaria	The Bantus might have brought this parasitic disease into sub-Sarah Africa when they were migrating South and East which causes fevers chills and death for those who lack immunity to it	24
9459982397	Bananas	Indonesians introduced this nutrient rich food to Sub-Sahara Africa when they settled in Madagascar which created a population spike	25
9459982398	Monsoon winds	they are predictable and carry a lot of rain in the summer and dry colds in the winter and in the summer you can use them to sail from Africa all the way to China and then sail back in the other direction during the winter	26
9459982399	Lateen sails	with this technology I can transport my ship even when the winds are against me	27
9459982400	Viking long ships	Nordic warriors developed something larger but similar to trireme which can sail across deep ocean waters and still sail up river	28
9459982401	Fiefs	I grant you control of this piece of land but your you owe your allegiance to me	29
9459982453	Three field system		30
9459982402	Horse collar	cows and oxen are awesome but these pack animals are leaner faster and more agile but you can't use the same technology on them	31
9459982403	Black Death	the fleas the rats the people god throughout history this illness has been carried throughout Europe and Asia usually starting in Asia thanks to the Silk Road	32
9459982404	Little Ice Age	it was a time of unusually cold winters especially in Northern Europe that caused a lot of famine	33
9459982405	Gobi Desert	this natural feature kept China safe from Western invasions throughout its history	34
9459982406	Yurt	your cities may be nice but my massive Mongolian tent made out of sheepskin can go anywhere	35
9459982407	Cahokia	a massive settlement near St. Louis built by the mound builders of the Mississippi cultures	36
9459982408	Tenochtitlan	upon this island in the middle of swampy lake the Aztecs built their great capital	37
9459982409	Chinampas	the Aztecs brought up mud from the bottom of the lake and created rows of rich soil for farming	38
9459982410	Cuzco	He's the sovereign of the nation He's the hippest cat in creation He's the alpha the omega, a to z And this perfect world will spin Around his every little whim Beause this perfect world begins and ends with this capital of the Incas in the mountains of Peru	39
9459982411	Carpa Nan	a massive system of road ways built with human labor by the Incas making it easier to govern their empire	40
9459982412	Ferdinand Magellan	on his voyage his survivors found a way to sail all around the world marking the first time man could do that.	41
9459982413	Vasco Da Gama	was the first European to sail around Africa and into India creating a direct trade route between Western Europe into the Indian Ocean trade network	42
9459982414	Caravel	these Portuguese designed ships were designed for long ocean going voyages	43
9459982415	Smallpox	leaves disfiguring scars on people's skins since the times of mummies and death rates were high especially among children many Europeans have developed an immunity to them but the people of the Americas had not and it wiped out millions of Native Americans paving the way for conquest by the Europeans	44
9459982416	Potosi	the Spanish found the world's largest silver mine and enslaved the local Natives to mine it for them the silver would be traded as far away as China and Japan	45
9459982417	Galleons	large ships later used by the Europeans to transport goods and people along the Columbian Exchange routes	46
9459982418	Sugarcane	a cash crop brought by Europeans to the New World it was very labor intensive which created a need for slaves to be brought in from Africa to the New World	47
9459982419	Northwest Passage	a belief by France and England that there was a water passage around North America to Asia	48
9459982420	Columbian Exchange	the goods peoples foods and illnesses from the Old World of Eurasia and Africa to the New World of North and South America	49
9459982421	Strait of Hormuz	between Iran and Iraq is this body of water if one controls this body of water then they control trade into the Persian Gulf and many cities in the Middle East	50
9459982422	Spinning jenny	a machine able to produce cloth with the power of one worker which was able to produce 8 to 10 times the amount of cloth done by a woman working from home	51
9459982423	Water frame	a machine that as an advancement on the spinning jenny which produced more cloth using a water wheel	52
9459982424	Interchangeable parts	a complex machine can be assembled using separately made pieces which are each made to precisely fit with one another and each piece is replaceable	53
9459982425	Steam engine	an upgrade over water power it would use burning coal to move a piston	54
9459982426	Steam ship	using a steam engine to power a water wheel ships were no longer forced to go where the wind or river currents allowed them to go	55
9459982427	Crop rotation	instead of not growing in a certain field to allow it to rest and recover its nutrients you instead grow different groups over a years time which use different nutrients allowing you to always use the soil	56
9459982428	Seed drill	a machine pulled by horse or oxen and later powered by fossil fuel which would place multiple seeds into a field instead of by hand one at a time	57
9459982429	Transcontinental railroad	now both coasts of the United States are connected overland and people goods and ideas can cross the country	58
9459982430	Second industrial revolution	with steel being stronger than iron and oil being more efficient fuel than coal we have reached a new age of larger stronger buildings, machines that go further and faster, and factories that can make more precise equipment	59
9459982431	Tran-Siberian Railroad	now Russia finally has quicker access to its vast lands and resources in East Asia	60
9459982432	Monocultures	farmers in colonies were encouraged or coerced into growing only one crop for the sake of making the most money but this made them vulnerable to illness and pests and famine	61
9459982433	Quinine	it was developed to fight off malaria without this the Europeans would never have been able to settle and colonize Africa	62
9459982434	Suez Canal	the French built a canal in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean	63
9459982435	Poison gas	it was design to kill people in the trenches of WW1 a mask was developed to stop it but the masks occasionally failed or sometimes soldiers were not quick enough to put them on	64
9459982436	Machine guns	whatever happens we have got the maxim gun and they have not unless this WW1 and everybody has these things which are capable of easily killing hundreds of people in a field	65
9459982437	Tanks	designed to go over no mans land carrying troops	66
9459982438	U-boats and Submarines	designed to secretly attack ships from under the sea nothing was better take it from me	67
9459982439	Airplanes	with these soldiers can scout above their enemy during WW1 and someday maybe even transport people and items quickly through the air	68
9459982440	Trench warfare	dig a hole to avoid the maxim guns then dig another to get closer to your friends then dig more holes to reach your supplies then keep digging till you have created places to live and hang out for the next 5 years of WW1	69
9459982441	Spanish Flu Pandemic	after WW1 soldiers in Europe came home with an influenza that killed millions of people	70
9459982442	Long March	Mao and his last remaining communists were chased into the mountains of China as they fought off the Kuomintang	71
9459982443	Sudetenland	anywhere there were Germans Hitler wanted to take the land and add them to Germany this particular land he was allowed to keep in the Munich Agreement	72
9459982444	Smallpox	WHO claims this disease no longer exists but throughout history it would leave disfiguring scars on people's skins since the times of mummies and death rates were high especially among children	73
9459982445	Polio	paralyzing illness contracted through contaminated body fluids Salk found vaccine and then Sabin created oral vaccine	74
9459982446	Diabetes	the disease of kings in which your organs are no longer properly processing insulin and fail	75
9459982447	Favelas	thanks to unplanned rapid urbanization these slums or shantytowns which were usually exclusive to Brasil are now more commonly seen in other parts of the world	76
9459982448	Thee Gorges Dam	The Yangtze shall flood no more you can keep your loess and your fresh water because now China have to be a build an even bigger project to bring water north to the cities	77
9459982449	Green Revolution	in the 1940's the population of the world was exploding and people were going to die but thanks to developments in chemistry biology and genetics we are able to grow more food in more places than ever before	78
9459982450	Genetically Modified Organisms	corn is not suppose to be yellow nor that sweet but thanks to GMO we can change the genes of plants and animals (students coming soon) to make higher AP scores I mean more food	79
9459982451	Kyoto Protocol	the developed nations of the world have decided that they must reduce their consumption of fossil fuels to reduce their carbon footprint	80

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AP World History Chapter 3, 4, & 5 Flashcards

DBHS, Ms. Corbin

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7314238457	Minoan civilization	An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2500 BCE and influenced the Greeks.	0
7314238458	Socrates	The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism towards questions of human existence (469-399 BCE).	1
7314238459	Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha)	The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566-ca. 486 BCE) who founded Buddhism.	2
7314238460	Pythagoras	A major Greek philosopher (ca. 560-ca. 480 BCE) who believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world.	3
7314238461	Nirvana	The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion.	4
7314238462	Moksha	In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with the Brahman.	5
7314238463	Mahayana	A form of Buddhism that put a greater emphasis on the supernatural and proved to be much more popular than the original (Theravada) Buddhism.	6
7314238464	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.	7
7314238465	Laozi	A legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century BCE; regarded as a founder of Daoism.	8
7314238466	Judaism	The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice.	9
7314238467	Jesus of Nazareth	The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 BCE-ca. 30 CE)	10
7314238468	Daoism	A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates the simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi.	11
7314238469	Constantine	Roman emperior (r. 306-337 CE) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe.	12
7314238470	Confucius (Kong Fuzi)	The founder of Confucianism (551-479 BCE); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history.	13
7314238471	Confucianism	The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order.	14
7314238472	Brahmins	The priestly caste of India.	15
7314238473	Aristotle	A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 BCE) a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.	16
7314238474	Alexander the Great	Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 BCE) conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of NW India.	17
7314238475	Aryans	Indo-Europeans pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians.	18
7314238476	Ashoka	The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 BCE) who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully with tolerance.	19
7314238477	Athenian Democracy	A radical form of direct democracy in which most of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot.	20
7314238478	Battle of Marathon	Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 BCE.	21
7314238479	Caesar Augustus	The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 BCE-14 CE)	22
7314238480	Cyrus the Great	Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 BCE); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation.	23
7314238481	Darius I	Great king of Persia (r. 522-486 BCE) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire.	24
7314238482	Persian Wars	Two major Persian invasions of Greece in 490 BCE and 480 BCE in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea.	25
7314238483	Gupta Empire	An empire of India (320-550 CE)	26
7314238484	Han Dynasty	Dynasty that ruled China from 206-220 BCE creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement.	27
7314238485	Hellenistic era	The period from 323-30 BCE in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdom ruled by Alexander's political successors.	28
7314238486	Herodotus	Greek historian known as the "father of history"; His histories enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East and West, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490-480 BCE.	29
7314238487	Mandate of Heaven	The ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently.	30
7314238488	Olympic Games	Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honour of Zeus; founded in 776 BCE and celebrated every four years.	31
7314238489	Patricians	Wealthy, privleged Romans who dominated early Roman society.	32
7314238490	Pax Romana	The "Roman peace" a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman empire, especially in the first and second centuries CE.	33
7314238491	Peloponnesian War	Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies) lasting from 431-404 BCE. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athen's Golden Age.	34
7314238492	Persian Empire	A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 BCE.	35
7314238493	Plebeians	Poorer, less-privleged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics.	36
7314238494	Punic Wars	The major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 BCE, that culminated in Roman victory and control of the Western Mediterranean.	37
7314238495	Qin Dynasty	A short-lived (221-206 BCE) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period.	38
7314238496	Qin Shihuangdi	Literally "first emperor from Qin"; forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state.	39
7314238497	Wudi	Han emperor (r. 141-86 BCE) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats.	40
7314238498	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 BCE and helped cause the fall of the Han Dynasty.	41
7314238499	Vaisyas	The Indian social class that was originally defined as farmers but eventually comprised merchants.	42
7314238500	Untouchables	An Indian social class that emerged below the Sudras and whose members performed the most unclean and polluting work.	43
7314238501	Sudra	The lowest Indian caste system of varna; regarded as servants of their social betters. It eventually included peasant farmers.	44
7314238502	Scholar-gentry class	A term used to describe members of China's landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials.	45
7314238503	Pericles	A prominent and influential statesman of Ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 BCE); presided over Athen's Golden Age.	46
7314238504	Ksatriyas	The Indian social class of warriors and rulers.	47
7314238505	Karma	In Indian belief, the force generated by one's behaviour in a previous life that decides the level at which an individual will be reborn.	48
7314238506	Dharma	In Indian belief, performance of the duties appropriate to an individual's caste, good performance will lead to rebirth in a higher caste.	49
7314238507	Zhou Dynasty	1122-256 BCE. Started Classical China. Greater cultural unity: standardization, oral epics, Confucius. Extended territory to Huanghe. Declined in 700 BCE: communication difficult, social divisions increased.	50
7314238508	Era of the Warring States	401-201 BCE. Zhou disintegrated. Ended up unifying China.	51
7314238509	Han dynasty	202 BCE-220 CE. Kept centralization, but reduced repression. Extended borders. Period of peace: Wudi. Huns invading led to decline.	52
7314238510	Silk Road	Trade route. Spread innovations, ideas, art, religion, and material.	53
7314238511	Sanskrit	classical Indian language. Literary language of the new culture.	54
7314238512	Varnas	India's caste group	55
7314238513	Upanishads	Epic poems. Served as basis for Hindu beliefs.	56
7314238514	Mauryan Dynasty	Chandragupta Maurya 322 BCE. Asohka= grandson, later ruler of Mauryan Dynasty.	57
7314238515	Gupta Dynasty	320 BCE. Dynasty succeeded Kush in 3rd cent. BC. Built empire to S. India. Not as centralized as the Mauryan Dynasty.	58
7314238516	Hinduism	One of the many religions in India. No single founder, no central holy figure. Ritualistic ceremonies performed by Brahmans, mysticism, artha (political & econ. goals), and karma (worldly pleasure). Reincarnation.	59
7314238517	Buddhism	563 BCE. Religion created by Buddha. All worldly desires hurt you, if you destroy yourself you can reach nirvana (state of enlightenment).	60
7314238518	Zoroastrianism	Persian religion. Emphasized importance of moral choice. Introduced individual salvation.	61
7314238519	Athens	A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.	62
7314238520	Sparta	Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, encouraged women to be strong and play sports	63
7314238521	Persian treatment of non-citizens	When Persian conquered territories the people were not forced to change their belief systems as long as they followed Persian laws and paid taxes.	64
7314238522	Cyrus Cylinder	considered the 1st human rights declaration; chronicles Cyrus' peaceful capture of Babylon and the freeing of captured peoples and allowing them (including the Jews) to return home with religious artifacts.	65
7314238523	Caste System	A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life, a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society	66
7314238524	Jati	A sub-varna in the caste system of people working in the same occupation.	67
7314238525	Upanishad	A group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe.	68
7314238526	Analects	the collection of Confucius's thoughts and sayings	69
7314238527	Theravada Buddhism	Believed Buddha was a great teacher, not a god	70
7314238528	Greek Rationalism	A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 B.C.E. to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms.	71
7314238529	Empress Wu	only woman to rule China in her own name, supported Buddhism in Tang Dynasty	72
7314238530	Weapons of the weak	work slowdowns, sabotage, false deference...didn't hide but adapted by mechanisms that help relieve the burden	73
7314238531	Ban Zhao	A Chinese woman writer and court official (45-116 C.E.) whose work provides valuable insight on the position of women in classical China and the implications of Confucian thinking	74
7314238532	Greek and Roman Slavery	highly imperitive to greco-roman society and accounting for almost half of the population, slavery was considered essential to the growth of the civilizations as a whole.	75
7314238533	Patriarchy	a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line	76
7314238534	Spartacus	A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history from 73 to 71 B.C.E.).	77
7314238535	Governments with large bureaucracy	Han China, Roman Empire had many government officials	78
7314238536	Roman key to good government	Good Laws, the Twelve Tables	79
7314238537	Han China's key to good government	Confucian moral codes followed by government officials	80
7314238538	Byzantine Empire	(330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.	81
7314238539	Roman Legions	The basic ancient Roman army unit recruited specifically from Roman citizens, slaves were not permitted.	82
7314238540	Pagan	A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times.	83
7314238541	Mauryan Dynasty	Indian dynasty (321-185 B.C.) founded by Chandragupta Maurya and reaching its peak under Ashoka. Organized into provinces.	84
7314238542	Twelve Tables	Rome's first code of laws	85
7314238543	Civil Service Exams	Confucian exam to acquire a position in the Chinese bureaucracy	86
7314238544	Macedonia	an ancient kingdom located north of Greece and home to Phillip and his son Alexander	87

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AP World History- Unit IIII Flash Cards Final Flashcards

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9969840605	Equal field system	Chinese system during the Tang dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land	0
9969840606	Grand canal	Located in China, it was one of the world's largest waterworks projects before modern times	1
9969840607	Nara	Centered on the city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence in Japan	2
9969840608	Neo-Confucianism	Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought	3
9969840609	Porcelain	Lighter, thinner and adaptable ceramic	4
9969840610	Song dynasty	Reigned during the late 10th-13th centuries and had a far-reaching impact on Chinese economy, culture, and society. It was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society	5
9969840611	Tang dynasty	An imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty. Considered to be the Golden Age of China because of its advancements in technology, medicine, and trade. The foundation of their greatness was from the emphasis put into study which led to stronger leadership and ideas.	6
9969840612	Abbasid dynasty	Cosmopolitan Arabic dynasty that replaced the Umayyads; founded by Abu al-Abbas and reached its peak under Harun al-Rashid	7
9969840613	Allah	God of the monotheistic religion of Islam	8
9969840614	Caliph	"Deputy," Islamic leader after the death of Muhammad	9
9969840615	dar al-Islam	The "house of Islam", a term for the Islamic world. It refers to lands under the Islamic rule as a whole; it continued to grow during the Abbasid era.	10
9969840616	Five Pillars of Islam	The foundations of Islam: 1. Profession of faith 2. prayer 3. fasting during Ramadan 4. almsgiving 5. pilgrimage or hajj	11
9969840617	hajj	Pilgrimage to Mecca	12
9969840618	hijra	Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622, which is the beginning point of the Islamic calendar and is considered to mark the beginning of the Islamic faith	13
9969840619	Islam	Monotheistic religion announced by the prophet Muhammad; influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture	14
9969840620	jizya	Tax in Islamic empires that was imposed on non-Muslims	15
9969840621	Ka'aba	main shrine in Mecca, goal of Muslims embarking on the hajj	16
9969840622	Muhammad	Prophet of Islam	17
9969840623	Muslim	A follower of Islam	18
9969840624	Quran	Islamic holy book that is believed to contain the divine revelations of Allah as presented to Muhammad	19
9969840625	sakk	Letters of credit that were common in the medieval Islamic banking world. These were the predecessors to checks in the banking world.	20
9969840626	Sunni	"Traditionalists," the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared with the Shiite belief that only a descendant of Ali can lead	21
9969840627	umma	Islamic term for the "community of the faithful"	22
9969840628	Ummayad dynasty	Arabic dynasty, with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east	23
9969840629	Melaka (Malacca)	Southeast Asian kingdom that was predominantly Islamic	24
9969840630	Axum	African kingdom centered in Ethiopia that became an early and lasting center of Coptic Christianity	25
9969840631	caste system	class structure that is determined by birth.	26
9969840632	Srivijaya	Southeast Asian kingdom, based on the island of Sumatra, that used a powerful navy to dominate trade	27
9969840633	Byzantine Empire	Long-lasting empire centered at Constantinople; it grew out of the end of the Roman empire, carried the legacy of Roman greatness, and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age; it reached its early peak during the reign of Justinian	28
9969840634	caesaropapism	Concept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church-versus-state controversy in medieval Europe	29
9969840635	Vikings	A group that raided the British Isles from their home at Vik in southern Norway	30
9969840636	shamans	Religious specialists who possessed supernatural powers and who communicated with the gods and the spirits of nature	31
9969840637	Yuan dynasty	Chinese dynasty that was founded by Genghis Khan's grandson	32
9969840638	Temüjin	Mongol conqueror who later took the name Chinggis Khan, "universal ruler"	33
9969840639	Bantu	Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages.	34
9969840640	Great Zimbabwe	Large sub-Saharan African kingdom in the 15th century	35
9969840641	Mali empire	West African kingdom founded in the 13th century by Sundiata; it reached its peak during the reign of Mansa Masu	36
9969840642	Sundiata	Founder of the Mali empire, also the inspiration for the Sundiata, an African literary and mythological work	37
9969840643	Swahili	East African city-state society that dominated the coast from Mogadishu to Kilwa and was active in trade. Also a Bantu language of East Africa, or a member of a group who speaks this language	38
9969840644	Marco Polo	Italian merchant whose account of his travels to China and other lands became legendary	39
9969840645	reconquista	Crusade, ending in 1492, to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain	40
9969840646	Saladin	Muslim leader and crusader who recaptures Jerusalem from the Christians	41
9969840647	three estates	The three classes of European society, composed of the clergy #1, the aristocrats #2 and the common people #3	42
9969840648	Aztec empire	Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century during he reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I	43
9969840649	chinampa	Agricultural gardens used by Mexica (Aztecs) in which fertile muck from lake bottoms was dredged and built up into small plots	44
9969840650	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, later Mexico city	45
9969840651	Hangzhou	Capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million	46
9969840652	Mecca	Original city of Islam, birthplace of Muhammad, location of the hajj	47
9969840653	Mongols	Nomadic horse-people from the eastern steppe of Asia that created the largest empire in the history of the world.	48
9969840654	Pax Mongolica (13th-14th centuries)	Mongols guaranteed safe passage for traders, missionaries, and travelers such as Marco Polo, trade flourished, silk, Asian artistic designs moved westward, Mongols gain incredible wealth taxing the trade, peaceful travel across Asia, cultural exchanges, exchange of ideas, medical, mathematics, finance, engineering knowledge flows between China and Middle East, printing, gunpowder transmitted from China to Europe, spread of bubonic plague.	49
9969840655	Spice Roads	The trade of spices from Asia and India to Italian and Muslim merchants who would then trade it to Europeans.	50
9969840656	Baghdad	Located on the Silk Roads, it was the capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate.	51
9969840657	Aztec	Ancient civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City	52
9969840658	Horse collar	Harnessing method that increased the efﬁciency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders; its adoption favors the spread of horse-drawn plows and vehicles	53
9969840659	Mansa Musa	Greatest Mali king; brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; expanded borders, maintained peace and order, religious freedom and tolerance; hajj to Mecca; built Timbuktu	54
9969840660	Timbuktu	Port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River; population of 50,000; contained a library and university.	55
9969840661	Ibn Battuta	Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan	56

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AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

Terms for AP English, Page 1 and 2

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10185827705	allegory	a symbolic representation; a story, picture, or play employing representation; personify an abstraction like hope or freedom	0
10185827706	alliteration	repetition of sounds, especially initial constant sounds in two or more neighboring words; to reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound, and/or echo the sense of passage	1
10185827707	allusion	a direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art; can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical	2
10185827708	ambiguity	the multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage	3
10185827709	analogy	a similarity or comparison of two different things that are similar in some way; can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar; also makes writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging	4
10185827710	antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun; if in a sentence it is talking about a dentist and then the passage says "he", the "he" refers to the dentist, which makes it this	5
10185827711	antithesis	the opposite or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite	6
10185827712	aphorism	a terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle; can be a memorable summation of the author's point	7
10185827713	apostrophe	a figure of speech in which the poet addresses an absent person, an abstract idea, or a thing such as liberty or love; it is an address to someone or something that cannot answer; may add familiarity or emotional intensity	8
10185827714	atmosphere	the emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by author's choice of objects that described; description of weather can indicate it; frequently foreshadows events; can create mood	9
10185827715	caricature	a verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort, for comic effect, a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics	10
10185827716	clause	a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb	11
10185827717	colloquial/colloquialism	the use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing; give a work a conversational, familiar tone; expressions in writing include local or regional dialects	12
10185827718	conceit	a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison being made	13
10222172798	connotation	the non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning; may involve ideas, emotions or attitudes	14
10222172799	denotation	the strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color	15
10222172800	diction	related to style, refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness; formal, informal, ornate or plain, etc.	16
10222172801	didactic	from the Greek, literally means "teaching"; teachings of morals and ethical principles	17
10222172802	euphemism	from the Greek for "good speech"; are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept; may adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement	18
10222172803	extended metaphor	a metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work	19
10222172804	figurative language	writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid	20
10222172805	figure of speech	a device used to produce figurative language; many compare dissimilar things; include apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simply, synecdoche, and understatement	21
10222172806	generic conventions	this term describes traditions for each genre; they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing	22
10222172807	genre	the major category into which a literary work fits (eg prose, poetry, and drama); prose divides into fiction or nonfiction, poetry into lyric, dramatic narrative, epic, etc., drama into tragedy, comedy, melodrama, farce, etc.	23
10222172808	homily	this term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice	24
10222172809	hyperbole	a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement; Greek meaning is "overshoot"; have a comic effect, could be serious; produces irony; opposite of it is understatement	25
10222172810	imagery	the sensory details or figurative language used to describe arouse emotion or represent abstractions; could be on physical level, the five senses: visual, auditory, tactile (touch), gustatory (taste), and olfactory (smell); can also represent more than one thing, on a different level	26
10222172811	inference/infer	to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented (an educated guess)	27

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AP French Language and Culture Exam Prep Set 3 Flashcards

Exprimer le "pour"

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6890842728	à titre d'example	by way of example	0
6890842729	aimer mieux	to prefer	1
6890842730	cela dépend de	that depends on	2
6890842731	C'est tellement plus facile de	It's so much easier to	3
6890842732	C'est une question de	It's a question of	4
6890842733	Ce qui est sûr, c'est que	What's certain is that	5
6890842734	Ce qui frappe, c'est	What strikes one is	6
6890842735	D'abord et avant tout	First and foremost	7
6890842736	De mon coté	As for me	8
6890842737	En ce cas-là	In that case	9
6890842738	En ce qui concerne	As far as is concerned	10
6890842739	en conséquence	as a result	11
6890842740	en premier lieu	in first place	12
6890842741	et pour cause	and with good reason	13
6890842742	Il faut compter aussi avec	One must also take into consideration	14
6890842743	Il ne faut pas oublier que	One must not forget that	15
6890842744	Il s'agit de	It's a question of	16
6890842745	Il y va de	It concerns	17
6890842746	Le fait est que	The fact is that	18
6890842747	la passion	passion	19
6890842748	pencher pour/vers	to lean towards	20
6890842749	préférer	to prefer	21
6890842750	pour ainsi dire	so to speak	22
6890842751	Pour ma part	As far as I'm concerned	23
6890842752	pour marquer une conclusion	to sum it up	24
6890842753	Quant à moi	As for me	25
6890842754	sans parler de	not to mention	26
6890842755	Tout d'abord	First of all	27
6890842756	Tout dépend de	It all depends on	28

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Flashcards

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AP World History Unit 1 Flashcards

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8821009742	isolated	China was ____ from the rest of the world	0
8821009743	himalayas, gobi desert, and pacific ocean	What are some natural barriers of China	1
8821009744	Huange He (yellow river) and Yangtze	What are the two rivers of China	2
8821009745	2,920	How many miles long is the yellow river	3
8821009746	Loess	In the yellow river, ____ is depostied from blowing winds (this is what makes it yellow)	4
8821009747	millet and wheat	what crops were grown in northern China	5
8821009748	rice	What crop was grown in the Yangtze river valley	6
8821009749	riding horses and pottery making	Chinese people skilled at....	7
8821009750	2000 BCE	By.... the chinese had an advanced technology and intellecutal life	8
8821009751	bronze and iron and coal	What metals/stones did the Chinese use?	9
8821009752	1000 BCE	When did the Chinese learn to use bronze and iron	10
8821009753	ideographic symbols	the Chinese wrote in....	11
8821009754	astronomy, art, and music	The Chinese excelled in...	12
8821009755	Zia	first dynasty EVER!!!!	13
8821009756	2200 BCE	When did the Zia dynasty begin	14
8821009757	monarchy	what kind of government did the Zia have	15
8821009758	Sage-king "Yu"	founder of Zia, organized effective flood conrol projects	16
8821009759	founding of and development of cities	No records survive from Zia history, but it is believed that the dynasty encouraged the...	17
8821009760	Shang Di	strong shang king	18
8821009761	fertility	The Shang dynasty had ceremonies and dances that promoted....	19
8821009762	Shang	First dynasty with records	20
8821009763	1799-1122 BCE	What were the dates of the Shang Dynasty	21
8821009764	bronze weapons	nomads in shang dynasty fought on horseback from chariots with ...........	22
8821009765	Anyang	The ancient Chinese capital of the Shang dynasty.	23
8821009766	Large bureaucracy	What type of government did the Shangs have?	24
8821009767	local rulers	In Shang Dynasty, peasants and artisans were governed by....	25
8821009768	feudalism	The Shang government most closely resembled the European..... during the middle ages	26
8821009769	Silk	China had the monopoly on this	27
8821009770	bronze vessels	these were ornately cared and used to make offerings in Shang history	28
8821009771	shang Di	Who is the "main god" of Shang Dynasty	29
8821009772	oracles	priests served as _____ who would prophesy the future in Shang Dynasty	30
8821009773	bones and turtle shells	Shang wrote on	31
8821009774	family	Central to all chinese society	32
8821009775	patriarchal	Shang was a highly ____ society.	33
8821009776	Elderly males	head of chinese family	34
8821009777	Zhou	used the mandate of heaven for the first time	35
8821009778	1122-256 BCE	What were the dates of the Zhou Dynasty	36
8821009779	Mandate of Heaven	The Zhou used this to justify their rule	37
8821009780	Period of Waring States	Late centuries of the Zhou is called...	38
8821009781	403-221 BCE	What were the dates of the "Period of Warring states"	39
8821009782	Philosophies	What emerged during the Period of Warring states	40
8821009783	Mandate of heaven	justification for rule that influenced government and political legitimacy. Heavenly power granted the right to an individual to rule as the "son of heaven"	41
8821009784	withdraw the mandate	If the ruler failed under the mandate the heavenly powers would...	42
8821009785	Confucianism	Chinese religion with beliefs of social harmony from the proper order of human relationships	43
8821009786	Analects	Confucious sayings are compiled into _____	44
8821009787	political life	Confucious withdrew from _____ after unsuccessful efforts to find employment as an official and advisor to rulers	45
8821009788	Filial piety/Xiao	required of children that requires them show obedience, reverence, and love	46
8821009789	Ren	an attitude of kindness and benevolence	47
8821009790	Li	individuals have a sense of propriety	48
8821009791	society	One of confucius' goals was that individuals who possessed the traits would gain influence in ______	49
8821009792	junzi	superior individuals	50
8821009793	Mencius	Influenced by Confucius, popularized Confucian ideas, Emphasized sen by advocating benevolence and humanity government	51
8821009794	shown	mencius believed that if people are _____ the right way by virtuous rulers, they would do the right thing	52
8821009795	harmony	Under Mencius, he believed that rulers would levy light taxes, avoid ears, support education, and encourage ________	53
8821009796	Xunzi	Emphasized Li, less rosy picture of human nature, believed people had to be compelled to make appropriate choices, advocated for a well publicized standard of conduct with limits and harsh social discipline	54
8821009797	Legalism	Xunzi's beliefs lead to the development of....	55
8821009798	298-238 BCE	What were the dates of Xunzi	56
8821009799	372-289 BCE	What were the dates of Mencius	57
8821009800	Daoism	religion devoted to reflection and introspection, in hopes of understanding natural principles that govern the world	58
8821009801	The sage Laozi	Who is the founder of Daoism	59
8821009802	6th century BCE	When was Daoism founded	60
8821009803	Classic of the Way of Virtue	Foundational text of Daoism created by Laozi	61
8821009804	Dao	"The way of nature" or "the cosmos"	62
8821009805	passive	The Dao is an extremely _____ force	63
8821009806	Wuwei	Moral trait that individuals should refrain and disengage in the affairs of the world. Belief that people should live simply, unpretentiously, and in harmony with nature	64
8821009807	Legalism	government that devotes all attention to the state, which they sought to strengthen and expand at all costs	65
8821009808	Shang yang	Who was the first person to practice Legalism (390-338 BCE)	66
8821009809	Han Feizi	Established a theory of Legalism (280-233 BCE)	67
8821009810	Han Feizi	Student of Xunzi and advisor to the Qin	68
8821009811	agriculture and armed forces	The foundation of a state's strength were ____ under legalism	69
8821009812	merchants, entrepreneurs, scholars, educators, poets, philosophers	Legalist governments discouraged ________ because they did not advance the state	70
8821009813	Legalist Doctrine	strict laws with clear expectations and severe punishments	71
8821009814	Qin Shi Huangdi	By 221 BCE ______ emerges as the triumphant conqueror of the 6 coexisting kingdoms	72
8821009815	emperor	Qin Shi Huangdi was China's self-proclaimed first ___________	73
8821009816	221-207 BCE	What were the dates of the Qin Dynasty	74
8821009817	14	How many years did the Qin dynasty last	75
8821009818	Legalist	The Qin dynasty was governed by ______ principles	76
8821009819	bureaucracy	She Huangdi ruled by a centralized ________	77
8821009820	provinces	Shi Huangdi divided the empire into ____	78
8821009821	Great Wall	Shi Huangdi was the mastermind behind what construction project	79
8821009822	standardized currencies, weights, and measures, built roads and bridges, encouraged commerce and military, and mandated the use of common script	What are good things about Shi Huangdi	80
8821009823	460	Shi Huangdi ordered the execution of ____ scholars who critized the regime	81
8821009824	philosophy, ethics, history, and literature	Qin Shi Huangdi ordered the burning of what kind of books?	82
8821009825	medicine, fortune telling, and agriculture	Qin Shi Huangdi kept which types of books?	83
8821009826	210 BCE	When did Shi Huangdi die?	84
8821009827	700,000	how many laborers were drafted to build Shi Huangdi's tomb?	85
8821009828	Terra Cotta	a life size model of an infantryman	86
8821009829	Liu Bang	In 202 BCE a ruler who's name is _____ prevailed and inaugurated a new dynasty called the HAn	87
8821009830	Han	longest dynasty in Chinese history (400 years)	88
8821009831	Sima Qian	lived during the Han dynasty, regarded as the Chinese "father of history", castrated for defending a disgraced general	89
8821009832	Eunuch	Term for castrated individual	90
8821009833	Sima Qian	created organization framework that became standard	91
8821009834	compare and interpret the difference	Sima Qian wrote the same event narrated in more than one section, inviting readiness to _____	92
8821009835	Han	adopted confucianism as the official ideology of the imperial system	93
8821009836	1,000s of intelligent, educated individuals to run bureaucracy	Confucian educational system emerged from the need to recruit....	94
8821009837	Chang'an	Confucian university is located in....	95
8821009838	30,000	by the end of the Han dynasty the school in Chang'an had how many students	96
8821009839	Merchants	What social class was at the bottom of the Chinese ladder	97
8821009840	Scholar gentry "Shi"	educated, privileged group who were prepared for governmental service	98
8821009841	exams	Chinese government jobs depended on the performance on _____	99
8821009842	Merchants	devoted to moneymaking instead of learning and political service	100
8821009843	"Mean" people	anyone who lacked skills or direct production of goods, meaningless, actors, artists, poets...	101
8821009844	location	Women's status depended on her "___" within society	102
8821009845	wife	In Chinese society, Mother's in law had authority over their son's _____.	103
8821009846	Lessons for Women	1st CE book, instructs daughters to conform to traditional expectations	104
8821009847	Watermill, horse collar, roads and canals, seismometer, crossbow, rudder	What is new technology from the Han dynasty? (7)	105
8821009848	Agriculture, art, military	What are uses of Iron	106
8821009849	Iron	Under the Han dynasty, ____ production rapidly grows	107
8821009850	3000 BCE	when are the origins of silk production	108
8821009851	mulberry leaves	Chinese silk producers fed their silkworms on finely chopped ________	109
8821009852	100 CE	When was paper invented	110
8821009853	hemp and textile fibers	What was woven together to make paper	111
8821009854	paper	became the preferred medium to write on	112
8821009855	20 milllion	How many people were there in 220 BCE (beginning of Han)	113
8821009856	60 million	How many people were there in 9 CE (end of Han)	114
8821009857	economic difficulties, problems of land distribution, Social tensions	What were the 3 causes of the Han's fall	115
8821009858	economic difficulties	Military adventures of emperors caused severe economic stress	116
8821009859	Problems of land distribution	poor harvests, high taxes, debt, owners of large estates increase in size	117
8821009860	Wang Dang	"socialist emperor". limited the amoung of land families coud own	118
8821009861	social tensions	great distinctions between the rich and the poor	119
8821009862	silk	What did the wealthy chinese wear	120
8821009863	jade plaques sewn with gold threads	The upper class was buried in suits of ......	121
8821009864	Yellow Turban Rebellion	serious revolt that tested the Han in late 2nd century CE. Named after headgear	122
8821009865	influence	At the end of the Han dynasty, imperial family members, confucian scholar bureaucrats, and court eunuchs all seek to increase their.....	123
8821009866	220 CE	When did the Han officially fall	124
8821009867	several large regional kingdoms	for the next four centuries after the fall of the han china remained divided into	125
8821009868	south asia	The indian subcontinent is known as...	126
8821009869	Harappans	Who were the earliest settlers in India	127
8821009870	Aryans	Dravidian and indo european peoples who are intermarried, they interacted and laid foundations of society	128
8821009871	aryans	light skinned, indo european language speakers, pastoralists	129
8821009872	sheep and goats	What animals did the aryans have	130
8821009873	horses	were expensive because they were rare, were harnessed to carts, wagons, and chariots	131
8821009874	cattle	principal measure of wealth in india	132
8821009875	1500-500 BCE	what were the dates of the VEdic age	133
8821009876	vedic age	shows early aryan society, had no writing orginally,	134
8821009877	religious and literary works	These works were transmitted orally in Sanskrit during vedic age	135
8821009878	Vedas	the collection of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the various gods. means wisdom or knowledge	136
8821009879	Rig Veda	most important veda	137
8821009880	Rig Veda	1028 hymns to the gods, earliest and most important veda	138
8821009881	Varnas	the caste system	139
8821009882	Jati	birth group, subsection of castes	140
8821009883	Brahmins	rituals and sacrifices ensoure proper functioning of the world, tribal medicine men and sorcerers will find a place here	141
8821009884	Kshatriyas	warrirors and rulers protect and govern society	142
8821009885	Vaisya	commoners that cultivated the land, business clas class or merchants become dominant	143
8821009886	Pure Aryans	Top three classes in Indian caste system are regarded as...	144
8821009887	"twice born"	people are cllaed this because they experienced physical birth and born into status as people of aryan descent	145
8821009888	sudras	servants tot he top castes, not allowed to hear or take part in aryan rituals, little value	146
8821009889	Harijans/untouchables	outside of the varna system, most unclean and polluting jobs	147
8821009890	Lawbook of Manu	book that dealt with proper moral and social behavior	148
8821009891	bear children and maintain home	What are indian women most important job	149
8821009892	Sati	womens dependence on men, a widow must voluntarily throw herself onto the funeral pyre of her deceased husband to join him in death	150
8821009893	Indra	aryan war god, rain, and water; most important god	151
8821009894	Brahmins	In aryan religions, the role of ____ are important	152
8821009895	soma	hallucinogen drug	153
8821009896	800-400 BCE	When were the Upanishads composed	154
8821009897	Upanishads	dialogues from sages to students, emphasized high ethical standards, discouraged greed, envy, gluttony. advocated honesty, self-control, charity, mercy, integrity, and respect to all living things	155
8821009898	Braman	the universal soul	156
8821009899	samsara	reincarnation	157
8821009900	karma	the good/bad deeds that follow to the next life	158
8821009901	moksha	deep dreamless sleep that came from permanent liberation from physical incarnations and become one with brahman	159
8821009902	Brahma	creator god	160
8821009903	Buddhism	religion that emphasized abandoning material goods and living simply	161
8821009904	siddhartha guatama	Who founded buddhism	162
8821009905	49	how many days of meditation did it take SG to reach enlightenment	163
8821009906	The Dharma	Buddhist Doctrine is called the	164
8821009907	Four noble truths, and eightfold path	What was SGs way to enlightenment	165
8821009908	suffering	Noble truth: all life is _____	166
8821009909	end	Noble truth: There is an ____ to suffering	167
8821009910	desire	Noble truth: Removing ______ removes suffering	168
8821009911	eightfold path	Noble truth: Ending suffering may be done through the ________	169
8821009912	less dependence, no caste, moderate consumption, vernacular	What are the appeals of mahayana buddhism	170
8821009913	Stupas	shrines housing relics of the buddha and his 1st disciples that pilgrims venerated	171
8821009914	Monastteries	served as social, economic, and cultural influence for buddhism	172
8821009915	Asoka	supported Buddhism	173
8821009916	Bodhisattavas	men and women who achieved enlightenment and were on threshold of nirvana, but chose to be reborn in order to help others	174
8821009917	Charitable donations	What was regarded as "pious activity" under Manayana buddhism?	175
8821009918	Mahayana Buddhism	"Greater vehicle", newer buddhism	176
8821009919	Buddha and Bodhisttvas	Focus of worship in on the _______ and _______ under Mahayana Buddhism	177
8821009920	Wealthy Class	who did mahayana buddhism attract	178
8821009921	Theravada buddhism	Strict buddhism, give up all material objects	179
8821009922	Mahavira	Who is the founder of Jainism	180
8821009923	540-468 BCE	What was the life span of Mahavira	181
8821009924	Soul	Janiests believe that everything in the universe has a ______.	182
8821009925	Principe of Ahimsa	nonviolence to other living things or souls (influenced Gandhi, MLK Jr)	183
8821009926	Lower class (merchants and scholars)	Who did Jainism appeal to?	184
8821009927	Brahma	creator of the universe	185
8821009928	Vishnu	preserver of the universe	186
8821009929	Shiva	The destroyer	187
8821009930	Ganesha	dictation wisdom, wealth, remover of obstacles	188
8821009931	Vishnu	restores the balance of good and evil	189
8821009932	Ganesha	half man/elephant	190
8821009933	knowledge, mental and physical discipline (yoga), or deep devotion	What are 3 different forms of hindu worship	191
8821009934	Attendance to festivals	Shows more devotion in hindu culture	192
8821009935	Ganges river	sacred indian river	193
8821009936	Hindu Swastika	symbol that means good fortune, luck or well being	194
8821009937	Nazi Swastika	aryan symbol indicating racial purity and superiority	195
8821009938	Mahabharata	Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty	196
8821009939	war bt cousins in aryan society for control of the kingdom	What was the Mahabharta story about	197
8821009940	106,000	How many verses are in the Mahabarata	198
8821009941	Bhagavad Gita	What is the most important part of the Mahabharta	199
8821009942	dialogue bt Arjuna and Krishna on one's duty of fate and spirit	What was the Bhagavad Giva about	200
8821009943	Ramayana	illustrates the Hindu value; epic talk tracking the adventures of king Rama and his wife sita	201
8821009944	settled agricultural society and better organized political unit	What does the Ramayana reflect more of...	202
8821009945	324-184 BCE	what was the time span of the Mauryan empire	203
8821009946	Mauryan and Gupta empire	What were the two empires where political unity was achieved	204
8821009947	Mauryan Empire	more extensive of the two lasting empires in india	205
8821009948	Chandragupta Mauray	Laid the foundation of the Mauryan Empire	206
8821009949	Magadhi, Bactria	What two regions did Chandragupa overthrow	207
8821009950	Maurya empire	India's 1st centralized empire	208
8821009951	Arthshastra	Chandragupta's government was guided by the political handbook called the _____.	209
8821009952	Bureaucratic	Maurayans built a _____ administartive system like China	210
8821009953	Kalinga	In Asoka's conquest to _____, 1,000s were killed, woulded or deported	211
8821009954	"Peace to all beings"	Asoka ruled by Buddha's teachings, "_____"	212
8821009955	roads	Asoka built extensive ____ to make travel and communication easier	213
8821009956	great rocks and pilished pillars	Asoka publicized his policies on ______	214
8821009957	Economic crisis	follows the death of asoka	215
8821009958	Gupta empire	modeled agter mauryan empire but smaller	216
8821009959	Chandra Gupta	founder of Gupta empire	217
8821009960	600 BCE-600 CE	Time span of the classical age	218
8821009961	currencies	A cause of the fall of the Mauryan empire was frequent devalutations of _____ to play salaries	219
8821009962	185 BCE	When does the Mauryan empire disappear	220
8821009963	500 years	How many years passed before another indigenous state has control over northern India	221
8821009964	Cotton, Black pepper, pearls, gems	What did India trade	222
8821009965	guild of merchants and artisans	Became politically powerful in absence of a strong central government	223
8821009966	Rome	Where did the Indian empires export to?	224
8821009967	Gupta empire	modeled after the mauryan but smaller	225
8821009968	Decentralized	The gupta empire had a highly ______ leadership	226
8821009969	Standing army	how did the gupta empire keep control	227
8821009970	Governors	Control outlying areas	228
8821009971	White Huns	frequent invasions from what group caused the decline of the Gupta empire	229
8821009972	16th century	When do you see much of the indian empire unite	230
8821009973	Mughal Empire	What 16th century empire united India.	231
8821009974	sati	a practice in india where the woman threw herself into her husband's wedding pyre	232