Chapter 5 APES Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5387530987 | ecosystem diversity | the variety of ecosystems within a given region | 0 | |
| 5387530988 | species diversity | the variety of species within a given ecosystem | 1 | |
| 5387530989 | genetic diversity | the variety of genes within a given species | 2 | |
| 5387530990 | species richness | the number of species in a given area | 3 | |
| 5387530991 | species evenness | the relative proportion of different species in a given area | 4 | |
| 5387530992 | microevolution | evolution occurring below the species level (genes) | 5 | |
| 5387530993 | macroevolution | evolution that gives rise to new species, genera, families, classes, or phlya | 6 | |
| 5387530994 | speciation | the evolution of new species | 7 | |
| 5387530995 | mutation | a random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process | 8 | |
| 5387530996 | artificial selection | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of humans selecting which individuals breed (with traits that are useful or aesthetically pleasing) | 9 | |
| 5387530997 | natural selection | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of the environment determining which individuals can survive and reproduce | 10 | |
| 5387530998 | fitness | an individual's ability to survive and reproduce | 11 | |
| 5387530999 | adaptation | a trait that improves an individual's fitness | 12 | |
| 5387531000 | geographic isolation | physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species | 13 | |
| 5387531001 | reproductive isolation | the result of two populations within a species evolving separately so they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring | 14 | |
| 5387531002 | genetically modified organism | an organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species | 15 | |
| 5387531003 | range of tolerance | the limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate | 16 | |
| 5387531004 | fundamental niche | the suite of ideal environmental conditions for a species, it includes abiotic factors such as temperature range, pH range, salinity, | 17 | |
| 5387531005 | realized niche | the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives | 18 | |
| 5387531006 | species distribution | the distribution of species' population among a region | 19 | |
| 5387531007 | niche generalist | a species that can live under a wide range of abiotic and biotic conditions | 20 | |
| 5387531008 | niche specialist | a species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat to feed on a small group of species | 21 | |
| 5387531009 | mass extinction | a large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time | 22 | |
| 5387531010 | sixth mass extinction | extinction rates vary from 2% to 25% of species going extinct by 2020 | 23 | |
| 5387531011 | background extinction | the average rate at which species become extinct over the long term | 24 | |
| 5387531012 | coevolution | process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other | 25 | |
| 5387531013 | resource partitioning | a situation in which two species divide a resource, based on differences in their behavior or morphology | 26 | |
| 5387531014 | competitive exclusion principle | two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist | 27 | |
| 7808577397 | genetic drift | change in genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating | 28 | |
| 7808630565 | bottleneck effect | a reduction in genetic diversity of a population caused by reduction in the size of the population, this can be from habitat loss or a disaster. | 29 | |
| 7808655874 | founder effect | a change genetic composition due to a few individuals starting a new population away from a mainland population | 30 | |
| 7808688035 | allopatric speciation | type of speciation that occurs when species become geographically isolated from each other and then reproductive isolation occurs over time. Darwins finches are thought to have evolved this way | 31 | |
| 7808708023 | sympatric speciation | type of speciation that occurs in the absence of geographic isolation. Usually involves polyploidy, which is when the number of chromosomes increases from two sets to 3,4,6 o r 7 sets. Plants like wheat, bananas or strawberries do this. | 32 | |
| 7808744082 | generalists | organisms that have broad diets and wide habitat requirements. example raccoon, cock roach | 33 | |
| 7808748834 | specialists | organisms that have specific diets or specific habitat requirements. For example a panda that can eat only eucalyptus leaves. | 34 |
AP palabras para comparar Flashcards
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| 5547418391 | a fin de cuentas | after all/anyway | 0 | |
| 5547421737 | como resultado | as a result | 1 | |
| 5547423551 | de la misma manera | in the same way | 2 | |
| 5547425005 | de otro modo | in the same way (modo) | 3 | |
| 5547426291 | de este modo | in this way | 4 | |
| 5547430073 | así como | just like | 5 | |
| 5547433475 | sin embargo | nevertheless | 6 | |
| 5547435012 | en cambio | on the other hand | 7 | |
| 5547438277 | así que | so that,thus,therefore | 8 | |
| 5547439873 | igual que | the same as | 9 | |
| 5547443355 | la fuente expresa la misma idea | the source expresses the same idea | 10 | |
| 5547446308 | esto demuestra que | this shows that | 11 | |
| 5547449933 | para concluir | to conclude | 12 | |
| 5547451245 | al contrario | to the contrary | 13 | |
| 5547452363 | a diferencia de | unlike | 14 |
AP Human Geography People Flashcards
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| 6652086054 | Sauer | Cultural Landscape | 0 | |
| 6652086055 | Blache and Bruntes | Regional Studies | 1 | |
| 6652086056 | Whittlesay | 11 major agricultural regions | 2 | |
| 6652086057 | Renfrew | Anatolian Hearth/ Sedentary Farmer Thesis | 3 | |
| 6652086058 | Gimbutas | Nomadic Warrior Thesis | 4 | |
| 6652086059 | Zelinsky | Migration Transition | 5 | |
| 6652086060 | Wallerstein | Core-periphery | 6 | |
| 6652086061 | Harris and Ullman | Multiple Nuclei | 7 | |
| 6652086062 | Spykman | Rimland Theory | 8 | |
| 6652086063 | Christaller | Central Place Theory | 9 | |
| 6652086064 | Mackinder | Heartland | 10 | |
| 6652086065 | Burgess | Concentric | 11 | |
| 6652086066 | von Thunen | Farming w/ concentric circles | 12 | |
| 6652086067 | Rostow | Development | 13 | |
| 6652086068 | Hoyt | Sector | 14 | |
| 6652086069 | Ratzell and Churchill | Possibilism | 15 | |
| 6652086070 | Tobler | All things are related, but near things are more related than far things | 16 | |
| 6652086071 | von Humbolt, Ritter, Huntington | Environmental Determinism | 17 | |
| 6652086072 | Janelle | Time Space Convergence | 18 | |
| 6652086073 | Meining | Core, domain, sphere | 19 | |
| 6652086074 | Harvey | Space-Time Compression | 20 | |
| 6652086075 | Thompson | Demographic Transition Model | 21 | |
| 6652086076 | Malthus | Population growth relating to food supply | 22 | |
| 6652086077 | Boserup | Critic of Malthusian theory | 23 | |
| 6652086078 | Snow | Epidemiologist | 24 | |
| 6652086079 | Ravenstein | Laws of Migration | 25 | |
| 6652086080 | Carey | Gravity Model | 26 | |
| 6652086081 | Lee | Push and pull factors, barriers to migration | 27 | |
| 6652086082 | Garreau | Nine nations of North America; edge cities | 28 | |
| 6652086083 | Hoebel | Culture is learned | 29 | |
| 6652086084 | Hartshorne | Evolution of Boundaries Antecedent - drawn before populated Superimposed - doesn't take into account existing ethnic groups Subsequent - drawn after populated Relict - boundary ceased to function | 30 | |
| 6652086085 | Mahan | Sea power theory | 31 | |
| 6652086086 | Borlaug | Green Revolution | 32 | |
| 6652086087 | Weber | Least Cost Theory: bulk reducing or gaining | 33 | |
| 6652086088 | Losch | Agglmoeration/Spatial Influence | 34 | |
| 6652086089 | Clark | Sectors of the economy | 35 | |
| 6652086090 | Hotelling | Locational Interdependence: location of an industry cannot be understood w/o reference to other industries of the same kind | 36 | |
| 6652086091 | Friedman | Stages of Economic Growth: pre industrial, industrial, post industrial economies result in interdependent system w/ no periphery | 37 | |
| 6652086092 | Brandt | North South Divide | 38 | |
| 6652086093 | Alonso | Bid rent theory explains how price and demand on real estate changes as the distance toward the CBD increases | 39 | |
| 6652086094 | Vance | Urban Realms Model: Edge Cities | 40 | |
| 6652086095 | Jefferson | Primate City and Rank Size Rule | 41 | |
| 6652086096 | Köppen | climate regions | 42 | |
| 6652086097 | Simon | (criticize-malthus) more people means more brains—the ability to think, solve problems, and create new technology to deal with the needed resources. | 43 | |
| 6652086098 | Engels | developed marxism with karl marx | 44 |
AP Biology Molecular Genetics Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5010774611 | Define DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; a double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule that determines the structure of proteins | 0 | |
| 5010774612 | Define chromosome | These consist of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones; located in the nucleus | 1 | |
| 5010774613 | Define euchromatin | The state of genetic material in its loose form in the nucleus | 2 | |
| 5010774614 | Define heterochromatin | The state of genetic material and its fully condensed coils | 3 | |
| 5010774615 | Define double helix | The structure of DNA where two strands wrap around each other to form a long, twisted ladder | 4 | |
| 5010774616 | Who are Watson & Crick? | These two scientists were the first to define the structure of a DNA molecule | 5 | |
| 5010774617 | Define nucleotide | The monomers of nucleic acid; the repeated subunits of DNA molecules. Each contains a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. | 6 | |
| 5010774618 | Define purine and give two examples | A nucleotide with a double-ringed nitrogenous base; the two in DNA are adenine and guanine | 7 | |
| 5010774619 | Define pyrimidine and give two examples | A nucleotide with a single-ringed nitrogenous base; the two in DNA are cytosine and thymine | 8 | |
| 5010774620 | Define phosphodiester bonds | Bonds that link nucleotides of a DNA strand together. The 3′ and 5′ carbons of sugars of two respective nucleotide subunits are linked together, and the phosphate group of the bottom nucleotide lies in between. | 9 | |
| 5010774621 | Define dioxyribose | The five-carbon sugar in a DNA nucleotide | 10 | |
| 5010774622 | Define the role of hydrogen bonds in DNA | This type of bond holds together the two DNA strands by linking complementary nitrogenous bases; this contributes to DNA's secondary structure, a double helix | 11 | |
| 5010774623 | Which bases are complements in DNA base pairing? | Adenine pairs with thymine Cytosine pairs with guanine | 12 | |
| 5010774624 | Define antiparallel | Running alongside but in an opposite orientation. The term is used to describe the relative orientation of the two strands of a DNA molecule, which run in opposite directions (5′ to 3′ and 3′ to 5′). | 13 | |
| 5010774625 | A-T and T-A requires how many H-bonds? | Two | 14 | |
| 5010774626 | C-G and G-C requires how many H-bonds? | Three | 15 | |
| 5010774627 | What is DNA main role? | Directing the manufacture of proteins | 16 | |
| 5010774628 | Define DNA replication | The copying of DNA to pass on information | 17 | |
| 5010774629 | Define conservative replication | A proposed mechanism for DNA replication that suggested replication resulted in a DNA molecule consisting of two new, and no parental, strands. The mechanism has been disproven. | 18 | |
| 5010774630 | Define dispersive replication | A proposed mechanism of DNA replication, suggesting that segments of both parental strands act as templates for a new strand. The resulting daughter strands contain a mixture of old and newly synthesized DNA. | 19 | |
| 5010774631 | Define semi-conservative replication | A model (born out by experimental evidence) for DNA replication in which each DNA strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. | 20 | |
| 5010774632 | Define the role of helicase | This enzyme unwinds our double helix into two strands | 21 | |
| 5010774633 | Define the role of DNA polymerase | This enzyme adds nucleotides to an existing strand | 22 | |
| 5010774634 | Define the role of ligase | This enzyme brings together the Okazaki fragments | 23 | |
| 5010774635 | Define the role of topoisomerase | This enzyme cuts and rejoins the helix | 24 | |
| 5010774636 | Define the role of RNA primase | This enzymes catalyzes the synthesis of RNA primers | 25 | |
| 5010774637 | Define origins of replication | The specific sites at which DNA replication begins | 26 | |
| 5010774638 | Define leading strand | During replication, the strand of DNA that is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork. | 27 | |
| 5010774639 | Define replication fork | One half of a replication bubble; a y-shaped structure on the DNA molecule along which replication takes place | 28 | |
| 5010774640 | Define replication bubble | A portion of the DNA molecule that has opened, providing a site for two replication forks. Multiple replication bubbles along the DNA molecule speed of the process of replication. | 29 | |
| 5010774641 | Define lagging strand | During replication, the DNA strand that grows discontinuously and in the direction opposite of the replication fork. | 30 | |
| 5010774642 | Define Okazaki fragments | The noncontinuous segments of newly synthesized DNA along the lagging strand | 31 | |
| 5010774643 | How is RNA different from DNA? | 1. RNA is single-stranded, not double stranded 2. The five-carbon sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose 3. The nitrogenous base uracil replaces the DNA base thymine | 32 | |
| 5010774644 | Define messenger RNA (mRNA) | The type of RNA that copies the information stored in the strand of DNA | 33 | |
| 5010774645 | Define ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | The type of RNA, produced in the nucleolus, that makes up part of the ribosomes | 34 | |
| 5010774646 | Define the role of a ribosome | These cellular organelles are the sites of protein synthesis | 35 | |
| 5010774647 | Define transfer RNA (tRNA) | The type of RNA that shuttles amino acids to the ribosomes;it functions as the translator from nucleotide into amino acid in protein synthesis | 36 | |
| 5010774648 | What are the three basic steps of protein synthesis? | 1. Transcription 2. RNA processing 3. Translation | 37 | |
| 5010774649 | Define transcription | The process of copying the genetic code from DNA into the form of mRNA | 38 | |
| 5010774650 | What are the three phases of both transcription and translation? | 1. Initiation 2. Elogation 3. Termination | 39 | |
| 5010774651 | Define promoter | A sequence of DNA nucleotides that signals where transcription will begin and where RNA polymerase binds | 40 | |
| 5010774652 | Define sense strand | The strand in transcription that serves as the template for mRNA | 41 | |
| 5010774653 | Define antisense strand | The strand in transcription that lies dormant, aka the one that is not being used to make mRNA | 42 | |
| 5010774654 | Define RNA polymerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of the mRNA strand during transcription | 43 | |
| 5010774655 | Define heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) | The newly made RNA molecule | 44 | |
| 5010774656 | Define exon | A coding segment in a eukaryotic gene | 45 | |
| 5010774657 | Define intron | Noncoding sequences within genes that are between 20-40 nucleotides long that exist in pairs of upside-down and backward versions of each other | 46 | |
| 5010774658 | Define spliceosome | An assembly of proteins and RNA that function in the removal of introns from an mRNA strand | 47 | |
| 5010774659 | Define poly(A) tail | The section of adenine nucleotides from 30-200 base pairs long that is added to the 3′ end of a newly synthesized mRNA strand for protection from degradation and to aid in export from the nucleus | 48 | |
| 5010774660 | Define mRNA processing | Final changes that are made in a mRNA strand, such as 5′ capping, adding a poly(A) tail, and removing segments of the strand | 49 | |
| 5010774661 | Define 5' cap | Methylated guanine nucleotide that is added to the 5′ end of a newly synthesized mRNA strand for protection from degradation | 50 | |
| 5010774662 | Define codon | A sequence of DNA, three nucleotides in length, that translates into a single amino acid | 51 | |
| 5010774663 | Define anticodon | A sequence of three nucleotides on a transfer RNA molecule that is complementary to a nucleotide sequence on a messenger RNA molecule; they are specific to the amino acid carried by tRNA | 52 | |
| 5010774664 | Define initiation | The beginning of translation, characterized by the formation of an initiation complex, the messenger RNA strand, a charged tRNA, and the small ribosomal subunit | 53 | |
| 5010774665 | What three binding sites do ribosomes contain? | An A site, a P site, and an E site | 54 | |
| 5010774666 | Define A site | The site for the attachment of new tRNA | 55 | |
| 5010774667 | Define P site | The site occupied by the initator tRNA; P stands for polypeptide | 56 | |
| 5010774668 | Define E site | The site for the exiting of tRNA | 57 | |
| 5010774669 | What is the codon for the initiation of protein synthesis? | A-U-G, which codes for the amino acid methionine | 58 | |
| 5010774670 | Define elongation | The addition of amino acids to mRNA | 59 | |
| 5010774671 | Define termination | The end of the synthesis of a polypeptide, caused by a stop codon | 60 | |
| 5010774672 | Define stop codon, and give three examples | Sequences of nucleotides on the messenger RNA strand, such as U-G-A, U-A-A, and U-A-G, that signal the end of translation | 61 | |
| 5010774673 | Define primary structure | The linear sequence of amino acids in a protein | 62 | |
| 5010774674 | Define secondary structure | The twisting of a polypeptide into either an alpha helix or beta-pleated sheets | 63 | |
| 5010774675 | Define tertiary structure | The folding of a polypeptide into a three-dimensional structure | 64 | |
| 5010774676 | Define quaternary structure | When two or more polypeptides get together | 65 | |
| 5010774677 | Define chaperon proteins (aka chaperonins) | Proteins that help other proteins fold properly and make the process of folding more efficient | 66 | |
| 5010774678 | Define mutation | A defect in the chromosome or changes in the normally occurring DNA sequence | 67 | |
| 5010774679 | Define base substitution (point) mutation | A mutation when one base is substituted for another | 68 |
AP Biology Photosynthesis Flashcards
Chapter 10 Vocabulary for AP Biology
Terms : Hide Images
| 5107740887 | Chlorophyll | Green Pigment Main photosynthetic pigmnet Absorbs primarily violet-blue and red wavelengths |  | 0 |
| 5107740888 | Mesophyll | primary site for photosynthesis the tissue in the interior of a leaf | 1 | |
| 5107740889 | Stomata | CO2 enters and O2 exits through these pores Bottom of a leaf | 2 | |
| 5107740890 | Vascular Tissue | veins which transport water from the roots and sugar from leaves to nonphotosynthesis parts of the plant. | 3 | |
| 5107740891 | Stroma | dense fluid within chloroplast | 4 | |
| 5107740892 | Thylakoids | dense interconnected membranous sacs |  | 5 |
| 5107740893 | Thylakoid Space | interior of a thylakoid | 6 | |
| 5107740894 | Thylakoid lumen | interior of a thylakoid | 7 | |
| 5107740895 | Grana | stacks of thylakoid | 8 | |
| 5107740896 | Granum | singular of grana | 9 | |
| 5107740897 | Chloroplast | sites of photosynthesis | 10 | |
| 5107740898 | Photosynthesis | conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar and other organic molecules |  | 11 |
| 5107740899 | Photosynthesis Equation | 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 | 12 | |
| 5107740900 | Carbon Dioxide | source of carbon and is considered inorganic carbon | 13 | |
| 5107740901 | Electromagnetic Spectrum | Electromagnetic Energy which travels in waves |  | 14 |
| 5107740907 | Colors | Light we see is reflected off objects and light we dont see is absorbed by objects | 15 | |
| 5107740910 | White | All colors reflected | 16 | |
| 5107740911 | Black | All colors absorbed | 17 | |
| 5107740914 | Chlorophyll a | main photosynthetic green pigment, absorbs primarily violet-blue and red wavelengths | 18 | |
| 5107740915 | Pigment | a molecule that absorbs wavelengths in the visible light spectrum | 19 | |
| 5107740918 | Carotenoid | absorbs blue and blue-green wavelengths Beta-Carotene; gives materials an orange color | 20 | |
| 5107740919 | Light Reactions | Occur in thylakoid membrane and are also called light dependent reactions | 21 | |
| 5107740920 | Photophosphorylation | Light is captured by pigments and used to convert ADP + Pi into ATP | 22 | |
| 5107740921 | Photosystem | Consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes | 23 | |
| 5107740922 | Light-Harvesting Complex | Contains chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids (within the photosystem) | 24 | |
| 5107740924 | Photosystem 1 | Has P700 chlorophyll a in reaction-center complex |  | 25 |
| 5107740925 | Photosystem 2 | Has P680 chlorophyll a in reaction-center complex | 26 | |
| 5107740928 | Cytochrome | Iron-containing carrier protein also found in mitochondrial electron transport (specific name of ETC protein) | 27 | |
| 5107740929 | Cyclic Electron Flow | Produces only ATP Takes place in thylakoid membrane Not as efficient as non-cyclic because no NADPH is produced Water is not split; O2 not produced Evolutionary Leftover | 28 | |
| 5107740930 | Lumen | Thylakoid Space | 29 | |
| 5107740931 | Calvin Cycle | Light-Independent reactions Occurs in stoma, does not use light directly |  | 30 |
| 5107740933 | Rubisco | The most abundant protein on Earth Carbon Fixation is catalyzed by Rubisco | 31 | |
| 5107740934 | Reduction | The carbon molecules made in Carbon Fixation are reduced into to G3P that can be used to make glucose or perform other processes | 32 | |
| 5107740935 | 1 Cycle of Calvin Cycle | 1 CO2 is fixed 3 ATP are used 2 NADPH are used 1 RuBP is regenerated 6 cycles needed to make 1 glucose molecule | 33 | |
| 5107740937 | C4 Photosynthesis | A method that bypasses photorespiration Happens in corn, sugarcane, and other plants in hot, dry environments Moves from mesophyll to bundle-sheath cells | 34 | |
| 5107740938 | CAM Photosynthesis | A method to bypass photorespiration Happens in water-storing plants such as cacti and pineapples At night stomata opens and carbon dioxide is taken in and is fixed into a variety of organic acids During the day, organic acids release CO2 and can be used for Calvin Cycle |  | 35 |
| 5107740939 | C3 Plant | Calvin cycle, taking in carbon dioxide through the leaves' minuscule pores, called stomata. An enzyme called RuBisCO helps the carbon dioxide combine with sugar. |  | 36 |
AP Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7440574749 | Mandate | the power to act that voters give to their elected leaders | 0 | |
| 7440574750 | political corruption | Is mainly the abuse of High power and authority by Government officials in order to accrue capital or gain personal benefits such as financial benefits | 1 | |
| 7440574751 | Bribery, Embezzlement, Kickbacks, Patronage | 4 examples | 2 | |
| 7440574752 | import substitution | Isang ekonomikong estratehiya na naglalayang ipanghalili ang mga produktong lokal sa mga produktong inaangkat mula sa ibang bansa | 3 | |
| 7440574753 | Bribery | The act or crime giving or accepting a bribe | 4 | |
| 7440574754 | Bribe | something valuable (such as money) that is given in order to get someone to do something | 5 | |
| 7440574755 | Embezzlement | to steal money that you have been trusted with | 6 | |
| 7440574756 | Kickbacks | an amount of money that is given to someone in return for providing help in a secret and dishonest business deals | 7 | |
| 7440574757 | patronage | support that is given to a business by buying it's goods or using it services | 8 | |
| 7440574758 | Kliyentelismo | Ito ay di pantay na palitan ng pabor o yaman Batay sa pananamantala ng mas mayaman o makapangyarihan sa iba | 9 | |
| 7440574759 | 10 |
ap Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9533325841 | 6 basic processes | ingestion, secretion of enzymes, motility (mixing), digestion, absorption, elimination | 0 | |
| 9533335418 | myenteric plexus | auerbachs plexus | 1 | |
| 9533338131 | submucosal plexus | meissners plexus | 2 | |
| 9533342391 | motor neuron | innervate the smooth muscle and secretions | 3 | |
| 9533357713 | interneurons | allow the plexuses to communicate | 4 | |
| 9533357714 | sensory neurons | send information to the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system and both plexuses | 5 | |
| 9533384422 | enteric nervous system | can function independtly of the cns | 6 | |
| 9533406794 | myenteric neurons | control gastric motility | 7 | |
| 9533409643 | submucosal neurons | control secretory cells | 8 | |
| 9533412726 | autonomic nervous system | helps control the ens | 9 | |
| 9533416618 | parasympathetic nerves | CNX, sacral spinal cord **increases gut motility | 10 | |
| 9533419712 | sympathetic nerves | thoracic and lumbar spinal cord **decreases gut motility | 11 | |
| 9533427632 | processess of mechanical digestion | mastication, deglutition and peristalsis and segmentation | 12 | |
| 9533465725 | mastication | chewing food, mixing it with saliva | 13 | |
| 9533468730 | degulation | oral stage-voluntary pharyngeal stage-involuntary esophageal stage- involuntary | 14 | |
| 9533479803 | deglutition center of the medulla | involuntary processes controlled by the | 15 | |
| 9533486043 | peristalis | wavelike ripple | 16 | |
| 9533661978 | chyme | done with prtistalic movments, mixes saliva ,food, gastric juice | 17 | |
| 9533961672 | micelles | Both lecithin and bile salts break down large drops of fat into smaller droplets called | 18 | |
| 9534519429 | Maltase, sucrase, lactase | break down disaccharides | 19 | |
| 9535117938 | cholecystokinin | secreted by cells of the small intestine(increase secretion of enzymes) | 20 |
AP Chemistry Solubility Rules Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5430431497 | nitrates, ammonium ion and group I metals | always soluble | 0 | |
| 5430431498 | acetates | soluble (silver acetate only slightly soluble), acetic acid is a weak acid so written molecularly | 1 | |
| 5430431500 | Halogens (Cl, Br, and I) | soluble except with Hg(I), Ag+, and Pb(II) | 2 | |
| 5430431506 | carbonates | insoluble except with group I and ammonium | 3 | |
| 5430431508 | hydroxides | insoluble except with group I, ammonium, Ca, Sr, and Ba | 4 | |
| 5430431509 | phosphates | insoluble except with group I and ammonium | 5 | |
| 7264447427 | Strong Acids | soluble, ionize 100%: HCl, HI, HBr, HNO3, H2SO4. HClO4 | 6 | |
| 7264454158 | Strong Bases | soluble, ionize 100%: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 | 7 | |
| 7264460601 | Substances that decompose into water and gas in solution | NH4OH → NH3 + H2O H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O H2SO3 → SO2 + H2O | 8 |
Ap Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9680141983 | La bandera | Flag | 0 | |
| 9680141984 | el cartel | poster | 1 | |
| 9680141985 | la computadora | computer | 2 | |
| 9680141986 | El disuete | Diskette | 3 | |
| 9680141987 | La mochila | Bookbag | 4 | |
| 9680141988 | La papelera | Wastepaper | 5 | |
| 9680141989 | el ratón | computer mouse | 6 | |
| 9680141990 | el reloj | clock | 7 | |
| 9680141991 | el sacapuntas | pencil sharpener | 8 | |
| 9680141992 | el teclado | keyboard | 9 |
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