| CourseNotes

AP World History Vocabulary Flashcards

4787884684	History	the study of past events, the era of writing	0
4787885479	Pre-History	any period before 300 B.C.E	1
4787885480	Archeology	The finding and Studying of fossils	2
4787886800	Field Work	Work conducted by a researcher in their natural environment	3
4787889216	Anthropology	The comparative study of human societies and culture and their development	4
4787890261	Neolithic Age	The new stone age, more advanced	5
4787890262	Paleolithic Age	The old stone age, less advanced	6
4787893067	Homo Sapiens Sapiens	the human species	7
4787894471	Neolithic Revolution	also known as the agricultural revolution. when the lifestyle went from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement.	8
4787894472	Hunting and Gathering	hunting wild animals like fish and gathering wild foods like berries, nuts, and vegetables.	9
4787897214	Bronze Age	The end of the Stone Age and the invention of metal.	10
4787899998	Catal Huyuk	Archeological site located in Turkey.	11
4790635386	Big History	The emerging of academic discipline which examines history from Big Bang to present.	12
4829071213	Aryans	nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system	13
4829071214	Nomads	people who wander from place to place	14
4829071215	Huns	large nomadic group from northern Asia who invaded territories extending from China to Eastern Europe. They virtually lived on their horses, herding cattle, sheep, and horses as well as hunting.	15
4829072144	Mesopotamia	A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.	16
4829072145	Sumerian	The name of the first culture in the world to develop cities.	17
4829073433	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.	18
4829073434	Ziggurats	temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped	19
4829074009	City states	Different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers	20
4829074614	Babylonians	extended their empire and helped bring civilization to other parts of the Middle East; famous for Hammurabi's Law Code	21
4829074615	Hammurabi	Amorite ruler of Babylon. He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases.	22
4829074616	Pharaoh	A ruler of ancient Egypt	23
4829075668	Pyramids	The Sumerians, Egyptians, and Americans all built different types of this kind of structure because they all had a heavily centralized governments with emperors who were seen as closely tied to religion or were even seen as gods.	24
4829075669	Kush	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile. They conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries.	25
4829075670	Indus river	A river that flows from Tibet, through the Himalayas and Hindu Kush into the Arabian Sea.	26
4829076538	Harappa	a large ancient city of the Indus civilization, created in present-day Pakistan	27
4829076539	Vedes	religious writings in india written in sanskrit	28
4829077408	Mahabharata	one of the two great epics of India, written in Sanskrit about 200	29
4829077409	Ramayana	one of two classical Hindu epics telling of the banishment of Rama from his kingdom and the abduction of his wife by a demon and Rama's restoration to the throne	30
4829078157	Upanishads	A major book in Hinduism that is often in the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised.	31
4829078158	Yellow River	Also known as the Huang-He. The second longest river in China. The majority of ancient Chinese civilizations originated in its valley.	32
4829079672	Pictographic/ Ideographic	a pictorial symbol for a word or phrase. used as the earliest known form of writing, examples having been discovered in Egypt and Mesopotamia.	33
4829079673	Shang Zhou	Set up a new economy that rearranged the kingdom affairs.	34
4829081644	Harappa and Mohenjo Daro	The civilization of the Indus River	35
4829081645	The Olmecs	Original Mesoamericans, Giant basalt heads, killed babies, human sacrifice to gods	36
4829083182	Chavin de Hauntar	First major culture in Peru	37

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Chapter 21 Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

9469580624	Which nation had the largest defense expenditure in 1987?	USA	0
9469580625	Nikita Khruschev:	publicly denounced Stalin	1
9469580626	Dwight Eisenhower felt that the military-industrial complex was America's best guarantee of freedom.	False	2
9469580627	The Korean War provided an economic boost for Japan.	True	3
9469580628	Between 1945 and 1948, the Soviet-controlled communist governments were established in all but which one of the following?	West Germany	4
9469580629	Which country did China describe as a "paper tiger"?	the United States	5
9469580630	The Korean War drove a wedge between the United States and many of its European allies because:	the American drive into North Korea was costly, belligerent, and provoked the Chinese	6
9469580631	Which country witnessed the greatest decrease in their expenditures from 1987 to 1997?	USSR	7
9481528336	Upon gaining independence, Congo/Zaire had a large and well-educated elite ready to guide the new nation.	False	8
9481528337	Soon after the United States left Vietnam, the communists were defeated.	False	9
9481528338	The Algerian Revolution:	nearly caused a civil war in France	10
9481528339	Gamal Abdel Nasser:	nationalized the Suez Canal	11
9481528340	This event brought the USSR and the United States the closest to nuclear war:	the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba	12
9481528341	The United States threatened to cut off Marshall Plan aid to which of the following to force them to withdraw from Indonesia?	The Dutch	13
9481528342	Initially, the United States got involved in Vietnam to support:	the South Vietnamese	14
9481528343	Decolonization was in part a consequence of the world wars and the global depression.	True	15
9481528344	Which of the following actions was NOT taken by Fidel Castro after he took power?	redistributed land to individual peasant families	16
9481528345	Colonel Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala:	wanted to force United Fruit Company to sell land to the government for the declared value on tax statements	17
9481528346	Of the following, which was NOT one of the third-world leaders to organize the Bandung Conference?	Zhou Enlai	18
9481528347	Rigoberta Menchu:	won the nobel peace prize	19
9481528348	In Central America, the US and the USSR supported opposing parties in guerrilla wars in all of the following countries, except:	Colombia	20
9481528349	Portugal's African colonies were given their independence primarily because:	The Portuguese dictator had been overthrownby democratic forces	21
9481528350	Which of the following African countries had the highest per-capita gross national product in 1994?	South Africa	22
9481528351	Nonaligned nations generally shared all of these goals EXCEPT:	Devaluation of traditonal civilizations	23
9481528352	Chile's Salvador Allende:	Was killed in a coup	24
9481528353	Of the following countries, which won independence first?	Togo	25
9493131645	Human population:	Is currently over 6 billion	26
9493131646	To the best of medical experts' knowledge, this disease has been totally eradicated:	Smallpox	27
9493131647	DDT:	Is toxic to animals	28
9493131648	Which of the following United Nations agencies oversees international trade?	WTO	29
9493131649	Japan's postwar constitution:	outlawed nuclear weapons on Japanese soil	30
9493131650	By 1980, Japan's per-capita income:	was approaching that of the US	31
9493131651	In 1991, the USSR:	dissolved, and was replaced by the Commonwealth of Independent States	32
9493131652	UN peacekeeping missions:	maintained peace between willing antagonists	33
9493131653	Mikhail Gorbachev	was more successful at glasnost then at perestroika	34

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Religions Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

10162265081	Why did we develop belief systems?	Because humans have always needed to understand natural phenomenon	0
10162265082	Polytheism	Belief in many gods	1
10162265083	Monotheism	Belief in one God	2
10162265084	Animism	-They practice nature worship -They believe that everything has a spirit -They communicated with and showed respect to ancestors. -It is practiced worldwide but mostly in Africa and the Americas.	3
10162265085	Shinto	A Japanese religion whose followers believe that all things in the natural world are filled with divine spirits -"Way of the Gods" -Founded around the year 500 BCE -The Emperor of Japan was considered to be divine and a direct descendant of the Sun Goddess.	4
10162265086	Hinduism	A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms. -Polytheistic -A result of cultural diffusion between the Aryans and other native people in India. -Practiced in India -The Vedas, Upanishads, etc.. were all significant writings.	5
10162265087	Atman	The spiritual oneness of the soul	6
10162265088	Brahman	The term for The Universal Soul in Hinduism.	7
10162265089	Moksha	The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.	8
10162265090	Samsara	The endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth	9
10162265091	Reincarnation	In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding Basically Samsara	10
10162265092	Karma	(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation	11
10162265093	Dharma	Fulfilling one's duty in life	12
10162265094	Ahisma	That all life is sacred	13
10162265095	Caste System	A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life	14
10162265096	Judaism	-A religion with a belief in one god (Monotheistic) -It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. -Practiced worldwide but most Jews are in Israel. -They have 10 commandments	15
10162265097	Buddhism	A religion founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama which teaches that the most important thing in life is to reach peace by ending suffering.	16
10162265098	The Four Noble Truths	The core of the Buddhist teaching. There is suffering. There is a cause to suffering. There is an end to suffering. The is a path out of suffering (the Noble 8-fold path). 1. Life is full of pain and suffering 2. human desire causes this suffering 3. By putting an end to desire, humans can end suffering 4. Humans can end desire by following the Eightfold Path	17
10162265099	The Eightfold Path	1. Know that suffering is caused by desire 2. Be selfless and love all life 3. Do not lie, or speak without a cause 4. Do not kill, steal, or commit other unrighteous acts 5. Do not do things which promote evil 6. Take effort to promote righteousness 7. Be aware of your physical actions, state of mind, and emotions. 8. Learn to meditate.	18
10162265100	Confucianism	A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.	19
10162265101	Five Relationships in Confucianism:	- Ruler to ruled - Father to Son - Older brother to Younger brother - Husband to Wife - Friend to Friend	20
10162265102	Three concepts needed to be practiced:	Ren or Jen: human kindness Li: a sense of propriety, courtesy, respect, and deference to elders Xiao: Filial Piety	21
10162265103	Taoism or Daoism	an ideology whose central theme is the Way, a philosophy teaching that eternal happiness lies in total identification with nature and deploring passion, unnecessary invention; simple life of individuals -Ying and Yang is used to illustrate the natural harmony in the world.	22
10162265104	Christianity	A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. -Also has the Ten Commandments -Believe in the Holy Trinity Christians take part in sacraments.	23
10162265105	The Holy Trinity	The Creator (Father), Redeemer (Son), and the Sustainer (Holy Spirit)	24
10162265106	Sacraments	Religious practices such as baptism and receiving the Eucharist. There are 7 sacraments in total.	25
10162265107	Islam	A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.	26
10162265108	The Five Pillars of Islam	1. Confession of Faith 2. Prayer 3. Charity 4. Fasting 5. Pilgrimage	27
10162265109	Zoroastrianism	- A dualistic faith, this means they believe in two gods representing good and evil -It was very important during the Sassanid Persian Dynasty.	28
10162265110	Legalism	Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws	29

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Flashcards

Final

Terms : Hide Images

8382966835	Printing	Used to make paper money	0
8382966836	Ali	Last of rightly guided caliphs	1
8382966837	Songhai Empire	Last great west African empire	2
8382966838	Kumiss	Fermented mares milk	3
8382966839	Khadija	Wealthy widow who married Muhammad	4
8382966840	Gunpowder	Never weaponized well in China	5
8382966841	Grand Canal	Connected north and south china	6
8382966842	Mecca	Holy city of Islam	7
8382966843	Paper money	Too much of this causes inflation	8
8382966844	Sufis	Mystic muslims who helped Islam spread	9
8382966845	Tale of Genji	Written by Murasaki Shikibu	10
8382966846	Sharia	Islamic law	11
8382966847	Sui	Dynasty that built the grand canal	12
8382966848	Muhammad	Prophet of Islam	13
8382966849	Jihad	Islamic holy war	14
8382966850	Yang Jian	Founder of the sui	15
8382966851	Delhi	Sultanate created by Mahmudof Ghanzi	16
8382966852	Yuan	Mongol dynasty in china	17
8382966853	Timbuktu	Malian center of learning	18
8382966854	Harun al-Rashid	Led Islamic golden age	19
8382966855	Shogun	Military ruler of Japan	20
8382966856	Shinto	traditional Japanese religion	21
8382966857	Madrasas	Islamic schools	22
8382966858	Dhows	Islamic trading vessels in Indian Ocean	23
8382966859	Chan	Like Mahayana but in Chinese	24
8382966860	Abu Bakr	first of the rightly guided caliphs	25
8382966861	Yang	Dynasty that replaced the Sui dynasty Taizong greatest tang emperor	26
8382966862	Bushido	Japanese warrior code	27
8382966863	Axum	Christian Ethiopian kingdom	28
8382966864	Marco Polo	Venetian explorer of china	29
8382966865	Hegria	Muhammads flight Mecca to Medina	30
8382966866	Sunni	Majority group in Islam	31
8382966867	Flying cash	Promissory notes issued by bank	32
8382966868	Mansa Musa	African king who gave away gold	33
8382966869	Alu gazali	Most noted Sufi teacher	34
8382966870	Relevation	Given to Muhammad by an angel	35
8382966871	Shia	Followers of Ali	36
8382966872	Fast ripening rice	Found in Vietnam	37
8382966873	Seljuks	Took over Baghdad in 1055	38
8382966874	Tamerlane	Built empire at Samarkand	39
8382966875	Kabba	Shrine rededicated by Muhammad	40
8382966876	Dear al Islam	House of Islam	41
8382966877	Kubilai Khan	Greatest yuan emperor	42
8382966878	Ottoman Empire	Weakened by the Byzantine empire in 1204	43
8382966879	Porcelain	Fine Chinese export	44
8382966880	Jurchens	Took north china from song	45
8382966881	Karakorum	Capital built by Genghis Khan	46
8382966882	Minamoto	Set up the Kaamakura shogunate	47
8382966883	Nestorians	Type of Christian in china	48
8382966884	Ghaznavid	Turks led by Mahmud invade India	49
8382966885	Quran	Holy book of Islam	50
8382966886	Kowtow	Ritual bowing to Chinese emperor	51
8382966887	Song	Deemphasized the military	52
8382966888	Five pillars	Core Islamic beliefs	53
8382966889	Nara	Japan period most influenced by china	54
8382966890	Neo Confucianism	Started by Zhu xi	55
8382966891	Compass	Called the south pointing needle	56
8382966892	Mani	Prophet who believed Buddha and Jesus	57
8382966893	Yurts	Portable mongol tents	58
8382966894	Mali	Kingdom ruled by mansa musa	59
8382966895	Gold and salt	Trade network of west Africa	60
8382966896	Umma	Community of muslims	61
8382966897	Umayyads	Discriminated against non arabs	62
8382966898	Abbasid Empire	Conquered the Umayyads in 750	63
8382966899	Tughril	First Turkish sultan	64
8382966900	Footbinding	Showed male dominance in china	65
8382966901	Samurai	Japanese version of knights	66
8382966902	Damascus	Umayyad capital	67
8382966903	Merit	Chinese bureaucracy based on this	68
8382966904	Mahayana	Greater vehicle popular in china	69
8382966905	Caliph	Ruled in place of Muhammad	70
8382966906	Zimbabwe	Southern African kingdom	71
8382966907	An Lushan	Led rebellion against the tang	72
8382966908	Ottoman Empire	Conquered Constantinople 1453	73
8382966909	Swahili	Combination of Bantu and Arabic	74
8382966910	Heian	Early Japanese golden age	75
8382966911	Yathrib	City that becomes medina	76
8382966912	Al Andalus	Islamic Spain	77
8382966913	Hadith	Stories of the life of Muhammad	78
8382966914	Hajj	Pilgrimage to Mecca	79
8382966915	Talas river	Defeat of the tang by abbasids	80

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7356592601	The Gupta Empire	-expanded through conquest and marriage alliances -allowed rajas to remain in power as long as they paid tribute -declined as invasions by white huns overwhelmed the ability of this decentralized state to coordinate its defense	0
7356671115	The Mauryan Empire	-Chandragupta Maurya used his kingdom's location on ganges river to control/tax trade to build a large army -empire was divided into provinces=easier to control -ashoka promoted Theravada buddhism to unite people under one belief system	1
7356707035	Han Dynasty	-emperor Han Wudi created confucian academy to train a highly educated bureaucracy (civil service exam) -fought with the Xiongnu in central asia to extend control of silk roads -peasant rebellions (yellow turban uprising) weakened the state	2
7356764607	Qin Dynasty	-placed bureaucrats in charge of provinces instead of nobles -used legalism(absolute authority of ruler and strict group punishments) -united defensive walls in north to protect against invasions(great wall)	3
7356865198	Social structure of classical china	-upper class; wealth was based on land ownership -middle class; consisted of artisans, small landholders, and merchants -lower class;landless peasants provided agricultural/military labor to nobles and in return were provided protection/small part of land	4
7357004295	Zhou dynasty	-used mandate of heaven to legitimize their rule -spirits would indicate when a dynasty no longer had their favor to rule(natural disasters, invasions, etc.) -declined when friends/family used control of provinces to build up personal power and rebel	5
7357038855	social structure of classical india	-early caste system was used as a way to differentiate between dravidians and aryans once they began to intermingle -Jati developed as trade/wealth increased, it was a specialized sub-caste -families were patriarchal	6

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Chapter 14 Vocabulary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

8637159343	African Diaspora	Name given to the spread of African peoples across the Atlantic via the slave trade.	0
8637159344	Benin	West African kingdom (in what is now Nigeria) whose strong kings sharply limited engagement with the slave trade.	1
8637159345	British / Dutch East India companies	Private trading companies chartered by the governments of England and the Netherlands around 1600; they were given monopolies on Indian Ocean trade, including the right to make war and to rule conquered peoples.	2
8637159346	Dahomey	West African kingdom that became strong through its rulers' exploitation of the slave trade.	3
8637159347	Ayuba Suleiman Diallo	Sold into slavery in West Africa and transported to work on a plantation in Maryland in 1730, this well-educated Muslim (1700-1773) became a celebrity in England because of his life story. He returned to his home in West Africa in 1734 after philanthropists brought his freedom.	4
8637159348	Indian Ocean commercial network	The massive, interconnected web of commerce in premodern times between the lands that bordered on the Indian Ocean (including East Africa, India, and Southeast Asia); the network was badly disrupted by Portuguese intrusion beginning around 1500.	5
8637159349	Potosi	City that developed high in the Andes (in present-day Bolivia) at the site of the world's largest silver mine and that became the largest city in the Americas, with a population of some 160,000 in the 1570s.	6
8637159350	Silver Drain	Term often used, along with "specie drain" to describe the siphoning of money from Europe to pay for the luxury products of the East, a process exacerbated by the fact that Europe had few trade goods that were desirable in Eastern markets; eventually, the bulk of the world's silver supply made its way to China.	7
8637159351	Soft Gold	Nicknames used in early modern period for animal furs, highly valued for their warmth and as symbols of elite status; in several regions, the fur trade generated massive wealth for those engaged in it.	8
8637159352	Philippines (Spanish)	An archipelago of Pacific islands colonized by Spain in a relatively bloodless process that extended for the century or so after 1565, a process accompanied by a major effort at evangelization; the Spanish named them the Philippine Islands in honor of King Philip II of Spain.	9
8637159353	Tokugawa shogunate	Military rulers of Japan who successfully unified Japan politically by the early seventeenth century and established a "closed door" policy toward European encroachments.	10
8637159354	Trading post empire	Form of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on control of subject peoples.	11

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Dates Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

8442933237	476	Fall of Rome	0
8442934561	550-610	Grand Canal built in China	1
8442936427	610	Mohammed receives revelations	2
8442937839	622	Hijira	3
8442939839	1096	first crusade	4
8442940899	1100	Invention of gunpowder	5
8442942889	1260	Kublai Khan conquers China	6
8442944483	1324	Mansa Musa pilgrimage	7
8442945774	1350	Plague strikes Europe	8
8442947467	1405	Zenghe Ho expeditions; Ming dynasty	9
8442950064	1453	fall of Constantinople by Ottomans; Italian renaissance	10
8442955319	1492	reconquest of Iberia; Columbus sails	11
8442956898	1500-1600	commercial revolution in Europe; 1600 Br. E India Co.	12
8442966620	1526-1757	Mughal Empire	13
8442967448	1517	Martin Luther posts 95 theses	14
8442976599	1545-1565	Council of Trent-Catholic Reformation	15
8442977792	1571	Battle of Lepanto	16
8442978768	1648	Treaty of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War	17
8442981118	1640-1853	Japanese isolation	18
8442982398	1690-1776	Enlightenment- Locke to Adam Smith	19
8442986993	1644	Manchus (Qing) dynasty	20
8442988458	1763	Treaty of Paris	21
8442989812	1776	Am. Revolution; Adam Smith Wealth of Nations	22
8442992577	1789	French Revolution	23
8442994370	1792	Haitian Revolution	24
8442995078	1848	Communist Manifesto; Revolutions in Europe	25
8442998102	1869	Suez Canal built	26

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Strayer Chapter 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7277924151	Dreamtime	A complex worldview of Australia's Aboriginal peopel that held that current humans live in an echo of ancestral happenings	0
7277924152	Clovis Culture	The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of North America; named from the Clovis point, a particular kind of projectile point	1
7277924153	Megafaunal Extinction	The dying-out of a number of large animal species, including the mammoth and several species of horses and camels; occured around 11,000-10,000 years ago at the end of the Ice Age. The extinction may have been caused by excessive hunting or by the changing of climate of the era	2
7277924154	Austronesian Migrations	The last phase of the great human migration that established a human presence in every habitable region of the earth. Austronesian-speaking people settled the Pacific island and Madagascar in a series of seaborne migrations that began around 3,500 years ago	3
7277924155	shamans	In many early societies, a person believed to have the ability to act as a leasion between living humans and supernatural forces, often by means of trances induced by psychoactive drugs	4
7277924156	trance dance	In San culture, a nightlong ritual held to activate a human being's innter spiritual potency [n/um] to counteract the evil influences of gods and ancestors. The practice was apparently common to the Khoisan people, of whom the Jo/'hoansi are a surviving remnant	5
7277924157	Paleolithic settling down	The process by which some Paleolithic peoples moved toward permanent settlement in the wake of the last Ice Age. Settlement was marked by increasing storage of food and accumulation of goods, as well as growing inequalities in society	6
7277924158	Gobekli Tepe	oldest religious structure. made by hunter gathers. Indicates that religion came before organization of labor, settlement and agriculture	7
7277924159	Fertile Crescent	A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates	8
7277924160	Teosinte	a wild grass found in the highlands of Mexico, is the wild ancestor of maize	9
7277924161	Diffusion	Is the process by which a characterictic spreads	10
7277924162	Bantu Migrations	(1500BCE to 500CE) As the Bantu people migrated, they spread the Bantu family of languages and culture. The Bantu also spread the use of iron, which improved farming techniques and agricultural efficiency, the greater food supply sparked economic development and population growth. The changes instigated by the Bantu migration increased the vitality of sub-Saharan Africa.	11
7277924163	Ishi	The last the Yali people found in northern California in 1951. He is a good example of how the growth of agricultural societies led to the collapse of gathering and hunting communities.	12
7277924164	"secondary products revolution"	A term used to describe the series of technological changes that began c.a. 4000 B.C.E., as people began to develop new uses for their domesticated animals, exploiting a revolutionary new source of power. Examples: milk, transportation, wool, hunting help, glue, muscle power, eggs, blood, feathers, bones, ivory, manure/fertilizer, and hides/fur.	13
7277924165	Pastoral Societies	Based on the domestication of animals and use their products as main source of food. Groups move where there is foods but they are more settlers than nomads. Independent and warlike.	14
7277924166	Catalhuyuk	Good example of agricultural village society. Social structure, buried dead, many people, well built houses, specialization.	15
7277924167	Chiefdoms	A society that is led by a ruler of decent, but seldom used force to lead their people. They relied on generosity, charisma, and leadership to rule.	16
7277924168	Paleolithic Rock Art	The hundreds of Paleolithic painting discovered in Spain and France, dating to about 20,000 years ago; these paintings depict a range of animals, although human figures and abstract designs are also found.	17
7277924169	Neanderthals	Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, a European varient of Homo sapiens that died out about 25,000 years ago	18
7277969086	"the original affluent society"	Term coined by the scholar Marshall Sahlins in 1972 to describe Paleolithic societies, which he regarded as affluent not because they had so much but because they wanted or needed so little.	19
7277973558	Venus figurines	Paleolithic carvings of the female form, often with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips, and stomachs, which may have had religious significance.	20