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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 4 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 4 Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, 1754-1774

7541781094	Patrick Henry	Young Virginian lawyer who coined the phrase "No taxation without representation" in his speech to the House of Burgesses. (p. 73)	0
7541781095	Stamp Act Congress	Representatives from nine colonies met in New York in 1765 and decided that only their own elected representatives had the power to approve taxes. (p. 73)	1
7541781096	Sons and Daughters of Liberty	Secret society organized to intimidated tax agents. Sometimes they destroyed revenue stamps and tarred and feathered tax collectors. (p. 73)	2
7541781097	John Dickinson; Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania	In 1767 and 1768, he argued that the idea of no taxation without representation, was an essential principle of English law. (p. 74)	3
7541781098	Samuel Adams	In 1768, he was one of the authors of the the Massachusetts Circular Letter which urged colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. (p. 74)	4
7541781099	James Otis	In 1768, he was one of the authors of the the Massachusetts Circular Letter which urged colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. (p. 74)	5
7541781100	Massachusetts Circular Letter	In 1768, this document was distributed to every colonial legislature. It urged the colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. (p. 74)	6
7541781101	Committees of Correspondence	Initiated by Samuel Adams in 1772, these letters spread news of suspicious or threatening acts by the British throughout the colonies. (p. 74)	7
7541781102	Intolerable Acts	Colonist name for the Coercive Acts of 1774, a series of acts created to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party. (p. 75) - Port Act - Massachusetts Government Act - Administration of Justice Act - Expansion of Quartering Act	8
7541781103	George III	In the 1760s, he was the King of England. (p. 71)	9
7541781104	Whigs	In the 1760s, this was the dominant political party in Parliament that wanted the American colonies to bear more of the cost of maintaining the British empire. (p. 71)	10
7541781105	Parliament	The legislative house of Great Britain. (p. 71)	11
7541781106	salutary neglect	Great Britain had exercised little direct control over the colonies and did not enforce its navigation laws. This changed after the French and Indian War, as the British adopted more forceful policies for taking control of the colonies. (p. 71)	12
7541781107	Lord Frederick North	New prime minister of Britain who convinced Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts in 1770 leaving only a small tax on tea (p. 74)	13
7541781108	Pontiac's Rebellion	In 1763, American Indian chief Pontiac led a major attack against the colonial settlements on the western frontier. The British did not rely on colonial forces, but instead sent their army to deal with the rebellion. This led to the creation of the Proclamation of 1763. (p. 72)	14
7541781109	Proclamation Act of 1763	This proclamation prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British hoped it would prevent violence between Native Americans and colonists. The colonists were angry and disobeyed the law, moving to the west of the imaginary boundary in large numbers. (p. 72)	15
7541781110	Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)	War fought in the colonies from 1754 to 1763 between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio River Valley area. The English won the war and the Peace of Paris was negotiated in 1763. (p. 70) - "the first world war"- wiston churchill	16
7541781111	Albany Plan of Union	The British government called for representatives from several colonies to meet in Albany, New York in 1754, to provide for an inter-colonial government to recruit troops and collect taxes. Each colony was too jealous of its own taxation powers to accept the plan. (p. 70)	17
7541781112	Edward Braddock	In 1755, this general led an army from colonial Virginia, to attack the French near Ft. Duquesne. More than 2,000 of his British and colonial troops were defeated by a smaller force of French and American Indians. (p. 70)	18
7541781113	George Washington	He led a small militia from the Virginia colony, to halt the completion of the French fort in the Ohio River Valley, Fort Duquesne. In July 1974, he was forced to surrender to a superior force of Frenchmen and their American Indian allies. This was the beginning of the French and Indian War. (p. 70)	19
7541781114	Peace of Paris	Peace treaty signed to end the French and Indian War (The Seven Years' War) in 1763. Great Britain gained French Canada and Spanish Florida. France gave Spain its western territory, gave Britain unchallenged supremacy in North America (p. 71)	20
7541781115	Sugar Act	A 1764 British act which placed duties on foreign sugar and other luxuries. Its primary purpose was to raise money for the English Crown. (p. 72)	21
7541781116	Quartering ACT	This 1765 act required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers. (p. 72)	22
7541781117	Stamp Act	This 1765 act required that revenue stamps be placed on almost all printed paper, such as legal documents, newspapers, and pamphlets. This was the first tax paid directly by the colonists, rather than merchants. Boycotts were effective in repealing this act. (p. 72)	23
7541781118	Declaratory Act	In 1766, Parliament declared that it had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever. (p. 73)	24
7541781119	Townshend Acts	In 1767, Parliament enacted new taxes to be collected on imports of tea, glass, and paper. It also created the writs of assistance, which was a general license to search for smuggled goods anywhere. (p. 73)	25
7541781120	Writs of Assistance	A general license to search anywhere. (p. 73)	26
7541781121	Tea Act	In 1773, Parliament passed this act which taxed imported tea. The result was that British tea was even cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea. (p. 75)	27
7541781122	Coercive Acts	In 1774, after the Boston Tea Party, Great Britain created four Coercive Acts to punish the people of Boston and Massachusetts. (p. 75)	28
7541781123	Port Act	One of the Coercive Acts, which closed the port of Boston, prohibiting trade in and out of the harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for. (p. 75)	29
7541781124	Massachusetts Government Act	One of the Coercive Acts, which reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor. (p. 75)	30
7541781125	Administration of Justice Act	One of the Coercive Acts, which allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England instead of the colonies. (p. 75)	31
7541781126	Quebec Act	In 1774, this act organized the Canadian lands gained from France (Quebec). It established Roman Catholicism as the official religion, set up a government without a representative assembly, and set the Quebec border further south, at the Ohio River. (p. 75)	32
7541781127	Enlightenment	A European movement in literature and philosophy; used human reasoning to solve problems. (p. 76)	33
7541781128	Deism	Believe that God established natural laws in creating the universe, but that the role of divine intervention in human affairs was minimal. (p. 77)	34
7541781129	Rationalism	Trusted human reason to solve the many problems of life and society; emphasized reason, science, and respect for humanity. (p. 77)	35
7541781130	John Locke	English philosopher who said that all people have rights, simply because they are human and that people have a right and a responsibility to revolt against any government that failed to protect their rights. (p. 77)	36
7541781131	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	French philosopher who had a profound influence on educated Americans in the 1760s and 1770s. (p. 77)	37
7542801013	Queen Anne's War	British gained Nova Scotia and trading rights in Spanish America	38
7542805174	King George's War	- James Olgethorpe lead Georgia army against the french, won Louis berg but had to give it back due to treaty	39

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AP US History: First 13 Colonies in order Flashcards

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7135755622	1. 1607	Virginia	0
7135755804	2. 1626	New York	1
7135756059	3. 1630	Massachusetts	2
7135756060	4. 1633	Maryland	3
7135756061	5. 1636	Rhode Island	4
7135756062	6. 1636	Connecticut	5
7135756181	7. 1638	New Hampshire	6
7135756182	8. 1638	Delaware	7
7135756183	9. 1653	North Carolina	8
7135756184	10. 1663	South Carolina	9
7135756390	11. 1664	New Jersey	10
7135756391	12. 1682	Pennsylvania	11
7135756542	13. 1732	Georgia	12

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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 4 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 4 Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest, 1754-1774

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5783391898	Patrick Henry	Young Virginian lawyer who coined the phrase "No taxation without representation" in his speech to the House of Burgesses. (p. 73)	0
5783391899	Stamp Act Congress	Representatives from nine colonies met in New York in 1765 and decided that only their own elected representatives had the power to approve taxes. (p. 73)	1
5783391900	Sons and Daughters of Liberty	Secret society organized to intimidated tax agents. Sometimes they destroyed revenue stamps and tarred and feathered tax collectors. (p. 73)	2
5783391901	John Dickinson; Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania	In 1767 and 1768, he argued that the idea of no taxation without representation, was an essential principle of English law. (p. 74)	3
5783391902	Samuel Adams	In 1768, he was one of the authors of the the Massachusetts Circular Letter which urged colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. (p. 74)	4
5783391903	James Otis	In 1768, he was one of the authors of the the Massachusetts Circular Letter which urged colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. (p. 74)	5
5783391904	Massachusetts Circular Letter	In 1768, this document was distributed to every colonial legislature. It urged the colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. (p. 74)	6
5783391905	Committees of Correspondence	Initiated by Samuel Adams in 1772, these letters spread news of suspicious or threatening acts by the British throughout the colonies. (p. 74)	7
5783391906	Intolerable Acts	Colonist name for the Coercive Acts of 1774, a series of acts created to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party. (p. 75)	8
5783391907	George III	In the 1760s, he was the King of England. (p. 71)	9
5783391908	Whigs	In the 1760s, this was the dominant political party in Parliament that wanted the American colonies to bear more of the cost of maintaining the British empire. (p. 71)	10
5783391909	Parliament	The legislative house of Great Britain. (p. 71)	11
5783391910	salutary neglect	Great Britain had exercised little direct control over the colonies and did not enforce its navigation laws. This changed after the French and Indian War, as the British adopted more forceful policies for taking control of the colonies. (p. 71)	12
5783391911	Lord Frederick North	New prime minister of Britain who convinced Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts in 1770. (p. 74)	13
5783391912	Pontiac's Rebellion	In 1763, American Indian chief Pontiac led a major attack against the colonial settlements on the western frontier. The British did not rely on colonial forces, but instead sent their army to deal with the rebellion. This led to the creation of the Proclamation of 1763. (p. 72)	14
5783391913	Proclamation Act of 1763	This proclamation prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British hoped it would prevent violence between Native Americans and colonists. The colonists were angry and disobeyed the law, moving to the west of the imaginary boundary in large numbers. (p. 72)	15
5783391914	Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)	War fought in the colonies from 1754 to 1763 between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio River Valley area. The English won the war and the Peace of Paris was negotiated in 1763. (p. 70)	16
5783391915	Albany Plan of Union	The British government called for representatives from several colonies to meet in Albany, New York in 1754, to provide for an inter-colonial government to recruit troops and collect taxes. Each colony was too jealous of its own taxation powers to accept the plan. (p. 70)	17
5783391916	Edward Braddock	In 1755, this general led an army from colonial Virginia, to attack the French near Ft. Duquesne. More than 2,000 of his British and colonial troops were defeated by a smaller force of French and American Indians. (p. 70)	18
5783391917	George Washington	He led a small militia from the Virginia colony, to halt the completion of the French fort in the Ohio River Valley, Fort Duquesne. In July 1974, he was forced to surrender to a superior force of Frenchmen and their American Indian allies. This was the beginning of the French and Indian War. (p. 70)	19
5783391918	Peace of Paris	Peace treaty signed to end the French and Indian War (The Seven Years' War) in 1763. Great Britain gained French Canada and Spanish Florida. France gave Spain its western territory. (p. 71)	20
5783391919	Sugar Act	A 1764 British act which placed duties on foreign sugar and other luxuries. Its primary purpose was to raise money for the English Crown. (p. 72)	21
5783391920	Quartering ACT	This 1765 act required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers. (p. 72)	22
5783391921	Stamp Act	This 1765 act required that revenue stamps be placed on almost all printed paper, such as legal documents, newspapers, and pamphlets. This was the first tax paid directly by the colonists, rather than merchants. Boycotts were effective in repealing this act. (p. 72)	23
5783391922	Declaratory Act	In 1766, Parliament declared that it had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever. (p. 73)	24
5783391923	Townshend Acts	In 1767, Parliament enacted new taxes to be collected on imports of tea, glass, and paper. It also created the writs of assistance, which was a general license to search for smuggled goods anywhere. (p. 73)	25
5783391924	Writs of Assistance	A general license to search anywhere. (p. 73)	26
5783391925	Tea Act	In 1773, Parliament passed this act which taxed imported tea. The result was that British tea was even cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea. (p. 75)	27
5783391926	Coercive Acts	In 1774, after the Boston Tea Party, Great Britain created four Coercive Acts to punish the people of Boston and Massachusetts. (p. 75)	28
5783391927	Port Act	One of the Coercive Acts, which closed the port of Boston, prohibiting trade in and out of the harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for. (p. 75)	29
5783391928	Massachusetts Government Act	One of the Coercive Acts, which reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor. (p. 75)	30
5783391929	Administration of Justice Act	One of the Coercive Acts, which allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England instead of the colonies. (p. 75)	31
5783391930	Quebec Act	In 1774, this act organized the Canadian lands gained from France (Quebec). It established Roman Catholicism as the official religion, set up a government without a representative assembly, and set the Quebec border further south, at the Ohio River. (p. 75)	32
5783391931	Enlightenment	A European movement in literature and philosophy; used human reasoning to solve problems. (p. 76)	33
5783391932	Deism	Believe that God established natural laws in creating the universe, but that the role of divine intervention in human affairs was minimal. (p. 77)	34
5783391933	Rationalism	Trusted human reason to solve the many problems of life and society; emphasized reason, science, and respect for humanity. (p. 77)	35
5783391934	John Locke	English philosopher who said that all people have rights, simply because they are human and that people have a right and a responsibility to revolt against any government that failed to protect their rights. (p. 77)	36
5783391935	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	French philosopher who had a profound influence on educated Americans in the 1760s and 1770s. (p. 77)	37

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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 3 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 3 Colonial Society in the 18th Century

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5783391634	English cultural domination	In the 18th century, cultural life in the colonies was dominated by English culture. Architecture, painting, and literature were strongly influenced by the English. (p. 50)	0
5783391635	Benjamin West	Painter who went to England to acquire the necessary training and financial support to establish himself as a prominent artist. (p. 51)	1
5783391636	John Copley	Painter who went to England to acquire the necessary training and financial support to establish himself as a prominent artist. (p. 51)	2
5783391637	Benjamin Franklin	He was the most popular and successful American writer of the 18th century. (p. 51)	3
5783391638	Poor Richard's Almanack	Written by Benjamin Franklin, this book written in 1732 and annually revised, contained aphorisms and advice. (p. 51)	4
5783391639	Phillis Wheatley	Her poetry is noteworthy for her triumph over slavery and the quality of her verse. (p. 51)	5
5783391640	John Bartram	Self-taught botanist from Philadelphia. (p. 51)	6
5783391641	professions; religion, medicine, law	Ministers, physicians, and lawyers were all respected careers in the 18th century colonies. (p. 52)	7
5783391642	religious toleration	The overwhelming majority of colonists were Protestants. Jews, Catholics, and Quakers suffered from the most serious discrimination and even persecution. (p. 49)	8
5783391643	established church	Churches that were financed by the government. (p. 49)	9
5783391644	Great Awakening	This religious movement was at its peak in the 1730s and 1740s. It was characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people. (p. 49)	10
5783391645	Jonathan Edwards	This reverend from Massachusetts argued that God was rightfully angry with human sinfulness. Those who repented could be saved by God's grace, but those who did not would suffer eternal damnation. (p. 49)	11
5783391646	George Whitefield	He came to the colonies from England in 1739. He spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies, sometime attracting crowds of 10,000 people. His sermons stressed that God was all powerful and would save only those who openly professed belief in Jesus Christ. He taught that ordinary people could understand scripture without depending on ministers to lead them. (p. 50)	12
5783391647	Cotton Mather	This minister from Massachusetts, was the author of several widely read religious tracts. (p. 51)	13
5783391648	sectarian	The first colonial colleges were sectarian, meaning they promoted the doctrines of a particular religion. The Puritans founded Harvard in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1636. (p. 51)	14
5783391649	nonsectarian	In the mid 18th century, one nonsectarian colleges was founded. The College of Philadelphia (later University of Pennsylvania) was founded, with no religious sponsors. (p. 52)	15
5783391650	subsistence farming	In the mid 18th century the colonies had little manufacturing and were devoted almost entirely to agriculture. In New England colonies, most farms were under 100 acres and farming was limited to subsistence levels that provided just enough for a farm family to survive. In the southern colonies, most people lived on small subsistence family farms with no slaves. (p. 48)	16
5783391651	J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur	In 1782, this Frenchman wrote , "America is a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. From involuntary idleness, servile dependence, and useless labor, he has passed to toils of a very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence. This is an American." (p. 45)	17
5783391652	colonial families	In the mid 18th century, there was an abundance of fertile land and a dependable food supply in the colonies. This attracted thousands of European settlers each year and supported the raising of large families. (p. 45)	18
5783391653	Germans	This group of immigrants settled chiefly on the rich farmlands west of Philadelphia. By 1775, they comprised 6 percent of the colonial population. (p. 46)	19
5783391654	Scotch-Irish	These English-speaking people emigrated from northern Ireland. They were known as Scotch-Irish because their ancestors had moved to Ireland from Scotland. By 1775, they comprised 7 percent of the colonial population. (p.46)	20
5783391655	Huguenots; Dutch; Swedes	The Huguenots (French Protestants), the Dutch, and the Swedes came to the colonies. By 1775, these groups comprised 5 percent of the colonial population. (p. 46)	21
5783391656	Africans	The largest single group of non-English immigrants did not come to America by choice. By 1775, the African American population (slave and free) comprised 20 percent of the colonial population. About 90 percent were in the southern colonies. (p. 46)	22
5783391657	immigrants	Newcomers to the colonies, were mostly Protestant, and came from England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, and Western and Central Europe. Some left Europe to escape religious persecution and wars. Others sought economic opportunities in farming, or setting up shop as an artisan or merchant. Africans were also brought in large numbers to the colonies, albeit unwillingly. (p. 45)	23
5783391658	social mobility	Everyone in colonial society, except African Americans, could improve their standard of living and social status with hard work. (p. 47)	24
5783391659	hereditary aristocracy	There was no hereditary aristocracy in the colonies. Their class system was based on economics with wealthy landowners at the top. Craft workers and small farmers made up the majority of the population. (p. 47)	25
5783391660	John Peter Zenger	In 1735, he published a true, but unflattering article about New York's royal governor. According to English common law at the time this was a criminal act, but he was acquitted by a jury. This encouraged newspapers in the colonies to take greater risks in criticising the government. (p. 52)	26
5783391661	Andrew Hamilton	In 1735, he was the lawyer for John Peter Zenger in the Zenger case. (p. 52)	27
5783391662	Enlightenment	In the 18th century, some colonists were attracted to this European movement in literature and philosophy. They believed that human reason could be used to solve most of humanity's problems. They reasoned that while the state is supreme, it is bound to follow natural law based on the rights of individual. (p. 53)	28
5783391663	colonial governors	In 1750, there were 13 colonies. In the eight royal colonies the governors were appointed by the King, in the three proprietary colonies the governors were appointed by the proprietors, and in Rhode Island and Connecticut the governors were elected by popular vote. (p. 54)	29
5783391664	colonial legislatures	In every colony, the legislature consisted of two houses. In every colony, the members of the lower house were elected by eligible voters. In the royal and proprietary colonies, the members of the upper house were appointed by the king or the proprietor. Only in Rhode Island and Connecticut, the members of both houses were elected by eligible voters. (p. 54)	30
5783391665	town meetings	The dominant form of local government in the New England colonies, in which the people of the town would regularly come together to vote directly on public issues. (p. 54)	31
5783391666	county government	In the southern colonies, the local government was carried on by a sheriff and other officials who served a large territory called a county. (p. 54)	32
5783391667	limited democracy	In the mid 18th century, colonial democracy was limited to mostly white men that owned land. Those barred from voting included white women, poor white men, all slaves, and most free blacks. (p. 54)	33

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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 20 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 20 Becoming a World Power, 1898-1917

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6075536335	William Seward	Secretary of State who was responsible for purchasing Alaskan Territory from Russia. By purchasing Alaska, he expanded the territory of the country at a reasonable price. (p. 409)	0
6075536336	Monroe Doctrine	In 1823, a political policy of the United States by President James Monroe that stated the Western Hemisphere was closed to European interference. UPDATE	1
6075536337	French in Mexico	In 1865, Secretary of State William Seward invoked the Monroe Doctrine when Napoleon III sent French troops to occupy Mexico. He threatened U.S. military action unless France withdrew their troops, and they did. (p. 410)	2
6075536338	Alaska Purchase	In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 Million ("Seward's Folly"). (p. 410)	3
6075536339	Pan-American Conference (1889)	In 1889, this conference was called by Secretary of State James G. Blaine. It created an organization of cooperation between the United States and Latin American countries. (p. 412)	4
6075536340	James Blaine	Republican nominee for president in 1884, previously a Secretary of State UPDATE	5
6075536341	Venezuela boundary dispute	An issue between Venezuela and the neighbouring territory, the British colony of Guiana. The United States convince Great Britain to arbitrate the dispute. (p. 412)	6
6075536342	Cleveland and Olney	In 1895 and 1896, President Grover Cleveland and Secretary of State Richard Olney insisted that Great Britain agree to arbitrate the border dispute between Venezuela and the British colony of Guiana. (p. 412)	7
6075536343	Hawaii	In 1893, American settlers aided in the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani. President McKinley completed the annexation of Hawaii in 1898. (p. 415)	8
6075536344	Pearl Harbor	On December 7, 1941, this United States military base on Hawaii was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II.	9
6075536345	Queen Liliuokalani	The Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests. (p. 414)	10
6075536346	Cleveland blocks annexation	In 1893, President Grover Cleveland block the annexation of Hawaii because he opposed imperalism. However, in 1898, President McKinley did annex Hawaii. (p. 414)	11
6075536347	international Darwinism	Darwin's concept of the survival of the fittest was applied not only to competition in the business world but also to competition among nations. Therefore, in the international arena, the US had to demonstrate its strength by acquiring territories overseas, a sort of continuing of the manifest destiny	12
6075536348	business and imperialists competitors	UPDATE	13
6075536349	spreading religion and science	what were the two factors that pushed european nations across the atlantic ocean? UPDATE	14
6075536350	Josiah Strong	This reverend believed that Protestant American had a religious duty to colonize other lands in order to spread Christianity and the benefits of their superior civilization . (p. 411)	15
6075536351	expansionist politicians	Republican politicians generally endorsed the use of foreign affairs to search for new markets. (p. 411)	16
6075536352	steel and steam navy	By 1900, The United States had the third largest navy in the world. (p. 411)	17
6075536353	Alfred Thayer Mahan	He was a U.S. Navy captain whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of seapower changed how America viewed its navy. (p. 411)	18
6075536354	nationalist media	UPDATE	19
6075536355	Cuban revolt	In 1895, Cuban nationalists sabotaged and laid waste to Cuban plantations. Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler who put civilians into armed camps where many died. (p. 413)	20
6075536356	Valeriano Weyler	A general sent by Spain to stop the Cuban revolt. He forced civilians into armed camps, where tens of thousands died of starvation and disease. (p. 413)	21
6075536357	jingoism	An intense form of nationalism calling for an aggressive foreign policy. (p. 412)	22
6075536358	yellow journalism	Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. (p. 413)	23
6075536359	De Lome Letter	Spanish Ambassador's letter that was leaked to the press and and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Many considered it an official Spanish insult against U.S. national honor. (p. 413)	24
6075536360	sinking of the Maine	On February 15, 1898, the USS Maine battleship exploded in Havana Harbor. The yellow press accused Spain of blowing up the ship even though experts later concluded that the explosion was probably an accident. (p. 413)	25
6075536361	Teller Amendment	A resolution authorizing war, but it promised the U.S. would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war. (p. 414)	26
6075536362	a splendid little war	The ambassador to England wrote to his friend, Teddy Roosevelt, with these words because of low casualties in the war against Spain. (p. 414)	27
6075536363	invade the Philippines	Commodore George Dewey led a U.S. fleet to the Philippines where he defeated Spain. (p. 414)	28
6075536364	George Dewey	A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay, Philippines in the Spanish-American War. (p. 414)	29
6075536365	Rough Riders	Volunteer regiment of U.S. Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War. (p. 414)	30
6075536366	Theodore Roosevelt	He became that 26th President in 1901. He as an expansionist who increased the size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". He added the Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. His motto was to "speak softly and carry a big stick". He received the Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France. (p. 417)	31
6075536367	Treaty of Paris: Puerto Rico	This treaty was signed on December 10, 1898 with Spain. It provided for: 1) Cuban independence, 2) Purchase of Puerto Rico and Guam, 3) Purchase of the Philippines. (p. 415)	32
6075536368	Guam and Philippines	UPDATE	33
6075536369	Emilio Aguinaldo	Filipino nationalist leader who led guerrilla fighters in a three year war against U.S. control of the Philippines. (p. 415)	34
6075536370	Anti-Imperialist League	Lead by William Jennings Bryan, they opposed further expansion in the Pacific. (p. 415)	35
6075536371	Insular cases	A series of Supreme Court cases from 1901 to 1903 which arose when the United States acquired the Philippines and Puerto Rico. The court ruled that constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions and that the power to decide whether or not to grant such rights belonged to Congress. (p. 416)	36
6075536372	Platt Amendment	A 1901 amendment to an army appropriations bill that said Cuba would make no treaties that compromised its independence, permit the U.S. to maintain law and order in Cuba, and allow the U.S. to maintain naval bases in Cuba. (p 416)	37
6075536373	spheres of influence	The term when countries came to dominate trade and investment within a particular region and shut out competitors. In the 1890s, Russia, Japan, Great Britain, France, and Germany were all establishing close ties with China that disturbed the United States. (p. 417)	38
6075536374	John Hay	In 1899, as William McKinley's secretary of state, he sent a note to all the major countries involved in trade with China. He asked them to accept the concept of an Open Door, by which all nations would have equal trading privileges in China. The replies that he got were evasive, so he declared that all nations had accepted the Open Door policy. (p. 416)	39
6075536375	Open Door Policy	A policy proposed by the U.S. in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. (p. 416)	40
6075536376	Boxer Rebellion	A 1900 rebellion in Beijing, China that was started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". An international force marched into Beijing and crushed the rebellion. (p. 417)	41
6075536377	U.S. joined international force	To protect American lives and property, U.S. troops participated in an international force that marched into Peking (Beijing) and quickly crushed the rebellion of the Boxers. (p. 417)	42
6075536378	Second Hay Note	In 1900, the U.S. was fearful that the international force sent to Beijing might try to occupy China. A second note was written to all the major imperialist countries, stating that China's territory must be preserved and that equal and impartial trade with all parts of China must be maintained. (p. 417)	43
6075536379	big-stick policy	Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy motto was to "speak softly and carry a big stick". By acting boldly and decisively in a number of situation, Roosevelt attempt to build the reputation of the United States as a world power. (p. 417)	44
6075536380	TR supports Panama revolt	In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt orchestrated a revolt for Panama's independence from Columbia. The revolt succeeded quickly and with little bloodshed. (p. 418)	45
6075536381	Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)	In 1903, the Panama government signed this treaty with the United States. It granted the U.S. all rights to the 51 mile long and 10 mile wide Canal Zone, in exchange for U.S. protection. (p. 418)	46
6075536382	building the Panama Canal	This canal was started in 1904 and completed 10 years later. The building of this large canal was important because it would benefit American commerce and military capability. (p. 418)	47
6075536383	George Goethals	United States army officer and engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama Canal. (p. 418)	48
6075536384	William Gorgas	Army physician who helped eradicate yellow fever and malaria from Panama, so work on the Panama Canal could proceed. (p. 418)	49
6075536385	Roosevelt Corollary	Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that the United States would intervene in the Americas, on the behalf of European interests. (p. 418)	50
6075536386	Santo Domingo	The capital of the Dominican Republic. In 1904, European powers were ready to use military power here in order to force debt payments. (p. 418)	51
6075536387	Russo-Japanese War	In 1904, Russia and Japan went to war over imperial possessions in the region. In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt arranged a successful treaty conference for the two foes at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. (p. 419)	52
6075536388	Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)	In 1905, the United States mediated the end of the Russo-Japanese War. Negotiating the treaty in the U.S. increased U.S. prestige. Roosevelt received a Nobel Peace Prize for the mediation. (p. 419)	53
6075536389	Nobel Peace Prize	For his work in settling the Russo-Japanese War, President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906. (p. 420)	54
6075536390	segregation in San Francisco schools	In the early 20th century San Francisco schools required that Japanese American students attend segregated schools. In 1908, President Roosevelt worked out a "gentleman's agreement" with Japan, Japanese American students would be allowed to attend normal schools and Japan would restrict the emigration of Japanese workers to the United States. (p. 420)	55
6075536391	gentlemen's agreement	In 1908, an informal agreement between the United States and Japan. President Roosevelt agreed that Japanese American students would be allowed to attend normal schools in San Francisco and Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the U.S. (p. 420)	56
6075536392	Great White Fleet	Sixteen American battleships, painted white were sent around the world to display American naval power. (p. 4 )	57
6075536393	Algeciras Conference	In 1906, this conference held after the First Moroccan Crisis in which the dispute between Germany and France over control of Morocco was settled.	58
6075536394	Hague Conference	An 1899 (first under McKinley) conference at which the Great Powers discussed arms reduction, demonstrated internationalism.	59
6075536395	Root-Takahira Agreement	1908 - Japan / U.S. agreement in which both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China.	60
6075536396	William Howard Taft	The 27th President of the United States (1909-1913) and later chief justice of the United States Supreme Court.	61
6075536397	role of American money		62
6075536398	railroads in China	President Taft succeeded in securing American participation in agreement in 1911 to buy railroads in China with Germany and France, US was excluded from buying railroads in Manchuria because of joint agreement between Russia and Japan, direct defiance of Open Door Policy	63
6075536399	Manchurian problem		64
6075536400	intervention in Nicaragua	Taft sent marines here when a civil war broke out, help in financial affairs, remained until 1933	65
6075536401	Henry Cabot Lodge	A Republican senator, he was in favor of the U.S. expanding around the world. He introduced the Lodge Corollary. (p. 411, 420)	66
6075536402	Lodge Corollary	In 1912, the Senate passed resolution to Monroe Doctrine. It stated that non-European powers (such as Japan) would be excluded from owning territory in Western Hemisphere. (p. 420)	67
6075536403	Woodrow Wilson	The 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize.	68
6075536404	anti-imperialism	The belief that the U.S. should not expand its territory overseas and that the U.S. should just be a normal country and leave the other countries alone.	69
6075536405	William Jennings Bryan	United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)	70
6075536406	Jones Act	In 1916 this act granted the Philippines territorial status and promised independence as soon as stable government was achieved. (p. 422)	71
6075536407	Puerto Rico citizenship	In 1917 an act of Congress granted U.S. citizenship and limited self government for this island. (p. 422)	72
6075536408	Conciliation treaties	Wilson's commitment to democracy was shared by Bryan, project to negotiate treaties in which nations pledged to submit disputes to international commissions and observe a one-year cooling-off period before taking military action	73
6075536409	military intervention	Military action undertaken in order to change what is happening or might happen in another country	74
6075536410	Mexican civil war	Wilson's moral approach to foreign affairs was severely tested by a revolution and civil war in Mexico. Wanting democracy to triumph there, he refused to recognize the military dictatorship of General Victoriano Huerta, who had seized power in Mexico in 1913 by arranging to assassinate the democratically elected president.	75
6075536411	General Huerta	Mexican revolutionary whose bloody regime Wilson reused to recognize and who nearly ended up fighting the United States in 1914	76
6075536412	Tampico incident	In April 1914, some U.S. sailors were arrested in Tampico, Mexico. President Wilson used the incident to send U.S. troops into northern Mexico. His real intent was to unseat the Huerta government there. After the Niagara Falls Conference, Huerta abdicated and the confrontation ended.	77
6075536413	ABC powers	The South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, which attempted to mediate a dispute between Mexico and the United States in 1914.	78
6075536414	Pancho Villa	Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923) who did many good things, but killed a lot of people. Wanted to take money from the rich and give it to the poor. (p. 423)	79
6075536415	expeditionary force	The name given to the group set out to capture Pancho Villa in Mexico. (p. 423)	80
6075536416	John J. Pershing	The U.S. general who chased Pancho Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him. (p. 423)	81

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AP US History Period 2, 1607-1754 Flashcards

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9266353739	headright	The right to acquire a certain amount of land granted to the person who finances the passage of a laborer.	0
9266353740	disenfranchise	To take away the right to vote.	1
9266353741	civil war	A conflict between the citizens of inhabitants of the same country.	2
9266353742	tidewater	The territory adjoining water affected by tides-this is, near the seacoast or coastal rivers.	3
9266353743	middle passage	That portion of a slave ship's journey in which slaves were carried from Africa to the Americas.	4
9266353744	fertility	The ability to mate and produce abundant offspring.	5
9266353745	menial	Fit for servants; humble or low.	6
9266353746	militia	An armed force of citizens called out only in emergencies.	7
9266353747	hierarchy	A social group arranged in ranks or classes.	8
9266353748	corporation	A group or institution granted legal rights to carry on certain specified activities.	9
9266353749	jeremiad	A sermon or prophecy warning of doom and calling for repentance.	10
9266353750	lynching	The illegal killing of an accused person by mob action without due process.	11
9266353751	hinterland	Inland region back from a port, river, or the seacoast.	12
9266353752	social structure	The basic pattern of the distribution of status and wealth in a society.	13
9266353753	blue blood	Of noble or upper-class descent.	14
9266353754	sect	A small religious group that has broken away from some larger mainstream church.	15
9266353755	agitators	Those who seek to excite or persuade the public on some issue.	16
9266353756	stratification	The visible arrangement of society into a hierarchical pattern, with distinct social groups layered one on top of the other.	17
9266353757	mobility	The capacity to pass readily from one social or economic condition to another.	18
9266353758	elite	The smaller group at the top of a society or institution, usually possessing wealth, power, or special privileges.	19
9266353759	almshouse	A home for the poor, supported by charity or public funds.	20
9266353760	gentry	Landowners of substantial property, social standing, and leisure, but not titled nobility.	21
9266353761	tenant farmer	One who rents rather than owns land.	22
9266353762	veto	The executive power to prevent acts passed by the legislature from becoming law.	23
9266353763	apprentice	A person who works under a master to acquire instruction in a trade or profession.	24
9266353764	speculation	Buying land or anything else in the hope of profiting by an expected rise in price.	25
9266353765	revival	In religion, a movement of renewed enthusiasm and commitment, often accompanied by special meetings or evangelical activity.	26
9266353766	secular	Belonging to the worldly sphere rather than to the specifically sacred or churchly.	27
9266353767	Indentured servants	A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country. During the seventeenth century most of the white laborers in Maryland and Virginia came from England as indentured servants.	28
9266353768	Puritan	A member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.	29
9266353769	Export Economy	Economy whose growth depends to a great extent on the export sector (i.e. selling to other countries) rather than domestic demand.	30
9266353770	Participatory Town Meetings	Originated in New England - town meetings at which normal citizens can participate in making decisions related to politics, government, current events, etc. Noted as one of the first instances of democracy in America.	31
9266353771	Metacomet's War (King Phillip's War)	An armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists and their Native American allies in 1675-78. King Phillip (Metacomet) reacted against European encroachment onto the Wampanoag territory, was defeated and humiliated by colonists, forced him to sign a new peace agreement that included the surrender of Indian guns.	32
9266353772	Pueblo Revolt	1680 - An uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico. The Pueblo Revolt killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province.	33
9266353773	Pluralism	The recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which permits the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions and lifestyles.	34
9266353774	Great Awakening	An evangelical and revitalization movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America, and especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s	35
9266353775	Enlightenment	The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority andlegitimacy. Advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional governmentand ending the perceived abuses of the church and state.	36
9266353776	Anglicization	The act of making something English in either form or character.	37
9266353777	Protestant Evangelicalism	A strain of protestantism that stresses the preaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ, personal conversion experiences, Scripture as the sole basis for faith, and active evangelism (the winning of personal commitments to Christ).	38
9266353778	Chattel Slavery	A type of slavery in which slaves were actual property that could be bought, traded or sold.	39
9266353779	Mercantilism	An enconomic theory that promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers. (Think: the economic counterpart of political absolutism)	40
9266353780	Separatists	People who believed the Church of England retained too many traces of its Catholic origin and thus, was not pure. Those who formally left the established state church.	41
9266353781	Congregationalism	A system of organization among Christian churches whereby individual local churches are largely self-governing.	42
9266353782	John Cotton	A clergyman in England and the American colonies and, by most accounts, the preeminent minister and theologian of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.	43
9266353783	John Winthrop	Puritan leader credited with the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony	44
9266353784	Quaker	Christians basing their message on the religious belief that "Christ has come to teach his people himself", stressing the importance of a direct relationship with God through Jesus Christ, and a direct religious belief in the universal priesthood of all believers.	45
9266353785	Pacifist	One who holds the belief that war and violence are unjustifiable.	46
9266353786	Virginia	The first colony of the original thirteen. The birthplace of both presidents and future generals, but also the birthplace of African slavery in English America. This company eventually went bankrupt and was salvaged by becoming a royal colony with a royal govenror, William Berkeley, in 1642.	47
9266353787	Lord De La Warr	New governor and captain of Virginia that arrived in Jamestown in 1610, just as the colony was on the brink of collapse. Used his own fortune to buttress Virginia and established key turning point in giving Virginia Company land to Virginians as private property.	48
9266353788	House of Burgesses	Frist representative assembly in the Western Hemisphere, established in Jamestown to protect the property and other rights of Englishmen.	49
9266353789	Plymouth Colony	A short-lived by symbolically important colony founded in 1620 at Cape Cod by Separatists and other more secularly-minded colonists. There, 100 surviving colonists signed the Mayflower Compact to increase obligation to stand together. This colony was eventually absorbed by its much larger neighbor, the Massachusetts Bay Colony. William Bradford, the long-term governor of the colony, recorded this history in Of Plymouth Plantation.	50
9266353790	Mayflower Compact	Considered the first written constitution of the English-speaking world. Signed by members of the Plymouth colony upon arrival to the New World.	51
9266353791	Massachusetts Bay Colony	A Puritan Colony founded by the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629. Made up of Puritans coming to America during the Great Migration.	52
9266353792	The Great Migration	A point in which Puritans came to America fleeing persecution for their religious beliefs.	53
9266353793	Anne Hutchinson	A Bostonian who taught doctrines the Puritans believed to be heretical in her home with several men, even ministers, in attendance. For these acts, she was put on trial for heresay and was banished from Massachusetts.	54
9266353794	Roger Williams	A Puritan minister; one of the first colonists ot advocate the separation of church and state.	55
9266353795	Maryland	Founded by George Calvert, the Lord Baltimore, as a refuge for Roman Catholics facing persecution from Anglican Church.	56
9266353796	John Locke	Political philosopher that theorized governments were instituted among men for the preservation of life, liberty and property and that they should employ balance of powers. Wrote the Constitution for the Carolina colony as secretary to one of its eight proprietors.	57
9266353797	William Penn	Founder of the Quaker colony Pennsylvania.	58
9266353798	Coastal Plain	Extending from the Fall Line in the foothills from the Appalachian Mountains out to the Atlantic Sea, contained fertile soil and was crisscrossed with rivers that served as highways.	59
9266353799	Cash-Crop Economy	An economic system based on the exportation of certain crops such as sugar, cotton, and coffee.	60
9266353800	First Great Awakening	A revival of the Christian Religion as an act of God through the Holy Spirit. The first unifying event int he history of colonial America.	61
9266353801	Jonathan Edwards	Preacher from Northampton, Massachusetts, that spread the First Great Awakening through famous sermons, notably "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."	62
9266353802	domestic	Concerning the internal affairs of a country.	63
9266353803	minister	In politics, a person appointed by the head of the state to take charge of some department agency of government.	64
9266353804	magistrate	A civil official charged with upholding the law, often exercising both judicial and executive power.	65
9266353805	peasant	A farmer of agricultural laborer, sometime legally tied to the land.	66
9266353806	coureurs des bois	French-Canadian fur trappers; literally, "runners of the wood."	67
9266353807	voyageurs	French-Canadian fur traders and adventurers.	68
9266353808	ecological	Concerning the relations between the biological organisms of their environment.	69
9266353809	mutinous	Concerning revolt by subordinate soldiers or seamen against their commanding officers.	70
9266353810	strategic	Concerning the placement and planned movement of large-scale military forces so as to gain advantage, usually prior to actual engagement with the enemy.	71
9266353811	guerilla warfare	Unconventional combat wagged by smaller military units using hit-and-run tactics.	72
9266353812	buffer	A territory between two hostile states, designed to soften an attack from one or the other side.	73
9266353813	siege	A military operation surrounding and attacking a fortified place, often over a sustained period.	74
9266353814	flotilla	A fleet of boats, usually smaller vessels.	75
9266353815	commissions	An official certification granting a commanding rank in the armed forces.	76

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AP US History - Great Depression - People Flashcards

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5469660366	John Maynard Keynes	promoted deficit spending	0
5469663311	Charles Coughlin	Catholic priest opposed to New Deal	1
5469664911	Francis Townsend	Physician opposed to New Deal	2
5469666589	Huey Long	Louisana Senator known as Kingfish promoted "Share Our Wealth" program opposed to New Deal	3
5469681389	Dorothea Lange	photographer of American Life during Depression known for migrant mother	4
5469687933	Frances Perkins	1st female member of cabinet served as Secretary of Labor	5
5469691661	Mary McLeod Bethune	"Black Cabinet" for FDR	6
5469695008	John Collier	Commissioner of Indian Affairs Indian Reconstruction Act	7
5469700924	Orson Welles	"War of the World" radio program broadcaster	8
5469704308	Grant Woods	painted American Gothic	9
5469706231	John Steinback	wrote Grapes of Wrath	10
5469707409	Richard Wright	AA author of Native Son	11
5469709753	Marian Anderson	AA singer that Eleanor R. had perform on Lincoln Memorial	12

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AP US History Flashcards

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6729060741	Original Discovery of the Americas	10,000 years before Columbus, some estimate 40,000 years	0
6729069640	Beringia Theory	Water levels dropped expanding large masses of land connecting Asia to North America. Nomadic hunters followed the bridge across and became ancestors of the first people.	1
6729072488	Mayas	A Native American people, living in what is now Mexico and northern Central America, who had a flourishing civilization from 300AD to 800AD, when they were conquered by the Spanish. They are known for their astronomical observations, accurate calendars sophisticated hieroglyphics, and pyramids.	2
6729086418	Aztecs	Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.	3
6729089205	Incas	BUILT THE CAPITAL OF THEIR EMPIRE, CUZCO, IN THE ANDES MOUNTAINS IN WHAT IS NOW PERU. THEY CARVED THE LAND FOR AGRICULTURE AND BUILT ROADS AND CITIES. Potatoes are key	4
6729110936	Extensive trade, crops provide stable food supply, calendars based on scientific observation	common things among the Mayas, Aztecs, and incas	5
6729122616	North American Cultures	Respected land, did not believe they owned the land but lived on it with the others, 400 tribes, 20 languages	6
6729134745	Why come to america???	improvement in technology- better ships and navigation, compasses, mass printing, sectant, map making, gunpowder religious conflict- wanting to spread different religions expanding trade- finding shorter route, economic motivation developing nation- states- need stability, thriving economy and defense	7
6729166474	Christopher Columbus	He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India.got money from spain	8
6729177069	The Colombian Exchange	Europeans learn about: beans, corn, sweet and white potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco, syphilis Americans receive: sugar cane, blue grasses, pigs, horses, wheel, iron implements, guns, germs (smallpox and measles) and transfer of plants by accident	9
6729209408	Treaty of Tordesillas	A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.	10
6729217222	Bartolome de Las Cassas	-hero - Spanish priest -wanted equal rights for natives	11
6740809027	New Laws of 1542	Las Cassas saying enslavement must end!!	12
6740816179	Valladolid Debate	Las Cassas tried to free natives **** but Juan Gines de Sepulveda wanted to enslave them and won	13
6740831905	English and Natives	English were nice at first then tried to get rid of them native population lowered from disease and being pushed of the land	14
6740845331	New England Colonies	Rhode Island- founded by Roger Williams for religious freedom, because puritans banished him Connecticut- Thomas Hooker couldn't practice Puritanism in England and there was no democracy in Massachusetts so he led his congregation to religious freedom Massachusetts Bay- William Bradford + Pilgrims (1620) John Winthrop + puritans (1630), they opposed the church of England and wanted religious freedom, 1st winter half of them died	15
6740899415	Fundamental Orders of Connecticut	1st sign of independence and constitution, allegiance to the colony rather than the king	16
6740915900	Slaves	started in 1610	17
6740932864	How did the settlement of the English colonies give rise to unique economic, political, and social conditions that defined an emerging American identity?	People were tired of having no say in parliament and democracy was born	18
6740948994	How did the need for labor in the colonies give rise to chattel African slavery?	There wasn't enough people to farm the land and there was too much land and not enough pay for workers, so they resorted to slaves	19
6740964864	1607	Jamestown	20
6740967818	1754	French and Indian War	21
6740973212	Plymouth	Separatists (1620) didn't want to be with people who were not "chosen" John Calvin = predestination Mayflower Compact- signed document saying majority rules and all laws matter sign of democracy 1st thanksgiving = celebration of 1st winter survival	22
6741017442	a city upon a hill	Massachusetts bay colony, wanting to be the perfect purified church John Winthrop = 1st governor	23
6741027654	Roger Williams	kicked out of Ma Bay because he wanted natives to get compensation for losses founded Rhode island	24
6741035522	Anne Hutchinson	banished to Rhode island for spreading predestination	25
6741049953	Jacob Leiser	took over south for 3 years	26
6741053079	Peter Zenger	freedom of the press	27
6741059228	Feudal Estates along the Hudson	little society along the Hudson	28
6741105818	Maryland Act of Tolerance	Catholic Haven form Lord Baltimore	29
6741144653	Mercantilism and Dissent	Colonies get protected by England England takes everything from colonies in return Economy is ruined by control and can't do the things they want	30
6741173006	The Navigation Acts	1650 regulated colonial trade and added many taxes	31
6741183337	Salutary Neglect	until 1763 England didn't pay attention to the colonies and were not enforcing any laws	32
6741209088	First Continental Congress	Carpenter's Hall, sent demands to the King	33
6741215199	Second Continental Congress	Pa State House/Independence Hall, declaration of independence	34
6741224846	Declaration of Independence	Based off of writings of Thomas Pain, J. Locke, Common Sense, the idea of power to the people, and the king is a tyrant Signed even thought signers could be killed and many faced harsh consequences from the British	35
6741256907	Louisiana Purchase	Jefferson thought it went against his strict constitutionality and it cost 15 million	36
6741280456	Burr Conspiracy	Aaron Burr and federalists tried to separate from US, it failed but Hamilton challenged a duel and was killed Burr arrested for treason in 1806 and tried in Richmond Va 1807, judge was biased and not enough witnesses = freed Burr Jeffersonians very mad	37
6741327941	Marbury vs. Madison	Midnight Judges Mess Marshall rejected case because the judiciary act of 1789 was unconstitutional, resulted in idea of judicial review	38
6752291306	Impressment and Embargo Act	6,000+ men were impressed from England alone (the shark) in response Jefferson said we would not trade with anyone, people hated it often called "oh grab me"	39
6752313036	USS Chesapeake 1807	British fired at close range killing 3 Americans and wounding 18 4 deserters were dragged away Jefferson could have taken us to war but he knew we were weak in military Americans very angry	40
6752337641	Embargo Act 1807	Jefferson's solution to impresment, but he over estimated their dependence on trade unconstitutional forbade all goods in US to be exported new England very upset, talks about secession "O Grab Me" & "Go Bar 'Em" & "Damn bargo" repealed March 1st 1809 3x more costly than war Forced Americans to make things for ourselves	41
6752391147	Non- Intercourse Act	took place of embargo act opened trade with the world except England and France	42
6752431225	Was Jefferson true to his strict constitutional beliefs?	No Louisiana Purchase Embargo Act	43
6752445993	Great Britain Embargo Act Reaction	Factories that depended on cotton were hurt really bad so a petition was signed by 20,000 to just give in Orders of Council were suspended 2 days before the war of 1812 and it was too late	44
6752478622	Macon's Bill No. 2	1st to give in (England of France) gets to trade with america, the other does not France gave in to see England in a bad place	45
6752495286	War of 1812	2nd war for independence West: 2 Shawnee brothers (Tecumseh and Prophet)- tribes fighting William Henry Harrison- forced out Tecumseh's head quarters, Tippecanoe Nov 7 1811 Tecumseh killed 1813 at Battle of Thames, along with the dreams of Indian Confederacy Andrew Jackson- "Onto Canada" & "Onto Florida"	46
6752504534	Why fight Britain rather than France in War of 1812?	-just as many maritime offenses -Republicans were attached to France -visibility of British impressment and arming Natives -tempting prize of Canada	47
6752523127	Causes of War of 1812	- Orders in Council (Impressment) - Embargo Act of 1807 -USS Chesapeake -Non-Intercourse Act -Macon's Bill No. 2 -this generation didn't have a war yet, young hot heads (war hawks) Henry Clay "Free Trade and Sailors' Rights)	48
6752595170	Mr. Madison's War	really at war with new England and England Ne's sent money to British War of 1812	49
6752612063	Flagship Niagara	turned around with cables to deal with a crushing blow can fire cannons any direction used 1st in Lake Champlain Thomas Macdonough	50
6752627583	Hartford Convention	New England trying to secede 1814 makes US not a unified nation	51
6752634534	USA Emerging Nation	we better our relationship after war of 1812	52
6752640815	War Heroes of 1812	Jackson and Harrison	53
6752665944	HENRY CLAY'S "AMERICAN SYSTEM" 1824	1. strong national bank, easy credit 2. more roads and canals to knit US together 3. protective tariff	54
6752684588	Tariff of 1816	20-25% not strong enough to do anything, but a bold start	55
6752687276	Madison	states rights vetoes 1817 bill for 1.5 million to build new roads	56
6752696213	Treaty of Ghent	signed Christmas Eve 1814 John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay sent to make peace agreement to stop fighting no mention of grievances, Indian menace, search and seizure, Orders in Council, impressment, or confiscations tie "not one inch of territory ceded of lost"	57
6752728653	New Orleans 1814	happened after Treaty of Ghent Jackson becomes hero of the West	58
6752746305	Second Great Awakening	influence reform movements (prison, temperance, women and antislavery)	59
6752757583	Transcendentalists 1830s	everyone has an inner light to put themselves with god individualism Ralph Walter Emerson- slavery critic Henry David Thoreau- "on the duty of civil disobedience" influenced Ghandi and Dr. King	60
6752792399	American Colonization Society 1817	Lincoln in favor of send slaves back to Africa too expensive	61
6752803544	William Lloyd Garrison	The Liberator - newspaper wanted the North to succeed violent abolitionist	62
6752815738	Sojourner Truth	escaped from slavery, on trial to get her children from slavery emancipation and women's rights "ain't I a woman too" helped recruit black's regiment in civil war	63
6752865501	Wendell Phillips	"Golden Trumpet of abolition"	64
6752872071	David Walker	radical abolitionist "appeal to the colored citizens of the world" - bloody end	65
6752883583	Frederick Douglas	escaped slave orator writer editor of The North Star us minister to Haiti Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglas	66
6752900927	Uncle Tom's Cabin	-very emotional -300000 copies in Britain -1st hand experience, very personal -makes north want abolishment of slavery -written by Harriet Beecher	67
6752923079	Elijah P. Lovejoy	Illinois 1837 killed by a mob after the 4 times his press was destroyed BC he is black	68
6752934191	Nat Turner Rebellion	spread panic throughout the south in the 1830s started in Virginia and killed plantation owners and freed slaves created fear ---> 200 blacks killed	69
6752955405	Temperance	mostly in North picks up momentum after civil war but WW1 really boosted it because of drunken mean and abuse in the home 1918- 18th amendment depression ends it with the 21st amendment	70
6752977750	Dorothea Dix	committed her life to improving the conditions of the criminals and the insane made 1st public insane asylum in Lancaster civil war superintendent of nurses	71
6753001160	Manifest Destiny	Idea that we were destined by God to populate the West and take democracy with us comes with racial superiority ideas	72
6753016325	Frederick Jackson Turner Thesis 1893	"the significance of the frontier in american history" Us owes survival to democratic tradition and the rise of the west not to more conservative roots in the east	73
6753037197	California	Polk wanted it for fertile valleys and San Francisco Bay boundary problems with mexico, BC Texas was mexico's Mexico would not let US buy Cali	74
6753064103	Jimmy Polk's Little War	May 9th 1846 asks congress for war bloodshed already started on April 25th 1846 Abe Lincoln's "spot resolutions" - we have no reason for war	75
6753087682	Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Feb. 2 1848	US gets Texas US pays 15 million and assume 3250000 in claims Calhoun convinced senate not be greedy for Mexico US got Texas to Cali Brings slaves to the front of politics	76
6753109929	Cost and Profit of Mexican war	13,000 die mostly from disease (they didn't understand infection) Chapultepec near Mexico City, Mexican teenage military academy perished to a boy creation of marine uniform- symbolizes marine fighting	77
6753141105	Wilmot Proviso	David Wilmot proposes slavery be flatly prohibited in any territory from the Mexican War southern senators blocked it the debate split the Whigs and the democrats	78
6753160385	Pierce	Lost his son and made him a weak president had Jefferson Davis (future president of Confederacy) as secretary of war wanted more slave territory	79
6753178792	Matthew Perry	1854 signed treaty to open trade relations with Japan US impressed Japan with 1/4 sized train Japan impressed US with sumo wrestlers	80
6753195884	Doface	northerners that support the south ex. Polk	81
6753206542	Cuba: Pearl of the Antilles (Sugar Exchange)	Polk offered 100 million to Spain for Cuba for slave expansion Then James Buchanan sent Ostend Manifesto (secret) and offered 120 million it leaks out and north is very mad	82
6753231565	Slave issue in 1850s	North wanted Canada vs. South wanted Cuba neither got either	83
6753253804	Union Civil War	GOOD -great economy -farms and factories -3/4 of nation's wealth -30,000 miles of railroad -controlled seas/blockade -manpower reserve of 22 million BAD -couldn't mess with border states -weak leaders -not accustomed for soldiering until later on -under estimated the South	84
6753291302	Election of 1864	Salmon Chase Stephen Douglas northern democrat, openly obstructed war, attacks against draft and Lincoln, and emancipation Clement L. Vallandigham Northern Democrat, "man without a country" - Hale Lincoln Republican joining with war democrats= unionist party, won nomination over chase, chose Andrew Johnson to draw in border states General McClellan (Little Mac) "MAc will win the union back	85
6753354296	South Civil War	GOOD -defensive war -morale good -talented officers: Robert E Lee -ordinary men bred to fight -developed iron works -9 million including 3.5 million slaves BAD -had to allow for secession (Georgia leaves a lot) -Jefferson Davis wasn't flexible, at odds with congress, not popular, overworked - shortages of shoes, uniforms, blankets, men, and food -disabled for the poor transportation network -needs North	86
6753411564	Trent Affair of 1861	Union warship stops British mail steamer north of Cuba, 2 confederates taken as prisoners, but Lincoln released them to keep Great Britain out of the war	87
6753427979	Confederate Commerce Raiders	supplied by Britain slick swift ships that could go through the blockade	88
6753434485	Charles Francis Adams	convinced Britain to stay out of the war great diplomat of the war	89
6753447051	Anaconda Plan	cut of the confederacy 2 times	90
6753452968	Border States in the Civil War	Lincoln doesn't mess with them so they stay in Union KENTUCKY MISSOURI MARYLAND DELAWARE	91
6763775573	1st Bull Run	Manassas Junction-July 21, 1861 Union-McDowell Confederate- Stone Wall Jackson (Thomas Jonathan Jackson) confederacy shocked the union and union retreated in panic	92
6763808050	Tardy George B. McClellan	"Little Mac" too afraid to expect his troops so Lincoln fired him Peninsular Campaign---> 7 days battle	93
6763832447	after peninsular campaign	Lincoln prepares drat for Emancipation Proclamation 1. slowly suffocate with a blockade 2. liberate slaves, undermine their economy 3. cut Confederacy in half with the Anaconda Plan 4. chop Confederacy into pieces through Georgia and Carolinas 5. Seize capital 6. U.S. Grant's idea of total submission	94
6763870119	Merrimack	confederate warship with rotating gun turret Lincoln orders for the Moniter to be made in order to sink it destroyed 1864	95
6763892924	Antietam	September 17 1862 1st time Lee invades the North, if battle was won Britain could enter war along with border states 2 union soldiers found Lee's plan Lee forced to retreat (technical union victory) Victory for Union was the push to implement Lincoln's Emancipation Prclomation	96
6763926779	Emancipation Proclamation	Preliminary September 23 1862 Final January 1st 1863 Didn't free slaves in the South but increased North's morale	97
6763943985	54th Massachusetts	all black regiment in civil war fought gallantly to prove themselves	98
6763964095	Fighting Joe Hooker at Chancellorsville	Virginia May 2-4 1863 Lee and Stonewall divided forces and it was working Stonewall shot by own soldiers---> cost Confederacy dearly	99
6763994093	Battle of Gettysburg	July 1-3 1863 North- George G Meade 1st Day- fighting for the upper ground 2nd Day- fighting gallantly 3rd Day- out in open field 2 miles long, Union with upper ground	100
6764009583	Pickett's Charge	broke the back of the Confederacy during battle of Gettysburg	101
6764019341	Gettysburg Address	2 minute speech turning point of the Civil war	102
6764025689	Shilo	bloodiest battle in the West during Civil War	103
6764033339	Sherman's March	William Tecumseh Sherman went across Georgia hitting civilian land and crops burning everything in their path -sent scouts to war civilians to leave- captures Atlanta 1864 idea of "total war"	104
6764074122	Appomattox	Grant's troops capture Richmond and corner Lee at Appomattox Court House April 9 1865 Since were are now one country again Grant lets soldiers keep horses and rations and their swords orders union not to cheer	105
6764100367	Freedman's Bureau	giving freed slaves whatever they needed -needs -find loved ones -house and land -teaches how to read and write	106
6764113067	13th Amendment	abolished slavery expanded government power women mad because they wanted their rights	107
6764121581	14th Amendment	granted citizenship to black males	108
6764126978	15th amendment	gave voting rights to black males suffrage	109
6764154958	Hiram Revels Blanche K. Bruce Robert Smalls	blacks in government after civil war - Methodist minister, Mississippi senator -Mississippi senator - house of representatives, freed himself and others from confederate slave ship and took command of it	110
6764175970	Redeemer Governments	Confederates taking back their positions in government after the civil war and made a new form of slavery-sharecropping and tenate farming paired up with KKK to make black 2nd class citizens	111
6764207192	"Thus always to tyrants"	said in Latin by John Wilkes Booth after jumping on stage after shooting Lincoln	112
6764232155	KKK	starts out to help southern widows, but then became terrorists black codes and lynching worst year for lynchings 1896	113
6764250341	Carpetbaggers	men ripping of the south during reconstruction, had 800% higher price than fair price	114
6764262277	Impeachment of Andrew Johnson	1st president to be impeached but not convicted was on the hot seat because he disagreed with radical republicans	115
6764275072	Thaddeus Stevens	leader of Radical Republicans buried in a cemetery that accepted blacks	116
6764283091	Command Army Act	President is no longer in control of military, congress is	117
6764301585	1867 Tenure Act	Cabinet members cannot be removed without congress approval ruled unconstitutional 58 years later	118
6764422752	Election of 1872- Mugwump Reform Era	Grant republican- high tarriff waving the boodly shirt (most corrupt) Greeley- Liberal Republicans O'Conner- Democrat Black- prohibition- anti alcohol, supported by women Victoria Woodhull- National Radical Reformers- is super confused and yells at men, no votes, hurt women's movement Labor Reform Party- better working conditions, hours, and pay	119
6764469407	Election of 1876	Hayes Republican- high tariff, bloody shirt Tilden- Democrat- lawyer who busted Boss Tweed Smith-Prohibition- anti alcohol Cooper- Greenback- wanted paper money backed by silver, help farmers, THE GRANGE American National Party- patriotism, anti-foreign, reaction to immigration house and people could not vote for a winner, so a committee of 15 decided (Hayes messed with Democrats by saying he would build railroads in the south and withdraw reconstruction military)	120
6764524853	Election of 1880	Garfield Republican- dark horse candidate due to split (Half breeds- Blaine vs. Stalwarts- Conkling) assassinated by "spoils system victim", after death basically no leader Hancock-Democrat Weaver-Greenback Labor Dow-Prohibition	121
6764558861	Chester Allen Arthur	creates Rentillatiin Act- if you want to be in a government position you must take a civil service test	122
6764586512	Election of 1884	Blaine-Republican-Half Breed "Ma ma where's my pa?" Cleveland Democrat- 1st Democrat since the Civil War, only split term president, vetoed veterans pension bills because random relatives were suing, "Going to the White House ha ha ha" Butler-Greenback St.John-Prohibition BELVA ANN BENNETT LOCKWOOD- equal rights- 1st women nominated for a party, suffrage for women Mudslinging started	123
6764634659	Election of 1888	Harrison Republican-1st billion $ congress Cleveland- Democrat Fisk- Prohibition Lockwood- Equal Rights-women Redstone- Industrial Reform- workers Streeter- Union Labor- workers	124
6764663753	1893 Chicago World's Fair	-1st Ferris Wheel -Frederick's manifest destiny -H.H. Holmes- 1st known serial killer	125
6764678224	Coxley's March	1894 Jacob Coxley marches from Ohio to Washington DC, demanding government pay money to help working class but is arrested for trespassing THE WHITE HOUSE IS THE PEOPLE'S HOUSE	126
6764693336	Election of 1892	Former President Grover Cleveland running against the incumbent Benjamin Harrison. This was focusing on the issue of making a stable currency in the US. Cleveland would eventually win and be the first President to serve two non-consecutive terms. people's party-James Weaver	127
6764741888	Election of 1896	McKinley Republican- front porch campaign William Jennings Brian- Democrat & Populist & National Silver- "Cross of Gold Speech", Lion of the West, voice of the farmer Levering-Prohibition Matchett-Socialist Labor	128
6764777113	Election of 1990	McKinley Republican- September 6 1901 shot and killed while shaking hands---> pushing Teddy Roosevelt (youngest president) into office Bryan- Silver Rep. & Democrat & People's (populists) Woolley- Prohibition	129
6764815406	Booker T. Washington	"equality should be earned" 1881- Tuskegee Normal School-- idea of it: blacks work hard and learn then whites will treat them with respect	130
6764828587	George Washington Carver	Teacher at Tuskegee Normal School agricultural chemist credited with: peanut-shampoo, axle grease, sweet potato - vinegar, soybean - paint	131
6764851075	W.E.B Dubois	1st African american to graduate Harvard with a PhD "equality should be given" founded NAACP which helped with civil rights 1950s	132
6764881549	Augustus Saint-Gaudens	sculpted the 54th Massachusetts statue	133
6764891622	Amelia Bloomer	created bloomers (pants), now girls can work	134
6764907205	Muck Rakers	magazines in the progressive era that expose bad things in society ex: Harper's, Atlantic Monthly, Scribner's, New York Nation (actually honest)	135
6771063090	Queen Liliuokalani	the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests	136
6771074059	"New Manifest Destiny"	the idea of spreading democracy beyond US shores	137
6771100516	John Fiske and Josiah Strong	believed that by conquering native and spreading Christianity is good they think natives are barbaric and they are doing good for them	138
6771144094	Alfred Thayer Mahan	US is too late in the conquering game says we cannot go beyond our shores and conquer without a strong Navy and a strong government and country	139
6771173094	Venezuelan Boundary Dispute	In south america Britain and Venezuela share a border, on the Venezuelan side there is a pocket of gold ----> Britain goes over the border and takes it US say they can't do that Britain backs down because they have no allies and want to be on america's good side since they are an emerging nation and Britain wants an ally Leads to the Monroe Doctrine	140
6771224007	Cuban rebellion with Spain	Spanish Empire is crumbling and peasants are revolting, so Valeriano Weyler sends out small military forces to take people out of rural areas and force them into towns to control them (concentration camp-ish) story is covered with Yellow Journalism-->cause of war	141
6771264540	"Splendid Little War"	Spanish American War Causes: Yellow Journalism Teddy Roosevelt pushing for war, even though McKinley doesn't want war This generation hasn't had a war yet Delome Letter The Maine Ultimatum Treaty of Paris ends war	142
6771297445	Delome Letter	Spanish minister criticizes McKinley, calling him weak letter is made public Teddy to McKinley "soft as an eclair" cause for Spanish American war	143
6771336785	The Maine	US battleship sitting in Cuban harbor for "monitoring" for 4 months, then it blows up into pieces explosion meant there were weapons and gunpowder on board, probably caused by sailor flicking a cigarette but US blames Spanish cause for Spanish American War	144
6771374154	Ultimatum April 25 1898	McKinley issues it out saying to Spain "you need to pull out of Cuba with your forces or we will go to war" Spain complied, but it was too late and US declared war (Spanish American War)	145
6771423354	Military in Spanish American War	Army: training in an old hotel, 25000 volunteers, wooden rifles & wool uniforms, 8,000 causalities- 400 in combat, the rest were from eating meat from the civil war with botulism and disease	146
6771456432	Rough Riders	Teddy Roosevelt (only killed one person) leaved position in navy to raise this regiment most of their horses died upon landing in Cuba most fighting Santiago	147
6771481194	Treaty of Paris 1898	US gets: Philippines Guam Cuba Puerto Rico Spanish gets: money Cuba gets independence but we keep a military base	148
6771641858	Teller Amendment	Spanish leaves Cuba and grants Cuba Independence, except Garntanimal Bay(US military base)	149
6775282939	Platt Amendment	1901 Gives US rights to come into Cuba and defend them so no other country takes them	150
6775309885	Big Stick Policy	Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Teddy becomes the youngest President (42yo) because McKinley died Teddy is concerned about the Caribbean and keeping Europeans out TR sends Navy to the Caribbean to monitor that region uses old speech from the 5th president (Monroe Doctrine) to justify it	151
6775365703	Dollar Diplomacy	William Howard Taft temporary governor in the Philippines then comes into Presidency after Teddy steps down, but Teddy uses Taft as a puppet dollar diplomacy = pay off debt & US businesses :) and increase- less violent	152
6775419449	Panama Canal	51 miles long with 6 lock pairs made for a shorter way around south america, but France and Britain have the rights to it we offer $20 million to Columbia for it,but it's rejected Panama gets independence, Bunau Benia Treaty = canal	153
6775488347	John Hay's Open Door Policy	China should be kept open for trade making a world statement	154
6775532102	Assassination of Franz Ferdinand		155

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AP US History (1234) Flashcards

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4758254152	feudal	an arrangement or system of service and obligations, based on land, pertaining especially to the Middle Ages. "Before the mid-fifteenth century, feudal nobles dominated small districts throughout Europe."	0
4758254153	despotic	like an oppressive rule or dictator. "While these new rulers were often despotic..."	1
4758254154	hierarchical	describing an authority that is divided into ranks. "Officials appointed in Spain established a rigid hierarchical order...	2
4758254155	mestizo	person of mixed parentage, especially Spanish and Indian. "...unions which produced mestizos..."	3
4758254156	mulatto	a person of mixed parentage, especially white and black. "...unions which produced mestizos and mulattoes..."	4
4758254157	bullion	bulk gold or silver bricks. "Spanish became dependent upon the annual shipment of bullion from America..."	5
4758254158	hedonism	the belief that physical pleasure and happiness are the highest goal. "...might lead to fatalism or hedonism."	6
4758254159	anticlericalism	a doctrine of opposition to the Roman Catholic Church. "Popular anticlericalism helped spark religious reformation in England	7
4758254160	prelate	high church official in an episcopal hierarchy. "Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, the most powerful prelate in England..."	8
4758254161	ideology	a collection of doctrines, ideas, or beliefs. "...it is helpful to view these two warring faiths as ideologies.."	9
4758254162	Bering Sea	The Bering Sea is the body of water that was named after the land bridge it now covers; the Beringia. The bridge connected Asia and North America.	10
4758254163	Algonquian	The Algonquian people occupied most of the territory along the Atlantic coast. Making them the first Europe settlers would confront.	11
4758254164	Ferdinand and Isabellas	Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile married in order to unify Spain more that started the process of driving off the Jews and Muslims.	12
4758254165	Amerigo Vespucci	Explorer who falsified dates of his travels so it seemed he traveled to America first. This lead to map makers to name it America	13
4758254166	Bernal Diaz del Castillo	A Spanish conqueror that reported finding the old Aztec towns and villages which astounded many.	14
4758254167	Bartolome de Las Casas	A Dominican friar that published the Historia de las Indias, trying to defend Indians and questioned Europe's right to the New World.	15
4758254168	Virgin of Guadalupe	A version of the virgin that mixed Indian and European cultures. It became a strong symbol for Mexico	16
4758254169	Jacques Cartier	The King sent him on a quest to find a way to China through North America. He traveled as far as Montreal.	17
4758254170	Samuel de Champlain	First after Carties to try and settle Canada for France. He founded Quebec in 1608.	18
4758254171	Sir Walter Ralegh	Tried 2 unsuccessful times to start colonies. He showed how difficult it was to start in America.	19
4758254172	Cardinal Wolsey	wealthy, powerful officer of the Catholic Church in England	20
4758254173	Anne Boleyn	second wife of Henry VIII, and mother of Elizabeth I	21
4758254174	Catherine of Aragon	Spanish wife of Henry VIII	22
4758254175	Mary I	first child of Henry VIII; tried to return England to Catholicism	23
4758254176	Edward VI	young and sickly monarch of England, under whom militant Calvinists influenced policy	24
4758254177	Sir Humphrey Gilbert	cruel military governor of Munster in Ireland	25
4758254178	Sir John Davies	leading figure in colonization of Ireland	26
4758254179	Sir Richard Grenville	leader of the first settlement at Roanoke	27
4758254180	Sir Walter Ralegh	sea-dog who financed the two attempts to settle the Atlantic coast in 1585 and 1587	28
4758254181	John White	able administrator and artist who led the second Roanoke Colony	29
4758254182	Native American farmers grew _____, _____, and _____.	maize (corn), beans, squash	30
4758254183	Most tribes located on the Atlantic coast of North America belonged to a linguistic group known as ____.	Algonquian	31
4758254184	Eric the Red's son Leif established a small settlement in North America in the tenth century called ______.	Vinland	32
4758254185	More maneuverable ships built in the fifteenth century with a new type of sail were called _____.	caravel	33
4758254186	The _______, invented at some time in the 1430s by Johann Gutenberg, aided the spread of the new knowledge.	movable type	34
4758254187	The Moslem kingdom of _____ fell to the Spanish in 1492	Granada	35
4758254188	When Christopher Columbus discovered the New World, he actually thought that he had reached ______.	Indies	36
4758254189	In 1494, Pope Alexander VI divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal by issuing the _______.	Treaty of Tordesillas	37
4758254190	The kings of Spain rewarded success with a grant of the labor of an Indian Village. This grant was called an ______.	ecomienda system	38
4758254191	In 1589, ___________ wrote The Principall Navigations, Voyages, and Discoveries of the England Nation, which popularized the New World England.	Richard Hakluyt	39
4758254192	False	the arrival of Europeans in the Western Hemisphere had little impact on the lives of the natives	40
4758254193	False	Europeans were successful in teaching Native Americans to adopt European culture.	41
4758254194	True	New concepts in navigation and navel architecture helped stimulate the exploration of the New World	42
4758254195	True	Columbus greatly underestimated the distance from Spain westward to Asia	43
4758254196	False	The Spanish colonies received little or no support from the government.	44
4758254197	True	Cortes easily defeated the Aztec empire	45
4758254198	True	Montezuma was briefly indecisive because he thought the Spanish might have been messengers from the god Quetzalcoatl	46
4758254199	True	Coronado's expedition resulted in quick and permanent settlement of the Spanish borderlands.	47
4758254200	True	The Act of Supremacy of 1534 made the Catholic Church supreme in England	48
4758254201	True	Semi-military colonies were planted in Ireland by the English in the 1560s and 1570s	49
4758254202	As a result of the successful domestication of maize(corn), beans, and squash, some Native Americans ______	gained greater control over their environment	50
4758254203	The result of the deadly disease brought to the New World by Europeans was:	an extremely high mortality among the natives, destroying the culture of many tribes.	51
4758254204	In what is now Mexico, the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Mayans:	developed phenomenal culture prior to European contact.	52
4758254205	What was NOT a reason for the rise of the European exploration and trade:	an increase in the population of Europe	53
4758254206	A fifteenth-century European development which stimulated later exploration was:	the increase in trade the rise of nation-states the development of new naval technology	54
4758254207	The English and Spanish colonial systems differed in that:	the English Crown totally funded the colonies, whereas the Spanish Crown offered little aid	55
4758254208	The encomienda was:	a royal grant of Indian labor and land in return for protection and guidance	56
4758254209	In Canada, the French colonial empire was:	based primarily on the fur trade	57
4758254210	John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) primarily wanted to:	find the northwest passage for England	58
4758254211	The key to the success of Protestantism in England was:	widely popular anticlericalism	59
4758254212	The religious settlement of Elizabeth I:	made the Church of England Catholic in organization and ceremony, but Protestant in doctrines	60
4758254213	The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588:	totally destroyed the Spanish fleet	61
4758254214	What is TRUE regarding the English colonization of Ireland:	The experience served as a model for the colonization of America.	62
4758254215	In his attempt to settle the Roanoke colony, Sir Walter Ralegh found that:	inadequate financing and difficulty in communication and supplies doomed the project	63
4758254216	To keep the dream of America alive, Richard Hakluyt:	interviewed explorers and propagandized their stories in a book.	64
4758254217	joint-stock company	a business organization where people could invest without fear of bankruptcy. Used first for settling in Virginia	65
4758254218	Jamestown	The town Virginians started. It was on a marshy peninsula and considered the most unsuccessful village.	66
4758254219	William Penn	Penn settled Pennsylvania and tried his governor "The Holy Experiment" that didn't particularly work.	67
4758254220	Sir Thomas Gates and Sir Thomas Dale	Gates was governor of Jamestown in Virginia with Dale deputy governor. They kept colony alive but did not thrive	68
4758254221	"starving time"	Winter during 1609-1610 in VA. Some colonists even resorted to cannibalism because of lack of food.	69
4758254222	"plundering time"	1644-1646 when vigilantes roamed the country and temporarily drove Leonard Calvert out of Maryland.	70
4758254223	William Bradford	Governor of Plymouth, helped keep the alive with help of Squanto	71
4758254224	Anne Hutchinson	? women who were exiled from Massachusetts to Rhode Island for her ideas	72
4758254225	John Winthrop	Governor of Massachusetts and was very religious Puritan and believed God was displeased with England.	73
4758254226	Thomas Hooker	Connecticut's most prominent minister and helped New Englanders define congregational Church polity	74
4758254227	Captain John Smith	adventurer who instituted military discipline and perhaps saved the Virginia colony.	75
4758254228	Sir Thomas Smith	wealthy London merchant and original leader of the Virginia Company	76
4758254229	John Rolfe	Virginia settler who married Pocahontas and experimented with growing tobacco in the colony.	77
4758254230	Sir Edwin Sandys	investor who ousted the original leader of the Virginia Company and instituted colonial reforms.	78
4758254231	Lord De La Warr	governor who took over rule of Virginia in 1610	79
4758254232	Peter Stuyvesant	director-general of New Amsterdam	80
4758254233	Richard Nicolls	naval officer who was significant in New York and New Jersey's colonial histroy	81
4758254234	John, Lord Berkeley	proprietor of New Jersey who sold his claim to a group of Quakers	82
4758254235	Sir George Carteret	proprietor of New Jersey who worked in East Jersey to make a profit	83
4758254236	William Penn	Quaker who viewed his colony as a "Holy Experiment"	84
4758254237	___________ was the military leaser and religious reformer who ruled England after the execution of _______	Oliver Cornwell, Charles I	85
4758254238	The Catholic king of England who was exiled by the Glorious Revolution was ________	James II	86
4758254239	The period known as the Restoration returned _______ to the throne of England.	the Stuarts	87
4758254240	the original Virginia settlers founded the town of ________ in 1607	Jamestown	88
4758254241	Virginia's representative assembly was called the _________.	House of Burgesses	89
4758254242	A grant of land to anyone who would pay transportation costs to a colony was known as a _______.	headright	90
4758254243	A servant bound to a master for a period of time in return for transportation to a colony was an ________ servant.	indentured	91
4758254244	A small annual payment to a proprietor of a colony in exchange for a grant of land was called a ______.	quitrent	92
4758254245	____________ was one of the Pilgrims who wrote an account of their settlement.	William Bradford	93
4758254246	The Puritan who became the most important governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony was __________.	John Winthrop	94
4758254247	The "Great Migration" sent few, if any, immigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony.	False	95
4758254248	The form of church government known as Congregationalism let each congregation be independent of outside interference.	True	96
4758254249	The town meeting was the center of local government in New England	False	97
4758254250	Roger Williams was exiled from Massachusetts Bay Colony because he was a radical supporter of John Winthrop.	False	98
4758254251	Anne Hutchinson was an outspoken critic of Massachusetts Bay orthodoxy.	True	99
4758254252	Although settled by exiles, Rhode Island did no better than Massachusetts Bay in toleration of heretics.	False	100
4758254253	New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania had a very homogeneous population.	False	101
4758254254	In ruling New York, James, Duke of York, effectively used an assembly.	False	102
4758254255	George Fox, the spokesman for the Quaker religion, believed that Christ was in the soul of every man.	False	103
4758254256	Barbadians, French Hugenots, and proprietors conflicted in the ruling of Carolina.	False	104
4758254257	In the seventeenth century, Virginia and Maryland quickly developed a stable society, one especially healthy for families and child rearing.	False	105
4758254258	In colonizing North America, the English kings:	followed no plan and distributed the land haphazardly, creating overlapping territorial claims.	106
4758254259	The flow of immigrants to the English colonies in the seventeenth century:	was determined by political upheaval and economic recession.	107
4758254260	The London Company (later the Virginia Company) primarily wanted to:	make a profit through the discovery of gold and silver.	108
4758254261	In the early days of the Virginia Colony, the settlers:	preferred searching for gold to farming or guarding the settlement.	109
4758254262	The solution to the economic problems of Virginia was:	cultivation of tobacco.	110
4758254263	The Lords Baltimore viewed their colonizing project as:	a haven for English Catholics	111
4758254264	In the seventeenth century, the colonists in Massachusetts were more successful than Virginians:	in adopting a concept of corporate or community welfare.	112
4758254265	Pilgrims or Separatists left the Anglican church because they:	felt that it was still too Catholic	113
4758254266	The lives of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson indicate that:	Massachusetts Bay faced difficulties in creating the perfect society in America.	114
4758254267	In Massachusetts the electorate consisted of:	all adult male members of a Congregational Church	115
4758254268	The colony of New York:	was originally settled by the Dutch and then taken by force by the English	116
4758254269	William Penn's Frame of Government for his colony:	was based on the ideas of James Harrington.	117
4758254270	The government of the Carolinas:	was written by the Earl of Shaftesbury with help from John Locke.	118
4758254271	The economy of Carolina was:	at first diverse in agriculture and then became dependent on rice as a staple.	119
4758254272	The seventeenth-century English colonies:	had few common traits other than their loyalty to the monarch.	120
4758254273	balance of trade	the relationship within a commercial system between exports and imports. "...the mother country should establish a more favorable balance of trade".	121
4758254274	imperial system	a system organized by a powerful nation, for long-term commercial and economic gain, whose territories or colonies primarily serve the economic interests of that nation. "During the 1660s, the colonists showed little enthusiasm for the new imperial system".	122
4758254275	anarchy	the absence of any noticeable government or source of authority. "The self-serving policies, coupled with the memory of near anarchy, helped heal divisions..."	123
4758254276	misogyny	the tendency toward hatred of or discrimination against women. "The underlying misogyny of the entire culture meant that the victims were more often women than men".	124
4758254277	nuclear families	established families of mothers, fathers, and dependent children traveling to the "New World"	125
4758254278	congregational	types of churches built on family foundation and was self-governing	126
4758254279	God's "elect"	people who were chosen by God to go to heaven after death	127
4758254280	church synod	a gathering of congregational ministers (one group created half-way convent)	128
4758254281	natural rulers	rich land owners in English society	129
4758254282	indentured servant	people who agreed to serve for a number of years in exchange for passage to the "New World"	130
4758254283	freemen	indentured servants that traveled to Chesapeake and managed to fulfill their contract and be free	131
4758254284	creole society	slaves that worked on large plantations together and spoke creole (mixed English and African languages)	132
4758254285	mercantilist system	in order to gain money, a nation needs to import and export goods.	133
4758254286	"special evidence"	evidence like dreams and visions used to prosecute people who were accused of being witches.	134
4758254287	Nathaniel Bacon	led a rebellion in Virginia against Lord Berkeley's government	135
4758254288	Increase Mather	prominent New England clergyman who represented Massachusetts Bay before King William III in an effort to secure a new royal charter.	136
4758254289	Edmund Andros	governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony who was overthrown in response to the Glorious Revolution.	137
4758254290	Jacob Leisler	led the uprising in New York in the name of King William III against Anglo-Dutch ruling elite	138
4758254291	John Winthrop	first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony	139
4758254292	sumptuary law	law designed to limit the wearing of fine clothing and jewelry to the wealthy	140
4758254293	navigation act	first law passed in Parliament specifically designed to regulate American trade.	141
4758254294	staple act	parliamentary law that sated that goods could not be imported into America without passing through English ports first.	142
4758254295	plantation duty	law requiring money collected in colonial ports to be equal to English customs duties.	143
4758254296	Half Way Covenant	decision that allowed children whose parents might not be in communion with the Puritan church to be baptized into the church.	144
4758254297	the institution of slavery in the New World was, above all, an _________ system.	economic	145
4758254298	The most serious slave uprising of the colonial period was the __________.	Stone Uprising	146
4758254299	Commercial goods of great value that ere not made in England and were imported into the colonies were listed as _______	enumerated goods	147
4758254300	The war launched by the Wampanoags and Narragansetts that disrupted the economy of New England in the 1670s was ________	King Philips War	148
4758254301	The __________ in England put William and Mary on the throne and deposed the Catholic Kings James II.	Glorious Revolution	149
4758254302	the __________ of the 1630s and '40s brought approximately 20,000 persons to New England.	Great Migration	150
4758254303	The most dramatic demographic difference that contrasted Chesapeake society with that of New England was the _________.	death rate	151
4758254304	To establish a more favorable balance of ______, a nation seeks to export more than it imports.	trade	152
4758254305	The social class which politically and economically dominated Chesapeake society was the ____________.	freeman/planters	153
4758254306	rather than coming directly from Africa, most slaved who reached North America before 1680 came from _____________	Barbados or New Netherlands.	154
4758254307	William and Mary College in Virginia was the first institution of higher learning in the North American colonies	False	155
4758254308	Those who came to the Chesapeake region enjoyed longer life expectancy than those in New England.	False	156
4758254309	The first aristocrats of Virginia were mainly English gentry who emigrated to America.	False	157
4758254310	There was a significantly greater demand for slave labor in the Chesapeake colonies than in New England by the 1660s	True	158
4758254311	By 1700 at the least, the status of slaves was determined undeniably by skin color	True	159
4758254312	After the early 1800s, the increasing number of slaves can be mainly attributed to the importation of slaves from Africa or the West Indies	True	160
4758254313	Because of the Navigation Acts, smuggling of goods into America during the eighteenth century increased dramatically	False	161
4758254314	Indentured servants formed the largest social class of Chesapeake's society	False	162
4758254315	The British mercantilist system as it related to its empire was generally well thought out and organized	False	163
4758254316	Because of the hysteria and fear they generated, the Salem witchcraft trials have been compared with the McCarthy hearings of the 1950s	True	164
4758254317	the most plausible explanation for the rapid increase in population in New England was that:	New England Puritans apparently lived much longer than other colonists	165
4758254318	Education of the young during the colonial period was primarily a function of the:	family	166
4758254319	which of the following activities or responsibilities could colonial women most expect to take part in:	church activities	167
4758254320	Most farmers in the northern colonies belonged to which of the following groups:	yeoman or independent farmer	168
4758254321	Most of the settlers of the Chesapeake region emigrated as:	indentured servants	169
4758254322	Most slaves brought from Africa across the Atlantic by slave traders were sold in which of the following regions:	Brazil or the Caribbean	170
4758254323	The mercantilist system was primarily designed by the British for:	setting up commercial regulation throughout the empire	171
4758254324	the attitude of most New Englanders toward the restrictions under the Navigation Acts was to:	protest vigorously against them	172
4758254325	The issue that started Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia was the:	inability of the governor to effectively control the Indians on the frontier	173
4758254326	which of the following was NOT among the factors that influenced the Salem witchcraft persecutions:	the recent examples of persecutions throughout the colonies	174
4758254327	The most profitable and important crop of the Chesapeake region was:	tobacco	175
4758254328	the main reason for the lack of development of towns in the Chesapeake region seems to have been:	the barrenness or defects of the coastal area	176
4758254329	the uprising of Massachusetts Bay colonials in response to the Glorious Revolution was directed against the:	administration of Governor Andros	177
4758254330	The right to vote (franchise) in practically every colony was restricted on the basis of:	property ownership	178
4758254331	Regarding Christianity, most slaves in North America:	accepted it as their own but with their own cultural variations.	179

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AP US History World War 2 Flashcards

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6211830887	Neutrality Act	law that kept the US out of WW2	0
6211830888	Lend Lease Act	law that said the US can give or sell arms to other nations for the protection of the US from those countries	1
6211830889	America 1st Committee	group that favored US neutrality or isolationism	2
6211830890	Fascism	form of government that glorifies the state over the individual; demands a strong central government	3
6211830891	Totalitarian State	a government that controls all aspects of the people	4
6211830892	Inflation	the rate of increase in costs	5
6211830893	Adolf Hitler	fascist chancellor of Germany; started the rise of the Nazi Party; broke the Versailles Treaty and pretty much started WW2	6
6211830894	NAZI	Nationalist Socialist German Workers' Party; party those rose to power in Germany; led by Adolf Hitler	7
6211830895	Gestapo	Hitler's personal army; would eventually become the SS	8
6211830896	Reichstag	the government building (kind of like the White House and Capitol Building combined) that Hitler attacked and got arrested	9
6211830897	Mein Kampf	Hitler's book that is titled "My Struggle"; details his beliefs and what he would do when he gets to power; illustrates his hatred of the Jews, German imperialism; every German family had a copy but never read it	10
6211830898	Enabling Act	law that gave Hitler ultimate power to disregard any and every law in order to fix the economy; his approval rate increased due to his success in boosting the economy	11
6211830899	Nuremburg Laws	laws that banned Jews from German citizenship; targets were identified (Jews had to wear the yellow Star of David)	12
6211830900	appeasement	a compromise where 1 side gets something	13
6211830901	German Soviet Non-Aggression Pact	deal between Russia and Germany that split Poland in half; Germany takes west and Russia takes east	14
6211830902	blitzkrieg	"lightning war"; tactic to go in with as much force as you can (airforce and tanks)	15
6211830903	Maginot Line	series of defenses France put up along the border of Germany; consisted of trenches and bunkers; 60% of France became occupied in less than 1 month	16
6211830904	Puppet Government	a government that is controlled by an outside force	17
6211830905	Rape of Nanking	the capital of China was invaded by the Japanese; over 50% of the people that lived there were killed either by torture, killing competitions, or rape	18
6211830906	Blockade of Japan	impact of the rape of Nanking; the US decided to impose this as well as an embargo to ensure that Japan never hit anyone else like that ever again	19
6211830907	USS Arizona	only ship in Pearl Harbor that was not able to be salvaged and repaired; 1,177 men died in this explosion; sunk in 9 minutes; bomb hit engine and artillery room	20
6211830908	Doolittle's Raid	1st US raid on Tokyo; showed the US that we were going to come back from Pearl Harbor and fight	21
6211830909	Pearl Harbor	Japan's bombing of the US Pacific Ocean naval base; hit us hardcore; December 7th, 1941	22
6211830910	Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)	program that paid factories to change to produce war products	23
6211830911	Cost Plus Program	program that paid for materials and the finished product that companies made for the war effort	24
6211830912	Ration Cards	these limited what a person could buy; this ensured that there were enough resources for the war	25
6211830913	scrap drive	people would donate their scraps of metal for the war effort	26
6211830914	victory gardens	gardens that people would grow because of the ration cards; if there was a surplus of food, they would donate the extra to the war effort	27
6211830915	GI Bill	this paid vets to go to college and would provide housing	28
6211830916	Navajo "Code Talkers"	these people would talk in the Navajo language since it was not a written language; this was useful as the Axis Powers could not translate the code	29
6211830917	Tuskegee Air Men	group of all black fighter pilots; their job was to protect big bombers; flew over 200 missions and never lost a bomber; Eleanor Roosevelt convinced her husband to put them into combat	30
6211830918	442nd Regiment	combat team that was made up of Asians that volunteered for the military to show their loyalty to America; most decorated combat team in US history; fought in Italy and France	31
6211830919	Executive Order 9066	order given by FDR that made all Japanese people live in internment camps	32
6211830920	internment camps	camps in the US designed to hold people of Japanese descent	33
6211830921	D-Day	battle on the beaches of Normandy; June 6th, 1944; largest amphibious invasion in the history of the world; also known as Operation Overlord	34
6211830922	General Eisenhower	man who planned the D-Day invsion; hand delivered several thousand letters that he personally addressed that explained to the soldiers exactly their jobs for the invasion	35
6211830923	Atlantic Sea Wall	Germany's defense wall on the French coast; 4 million land mines	36
6211830924	101st airborne	group of paratroopers that were elite; their job was to take out the German machine guns and tanks behind enemy lines	37
6211830925	Arsenal of Democracy	weapons that were used to fight the Fascists; US gave weapons to democratic nations and Russia	38
6211830926	Destroyer Deal	the deal in which the US gave 50 destroyers to Great Britain in exchange for 8 UK bases	39
6211830927	Tehran Conference	meeting between Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt; the Big 3 agreed to focus on Germany and then Japan; 1st meeting of the Big 3	40
6211830928	Battle of the Bulge	Hitler's last offensive battle; over 10,000 US troops surrendered; Patton drove over 102 miles in 2 days to help support Allied lines; Russia eventually came in and helped	41
6211830929	Yalta Conference	2nd conference of the Big 3; they decided what to do with Germany after the war; Churchill and FDR wanted to work with Germany; Stalin=burn/crush Germany; Stalin demanded a buffer between Germany and Russia, aka Poland	42
6211830930	Pottsdam Conference	last conference of the Big 3; Prime Minister Clement, President Truman, and Stalin; debated about what to do with Germany; Truman told Stalin about the nuclear bomb	43
6211830931	VE Day	May 8th, 1945; Victory in Europe Day; millions of Jews move to Israel and make it a country	44
6211830932	Nuremberg Trials	event where the Nazis (mostly concentration camp workers) were put on trial for crimes against humanity; these went on for over a year; several Nazis were executed, some committed suicide, and some escaped to Argentina	45
6211830933	Tojo	commander of all Japanese forces; tried to kill himself with an American gun and lived because an American medic saved him; later put on trial and executed; responsible for demanding the Pearl Harbor attack	46
6211830934	Douglas MacArthur	US commander of the Pacific; "We are not retreating - we are advancing in another direction" (what a lame coverup)	47
6211830935	Bataan Death March	event in which the Japanese marched US POWs to labor camps; they marched over 60 miles in the blazing Filipino summer; there were 80,000 soldiers that were captured	48
6211830936	Island hopping	the US tactic of taking over little islands bit by bit to get close enough to bomb Japan	49
6211830937	Battle of Midway	battle that was 100% naval; midway between the US and Asia; 6 months after Pearl Harbor; turning point of the war in the Pacific; US cracked the Japanese radio code; US found out about the attack on midway and sneak attacked with aircraft carriers; result was that the Japanese fleet was no longer a threat in the war	50
6211830938	Kamikaze	Japanese suicide bombers; they added extra explosives, extra gas, and carried a short sword to take their life	51
6211830939	Bonzai Charge	famous attack in which the soldiers attached bayonets and charged the enemy while yelling "Long live the Emporer!" in Japanese	52
6211830940	Iwo Jima	battle that took place on a volcanic island; Japanese hid and traveled through cave and tunnel networks; this was where the famous Flag Raising photograph was taken	53
6211830941	Marines	main US force in the Pacific; only branch that has been in every major conflict	54
6211830942	Battle of Okinawa	largest amphibious assault in the Pacific; more people were killed than Hiroshima and Nagasaki and most casualties were civilians	55
6211830943	Harry S Truman	33rd President of the US; succeeded FDR when he died; known for being a Moderate Democrat	56
6211830944	Fire bombing	tactic that is essentially napalm; US did this to Japan and ended up destroying 50% of the country; we only lost about 240 airmen in the attacks	57
6211830945	Manhattan Project	this event's objective was to create the atomic bomb; had to split an atom in a controlled manner; Einstein came to the US and helped; thousands of scientists came to help; cost $2 billion to make 1 bomb; located in Los Alamos, New Mexico	58
6211830946	Major General Groves	military leader of the Manhattan project; created and designed the Pentagon; organzied and ensured efficiency in the project	59
6211830947	Dr. Oppenheimer	scientific leader of the Manhattan project; became obsessed with his work and could not handle stress very well; devastated at the results of dropping the bombs; "I am become death, the destroyer of worlds"	60
6211830948	Tinian Island	the island the bombers took off of to bomb Japan	61
6211830949	Little Boy	the uranium bomb; 1st bomb of its kind to be used in combat; dropped on Hiroshima	62
6211830950	Paul Tibbets	man who flew the plane that dropped Little Boy; named his plane, the Enola Gay, after his mother	63
6211830951	Hiroshima	August 6th, 1945; Little Boy was dropped and killed 70,000 immediately and then twice that much by radiation and cancer; was targeted because of its poor defense and high population	64
6211830952	Fat Man	the plutonium bomb; surrounded by smaller and slower explosives; the US only had enough plutonium to make 1 bomb; we didn't know if it would work or not but decided to go with it anyways; this bomb was two times stronger than the uranium bomb but killed half as many	65
6211830953	Nagasaki	place where Fat Man was dropped; US dropped warning pamphlets 3 days before dropping the bomb; 40,000 people were killed; most of the shock was absorbed in the hills and mountains; this place has a higher radiation poisoning	66
6211830954	VJ Day	September 2nd, 1945; the Japanese surrender and marked the end of the war; japan has never had a military since; the unofficial surrender was 6 days after Nagasaki	67
6211830955	Japanese War Crime Trials	event where many Japanese leaders were put on trial; General Tojo was put on trials; many were tried for the Rape of Nanking as well as bio chemical experiments	68
6211830956	Bio-chemical experiments	what the Japanese performed on POWs; purpose was to develop more harmful weapons using nature	69
6211830957	German Soviet Non-Aggression Pact	the agreement between Germany and Russia to split Poland	70
6211830958	V V	victory in Europe, victory at home; black civil rights movement during the war. The Double V campaign bolstered the spirits of black soldiers and strengthened African American commitments to fighting for equal rights.	71
6211830959	Spheres Of Influence	When a country has a geographical influence, like America to Southern American countries	72
6211830960	Bloc	a group of nations with similar interests, like the European countries under the influence of communism from Stalin.	73

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