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AP CSP Chapter 1 Flashcards

4944608511	Binary	a way of representing information using only two options.	0
4944610014	Bit	has a single binary value, either 0 or 1.	1
4944619426	Byte	8 bits	2
4944621774	Bandwidth	Transmission capacity measure by bit rate	3
4944623813	Bit Rate (bitrate)	the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. e.g. 8 bits/sec.	4
4944625266	Latency	Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.	5
4944627227	Protocol	A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.	6
4944642755	HTML	HyperText Markup Language - language in which the content and formatting of a web page are written.	7
4944647731	ASCII	American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.	8
4944648929	Code	to write instructions for a computer.	9
4944655748	Ethernet	Copper wire used to transmit signals that is cheap but has signal loss.	10
4944658503	Fiberoptic	Uses light to transmit signals that is fast with little signal loss but expensive and hard to work with.	11
4944661981	Radio	Wireless technology to transmit signals but has signal loss.	12
4944718532	0101	5	13
4944719627	11011	27	14
4944722258	100010	34	15
4955539698	How many bits would you need to represent 15 possible values?	4	16
4955672528	231 in Hexidecimal	E7	17
4955684324	156 in Hexidecimal	9C	18
4955697830	538 in Hexidecimal	21A	19

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AP Micro Module 8 Flashcards

Krugman for AP
Module 8
Supply and Demand: Price Controls (Ceilings and Floors)

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6350906800	price controls	legal restrictions on how high or low a market price may go	0
6350906801	price ceiling	a maximum price that can be legally charged for a good or service; results in a shortage	1
6350906802	price floor	a minimum price that can be legally charged for a good or service; results in a surplus	2
6350906803	inefficient allocation to consumers	people who want the good badly and are willing to pay a high price don't get it, and those who care relatively little about the good and are only willing to pay a low price do get it; may result from price ceiling	3
6350906804	wasted resources	people expend money, effort, and time to cope with the shortages caused by the price ceiling	4
6350906805	inefficiently low quality	sellers offer low-quality goods at a low price even though buyers would prefer a higher quality at a higher price; may result from price ceiling	5
6350906806	black market	a market in which goods or services are bought and sold illegally - either because it is illegal to sell them at all or because the prices charged are legally prohibited by a price ceiling	6
6350906807	minimum wage	a legal floor on the wage rate	7
6350906808	inefficient allocation of sales among sellers	those who would be willing to sell the good at the lowest price are not always those who actually manage to sell it; may result from price floor	8
6350906809	inefficiently high quality	sellers offer high quality goods at a high price, even though buyers would prefer a lower quality at a lower price; may result from a price floor	9

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AP Micro Module 6 Flashcards

Krugman for AP
Module 6
Supply and Demand: Supply and Equilibrium

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6350904078	quantity supplied	the actual amount of a good or service producers are willing and able to sell at some specific price	0
6350904079	supply schedule	a table that shows how much of a good or service producers will supply at different prices	1
6350904080	supply curve	a graphical representation of the supply schedule showing the relationship between quantity supplied and price	2
6350904081	law of supply	the principle that more will be supplied at higher prices and less will be supplied at lower prices; there is a direct relationship between price and quantity supplied	3
6350904082	change in supply	a change in the quantity supplied of a good or service at every price; a shift of the supply curve left or right	4
6350904083	change in quantity supplied	a movement along the supply curve that occurs to a response to a change in price	5
6350904084	input	anything that is used to produce a good or service	6
6350904085	substitutes in production	goods that are produced from the same raw materials; a high price of one leads to a decrease in the supply of the other	7
6350904086	complements in production	goods that are produced as by-products from producing another good; a high price for one leads to an increase in the supply of the other	8
6350904087	individual supply curve	illustrates the relationship between quantity supplied and price for an individual producer	9
6350904088	market supply curve	the horizontal sum of all individual supply curves	10
6350904089	equilibrium	An economic situation is in equilibrium when no individual would be better off doing something else.	11
6350904090	equilibrium price	price where quantity supplied equals quantity demanded; also called market-clearing price	12
6350904091	equilibrium quantity	the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded at the equilibrium price	13
6350904092	surplus	a situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded; this occurs when price is above equilibrium; also known as excess supply	14
6350904093	shortage	a situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied; this occurs when price is below equilibrium; also known as excess demand	15

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Music Theory AP Music Flashcards

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9463535630	Passing tone	Approached by step and then continues by step in the same direction	0
9463535631	Neighboring tone	Approached by step and then returns by step to the original note	1
9463535632	Accented neighboring tone	A neighbor tone that occurs within the second chord	2
9463535633	Anticipation	Approached by step and then remains the same	3
9463535634	Escape tone	Approached by step in them skips in the opposite direction	4
9463535635	Appoggiatura	Approached by skip and then steps in the opposite direction	5
9463535636	Suspension	Keeps a note the same and then steps downward	6
9463535637	Retardation	Keeps a note the same and then steps upward	7
9463535638	Changing tones	To non-harmonic times in succession like a double neighbor tone or neighbor group	8
9463535639	Perfect authentic cadence	Goes from V to I, root position, highest note of the I chord must be the root	9
9463535640	Imperfect authentic cadence	Goes from diminished vii to I, the V chord is inverted, OR the highest note of the I chord is not the root	10
9463535641	Deceptive cadence	Goes from V chord to any chord besides a I chord	11
9463535642	Half cadence	Goes from any chord to a V	12
9463535643	Major scale circle progressions	I> IV> vii dim> iii> vi> ii> V> I	13
9463535644	Minor scale circle progressions	i> iv> VII> III> VI> ii dim> v> i	14
9463535645	Motive	A short melody	15
9463535646	Theme	A long motif	16
9463535647	Antecedent	Question	17
9463535648	Consequent	Answer	18
9463535649	Period	Antecedent and consequent together	19
9463535650	Parallel period	Similar periods	20
9463535651	Contrasting period	More different periods	21
9463535652	Double period	The question is doubled and answer is doubled	22
9463535653	Retrograde	Backwards	23
9463535654	Elision (phase elision)	2 phrases are connected (overlap)	24
9463535655	Fragmentation	Segmenting the phrase	25
9463535656	Internal expansion	Make the inside of phrase larger but beginning and end are same	26
9463535657	Motivic transformation	Rhythmic alteration	27
9463535658	Thematic transformation	Any change	28
9463535659	Truncation	Cutting off	29
9463535660	Diatonic	In the key (major or minor scale)	30
9463535661	Chromatic	Using accidentals, notes not in key	31
9463535662	Picardy third	Minor piece with the last chord in major	32
9463535663	Resolution	Moving to a pleasant sound	33
9463535664	Common practice style	From Bach to Brahams	34
9463535665	Rondo	Aaaba Bcdcc A; ABA; ABACA; ABACABA	35
9463535666	Cadential extension	Delaying the cadence by adding material	36
9463535667	Coda	An ending (any length)	37
9463535668	Codetta	A small coda (end of sonata, perfect cadence at end)	38
9463535669	Stanza	Same music, different lyrics	39
9463535670	Strophic	AAA (same music each verse)	40
9463535671	Refrain or chorus	Repeated section (same lyrics)	41
9463535672	Verse	New lyrics each time	42
9463535673	Bridge	A contrasting section to the verse or chorus	43
9463535674	Turnaround	A chord progression that brings you back to the beginning (M6, m2, 5, 1)	44
9463535675	Song form	AABA	45
9463535676	Twelve-bar blues	I, I, I, I, IV, IV, I, I, V, IV, I, I	46
9463535677	Lead sheet	A piece of music with chords, lyrics, and melody	47
9463535678	Rhythm section	Piano, bass, drums,sometimes guitar	48
9463535679	Binary	AABB	49
9463535680	Rounded binary	ABA with B being similar to A	50
9463535681	Ternary	ABA with B contrasting A	51
9463535682	Through-composed	No repeats	52
9463535683	Theme & vaiation	Each new statement of the theme is a little varied	53
9463535684	Phrygian half	In a minor key, goes from iv^6 to V	54
9463535685	Conclusive cadence	Anything going to I (major or minor)	55
9463535686	Inconclusive cadence	Anything not going to I	56
9463535687	Predominant function	Whatever chord comes before V (resolves)	57
9463535688	Circle of fifths	A chord progression moving down a fifth each time	58
9463535689	Retrogression	A chord progression moving further than I on a circle of fifths	59
9463535690	Deceptive progression		60

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AP Psychology Chapter 15 Flashcards

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6135905965	personality	an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting	0
6135907742	unconscious	according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware	1
6135918831	Psychosexual Stages	the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones	2
6135923582	Fixation	according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved	3
6135923583	Defense Mechanisms	in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality	4
6135927160	Collective unconscious	Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history.	5
6135932963	Projective Test	personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics	6
6135934698	Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)	protective test where people express inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes	7
6135936975	Rorschach Inkblot Test	most widely used. set of ten inkblots; seeks to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the inkblots	8
6135938513	Terror-Management Theory	proposes that faith in ones world view and pursuit of self esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death	9
6135941039	Self-Actualization	ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self esteem is achieved	10
6135943669	Unconditional Positive Regard	an attitude of total acceptance toward another person	11
6135947193	Self-Concept	all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question "who am I?"	12
6135949098	Trait	characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports	13
6135951318	Personality Inventory	questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors	14
6135953371	Minnesota Mulitphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)	most widely used; originally developed to identify emotional disorders, how used for many other screening purposes	15
6135956429	Empirically Derived Test	developed by testing a pool of items and selecting those that discriminate between groups	16
6135959187	Reciprocal Determinism	Interacting influences between personality and environmental factors	17
6135960825	Personal Control	our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless	18
6135969285	Locus of Control (External and Internal)	perception that one controls ones own fate	19
6135965830	Learned Helplessness	hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events	20
6135968011	Positive Psychology	concerned not only with weakness and damage but also with strength and virtue	21
6135972246	Self-Esteem	ones feelings of high or low self-worth	22
6135974172	Self-Serving Bias	a readiness to perceive oneself as favorable	23

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AP Bio: Chapter 8 Flashcards

metabolism

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8175016518	metabolism	totality of an organism's chemical reactions	0
8175016519	metabolic pathway	begins with specific molecule, ends with product; each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme	1
8175018622	catabolic pathway	release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds	2
8175018623	anabolic pathway	consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones	3
8175022342	bioenergentics	studies how organisms use their energy	4
8175022343	energy	capacity to cause change, some can perform work	5
8175030762	potential energy	energy because of position and structure	6
8175025295	kinetic energy	energy of movement	7
8175025296	heat (thermal energy)	kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms/molecules	8
8175030763	chemical energy	potential energy released in a chemical reaction	9
8175697796	thermodynamics	study of energy transformations	10
8175701371	entropy	measure of disorder	11
8175707791	free energy	can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform	12
8175718338	free energy formula	change in free energy (G) = change in total energy (H) - temperature in kelvin (T) x change in entropy (S) ΔG = ΔH - TΔS	13
8175707792	exergonic	proceeds with net release of free energy, spontaneous	14
8175707956	endergonic	absorbs free energy, nonspontaneous	15
8175759598	energy coupling	using an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one	16
8175761452	phosphorylation	metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.	17
8175761453	catalyst	chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction	18
8175764431	enzyme	catalytic protein	19
8175767674	free energy of activation/ activation energy (Ea)	initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction	20
8175770383	substrate	reactant enzyme acts on	21
8175772142	enzyme substrate complex	a temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules	22
8175772143	active site	region where substrate binds to an enzyme	23
8175774714	induced fit	binds chemical groups of active site into position to enhance their ability to catalyze reactions	24
8175774715	cofactors	nonprotein enzyme helpers	25
8175774716	coenzyme	an organic cofactor required for enzyme activity	26
8175778457	competitive inhibitor	binds to an active site, competes with the substrate	27
8175778458	noncompetitive inhibitor	binds to another part of an enzyme, makes the enzyme change shape and the active site less effective	28
8175782123	allosteric regulation	either inhibits/stimulates enzymes; occurs when regulatory molecule binds to a protein at one site and affects protein's function at another site	29
8175788474	cooperativity	form of allosteric regulation that amplifies enzyme activity	30
8175788475	feedback inhibition	end product of metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway- prevents cell from wasting chemical resources	31

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AP Courriel - Mots Utiles Flashcards

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9792367292	pour améliorer	in order to improve	0
9792367308	sensibiliser	to raise awareness for	1
9792500242	diminuer	to decrease	2
9792367293	pour appuyer	in order to support	3
9792546213	empirer	to get worse	4
9792367300	réussir	to succeed	5
9792367302	offrir	to offer	6
9792509279	profiter de	to benefit - take advantage of	7
9792367307	envisager	to consider	8
9792637022	je vous envoie	I am sending you	9
9792641175	vous recevrez	you will receive	10
9792367294	une personne qui aide, qui soutient, qui encourage	person who helps, encourages	11
9792662656	satisfait	satisfied	12
9792367291	la communauté	the community	13
9792367295	ma candidature	my candidacy	14
9792367303	je suis enthousiaste à l'idée de (+ infinitif)	I am enthusiastic thinking about	15
9792482503	un boulot	a job	16
9792863360	un emploi	a job	17
9792869478	un poste	a position	18
9826000769	un stage	an internship	19
9826003360	stagiaire	trainee, intern	20
9792487452	un dossier	a file	21
9826019532	un parcours	a route	22
9826028253	un délais	a time frame	23
9792877893	des renseignements	some information	24
9792889811	votre équipe	your team	25
9792490268	une bourse	a grant	26
9793825494	le succès	success	27
9792534043	un défi	a challenge	28
9792541544	les gens	people	29
9792626149	le patrimoine	cultural heritage	30
9792680280	j'ai hâte de	I can't wait to I look forward to	31
9975815291	Les syndicats	Unions	32
9975820650	une grève	a strike	33

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AP Biology Prefix and Suffix Flashcards

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6575433899	a-, an-	no; lacking; none	0
6575433900	ab-	away from; out from	1
6575433901	ad-	to; toward	2
6575433902	ampibi-	leading a double life	3
6575433903	an-	without	4
6575433904	andro-	masculine; man	5
6575433905	ante-	before; ahead of time	6
6575433906	antero-	front	7
6575433907	anti-	against	8
6575433908	ap-	to, toward	9
6575433909	aqu-	water	10
6575433910	auto	self	11
6575433911	bi-	two; twice; double	12
6575433912	bio, bi	life; living	13
6575433913	cardi-	heart	14
6575433914	caud-	tail	15
6575433915	cell-	storeroom; chamber	16
6575433916	centi-	hundredth	17
6575433917	cephal-	head	18
6575433918	chlor-	green	19
6575433919	-cide	killing	20
6575433920	coel-	hollow	21
6575433921	counter-	against	22
6575433922	cuti-	skin	23
6575433923	-cycle, cyci-	ring, circle	24
6575433924	intra-	within; inside	25
6575433925	deca-	ten	26
6575433926	derm-	skin	27
6575433927	di-	two; double	28
6575433928	dors-	back	29
6575433929	echin	spiny; prickly	30
6575433930	ect-	outside; without	31
6575433931	epi-	on; above	32
6575433932	erythro-	red	33
6575433933	extra-	beyond; outside of	34
6575433934	ex-	out of	35
6575433935	fis-	split	36
6575433936	gastro-	stomach	37
6575433937	-gest	carry, produce	38
6575433938	glottis-	mouth of windpipe	39
6575433939	gymno-	naked	40
6575433940	hem-	blood	41
6575433941	herb-	grass	42
6575433942	hetero-	different, other	43
6575433943	hist-	tissue	44
6575433944	homo-	same; alike	45
6575433945	hypo-	beneath; under; less	46
6575433946	hyper-	above; beyond; over	47
6575433947	im-	not	48
6575433948	inter-	between	49
6575433949	pro-	forward; favoring	50
6575433950	iso-	equal; same	51
6575433951	kilo-	thousand	52
6575433952	-less	without	53
6575433953	leuc-	white; bright; light	54
6575433954	lip-	fat	55
6575433955	-logy	study	56
6575433956	med-	middle	57
6575433957	mes-	middle; half; intermediate	58
6575433958	met- ; meta-	between; along; after	59
6575433959	micro	small	60
6575433960	milli-	thousandth	61
6575433961	mito-	thread; fillament	62
6575433962	morph-	shape; form	63
6575433963	multi-	many	64
6575433964	paleo-	old, ancient	65
6575433965	permea-	pass; go	66
6575433966	phag-	eat	67
6575433967	pheno-	show	68
6575433968	-phyll	leaf	69
6575433969	-pod	foot	70
6575433970	ploy-	many; several	71
6575433971	pre-	before; ahead of time	72
6575433972	post-	after; behind	73
6575433973	proto-	first; primary	74
6575433974	pseud-	false; deceptive	75
6575433975	quadr-	four; four fold	76
6575433976	re-	again; back	77
6575433977	rhiz-	root	78
6575433978	saccharo-	sugar	79
6575433979	semi-	half; partly	80
6575433980	sept-	partition; seven	81
6575433981	sperm-	seed	82
6575433982	spher-	ball	83
6575433983	strat-	layer	84
6575433984	sub-	under; below	85
6575433985	super-	above; over; on top of	86
6575433986	sym- ; syn-	together	87
6575433987	therm-	heat	88
6575433988	trans-	across	89
6575433989	tri-	three	90
6575433990	troph-	one who feeds; well fed	91
6575433991	ultra-	beyond	92
6575433992	vas-	vessel	93
6575433993	vice-	in place of	94
6575433994	zo-; -zoa	animal	95
6575433995	zyg-	yolk	96
6575433996	im-	not	97
6575433997	inter-	between	98

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Ensayo Persuasivo - AP Spanish Flashcards

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6148952718	En la sociedad en que vivimos	In the society in which we live	0
6148952719	En el mundo de hoy	In today's world	1
6148952720	Hoy en día	Nowadays	2
6148952721	actualmente	currently	3
6148952722	la fuente	source	4
6148952723	la (primera, segunda, tercera) fuente	the (first, second, third) source	5
6148952724	la fuente auditiva	audio source	6
6148952725	el artículo	the article	7
6148952726	la entrevista	the interview	8
6148952727	La grabación	the recording	9
6148952728	la gráfica	the graph/chart el gráfico = the graph	10
6148952730	ambas/ las dos fuentes	both sources	11
6148952731	De acuerdo con.../ Según...	According to...	12
6148952732	A pesar de (que)...	In spite of...	13
6148952733	La verdad es...	The truth is...	14
6148952734	También hay que considerar...	It's also important to consider...	15
6148952735	Teniendo en cuenta que	Taking into consideration	16
6148952736	Los datos de la fuente muestran que...	The facts from the source show...	17
6148952737	Es evidente( seguro, cierto, obvio) que...	It is evident (certain, true, obvious) that...	18
6148952738	Dado que...	Given that...	19
6148952739	Puesto que...	Since, given that....	20
6148952740	Ya que..	Since, given that...	21
6148952741	Debido a	Due to	22
6148952742	A diferencia de...	Unlike...	23
6148952743	De la misma manera...	In the same way...	24
6148952744	En cambio...	On the other hand...	25
6148952745	Por otro lado...	On the other hand...	26
6148952746	Sin embargo	However, nevertheless	27
6148952747	en vez de	instead of	28
6148952748	Está(n) relacionado(a, as, os) con...	It is (they are) related to...	29
6148952749	Iqual que...	The same as...	30
6148952750	Sino	But (rather), when offering alternative to negative statement	31
6148952751	Tanto... como...	Both... as well as...	32
6148952752	Así que...	Therefore, thus...	33
6148952753	A fin de cuentas...	After all, In the end...	34
6148952754	De todas formas/ maneras...	In any case...	35
6148952755	Por consiguiente...	Consequently,	36
6148952756	Al fin y al cabo	In the end, when all is said and done	37
6148952757	A fin de cuentas	In the end, after all	38
6148952758	Para resumir	To summarize	39
6148952759	Para concluir,	To conclude,	40
6148952760	En fin	Finally	41

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