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AP Psych - Intelligence Flashcards

Chapter 10: Intelligence

Psychology. Schacter Gilbert Wegner, Second Edition

4806649800	intelligence	The ability to direct one's thinking, adapt to one's circumstances, and learn from one's experiences.	0
4806649801	ratio IQ	A statistic obtained by dividing a person's mental age by the person's physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100.	1
4806649802	deviation IQ	A statistic obtained by dividing a person's test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying he quotient by 100.	2
4806649803	factor analysis	A statistical technique that explains a large number of correlations in terms of a small number of underlying factors.	3
4806649804	two-factor theory of intelligence	Spearman's theory suggesting that every task required a combination of a general ability (which he called g) and skills that are specific to the task (which he called s).	4
4806649805	fluid intelligence	The ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences.	5
4806649806	crystallized intelligence	The ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience.	6
4806649807	prodigy	A person of normal intelligence who has an extraordinary ability.	7
4806649808	savant	A person of low intelligence who has an extraordinary ability.	8
4806649809	emotional intelligence	The ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning.	9
4806649810	fraternal twins (also called dizygotic twins)	Twin who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperm.	10
4806649811	identical twins (also called monozygotic twins)	Twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm.	11
4806649812	heritability coefficient	A statistic (commonly denoted as h^2) that describes the proportion of the difference between people's scores that can be explained by differences in their genes.	12
4806649813	shared environment	Those environmental factors that are experiences by all relevant members of a household.	13
4806649814	non-shared environment	Those environmental factors that are not experienced by all relevant members if a household.	14
4819351842	test bias and having to report their race	These are two reasons minority students as a group tend to score lower on IQ tests	15
4819359610	Flynn Effect	The gradual increase in intelligence scoring over time/generations	16
8935106829	Multiple Intelligence Theory	Gardner's Approach - Verbal, Logical, Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Natural, Musical, Visual	17
8935121695	IQ Bias Factors	Language, Culture, Stereotype Threat	18

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AP Psychology Confusing Pairs Flashcards

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9608088536	Independent variable vs. Dependent Vairable	What is tested vs. What is measured	0
9608088537	Random selection vs. Random Assignment	Selection of subjects for a study vs. Assigning subjects to experimental or control groups in a study	1
9608088538	Experimental Group vs. Control Group	Group that is tested vs. Group compared to the experimental, i.e receives the placebo in a drug experiment	2
9608088539	Left Brain vs. Right Brain	Language and logic vs. Creative and spatial	3
9608088540	Corpus Callosum vs. Cerebral Cortex	Attaches the 2 hemispheres vs. Covers the brain (brain hat)	4
9608088541	Sympathetic Nervous System vs. Parasympathetic	STRESS - "Flight-orfight" vs. PEACE - Calming	5
9608088542	Neurotransmitters vs. Hormones	In between neurons in nervous system vs. From glands In the endocrine system	6
9608088543	Lateral Hypothalamus vs. Ventromedial Hypothalamus	Stimulates hunger vs. Suppresses hunger	7
9608088544	Broca's Area vs. Wernicke's Area	Makes words vs. Comprehends words	8
9608088545	Identical Twins vs. Fraternal Twins	Same fertilized egg vs. Two seperate eggs	9
9608088546	Afferent Neurons vs. Efferent Neurons	Sensory, body to the brain vs. Motor, brain to the body	10
9608088547	Assimilation vs. Accommodation	All four-legged animals are "doggies" vs. "Doggies" are different than "Kitties"	11
9608088548	Concrete Operations vs. Formal Operations	Logical thinking vs. Philosophical thinking	12
9608088549	Sensation vs. Perception	Bottom-up Processing vs. Top-down processing	13
9608088550	Rods vs. Cones	Night vision vs. Color vision	14
9608088551	Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning	Involuntary (reflex) vs. Voluntary	15
9608088552	Positive Reinforcement vs. Negative Reinforcement	Any reward following a desirable behavior that increases the behavior vs. Ending, taking away something bad ie "time-out" - this increases good behavior	16
9608088553	Primacy Effect vs. Recency Effect	First items remembered vs. Last items remembered	17
9608088554	Proactive Interference vs. Retroactive Interference	Loss of the new info b/c of old vs. loss of the old info b/c of new	18
9608088555	Implicit Memory vs. Explicit Memory	Non-declarative; skills vs. Declarative, facts	19
9608088556	Recall Memory vs. Recognition Memory	No cues/fill-in vs. Some hints/multiple choice, matching	20
9608088557	Algorithms vs. Heuristics	Step-by-step vs. Rule-of-thumb	21
9608088558	Representative Heuristics vs. Availability Heuristics	Stereotypes vs. Based on available info, planes safer than cars	22
9608088559	Phonemes vs. Morphemes	Basic sound units vs. Basic units of meaning	23
9608088560	Fluid Intelligence vs. Crystallized Intelligence	"Brain power" vs. Acquired knowledge	24
9608088561	Validity vs. Reliability	Test measure what it should vs. Same scores on a retest	25
9608088562	Achievement Test vs. Aptitude Test	What you've learned vs. What you can do	26
9608088563	Intrinsic Motivation vs. Extrinsic Motivation	For personal satisfaction vs. For rewards or to avoid punishment	27
9608088564	Theory Y vs. Theory X	Democratic vs. Rewards or punishment	28
9608088565	Internal Locus vs. External Locus	Controlling the environment vs. The environment controls you	29
9608088566	Lithium vs. Librium	Treats bi-polar vs. Treats anxiety	30
9608088567	Type A vs. Type B	High stress vs. Low stress	31
9608088568	Psychoanalysis vs. Psychotherapy	Sigmund Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts & actions to unconscious & conflicts vs. Treatment involving psychological techniques	32
9608088569	Latent Content vs. Manifest Content	According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream vs. According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream	33

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AP Psychology Unit 4 Flashcards

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7798090549	Sensation	Process by which our sensory receptors recieve stimulus energies from the environment	0
7798090550	Perception	Process by organizing and interpreting sensory information. Enabling us to recognize meaningful events/objects	1
7798090551	Bottom-Up Processing	Begins with sensory receptors that send up to the brain	2
7798090552	Top-Down Processing	Conducted by higher level mental processes, construct drawings on experiences and expectations Example: Michelle one time had a comment given to her in a specific pitch (offensive comment). Now, every time she hears a comment in that pitch she finds it offensive.	3
7798090553	Selective Attention	Focusing on conscious awareness on a particular stimulus Example: My selective attention right now is doing this quizlet.	4
7798090554	Cocktail Party Effect	Example: Hearing your name at the other side of the room. or when we hear there will be a pop quiz, you will immediately question if we have one	5
7798090555	Inattentional Blindness	Failing to see visible objects when our attention is elsewhere Example: When you're texting and driving. You're attention is only on the phone; thus, you get into a car crash.	6
7798090556	Change Blindness	Failure to see changes in the environment Example: Not noticing the change in desks in a classroom	7
7798090557	Change Blindness includes :	Change Deafness Choice Blindness	8
7798090558	Change Deafness	People ignore or tune you out because you have changed Example: Daniella's father likes Marco Rubio. Daniella doesn't like Marco Rubio. Whenever Daniella makes a comment about Marco Rubio her father tunes her out.	9
7798090559	Choice Blindness	Choosing to ignore something because you don't like it Example: Son who tells parent he is gay. Parent will ignore that the son is gay and act like he isn't.	10
7798090560	Psychophysics	Study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience on them	11
7798090561	Absolute Threshold	Minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular stimuli 50% of the time	12
7798090562	Signal-Detection Theory	When we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid loud background noise w/out having to achieve threshold based on alertness experience	13
7798090563	Subliminal	Below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness Example: Brushing our teeth, we don't think about it. (natural)	14
7798090564	Priming	Predisposing one's perception, memory, or response Example: Showing a scary photo of a clown. Later someone shows the image of a man, but the person thinks the man is scary due to them being primed w/ the stimulus of being scared already.	15
7798090565	Difference Threshold (nickname = noticeable difference)	Minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time	16
7798090566	Weber's Law	To be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by constant percentage	17
7798090567	Sensory Adaptation	Diminished sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation Example: Stare at a photo of a man (the eye) parts of vision is lost & face starts to disappear	18
7798090568	Transduction	Conversion of one form of energy into another, transforming of stimulus energies such a sights	19
7798090569	Wavelength	Distance from one peak of light or sound wave to the next	20
7798090570	Intensity	Hight of sound wave; amount of energy in a light or sound wave perceived as brightness or loudness	21
7798090571	Hue	Dimension of color the wavelength produces	22
7798090572	Physical Properties of Waves	Short= Blue Long=Red Great Amplitude= Bright Colors Low Amplitude=Dull Colors	23
7798090573	Pupil	Adjustable opening in the eye which light enters	24
7798090574	Cornea	Transparent part of eye that protects it all	25
7798090575	Iris	Ring of muscle tissue surrounding pupil (color portion) controls opening and closing	26
7798090576	Lens	Transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape to help focus	27
7798090577	Retina	Light-sensitive inner-surface of the eye, containing receptor rods and cones, first stage of visual processing	28
7798090578	Eyeball Anatomy		29
7798090579	Rods	Help you see at night, black/white/grey, peripheral vision	30
7798090580	Cones	Retinal receptor cells, work well in day-time, colors, details	31
7798090581	(Retina) Optic Nerve	Nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to brain	32
7798090582	Fovea	Central focal point in retina, where eye's cones cluster	33
7798090583	Blind Spot	Point at which optic nerve leaves eye, no more receptor cells are located there	34
7798090584	Visual Info.	Scene Retinal Processing- receptor rods & cones Feature Detection- cells respond to specific features Parallel Processing- brain cell gets info. about color/depth Recognition- brain interprets images based on info.	35
7798090585	Feature Detectors	Cells in brain that detect structures of stimuli (shape,angle,movement)	36
7798090586	Parallel Processing	Our brain is able to detect details consciously and unconsciously Example: We see a flock of birds and are able to describe it	37
7798090587	Young-Helmoholtz Trichromatic Theory	Theory that retina contains 3 color receptors (Red-Green-Blue) sensitive eyes If you're color blind you can't see 1 or 2 colors	38
7798090588	Monochromatic Vision	You only see one of the three colors	39
7798090589	Dichromatic Vision	We can see two of these colors	40
7798090590	Opponent Processing Theory	Colors cancel out Red-Green Blue-Yellow Black-White	41
7798090591	Audition	Sense of act or hearing	42
7798090592	Amplitude is how	Tall the wave is, reason it's called amplitude is due to the loudness	43
7798090593	Frequency	How often wavelength shows up	44
7798090594	Pitch	Tone of sound you're listening to; highness or lowness	45
7798090595	Outer Ear contains ____ & ____	-Auditory Canal -Ear Drum	46
7798090596	Sound waves travel down ______ to the _____	Auditory Canal, Eardrum	47
7798090597	The ear drum is able to process sound how?	By hitting w/ vibrations	48
7798090598	Auditory Canal		49
7798090599	Ear Drum		50
7798090600	Middle Ear contains ____, ____, and ____ The functions of those three bones are to	Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup Send vibrations	51
7798090601	Outer & Middle Ear Anatomy		52
7798090602	Vibrations from the ear drum go to the ____	Hammer	53
7798090603	The hammer then transfers _____ to the ____	Vibrations, anvil	54
7798090604	Anvil is connected to the ____	stirrup	55
7798090605	Inner Ear contains ____, ____, ____, ____, & ____	Cochlea, canals, and vestibular sacs, oval window, & auditory nerve	56
7798090606	Cochlea	Bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger neural impulses	57
7798090607	Between the stirrup and cochlea there is a ____	Oval Window	58
7798090608	Oval Window	Space between stirrup and cochlea that pounds the cochlea	59
7798090609	Someone who has vertigo has no	Fluid filled in their cochlea	60
7798090610	Auditory Nerve	Sends neural impulses form ear to brain	61
7798090611	Auditory Cortex	Our brain will process things we see	62
7798090612	Basilar Membranes Hair Cells	Help interpret loudness of sound & compressed sons (muffled noises)	63
7798090613	Place Theory (Cochlea)	High pitched sounds	64
7798090614	Frequency Theory (Auditory Nerve)	Low pitched sounds	65
7798090615	Stereophonic Hearing	Cellphones & headphones Example: Placing a phone in a cup	66
7798090616	Localization of Sounds	Speed of sounds	67
7798090617	Conduction Hearing Loss (Middle Ear)	Hearing aids amplify sound & start up mechanisms	68
7798090618	Sensorineural Hearing Loss (Inner Ear)	Damage to receptor cells of cochlea	69
7798090619	Cochlea Implant	Insides skull attached to cochlea; converts sound to neural impulses	70
7798090620	Types of Touch	Pressure Warmth Cold Pain	71
7798090621	Kinesthesis	System for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts, how we sense body parts moving Example: Knowing that your arm is by your side and how far you need to move it to pick up and object	72
7798090622	Vestibular Sense	Sense of body movement and position including sense of balance, controlled by the hair in your ears	73
7798090623	Nociceptors	Responsible for telling your brain that something hurts	74
7798090624	Gate Control Theory	Theory that spinal cord contains a "gate" that blocks pain signals or lets pass depending on how bad the pain is Example: While you're playing sports you won't feel pain because the increase of endorphins. Though, when you get home you'll realize something hurts.	75
7798090625	Phantom Limb Sensations	When you get your leg amputated and your brain thinks the pain is still there	76
7798090626	Tinnitus	Phantom sound Example: When you think your phone is ringing or you get a text message sound.	77
7798090627	Taste	Sweet, sour, salty, and bitter	78
7798090628	Umami	Savory taste, proteins to grow and repair tissues	79
7798090629	Age and tastebuds	When you get older your tastebuds begin to die	80
7798090630	Sensory Interaction	Principle that one sense may influence another, interaction of smell and taste (McGurk Effect) Example: "It smells just like it tastes" "It looks as good as it smells" Connections with a Peppermint Mocha to winter	81
7798090631	Smell Olfaction *Chemical Sense	Example: Chemicals in perfume don't react well with the nose	82
7798090632	*Odor Molecules	Example: The perfume chemicals Chemicals of the odor that will interact with the nose	83
7798090633	*Olfactory Bulb	Part of nose that receives smell	84
7798090634	*Olfactory Nerve	Never that sends smell to brain	85
7798090635	Our sense of smell is near the ____ part of our brain	Memory	86

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AP Human Geography Population Flashcards

These are the vocabulary words from Rubenstein's AP Human Geography textbook.
Chapter-1: Thinking Geographically
Chapter-2: Population
Chapter-3: Migration
Chapter-4: Folk and popular culture
Chapter-5: Language
Chapter-6: Religion
Chapter-7: Ethnicity
Chapter-8: Political Geography
Chapter-9: Development
Chapter-10: Agriculture
Chapter-11: Industry
Chapter-12: Services
Chapter-13: Urban Patterns
Chapter-14: Resource Issues

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9682358942	agricultural revolution	the development of farming	0
9682358943	arithmetic density	The total number of people divided by the total land area	1
9682358944	Census	A complete enumeration of a population	2
9682358945	Crude Birth Rate (CBR)	The number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society	3
9682358946	Crude Death Rate (CDR)	The number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people alive in a society	4
9682358947	Demographic Transition	the process of change in a society's population as a combination of medical advances and economic development, affecting a population's desire and ability to control its own birth and death rates	5
9682358948	Demography	the scientific study of population characteristics	6
9682358949	Dependency ratio	the number of people under 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people in the workforce	7
9682358950	Doubling Time	the number of years it takes for an area's population to double	8
9682358951	Ecumene	the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement	9
9682358952	Epidemiological transition	The a distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition. Explains how countries' population change.	10
9682358953	Infant Mortality Rate	The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old per 1000 live births in a society	11
9682358954	Life Expectancy	The average number of years an individual can be expected to live given current social, medical, and economic conditions.	12
9682358955	Medical Revolution	medical technology from Europe and North America that was used to eliminate many diseases in the developing world	13
9682358956	Megalopolis	Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world.	14
9682358957	Natural Increase Rate (NIR)	The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate (NIR=CBR-CDR)	15
9682358958	Overpopulation	a situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living	16
9682358959	Physiological Density	The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture	17
9682358960	Population Composition	Structure of population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education	18
9682358961	Population Density	A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land	19
9682358962	Population Distribution	Description of locations on Earth's surface where populations live	20
9682358963	Population Pyramid	A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex	21
9682358964	Sex ratio	the ratio of men to women	22
9682358965	Standard of living	Goods and services and their distribution within a population	23
9682358966	Total Fertility Rate (TFR)	The average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years.	24
9682358967	Zero population growth (ZPG)	A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.	25
9682358968	Agricultural Density	The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.	26
9682358969	Major Population Clusters -- East Asia	1/4 global population: East China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan	27
9682358970	Major Population Clusters -- South Asia	1/4 of global population: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka	28
9682358971	Major Population Clusters -- Southeast Asia	600 million people: Indonesia, Philippines, and the river deltas of the Indochina peninsula	29
9682358972	Major Population Clusters -- Europe	600 million people: 50 countries mostly clustered in Western Europe in Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, and France	30
9682358973	Industrial Revolution	a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods and drastically altered society	31
9682358974	Thomas Malthus	(1766-1834) An English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in food production, which would lead to widespread famine and disease.	32
9682358975	One Child Policy	Chinese policy used to control population growth which began in the 1980's and restricted families to having only one child.	33
9682358976	Family Planning	The practice of controlling the number and frequency of children conceived usually through the use of contraception or voluntary sterilization.	34
9682358977	Sterilization	any process that eliminates a person's ability to produce children	35
9682358978	Epidemiology	The branch of medical science that is concerned with identifying, fighting, and preventing disease.	36
9682358979	Pandemic	Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.	37
9682358980	Dr. John Snow	(1813-1858) English physician who used hand-drawn data layering on maps of London to identify and treat a cholera epidemic	38
9682358981	Sustainability	the level of development that can be maintained without depleting resources	39

8652188802	anachronistic	mis-dated; out of the proper time	0
8652188803	anathema	something hated; an object of dislike	1
8652188804	avuncular	friendly & helpful; able to advise; like an uncle	2
8652188805	aspersions	damaging, derogatory remarks or criticisms	3
8652188806	exonerate	to clear or free from guilt or blame	4
8652188807	perfunctory	performed merely as a routine duty; hasty and superficial	5
8652188808	salubrious	healthy; wholesome; good for you	6
8652188809	sardonic	mocking, cynical, sneering	7
8652188810	taciturn	silent and stern; reserved; disinclined to speak	8
8652188811	transient	fleeting, temporary, not lasting	9

9907718688	Aeneid Book I.1-54	Introduction of Aeneas and explanation of Juno's wrath.	0
9907718689	Aeneid Book I.55-80	Introduction of Aeolus and his response to Juno's request for a storm to destroy Aeneas' fleets.	1
9907718690	Aeneid Book I.81-123	The description of the storm and how Aeneas wished he was dead.	2
9907718691	Aeneid Book I.124-156	Neptune appeared to calm the storm and punished Aeolus for overstepping his boundary, and his action soothed Aeneas' men hearts.	3
9907718692	Aeneid Book I.157-209	Aeneas and his men turned toward the shore of Libya where they dried their food, Aeneas went hunting, and he gave a speech to encourage his men.	4
9907718693	Aeneid Book I.418-440	Aeneas saw the Tyrians working on building their city from a hill and he compared their working effort to the bees. REMEMBER THE BEES.	5
9907718694	Aeneid Book I.494-578	Aeneas was looking at Dido from the hill and she was compared to Diana. Aeneas spotted the missing Trojan while still hidden in the cloud, he heard the conversation. Dido welcomed him.	6
9907718695	Aeneid Book II lines 40-56	Aeneas is telling Dido of the events of the Trojan War. Laocoon, priest of Neptune warns them about trusting the horse. Laocoon hurls a spear at the horse. Aeneas laments their fate.	7
9907718696	Aeneid Book II lines 201-228	Snakes come from the neighboring islands of Tenedos and kill Laocoon and his sons. Laocoon is compared to a sacrificial bull.	8
9907718697	Aeneid Book II lines 229-249	The Trojans take Laocoon's death as a sign and bring the horse not the city. Their pride and the celebration prevents them from hearing the Greeks inside the horse. Their fate is sealed.	9
9907718698	Aeneid Book II lines 268-297	Troy is attacked in the night by the Greeks hiding inside the horse who were let out by Sinon.Hector appears to Aeneas in a dream as he appeared when he was killed by Achilles. He tells him to leave and take the gods of Troy with him. Troy was destined to fall.	10
9907718699	Aeneid Book II lines 559-620	Aeneas sees Priam murdered in the temple. He runs back to the city to save his father Anchises, his son Julus, and his wife Creusa. He sees Helen hiding and wants to kill her but he is stopped by his mother Venus. Creusa dies while trying to flee with Aeneas but she tells Aeneas to move on and go.	11
9907718700	Aeneid Book 4 Lines 160-218	Dido and Aeneas get "married" by Juno. Then Fama spreads it through the great cities of Libya with great swiftness. Fama goes straight for Iarbas and tells him. Iarbas gets upset and pleads to his father to take away Aeneas from Dido.	12
9907718701	Aeneid Book 4 Lines 259-361	Jupiter sends Mercury down to tell Aeneas to go back in his own path. Aeneas thinks about it then says that he will leave Carthage. Aeneas decides to leave at night. Dido sees them leave and gets upset.	13
9907718702	Aeneid Book 4 Lines 659-705	Dido is very sad at this point as she watched her husband sail away. She talks with her sister. Then, the next day, she commits suicide.	14
9907718703	Aeneid Book 6, Lines 295-314	Aeneas, with the Sibyl, reaches the shores of Tartarus, and sees the ferryman Charon. He pushes a little boat to transport souls across the river, and the souls of the dead crowd the shores to reach him.	15
9907718704	Aeneid Book 6, Lines 315-332	Charon takes some souls, but not others. Aeneas asks the Sibyl why. She says that the people who are unburied cannot cross the Styx for 100 years, so they wander on the shores. Aeneas thinks about their fate.	16
9907718705	Aeneid Book 6, Lines 384-410	Aeneas and the Sibyl approach the shore, and Charon sees them. He greets them with hostility, mentions other times heros got on his boat. The Sibyl explains they're friendly and shows the golden twig. Charon is moved and comes to shore.	17
9907718706	Aeneid Book 6, Lines 411-425	Huge Aeneas gets in the boat and crosses the swamp. The Cerberus guards the gates and barks loudly. The Sibyl throws drugged cakes, and he falls asleep. They leave the shore.	18
9907718707	Aeneid Book 6, Lines 450-476	Aeneas encounters Dido in the underworld. Immediately he speaks to her with love, trying to explain that his leaving was the will of the gods and that he never wanted to go. She doesn't respond to his pleas, and instead flees to her former husband, who matches her love. Aeneas tries to follow distraught, but cannot.	19
9907718708	Book 6, Lines 847-899	Anchises is speaking about how much better others will do stuff (sculpt, debate, map, and astronomy). Romans should be rulers, and makes prophecies of what will come in Roman history. After wandering for awhile, Anchises leads them to two gates. One is an easy exit, the other is one of false dreams. Naturally Anchises sends them through the false dreams one, because Virgil was edgy.	20
9907718709	Caesar Book 1.1	Introduction to Gaulish geography	21
9907718710	Caesar Book 1.2	Orgetorix's introduction and his plan. Explanation of Helvetian geography and psychology.	22
9907718711	Caesar Book 1.3	Helvetii mobilise under Orgetorix's leadership. Orgetorix sends private embassies to Casticus and Dumnorix.	23
9907718712	Caesar Book 1.4	Orgetorix foiled and dies	24
9907718713	Caesar Book 1.5	Helvetii carry out plan, destroy everything except what they carry with them and are joined by friends.	25
9907718714	Caesar Book 1.6	Helvetii on march encounter Rome	26
9907718715	Caesar Book 1.7	Helvetii request passage through Province, Caesar mobilises and delays answer to request.	27
9907718716	Caesar Book 4.24	Romans try and beach britain but lose confidence as they are not skilled to fight in water as the british are on dry land.	28
9907718717	Caesar Book 4.25	Caesar orders war ships to transport vessels and this scares the barbarians and causes them to retreat a little. Standard bearer hypes up the men and jumps off the ship leading them into battle	29
9907718718	Caesar Book 4.26	Caesar's men are embarrassing themselves because they can't fight properly so caesar sends in support ships to help their lads out	30
9907718719	Caesar Book 4.27	The Britains and Caesar negotiate terms of peace. Commius is returned to the Romans. Caesar basically calls them out for making war with him without reason but forgives their ignorance and demands hostages. They set up a formal surrender in a few days.	31
9907718720	Caesar Book 4.28	A storm picks up and offsets the ships at the upper port with the calvary. Some ships are pushed back to Gaul, some are damaged.	32
9907718721	Caesar Book 4.29	Now the tide comes in which no Roman was aware of. Every ship at sea is in a wreck, lost, or flooded. The whole army is thrown into confusion. They need parts and grain.	33
9907718722	Caesar Book 4.30	when the Britians saw Caesar without men, ships, or food they thought to renew the war.	34
9907718723	Caesar Book 4.31	Caesar w the comeback gets his men food from the countryside and sneaks off wood and brass to repair the ships for night travel	35
9907718724	Caesar Book 4.32	the barbarians try and make plays but because the Romans saw too much dust in the distance, the barbarians end up getting played and surrounded by legions and cohorts	36
9907718725	Caesar Book 4.33	talks about the ways in which they fight on chariot	37
9907718726	Caesar Book 4:34	Caesar helped at the right time but only escaped instead of full scale battle. Storms follow for several days. Barbarians rally local barbarians to kill the romans and throw off their yoke forever	38
9907718727	Caesar Book 4.35	Caesar saw this coming and met them halfway and killed the barbarians with the help of Commius and his calvary. They routed, killed and burned what they had left.	39
9907718728	Caesar Book 4.36	Caesar negotiates peace and receives double the hostages he asked for previously	40
9907718729	Caesar 5.24	Caesar distributed his legions among several states so that he could fix the problem of the scarce amount of corn being distributed.	41
9907718730	Caesar 5.25	Tasgetius was a high ranking, wealthy Carnute. He was killed in his third year of ruling by his enemies who included many that were part of his state. Caesar learned of the death and was informed that all his legions were fortified in their winter-quarters.	42
9907718731	Caesar 5.26	Some of Caesar's troops were attacked by Ambiorix and Cativolus while they were gathering food and supplies. Quickly other troops came in and drove off the enemies.	43
9907718732	Caesar 5.27	Ambiorix reveals the plans of the Gauls to join with the Germans, and attack the winter-quarters, all in the same day. Ambiorix says that because he owes Caesar, he is giving him notice. He promises to let them have safe passage through his territory.	44
9907718733	Caesar 5.28	After hearing the want of Caesar's troops to fight the enemies, a Council came together to debate whether they should fight and wait for Caesar's orders or flee. One reason to stay was that they sustained the attacks from the Germans. Another reason was that they shouldn't believe what the enemy says.	45
9907718734	Caesar 5.29	Titurius believed that they would decide too late and that the Germans already are assembling to fight. He talks about their loss of Gaul and the death if Ariovistis was very impactful. He also doubts Ambiorix's "plan" of surrendering. Ambiorix should be feared and they should prepare for danger.	46
9907718735	Caesar 5.30	After both sides made their case, Sabinus tells the soldiers that he hopes he is not the only one that is well aware of the disaster that is bound to happen. He says that the troops will experience war and they will die by sword or by famine.	47
9907718736	Caesar 5.31	The debate continues till midnight. Cotta is overruled and Sabinus' plan wins. They decide to leave at daybreak. All the soldiers gather their things while making a great amount of noise. They have everything ready, yet they are tired, to easily leave because they believed in Ambiorix to allow them to pass without harm.	48
9907718737	Caesar 5.32	The enemy are waiting outside the winter quarters for the arrival of the Romans. They attack them as they are in a valley and unready.	49
9907718738	Caesar 5.33	Sabinus runs around scared and without a plan. Cotta tries his best as he thought this might happen. The soldiers try to get a battle line together by telling everyone to drop baggage and get into formation. General chaos everywhere.	50
9907718739	Caesar 5.34	The barbarians had a good plan and were very organized. Many Romans fought bravely and killed many enemy even if abandoned by their leader (Sabinus). Ambiorix guides enemy to avoid well-organized Romans.	51
9907718740	Caesar 5.35	Long day of fighting outside winter quarters of Sabinus and Cotta. Brave Titus Balventius is wounded. Quintus Lucanius is killed helping his son. Cotta is wounded while encouraging his men.	52
9907718741	Caesar 5.36	Sabinus sends an interpreter to Ambiorix to ask for surrender. He asks Cotta if he wants to have a meeting: Cotta refuses to go up to an armed enemy.	53
9907718742	Caesar 5.37	Sabinus talks to Ambiorix, is surrounded and killed. Cotta is killed while fighting. Lucius Petrosidius throws the eagle into the ramparts and dies. Survivors kill themselves. Some escape and tell Labienus what happened.	54
9907718743	Caesar 5.38	Ambiorix is happy and gets more Gauls (Nervii) excited to fight. They set sights on Cicero.	55
9907718744	Caesar 5.39	Many head to Cicero's winter quarters and capture (again) men gathering wood and supplies. They attack the calvary and then the legion. Romans barely sustain attack and enemy confident of victory.	56
9907718745	Caesar 5.40	They send messages to Caesar. Cicero fortifies the winter quarters and fill the ditch. They work day and night.	57
9907718746	Caesar 5.41	Two Nervians give Cicero the same offer that Ambiorix gave to Sabinus. Cicero says that no Roman would accept the offer of an armed enemy. Cicero offers to send a message to Caesar.	58
9907718747	Caesar 5.42	The Nervii build fortifications of their own around the camp outside of Cicero's winter quarters.	59
9907718748	Caesar 5.43	7th day of attack. There is a big fire. The enemy begins to scale the walls of Cicero's winter quarters. The Romans fight bravely.	60
9907718749	Caesar 5.44	Pullo and Vorenus.	61
9907718750	Caesar 5.45	The worst day of the battle. A Nervian volunteers to send a message about the attack on Cicero's winter quarters to Caesar.	62
9907718751	Caesar 5.46	Caear receives the message about the attack on Cicero's winter quarters and send his own to gather troops.	63
9907718752	Caesar 5.47	Crassus and Fabius are coming to help troops at Cicero's winter quarters with a legion but Labienus is afraid to leave and get attacked himself.	64
9907718753	Caesar 5.48	Goes with the two legions to help Cicero. Cicero finally gets the letter from the tower, reads it to his men and sees the signs of legions in the distance.	65
9907718754	Caesar Book 6.13	Caesar describes the two kinds of men in Gaul. (He describes how many common people are essentially slaves, and turn over their rights to more powerful people when they are oppressed or overwhelmed by debt or etc.) The first is that of the Druids. The Druids interpret religious matters and perform sacrifices. They decide legal disputes. There is one Druid whom reigns supreme over the others. Once per year, they assemble in the territory of the Carnutes to decide disputes. Caesar also supposes that the Druid order was begun in Britain.	66
9907718755	Caesar Book 6.14	The Druids aren't involved in war or paying taxes. Many Druids were sent to the organization by family, and spend up to 20 years learning verses. However, they don't write them down, because they don't want the common folk to be able to learn them and because it's more rigorous to memorize them without writing. They believe in a form of reincarnation, and tell the youth about astronomy.	67
9907718756	Caesar Book 6.15	The second order is the knights. They are usually engaged in war every year, and excel in that respect. Those born into good families receive many slaves. This is the lifestyle that they choose to live.	68
9907718757	Caesar Book 6.16	Caesar describes the Gallic practice of human sacrifice. They sacrifice those who are seriously ill or prisoners, and the Druids preside over these ceremonies. They do it to please the gods. Most of the time, they create giant figures and put the sacrifices inside of them for burning. When they can't sacrifice a guilty person, sometimes they resort to sacrificing innocent people to please the will of the gods.	69
9907718758	Caesar Book 6.17	The Gauls worship many gods, but especially like Mercury. They consider him to be the top god, and worship Apollo (avoiding disease), Mars (wars), Jupiter (command of heavenly beings), and Minerva (works and trades) below him. For Mars, they sacrifice animals and take spoils of war and place them in sacred locations. It is a crime to either hide these things in your house or attempt to take one, and the punishment for this is death by torture.	70
9907718759	Caesar Book 6.18	The Gauls think that they are descended from the god Dis (AKA Pluto). This is a Druid teaching. They use this belief to justify their division of days "so that day follows night". Additionally, children are not allowed to openly approach their father in public until they can fight in war.	71
9907718760	Caesar Book 6.19	In marriage, both men and women have a dowry, and all of this money is put into a singular account. Whoever survives longer gets the money that is in this account. Fathers have authority over life of their wives and children, and if a father dies and there is a suspicion that he might have been murdered, an investigation is launched. Gallic funerals involve burning all of the things which they held dear to the deceased person, including animals and slaves.	72
9907718761	Caesar Book 6.20	It is not allowed to tell rumors or secrets about the state behind the state's back. This is because more inexperienced men heard false rumors and went crazy because of them. It's up to the magistrates to decide what the common people should and should not know about the state.	73

6309520706	Gene Expression	process by which DNA directs synthesis of proteins	0
6309520707	Transcription	-synthesis of RNA under direction of DNA -DNA serves as template for assembling complementary RNA molecule -resulting RNA molecule faithful transcript of gene's protein-building instructions -occurs in nucleus	1
6309520708	Messenger RNA (mRNA)	RNA molecule that carries genetic message from DNA to protein synthesizing machinery of cell	2
6309520709	Translation	-synthesis of polypeptide -occurs under direction of mRNA -change in language-cell must translate base sequence of mRnA molecule into amino acid sequence of polypeptide -occurs in cytoplasm	3
6309520710	Ribosomes	-sites of translation -complex particles that facilitate orderly linking of amino acids into polypeptide chains	4
6309520711	Primary Transcript	initial RNA transcript from any gene, including those coding for RNA that is not translated into protein	5
6309520712	Triplet Code	genetic instructions for polypeptide chain written in DNA as series of non-overlapping, 3 nucleotide words	6
6309520713	Template Strand	DNA strand that provides pattern/template for sequence of nucleotides in RNA transcript	7
6309520714	Codons	mRNA base triplets written 5'-3' direction	8
6309520715	Reading Frame	grapings w/ symbols w/ message that needs to be translated to written language	9
6309520716	RNA Polymerase	-pries 2 strands of DNA apart -joins RNA nucleotides as they base pair along DNA template -assemble polynucleotides 5' -> 3' -can start chain from scratch-no primer needed	10
6309520717	Promoter	DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription	11
6309520718	Terminator	sequence that signals end of transcription in bacteria	12
6309520719	Transcription Unit	stretch of DNA transcribed into RNA molecule	13
6309520720	Transcription Factors	proteins that mediate binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription	14
6309520721	Transcription Initiation Complex	complex of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to promoter	15
6309520722	TATA Box	crucial promoter DNA sequence	16
6309520723	RNA Processing	enzymes in eukaryotic nucleus modify pre-mRNA in specific ways before genetic messages dispatched to cytoplasm	17
6309520724	5' Cap	modified form of guanine added onto 5' end after transcription 1. facilitates export of mature mRNA from nucleus 2. helps protect mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes 3. helps ribosomes attach to 5' end of mRNA once mRNA reaches cytoplasm	18
6309520725	poly-A Tail	-50-250 more A nucleotides added to 3' end by enzyme 1. facilitates export of mature mRNA from nucleus 2. helps protect mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes 3. helps ribosomes attach to 5' end of mRNA once mRNA reaches cytoplasm	19
6309520726	RNA splicing	removal of large portions of RNA molecule initially synthesized	20
6309520727	Introns	noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lie between coding regions	21
6309520728	Exons	nucleotide regions that are expressed, usually translated into amino acid sequences	22
6309520729	Spliceosome	interacts w/ certain sites along introns, releasing intron and joining together 2 exons that flanked intron	23
6309520730	Ribozymes	RNA molecules that function as enzymes, can b/c: 1. RNA single stranded, region of RNA molecule may base-pair w/ complementary region elsewhere in same molecule-gives molecule particular 3D structure-essential to catalytic function of ribozymes, just like in enzymatic proteins 2. some RNA bases have functional groups that may participate in catalysis 3. ability of RNA to hydrogen bond w/ other nucleic acid molecules-adds specificity to catalytic activity	24
6309520731	Alternative RNA Splicing	many genes can give rise to 2+ polypeptides, depending on which segments are treated as exons during RNA processing -# different protein products > # genes	25
6309520732	Domains	functional regions part of protein architecture	26
6309520733	Transfer RNA (tRNA)	transfer amino acids from cytoplasmic pool of AA to ribosome	27
6309520734	Anticodon	nucleotide triplet that base pairs of complementary codon of mRNA	28
6309520735	Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases	-able to bind to different tRNAs that code for specific amino acid -catalyzes covalent attachment to tRNA -> aminoacyl tRNA released from enzyme -available to deliver AA to growing polypeptide chain of ribosome	29
6309520736	Wobble	flexible base pairing at codon position	30
6309520737	Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)	made in nucleolus, make up ribosomal subunits	31
6309520738	P Site (peptidyl-tRNA site)	holds tRNA carrying growing polypeptide chain	32
6309520739	A Site (aminoacyl-tRNA site)	holds tRNA carrying next AA to be added in chain	33
6309520740	E Site (exit site)	where discharged tRNAs leave ribosome	34
6309520741	Release Factor	protein that binds to stop codon @ A site	35
6309520742	Polyribosomes	-strings of ribosomes trailing along mRNA -enables cells to make many copies of polypeptide quickly	36
6309520743	Signal Peptide	-targets protein to ER -marks if polypeptide of proteins destined for endomembrane system or for secretion	37
6309520744	Signal Recognition Particle (SRP)	brings ribosome to receptor protein into ER membrane	38
6309520745	Signal Mechanism for Targeting Proteins to ER	1. polypeptide synthesis begins on free ribosome in cytosol 2. SRP binds to signal peptide, halting synthesis momentarily 3. SRP binds to receptor proteins in ER membrane (receptor is part of protein complex w/ membrane and signal cleaving enzyme) 4. SRP leaves, and polypeptide synthesis resumes w/ simultaneous translocation across membrane (signal peptide stays attached to translocation complex) 5. signal cleaving enzyme cuts off signal peptide 6. rest of complexed polypeptide leaves ribosome and folds into final conformation	39
6309520746	Mutations	-change into genetic information of cell -responsible for huge diversity of genes found along organisms	40
6309520747	Point Mutations	-chemical changes in a single base pair of a gene -if occurs in a gamete, can be transmitted to offspring and future generations	41
6309520748	Base Pair Substitutions	replacement of one nucleotide and its partner w/ another pair of nucleotides	42
6309520749	Missense Mutations	-change one amino acid to another -new amino acid may have properties similar to replaced amino acid, or may be in region where exact sequence of amino acids not essential to proteins functions	43
6309520750	Nonsense Mutation	-change codon for amino acid into stop codon -causes translation to be terminated prematurely -resulting polypeptide shorter than polypeptide encoded by normal gene	44
6309520751	Insertions	additions of nucleotide pairs in gene	45
6309520752	Deletion	losses of nucleotide pairs in gene	46
6309520753	Frameshift Mutations	-# nucleotides inserted/deleted NOT multiple of 3 -may alter reading frame of genetic message	47
6309520754	Mutagen	physical and chemical agents that interact w/ DNA that cause mutations	48

5908394491	Brazen	(adj) Bold and without shame	0
5908396734	Poignantly	(adv) very touching; keenly distressing to the mind or feelings	1
5908400684	Capered	(v) frolicked: jumped playfully	2
5908403238	Obsequious	(adj) Overly submissive and eager to please	3
5908407749	Erudite	(adj) Learned, scholarly, bookish	4
5908412852	Caustic	(adj) Biting in wit, sarcastic; burning	5
5908419809	Satiric	(adj) ridiculing to show weakness in order to make a point, teach	6
5908429869	Sanguineous	(adj) Optimistic, cheerful	7
5908431694	Sardonic	(adj) cynical; scornfully mocking	8
5908434045	Forthright	(adj) frank, direct, straightforward	9

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8461427163	abrir	to open	0
8461427164	andar	to walk around	1
8461427165	apagar	to turn off	2
8461427166	aprender	to learn	3
8461427167	ayudar	to help	4
8461427168	bailar	to dance	5
8461427169	bajar	to go down	6
8461427170	bañarse	to bathe	7
8461427171	beber	to drink	8
8461427172	buscar	to look for	9
8461427173	caerse	to fall down	10
8461427174	cambiar	to change	11
8461427175	caminar	to walk (1)	12
8461427176	cantar	to sing	13
8461427177	cerrar	to close	14
8461427178	cocinar	to cook	15
8461427179	comenzar	to begin, commence	16
8461427180	comer	to eat	17
8461427181	compartir	to share	18
8461427182	comprar	to buy	19
8461427183	conocer	to know (person, place), meet (someone)	20
8461427184	contar	to count, tell	21
8461427185	contestar	to answer	22
8461427186	correr	to run	23
8461427187	cortar	to cut	24
8461427188	creer	to believe	25
8461427189	dar	to give	26
8461427190	deber	should	27
8461427191	decir	to say, tell	28
8461427192	dejar	to leave (a thing), to allow	29
8461427193	descansar	to rest	30
8461427194	despertarse	to wake up	31
8461427195	dibujar	to draw	32
8461427196	dormir	to sleep	33
8461427197	empezar	to begin, to start	34
8461427198	encender	to turn on, to light	35
8461427199	encontrar	to find	36
8461427200	enseñar	to teach	37
8461427201	entender	to understand	38
8461427202	entrar	to enter	39
8461427203	escribir	to write	40
8461427204	escoger	to choose	41
8461427205	escuchar	to listen	42
8461427206	esperar	to wait for, hope	43
8461427207	estar	to be (location, condition, emotion)	44
8461427208	estudiar	to study	45
8461427209	explicar	to explain	46
8461427210	ganar	to win	47
8461427211	gastar	to spend	48
8461427212	gritar	to yell, scream	49
8461427213	gustar	to please	50
8461427214	hablar	to talk	51
8461427215	hacer	to make, do	52
8461427216	ir	to go	53
8461427217	jugar	to play	54
8461427218	lavar	to wash	55
8461427219	leer	to read	56
8461427220	limpiar	to clean	57
8461427221	llamar	to call	58
8461427222	llegar	to arrive	59
8461427223	llevar	to wear, carry	60
8461427224	mirar	to watch	61
8461427225	morir	to die	62
8461427226	nadar	to swim	63
8461427227	necesitar	to need	64
8461427228	oir	to hear	65
8461427229	olvidar	to forget	66
8461427230	pagar	to pay	67
8461427231	pasar	to pass	68
8461427232	pedir	to ask for (something)	69
8461427233	peinarse	to comb	70
8461427234	pensar	to think	71
8461427235	perder	to lose	72
8461427236	poder	to be able	73
8461427237	poner	to put	74
8461427238	preguntar	to ask (a question)	75
8461427239	querer	to want	76
8461427240	romper	to break	77
8461427241	saber	to know (facts, how to), find out	78
8461427242	sacar	to take out, get	79
8461427243	salir	to leave (a place), go out	80
8461427244	saltar	to jump	81
8461427245	seguir	to follow	82
8461427246	sentarse	to sit	83
8461427247	sentir	to feel	84
8461427248	ser	to be (time, origin, characteristic)	85
8461427249	subir	to go up	86
8461427250	tener	to have	87
8461427251	terminar	to end	88
8461427252	tocar	to touch, play (an instrument), knock	89
8461427253	tomar	to take, drink	90
8461427254	trabajar	to work	91
8461427255	traer	to bring	92
8461427256	vender	to sell	93
8461427257	venir	to come	94
8461427258	ver	to see	95
8461427259	vestirse	to dress	96
8461427260	viajar	to travel	97
8461427261	vivir	to live	98
8461427262	volver	to return	99
8461427263	a causa de	on account of, because of	100
8461427264	actualmente	presently	101
8461427265	ahora mismo	right now	102
8461427266	a mi parecer	in my opinion	103
8461427267	a pesar de todo	in spite of everything	104
8461427268	de ninguna manera	by no means	105
8461427269	en cuanto a	regarding, with respect to	106
8461427270	en realidad	actually	107
8461427271	en vista de que	considering that	108
8461427272	es cierto que	it is true that, it is certain that	109
8461427273	es seguro que	it is sure that	110
8461427274	hace poco	a short while ago	111
8461427275	hay que tomar en cuenta que	one must realize that	112
8461427276	hoy día	nowadays	113
8461427277	lo esencial es	what is essential is	114
8461427278	lo importante es	what is important is	115
8461427279	lo que importa es	what matters is	116
8461427280	sin duda	without a doubt	117
8461427281	sobre todo	above all	118
8461427282	además de	furthermore, in addition	119
8461427283	al mismo tiempo	at the same time	120
8461427284	con respecto a	with respect to	121
8461427285	conforme a	according to	122
8461427286	de hecho	in fact	123
8461427287	el caso es	the fact is	124
8461427288	entonces	then	125
8461427289	igualmente	equally	126
8461427290	las razones por las que	the reasons for which	127
8461427291	para continuar	to continue	128
8461427292	para ejemplificar	to exemplify	129
8461427293	para ilustrar	to illustrate	130
8461427294	por eso	therefore	131
8461427295	principalmente	firstly, especially	132
8461427296	al contrario de	in contrast to	133
8461427297	ambos	both	134
8461427298	a pesar de que	despite	135
8461427299	aunque	although	136
8461427300	de la misma manera	in the same way	137
8461427301	de lo contrario	otherwise	138
8461427302	en cambio	on the other hand	139
8461427303	en vez de	instead of	140
8461427304	no obstante	however, nevertheless	141
8461427305	por la mayor parte	for the most part	142
8461427306	por otro lado	on the other hand	143
8461427307	por un lado	on one hand	144
8461427308	sin embargo	however, nevertheless	145
8461427309	sino que	but rather	146
8461427310	al considerar	upon consideration of	147
8461427311	así que	thus, so, therefore	148
8461427312	como resultado de	as a result of	149
8461427313	debido a	owed to, because of	150
8461427314	en todo caso	in any case	151
8461427315	por	because of	152
8461427316	por consiguiente	accordingly, consequently	153
8461427317	por lo mismo	for the same reason	154
8461427318	resulta que	it turns out that	155
8461427319	se debe tomar en cuenta	one must take into account	156
8461427320	al fin y al cabo	when all is said and done	157
8461427321	en conclusión	in conclusion	158
8461427322	en resumen	in summary	159
8461427323	en resumidas cuentas	in short	160
8461427324	para concluir	to conclude	161
8461427325	para resumir	to summarize	162
8461427326	según	according to	163
8461427327	comenta	he/she comments	164
8461427328	indica	he/she indicates	165
8461427329	muestra	he/she shows	166
8461427330	interpreta	he/she interprets	167
8461427331	argumenta	he/she argues	168
8461427332	concluye	he/she concludes	169
8461427333	distingue	he/she distinguishes	170
8461427334	justifica	he/she justifies	171
8461427335	resume	he/she summarizes	172
8461427336	fuente	source	173
8461427337	primera fuente	first source	174
8461427338	segunda fuente	second source	175
8461427339	tercera fuente	third source	176
8461427340	la fuente auditiva	the audio source	177
8461427341	la entrevista	the interview	178
8461427342	el gráfico	the graphic	179
8461427343	las tres fuentes	the three sources	180
8461427344	acceder	to access	181
8461427345	adivinar	to guess	182
8461427346	a escala global, a escala mundial	on a global scale	183
8461427347	alcanzar	to reach, to succeed	184
8461427348	aprobar una hipótesis	to confirm a hypothesis	185
8461427349	arriesgarse	to run the risk of	186
8461427350	asombroso	astonishing	187
8461427351	el automóvil híbrido	the hybrid car	188
8461427352	los avances médicos	medical advances	189
8461427353	avanzar	to advance	190
8461427354	la bomba atómica	the atom bomb	191
8461427355	la búsqueda	the search	192
8461427356	la calidad de vida	the quality of life	193
8461427357	la célula madre	the stem cell	194
8461427358	el celular, el móvil	the cell phone	195
8461427359	calcular	to estimate	196
8461427360	la computación en la nube	the cloud computing	197
8461427361	concienciar, concientizar de	to make aware of	198
8461427362	el conocimiento	the knowledge	199
8461427363	con rapidez, velocidad	speed	200
8461427364	contundente	convincing, conclusive	201
8461427365	la credibilidad	credibility	202
8461427366	un derrumbe de tierra	a landslide	203
8461427367	descomponerse	to break down	204
8461427368	desentrañar	to figure out, to get to the bottom of	205
8461427369	la (des)ventaja	the (dis)advantage	206
8461427370	el diluvio	the downpour	207
8461427371	disminuir	to reduce	208
8461427372	distraer	to distract	209
8461427373	el dron	the drone plane	210
8461427374	la energía eólica	the wind power	211
8461427375	en la actualidad	at present	212
8461427376	enlazar	to connect	213
8461427377	estar enganchado a	to be hooked on	214
8461427378	la exploración espacial	the space travel	215
8461427379	la fábrica	the factory	216
8461427380	fabricar	to manufacture	217
8461427381	facilitar	to facilitate	218
8461427382	falta de ética profesional	lack of professional ethics	219
8461427383	el fenómeno	the phenomenon	220
8461427384	el fin justifica los medios	the end justifies the means	221
8461427385	el fracaso	the failure	222
8461427386	impedir	to impede	223
8461427387	impulsar	to propel, to drive	224
8461427388	un incendio	a fire	225
8461427389	la ingeniería	the engineering	226
8461427390	ingresar datos	to enter in data	227
8461427391	la inteligencia artificial	the artificial intelligence	228
8461427392	investigar	to research	229
8461427393	lograr	to achieve	230
8461427394	el logro	the achievement	231
8461427395	la máquina	the machine	232
8461427396	el aparato	the apparatus	233
8461427397	el mecanismo	the mechanism	234
8461427398	medir	to measure	235
8461427399	la meta	the goal	236
8461427400	el monopolio	the monopoly	237
8461427401	el ordenador	the computer	238
8461427402	la pantalla táctil	the touch screen	239
8461427403	una paradoja, una contradicción	a paradox, a contradiction	240
8461427404	la pérdida de tiempo	the waste of time	241
8461427405	potencialmente	potentially	242
8461427406	preguntarse	to wonder	243
8461427407	la propensión	the tendency	244
8461427408	proporcionar	to provide, to supply	245
8461427409	el puente	the bridge	246
8461427410	quedarse sin batería	to run out of battery (charge)	247
8461427411	rechazar	to reject	248
8461427412	recorrer el mundo	to travel the world	249
8461427413	una sequía	a drought	250
8461427414	el siglo veinte	the twentieth century	251
8461427415	sospechar	to suspect	252
8461427416	la suposición	the assumption	253
8461427417	la tableta	the (computer) tablet	254
8461427418	tomar una decisión	to make a decision	255
8461427419	traspasar los límites	to overstep the limits	256
8461427420	trasplantar	to transplant	257
8461427421	la vigilancia electrónica	the electronic surveillance	258
8461427422	la zona gris	the gray area	259
8461427423	los abuelos	grandparents	260
8461427424	los bisabuelos	great-grandparents	261
8461427425	los tatarabuelos	great-great-grandparents	262
8461427426	los hermanos	siblings	263
8461427427	los hijos	children	264
8461427428	la madrastra	step mother	265
8461427429	la madre	mother	266
8461427430	el matrimonio	marriage	267
8461427431	los novios	lovers, bride/groom	268
8461427432	la nuera	daughter-in-law	269
8461427433	el padrastro	step father	270
8461427434	el padre	father	271
8461427435	los primos	cousins	272
8461427436	los suegros	parents-in-law	273
8461427437	el yerno	son-in-law	274
8461427438	abrazar	to hug	275
8461427439	tomarle afecto	to become affectionate	276
8461427440	amar	to love	277
8461427441	declararle el amor	to declare love	278
8461427442	amoroso	loving	279
8461427443	besar	to kiss	280
8461427444	el beso	kiss	281
8461427445	darle cariño	to give affection	282
8461427446	ser cariñoso	to be affectionate	283
8461427447	casarse con	to marry	284
8461427448	tener compasión por	to have compassion for	285
8461427449	enamorarse de	to fall in love with	286
8461427450	llevar una alianza	to form an alliance	287
8461427451	admirar	to admire	288
8461427452	la alabanza	praise	289
8461427453	alabar	to praise	290
8461427454	apreciar	to appreciate	291
8461427455	declararle homenaje	to declare tribute	292
8461427456	aceptar	to accept	293
8461427457	aconsejar	to advise	294
8461427458	ayudar	to help	295
8461427459	colaborar	to colaborate	296
8461427460	compartir	to share	297
8461427461	comprender	to understand	298
8461427462	gozar de la intimidad	to enjoy intimacy	299
8461427463	perdonar	to forgive	300
8461427464	ponerse de acuerdo	to agree	301
8461427465	ser cordial con	to be cordial with	302
8461427466	tener amigos entrañables	to have affectionate friends	303
8461427467	el aniversario	anniversary	304
8461427468	el cumpleaños	birthday	305
8461427469	el día de santo	saint's day	306
8461427470	arraigarse	to take root	307
8461427471	arreciar	to intensify	308
8461427472	arrepentirse de	to repent for, to regret	309
8461427473	atreverse a	to dare to	310
8461427474	conllevar	to entail, to involve	311
8461427475	malvado	evil	312
8461427476	propio	own	313
8461427477	cansarse	to get tired	314
8461427478	confundirse	to make a mistake, to be confused	315
8461427479	estar interesada	to be interested	316
8461427480	estar mareado	to be dizzy	317
8461427481	estar molesto	to be annoyed	318
8461427482	estar melancólico	to be melancholic	319
8461427483	resistir la modorra	to resist drowsiness	320
8461427484	tener estrés	to be stressed	321
8461427485	los conflictos	conflicts	322
8461427486	los desacuerdos	disagreements	323
8461427487	los disgustos	annoyances	324
8461427488	las disputas	disputes, arguments	325
8461427489	dominar	to dominate	326
8461427490	el engaño	trick, deception	327
8461427491	los insultos	insults	328
8461427492	luchar	to fight, to struggle	329
8461427493	menospreciar	to underestimate, to think less of	330
8461427494	las peleas	fights, arguments	331
8461427495	las rivalidades	rivals	332
8461427496	fiel	faithful	333
8461427497	flexible	flexible	334
8461427498	humilde	humble	335
8461427499	piadoso	devout	336
8461427500	sensible	sensible	337
8461427501	tolerante	tolerant	338
8461427502	competente	competent	339
8461427503	decisivo	decisive	340
8461427504	independiente	independent	341
8461427505	motivado	motivated	342
8461427506	valiente	brave	343
8461427507	engañoso	deceitful	344
8461427508	feroz	ferocious	345
8461427509	frívolo	frivolous	346
8461427510	manipulador	manipulator	347
8461427511	perezoso	lazy	348
8461427512	gruñón	grumpy	349
8461427513	terco	terse, stubborn	350
8461427514	vanidoso	vain	351
8461427515	chismoso	gossipy	352
8461427516	desagradable	disagreeable	353
8461427517	insoportable	unbearable	354
8461427518	rígido	rigid	355
8461427519	severo	severe	356
8461427520	apacible	calm	357
8461427521	conforme	happy, satisfied, in agreement	358
8461427522	dependiente	dependent	359
8461427523	desordenado	untidy	360
8461427524	intenso	intense	361
8461427525	serio	serious	362
8461427526	compasivo	compassionate	363
8461427527	seguro	sure	364
8461427528	mimado	spoiled	365
8461427529	misántropo	misanthropist, hater of humankind	366
8461427530	introvertido	introvert	367

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