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AP Bio - Cells Flashcards

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5593211090EukaryoteA cell that has DNA is enclosed in a nucleus, and other membrane-bound organelles.0
5593225790ProkaryoteA cell that contains no organelles and does not have the DNA enclosed in a nucleus. Only Bacteria and Archaea.1
5593249069NucleusA cell part enclosed by a membrane that contains DNA2
5593261057RibosomeA molecule made of RNA and protein that synthesizes proteins by translating RNA into amino acids3
5593281204PeroxisomeA cell part containing peroxidase that breaks down hydrogen peroxide, a byproduct of cell metabolism4
5593310884LysosomeA specialized vesicle that contains catalytic enzymes and digests complex molecules, often wastes.5
5593329433Endoplasmic ReticulumAn inter-connected membrane that assists with the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins (Rough ER) and lipids (Smooth ER)6
5593357179Golgi ApparatusMembrane responsible for the final modification, sorting, and distribution of proteins and lipids.7
5593364628MitochondriaA membranous organelle that synthesizes ATP during cellular respiration. Contains own DNA and can self-replicate.8
5593377333VacuoleA vesicle specialized for storage of fluids or materials within a cell.9
5593387373ChloroplastThe site of photosynthesis in plant cells.10
5593400354Cell WallA rigid external layer of material surrounding cells of plants, fungi, bacteria, and some protests.11
5593415104Cell MembraneA phospholipid bilayer responsible for regulation of substances moving into and out of the cell.12
5593450308CelluloseComplex carbohydrate that comprises cell walls13
5593464776DiffusionThe net movement of ions or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration14
5593472974OsmosisThe passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane.15
5593483904Facilitated DiffusionWhen specialized membrane proteins aid the movement polar and charged molecules across the cell membrane16
5595581228HypertonicSolution containing dissolved substances at a higher concentration than the cell it surrounds17
5595598742HypotonicSolution containing dissolved substances at lower concentrations than the cell it surrounds18
5595608632IsotonicEqual concentrations of water inside and outside of a cell.19
5595616484PlasmolysisWhen cells shrink due to outward osmotic movement of water.20
5595625448TurgidWhen cells are distended due to internal pressure of water.21
5595643703Active TransportMovement of ions against a concentration gradient across a membrane from the side with the lower concentration to the side with the higher concentration.22
5595660988EndocytosisWhen molecules are brought into a cell by being engulfed by the cell membrane, which then forms a vesicle.23
5595677708ExocytosisWhen molecules are removed from cells by fusion of a secretory vesicle with the cell membrane.24
5595697448Gap JunctionsA channel between cells that allows passage of ions and small molecules.25
5595704204PlasmodesmataA small channel in the cell wall that connects plant cells.26
5595757730ParacrineHormone signaling that only affects nearby cells; ex. nerve synapses.27

AP BIO Chapter 6 Flashcards

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5008367186Plasma MembraneDouble membrane, outer rim of cell, Lets only select things in and out of cell0
5008367187Cell WallOnly in plants-CELLULOSE, surrounds plasma membrane, protects and gives cells shape1
5008367188ChromatinTangles of long strands of DNA, nucleus, packed into chromosomes when cell reproduces2
5008367189NucleolusA semi-large region, nucleus, produces ribosomes that are involved in protein synthesis3
5008367190RibosomesTiny cell particles (not membrane bound), cytoplasm, synthesis proteins4
5008367191CytoplasmClear fluid, lies outside nucleus/ surrounds organelles, site of protein assembly5
5008367192Endoplasmic reticulumFolded membrane (one rough[ribomsomes] one smooth), cytoplasm, network of interconnected systems6
5008367193Golgi ApparatusClosely stacked, cytoplasm, delivers proteins to plasma membrane7
5008367194VacuoleSac of fluid, cytoplasm, stores food-enzymes and other materials needed by cell8
5008367195lysosomessurrounded by membrane, cytoplasm, digests excess or worn out cell parts9
5008367196mitochondriahighly folded inner membrane, cytoplasm, food molecules are broken down to create energy10
5008367197chloroplastsdisc shaped, plant cells, transform light energy to CE11
5008367198Chlorophyllgreen pigment, thylakoid membrane, traps energy from sunlight12
5008367199plastidsdifferent color pigments, plant cells, storage13
5008367200cytoskeletonthin fibrous elements, throughout the cell, supports cell and organelles14
5008367201microtubulesthin,hollow cylinders-cytoskeleton, provides protein to to cytoskeleton15
5008367202ciliahair like, plasma membrane, moves fluid over cell surface16
5008367203flagella"whip like" and long, one or two per cell17
5008367204intermediate filamentsfibrous proteins that are (keratin) that are coiled into thicker cables and filaments18
5008376326intercellular junctionsplants-plasmodesmata -channels between cells through adjacent cell walls -allows communication between cells -allows viruses to travel rapidly between cells19
5008376327tight junctions-very tight fusion of the membranes of adjacent cells -seals off areas between the cells -prevents movement of materials around cells20
5008376328demosomes-bundles of filaments which anchor junctions between cells -does not close off the area between adjacent cells -coordination of movement between groups21
5008376329gap junctions-opens channels between cells, similar to plasmodesmata -allows "communication" between cells22
5009225283middle lamellathin layer rich in pectin; glues plant cells together23

AP Spanish - Science and Technology Flashcards

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9509939541la informáticacomputer science0
9509939542éticaethical1
9509939543la computadoracomputer2
9509939544el ordenadorcomputer (word used in Spain)3
9509939545la pantallascreen4
9509939546el tecladokeyboard5
9509939547la impresoraprinter6
9509939548el cargadorcharger7
9509939549enchufarto plug in8
9509939550el enchufeoutlet9
9509939551la bateríabattery10
9509939552el disco durohard drive11
9509939553la redinternet12
9509939554el móvilcell phone13
9509939555probarto test14
9509939556avances tecnológicostechnological advances15
9509939557la curacure16
9509939558la célula madrestem cell17
9509939559la SIDAAIDS18
9509939560el espacio exteriorouter space19
9509939561la nave espacialspace ship20
9509939562OVNIobjeto volador no identificado21
9509939563los extraterrestresaliens22
9509939564médula óseabone marrow23
9509939565curanderohealer24
9509939566vale la penato be worth it25
9509939567fallecerto pass away26
9509939568satélitesatellite27
9509939569el climathe climate28
9509939570el planetaplanet29
9509939571los señalessignals30
9509939572el análisisanalysis31
9509939573la clasificaciónclassification32
9509939574el descubrimientodiscovery33
9509939575el experimentoexperiment34
9509939576la hipótesishypothesis35
9509939577el inventoinvention36
9509939578la mediciónmeasurement37
9509939579el microscopiomicroscope38
9509939580la investigaciónresearch39
9509939581la muestrasample40
9509939582la pruebatest41
9509939583la teoríatheory42
9509939584comprobarto check43
9509939585averiguarto find out44
9509939586calentarto heat up45
9509939587medirto measure46
9509939588probarto prove47
9509939589investigarto research48
9509939590resolverto solve49
9509939591la bacteriabacteria50
9509939592la sangreblood51
9509939593la enfermedaddisease52
9509939594el fetofetus53
9509939595el ciclo alimenticiofood chain54
9509939596el hábitathabitat55
9509939597la poblaciónpopulation56
9509939598la sobrevivenciasurvival57
9509939599alimentarto feed58
9509939600crecerto grow59
9509939601heredarto inherit60
9509939602cambiarto mutate61
9509939603sobrevivirto survive62
9509939604los datosdata63
9509939605manejarto operate machinery64
9509939606funcionarto work (inanimate object)65
9509939607el tiempothe weather66
9509939608el huracánthe hurricane67
9509939609el pronósticothe forecast68
9509939610el cazadorthe hunter69
9509939611los recursos naturalesnatural resources70
9509939612los dañosthe damages71
9509939613la infraestructurathe infrastructure72
9509939614el científicothe scientist73
9509939615el investigadorthe researcher74
9509939616sobrenaturalsupernatural75
9509939617topográficostopographic (la forma de una superfície)76
9509939618meteorológicometeorological77
9509939619advertirto warn78
9509939620la advertenciathe warning79

AP Statistics Chapter 4 Flashcards

Sampling and Surveys

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6738273724BiasThe design of a statistical study shows bias if it systematically favors certain outcomes.0
6738273725CensusA study that attempts to collect data from every individual in the population.1
6738273726Cluster sampleTo take a cluster sample, first divide the population into smaller groups. Ideally, these clusters should mirror the characteristics of the population. Then choose an SRS of the clusters. All individuals in the chosen clusters are included in the sample.2
6738273727Convenience sampleA sample selected by taking the members of the population that are easiest to reach; particularly prone to large bias.3
6738273728Double-blindAn experiment in which neither the subjects nor those who interact with them and measure the response variable know which treatment a subject received.4
6738273729Margin of errorA numerical estimate of how far the sample result is likely to be from the truth about the population due to sampling variability.5
6738273730NonresponseOccurs when a selected individual cannot be contacted or refuses to cooperate; an example of a nonsampling error.6
6738273731Nonsampling errorThe most serious errors in most careful surveys are nonsampling errors. These have nothing to do with choosing a sample—they are present even in a census. Some common examples of nonsampling errors are nonresponse (people don't answer), response bias (people lie), and errors due to question wording.7
6738273732PopulationIn a statistical study, the entire group of individuals about which we want information.8
6738273733Random samplingThe use of chance to select a sample; is the central principle of statistical sampling; allows us to infer results to the population9
6738273734Response biasA systemic pattern of incorrect responses; "people lie"10
6738273735SampleThe part of the population from which we actually collect information. We use information from this to draw conclusions about the entire population.11
6738273736Sampling errorMistakes made in the process of taking a sample that could lead to inaccurate information about the population. EX. bad sampling methods (convenience and voluntary response) and undercoverage12
6738273739Simple random sample (SRS)Gives every possible sample of a given size the same chance to be chosen. We often choose this type of sample by labeling the members of the population and using random digits to select the sample.13
6738273740StrataGroups of individuals in a population that are similar in some way that might affect their responses.14
6738273741Stratified random sampleFirst classify the population into groups of similar individuals (mini populations). Then choose a separate SRS from each stratum to form the full sample.15
6738273742Table of random digitsA long string of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 with these properties: • Each entry in the table is equally likely to be any of the 10 digits 0 through 9. • The entries are independent of each other. That is, knowledge of one part of the table gives no information about any other part.16
6738273743UndercoverageOccurs when some members of the population are left out of the sampling frame; a type of sampling error.17
6738273744Voluntary response samplesPeople decide whether to join a sample based on an open invitation; particularly prone to large bias.18
6738273745Wording of questionsThe most important influence on the answers given to a survey. Confusing or leading questions can introduce strong bias, and changes in wording can greatly change a survey's outcome. Even the order in which questions are asked matters.19
6738273746BlockA group of experimental units that are known before the experiment to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the response to the treatments.20
6738273747Completely randomized designWhen the treatments are assigned to all the experimental units completely by chance.21
6738273748ConfoundingWhen two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.22
6738273750Control groupAn experimental group whose primary purpose is to provide a baseline for comparing the effects of the other treatments. Depending on the purpose of the experiment, this group may be given a placebo or an active treatment23
6738273751Double-blindAn experiment in which neither the subjects nor those who interact with them and measure the response variable know which treatment a subject received.24
6738273752ExperimentDeliberately imposes some treatment on individuals to measure their responses.25
6738273754Explanatory variableA variable that helps explain or influences changes in a response variable.26
6738273755FactorThe explanatory variables in an experiment are often known as these27
6738273757Lurking variableA variable that is not among the explanatory or response variables in a study but that may influence the response variable.28
6738273758Matched pairA common form of blocking for comparing just two treatments. Often each subject receives both treatments in a random order. In others, each subject is matched to another subject who is very similar and results are compared.29
6738273759Observational studyObserves individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses.30
6738273760PlaceboAn inactive (fake) treatment.31
6738273761Placebo effectDescribes the fact that some subjects respond favorably to any treatment, even an inactive one (placebo).32
6738273762Random assignmentUse some chance process to assign experimental units to treatments. This helps create roughly equivalent groups of experimental units by balancing the effects of lurking variables that aren't controlled on the treatment groups. Allows us to infer cause and effect.33
6738273763Randomized block designStart by forming blocks consisting of individuals that are similar in some way that is important to the response. Random assignment of treatments is then carried out separately within each block.34
6738273765Response variableA variable that measures an outcome of a study.35
6738273768SubjectsExperimental units that are human beings.36
6738273769TreatmentA specific condition applied to the individuals in an experiment. If an experiment has several explanatory variables, a treatment is a combination of specific values of these variables.37
6738273771Inference about cause and effectRequires a well-designed experiment in which the treatments are randomly assigned to the experimental units.38
6738273772Inference about the populationUsing information from a sample to draw conclusions about the larger population. Requires that the individuals taking part in a study be randomly selected from the population of interest.39

AP Psychology Chapter 10 Flashcards

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6447458592personalitya person's characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting0
6447458593psychoanalyticchildhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality1
6447458594humanisticinner capacities for growth and self fulfillment2
6447458595free assoiciationperson relaxes and talks about whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing3
6447458596unconscious (Freud)reservoir of unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, memories4
6447458597unconscious (contemporary psychologists)information processing we are unaware of5
6447458598repressforcibly block6
6447458599idreservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives operates on pleasure principle demanding immediate gratification7
6447458600ego"executive part of personality that mediates along demands of id, superego, and reality. containts partly conscious perceptions, thoughts, judgments, and memories8
6447458601superegorepresents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and future aspirations9
6447458602psychosexual stageschildhood stages of development oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital id's pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones10
6447458603erogenous zonespleasure sensitive areas of the body11
6447458604phallic stageboys seek genital stimulation12
6447458605Oedipus complexboys develop unconscious sexual desires for mother and jealousy and hatred for father13
6447458606Electra complexgirls develop unconscious sexual desires for father and jealousy and hatred for mother14
6447458607identificationprocess by which children incorporate parents' values into developing superegos15
6447458608fixatelingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved16
6447458609defense mechanismstactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality17
6447458610repressionbanishes anxiety-arousing wishes from consciousness18
6447458611reaction formationego unconsciously makes unacceptable impulses look like their opposites19
6447458612projectiondisguises threatening impulses by attributing them to others20
6447458613rationalizationunconsciously generate self-justifying explanations to hide from outselves the real reasons for our actions21
6447458614displacementdiverts sexual or aggressive impulses toward an object or person that is psychologically more acceptable than the one that aroused the feelings22
6447458615sublimationtransformation of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motivations23
6447458616denialprotects the person from real events that are painful to accept either by rejecting a fact or its seriousness24
6447458617collective unconsciouscommon reservoir of images derived from our species universal experiences25
6447458618projective testaim to provide this "psychological x-ray" by asking test-takers to describe an ambiguous stimulus or tell a story about it26
6447458619Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)people view ambiguous pictures and then make up stories about them27
6447458620Rorschach inkblot testpeople describe what they see in a series of inkblots28
6447458621terror-management theorythinking about one's morlity provokes various terror-management devices29
6447458622self-actualizationprocess of fulfilling our potential30
6447458623self-transcendencemeaning, purpose, and communication beyond the self31
6447458624peak experiencessurpass ordinary consciousness32
6447458625unconditional positive regardattitude of total acceptance toward another person33
6447458626self-conceptall our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to "who am i?"34
6447458627traitpeople's characteristics behaviors and conscious motives35
6447458628personality inventoriesa questionnaire covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors that is designed to assess several traits at once36
6447458629Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)identify "abnormal" rather than normal personality traits37
6447458630empirically derived testa test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups CANOE Consciousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Extraversion38
6447458631social- cognitive perspectiveview behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits and their social context39
6447458632reciprocal determinisminteracting influences of behavior. internal cognition, and environment40
6447458633personal controlextent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helplessness41
6447458634external locus of controlperception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate42
6447458635internal locus of controlperception that you control your own fate43
6447458636positive psychologya psychology concerned not only with weakness and damage but also with strength and virtue44
6447458637selfcenter of personality, organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions45
6447458638spotlight effectoverestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders46
6447458639self-esteemone's feelings of high or low self-worth47
6447458640self-serving biasreadiness to perceive oneself favorably48
6447458641individualismgiving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications49
6447458642collectivismgiving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's identity accordingly50

AP Microeconomics: Unit 1 Flashcards

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7329294875Economicshow an individual in society experiences limitless wants, and chooses to allocate its limited resources to satisfy wants0
7329310189Efficiencyreceiving the maximum benefits from limited resources1
7329315422Equalitybenefits are distributed uniformly among society's members2
7329323216Opportunity Costwhat one sacrifices in order to obtain what one wants3
7329327704Rational PeoplePeople who do their best to achieve their objects with the available opportunities4
7329343898Marginal ChangeThe smaller decision/trade-off5
7329356343Incentivesomething that induces a person to act6
7329367323Market EconomyDecisions of individual producers and consumers largely determine what, how, and for whom to produce, with little government involvement in decisions7
7329374458Property RightsEstablish ownership and grant individuals the right to trade goods and services with each other8
7329394126Market FailureWhen a market is left on its own and fails to allocate resources efficiently9
7329469893ProductivityQuantity of goods and services produced from each unit of labor10
7329475657InflationAn increase in the overall level of prices in the economy11
7329483494Business CycleFluctuations in economic activity between economic downturns, recessions, and economics upturns known as expansions12
7329490900Traditional Economic SystemEconomic tasks are passed on from generation to generation13
7329497253Command Economic SystemGovernment answers each question14
7329500340Free Economic SystemThe producers and consumers answer economic questions15
7329504798Mixed Economic SystemProducers, consumers, and government answers economic questions16
7329558377ServiceSomething tangible which satisfies peoples needs17
7329577161ScarceLimited amount of a desired resource18
7329587719Four main resourcesLand, Labor, Capital, and Entrepreneurship19
7329590754LandAnything that comes from the earth20
7329593912LaborPayment for salary and wages21
7329602857CapitalGoods that produce other goods for future use22
7329607623EntrepreneurshipBusiness risk and payment comes in the form of profit and loss23
7329618857EconomicsStudy of scarcity and individual choices24
7329646519Individual ChoiceDecisions by individuals about what to do25
7329651784EconomySystem for coordinating a society's productive and consumptive activities26
7329675441Command EconomyIndustry is publicly owned and a central authority makes production an consumption decisions27
7329716890Marginal AnalysisStudy of the costs and benefits of doing a little bit more of an activity vs. less28
7329722222MicroeconomicsStudy of how individuals make decisions and how those decisions interact29
7329728565MacroeconomicsConcerned with overall ups and downs in the economy30
7329735630Economic AggregatesEconomic measures that summarize data across many different markets31
7329741069Positive EconomicsObjective (non-opinionated) statements that while they may not be true, they CAN be TESTED32
7329743426Normative EconomicsSubjective statement that CAN'T BE TESTED33
7329771657DepressionVery deep and prolonged downturn34
7329774107Expansionperiods of economic upturns when output and employment are rising35
7329781039Employmentnumber of people employed in economy36
7329784394Unemploymentnumber of people who are actively looking for work, but aren't employed37
7329795383Outputquantity of goods and services produced38
7329799394Aggregate Outputeconomy's total production of goods and services for a given time period39
7329803951DeflationFalling overall price40
7329812867Price StabilityAggregate price level is changing only slowly41
7329818261Economic GrowthIncrease in the maximum amount of goods and services an economy can produce42
7329824866ModelSimplified representation used to better understand a real life situation43
7329831190Trade-offWhen you give up something in order to have something else44
7329855169Production Possibility Curve (PPF)illustrates the trade-offs facing an economy that produces only two goods.45
7329871476TechnologyTechnical means for the production of goods and services46
7329879906TradeProve good and services to others and receive goods and services in return47
7329885184Gains from tradeDividing tasks and trading, people can get more of what they want through trade than they could if they tried being self-sufficient48
7329919988Comparative AdvantageIn producing goods or services if the opportunity cost of producing that good or service is lower for that individual than others49
7329926901Absolute advantageProducing more of a good or service if they can make more of it with a given amount of time and resources50
7329935253Householdsperson or group of people who share income51
7329939628Firmorganization that produces and services for sale52
7329942863Product Marketgoods and services are brought or sold53
7329946337Factor Marketwhere resources, especially capital and labor, are bought and sold54
7329962717Consumer SpendingHouseholds spending money on goods and services55
7329965549StocksShare ownership of a company held by a shareholder56
7329969873Bondloans that pay interest57

Literary Devices - Pre-AP Flashcards

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6522868713allusionto reference something well known (like the Bible, mythology, history, literature, people...)0
6522868714antagonistthe character or force in conflict with the main character1
6522868715moodthe feeling created in the reader2
6522868716charactera person or animal who takes part in the action of a literary work3
6522868717static charactera character who doesn't change, their heart/personality stays the same4
6522868718dynamic characterdevelops and grows during the course of a story, they change5
6522868719flat charactershows only one trait6
6522868720characterizationthe development of a character7
6522868721indirect characterizationthe author lets us decide about the character by telling us the characters; speech, looks/clothing, inner thoughts, actions, what other's say about them8
6522868722direct characterizationthe author directly states the character's traits9
6522868723plotthe sequence of events in a literary work10
6522868724expositionintroduces the setting, characters and basic situation11
6522868725rising actionall events leading up to the climax12
6522868726climaxthe high point of interest or suspense13
6522868727falling actionleads up to the denouement/resolution14
6522868728resolutionthe conflicts are resolved15
6522868729conflictstruggle between opposing forces16
6522868730internal conflicta character in conflict with him or herself17
6522868731external conflicta character in conflict with outside forces18
6522868732man vs mancharacter is in conflict with another person19
6522868733man vs societycharacter is in conflict with society20
6522868734man vs naturecharacter is in conflict with nature21
6522868735dialoguea conversation between two character22
6522868736dictionwriter's word choice23
6522868737fictionnarrative writing drawn from the imagination24
6522868738flashbackevents that occurred prior (before) the opening scene of the work25
6522868739foila character who is used as contrast to another character26
6522868740foreshadowingto present an indication or a suggestion of beforehand (tell you what is going to happen before it happens)27
6522868741genrecategory or type of literature28
6522868742imagerylanguage that appeals to the five senses29
6522868743ironya difference between what is said/happens and what is expected30
6522868744verbal ironywhen the author says one thing and means another31
6522868745dramatic ironyis when the audience perceives something that a character in the literature doesn't know32
6522868746situational ironya difference between the expected result and the actual result33
6522868747metaphora comparison of two unlike things34
6522868748morallesson taught by a story or fable35
6522868749narrativea kind of writing that tells a story36
6522868750personificationgiving human qualities to an non-human objects37
6522868751point of viewthe vantage point from which the author tells a story38
6522868752first personone character tells the story39
6522868753third person limitednarrator tells the story from the perspective of one character40
6522868754third person omniscientnarrator tells the story but knows everything about all characters41
6522868755protagonistthe main character in a story42
6522868756satirea type of writing that ridicules (critizes) something in order to reveal a weakness43
6522868757settingtime, place and atmosphere of a story44
6522868758short storya short fictional prose narrative45
6522868759similethe comparison of two unlike things using like or as46
6522868760stylecombination of the ideas expressed and the author's individuality47
6522868761suspenseuncertainty or anxiety felt about what might happen in a story48
6522868762symbolusing an object or action that means something more than it's literal meaning49
6522868763themethe major recurring idea, larger meaning of a work50
6522868764tonethe author's attitude towards the subject/audience51

AP Biology Scavenger Hunt Flashcards

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9834378537Adaptation of an animalanimals adapting to be able to live in their environment (ex: a polar bear has white fur for camouflage)0
9834378538Adaptation of a plantplants develop adaptations to suit their environment (lily pads/water lilies, cacti have spines instead of leaves)1
9834378539Abscisic acidplant hormone that inhibits cell division, and therefore growth2
9834378540ActinThin filament of protein found in muscles3
9834378541Amniotic eggA shelled, water-retaining egg that enables reptiles, birds, and egg-laying mammals to complete their life cycles on dry land4
9834378542AmylaseAn enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides. Amylase is secreted by salivary glands and by the pancreas.5
9834378543AngiospermFlowering plants that produce seeds in fruit6
9834378544Animal that has a segmented bodySegmentation refers to the subdivision along the length of an animal body into a series of repeated parts, or segments. Animals with this characteristic body plan use a growth zone to direct and define the pattern in their segments (ex. arthropods)7
9834378545AnnelidEarthworm8
9834378546Anther & filament of stamenThe anther and filament of the stamen is where the pollen is produced and carried until a pollinator comes by and takes the pollen to another flower. The anther is where the pollen is specifically held in the flower, and the filament is a small stem like structure that holds up the anther up higher so that there is a higher chance that a pollinator will come by and some pollen will rub on it so the pollinator can pollinate the next flower it visits or it will be blown away with the wind.9
9834378547ArthropodA group of organisms that have jointed appendages, an exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry, and reproduce sexually; insects, arachnids, millipedes and cenitpedes, and crustaceans10
9834378548ArchaebacteriaA group of microorganisms whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan and that typically live in extremely harsh environments.11
9834378549AutotrophOrganism that makes its own food12
9834378550Auxin producing area of a plantthe location of a new flower bud is where auxin is produced. Auxin is a hormone that is made by plants in areas where a new root or shoot is growing13
9834378551BasidiomyceteMushrooms14
9834378552Batesian mimicrySpecies mimics the appearance of an unpalatable or harmful.15
9834378553Biological magnificationIncreasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web16
9834378554Bryophytegroup of plants that have specialized reproductive organs but lack vascular tissue; includes mosses and their relatives17
9834378555EnzymeA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing18
9834378556Calvin cyclereactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars19
9834378557Carbohydrate - fibrousPlant materials that contain a high level of fiber. Typically referred to as complex carbohydrates, these usually travel through the human reproductive tract without being broken down.20
9834378558CambiumA layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells.21
9834378559CelluloseA substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms22
9834378560ChitinA chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility23
9834378561ChlorophytaGreen algae24
9834378562CnidarianJellyfish25
9834378563CoelomateAn animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm).26
9834378564Conifer leafany gymnosperm tree or shrub of the phylum Coniferophyta, typically bearing cones and evergreen leaves.27
9834378565CommensalismA relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected28
9834378566Connective tissueAnimal tissue that functions mainly to bind and support other tissues, having a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix.29
9834378567Cuticle layer of plantA waxy layer on the outer surface of a plant or an insect, tending to retard water loss.30
9834378568Deciduous leafA leaf from a woody plant that sheds its leaves but does not die.31
9834378569Deuterostomegroup of animals in which the blastopore becomes an anus, and the mouth is formed from the second opening that develops32
9834378570Dicot plant with flower & leafA flowering plant with two embryonic seed leaves or cotyledons that usually appear at germination33
9834378571Diploid chromosome #lol34
9834378572EchinodermA member of a group of slow moving or sessile marine animals characterized by a rough or spiny skin, a water vascular system, an endoskeleton, and a radial symmetry in adults, with examples such as sea stars, sea urchins and sand dollars35
9834378573Ectothermcold blooded36
9834378574EndospermIn angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. Provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds.37
9834378575EndothermAbsorbs heat38
9834378576Epithelial tissueA body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out39
9834378577EthyleneThe only gaseous plant hormone. Among its many effects are response to mechanical stress, programmed cell death, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening.140
9834378578EubacteriaKingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan41
9834378579EukaryoteOrganism whose cells contain a nucleus42
9834378580ExoskeletonA body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection43
9834378581FermentationA catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.44
9834378641Flower ovary45
9834378582Frondfern leaf; palm or banana leaf46
9834378583Fruit - dry with seedSeeds are located in seed pods that can open or stay closed depending on the variety. Nuts are an example.47
9834378584Fruit - fleshy with seedMade of living cells and are often juicy and sweet tasting. The most common examples are most forms of berries you find at a typical grocery store.48
9834378585GametophyteHaploid, or gamete-producing, phase of an organism49
9834378586GastropodA mollusk with a single shell or no shell.50
9834378587Genetically modified organismFoods that are mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistance, increased productivity, or nutritional value allowing growers greater control, predictability, and efficiency.51
9834378588GibberellinsA class of related plant hormones that stimulate growth in the stem and leaves, trigger the germination of seeds and breaking of bud dormancy, and stimulate fruit development.52
9834378589GlycogenAn extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.53
9834378590Gymnosperm coneSeed plants that do not produce flowers or fruits; one of the two major groups of living seed plants.54
9834378591Haploid chromosome number# in reproductive cells - half of diploid chromosome #55
9834378592HeartwoodOlder xylem near the center of a woody stem that no longer conducts water56
9834378593HermaphroditeAn individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs.57
9834378594InsectLADYBUG58
9834378595K-strategistreproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce late, bear few, cared for offspring (ex. humans, elephants).59
9834378596KeratinA fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is:60
9834378597Leaf - gymnospermFrom plants that have seeds unprotected by ovary or fruit. Most common forms are conifers (ex. are evergreen trees) and cycads (ex. are palm trees).61
9834378598LepidopteraButterflies and moths62
9834378599LichenAn organism made of a fungus and either algae or autotrophic bacteria that live together in a mutualistic relationship.63
9834378600Ligninsubstance in vascular plants that makes cell walls rigid64
9834378601Lipid used for energy storageA fatty or waxy organic compound that is readily soluble in nonpolar solvent (e.g. ether) but not in polar solvent (e.g water). Its major biological functions involve energy storage, structural component of cell membrane, and cell signaling65
9834378602Littoral zone organismOrganisms that live in a zone that is characterized by abundant dissolved oxygen, sunlight, nutrients, generally high wave energies and water motion, and, in the intertidal subzone, alternating submergence and exposure.66
9834378603Long-day plantA plant that flowers only when the light period is longer than a critical length. Usually spring or early summer.67
9834378604MeristemPlant tissue that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives, allowing for indeterminate growth.68
9834378605Modified leaf of a plantadaptation of plant meant for its own survival and adapted due to its environmental stress69
9834378606Modified root of a plantRoots that have special functions to perform and in such cases their form and structure differ from those of normal roots (beets, carrots)70
9834378642Modified steam of a plant71
9834378607Monocot plant with flower and leaf(e.g. corn seeds,blade of grass,tulip,lily) A group of flowering plants belonging to the class Liliopsida (or Monocotyledonae) of Angiospermae (angiosperms), characterized by having only one cotyledon in the seed and an endogenous manner of growth72
9834378608Muscle fiber - striateda muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes73
9834378609MutualismA relationship between two species in which both species benefit74
9834378643Mycelium75
9834378610MycorrhizaeA mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus76
9834378611MyosinThick filament77
9834378612NematodeRoundworm78
9834378613NicheFull range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions79
9834378614Nymph stage of an insectpre-adult stage, before insect goes thru metamorphosis; usually stage when insect hatches from egg80
9834378615ParasiteAn organism that feeds on a living host81
9834378616Parenchyma cellsground tissue cells that have small vacuoles, and thin walls and cytoplasm82
9834378617PhloemLiving vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant83
9834378618Pine cone - femaleThe familiar woody type cone found on conifer trees. The female cones are the most recognizable are contain seeds which can be fertilized by the pollen produced by male cones.84
9834378619PlatyhelminthesFlatworms85
9834378620PollenA fine dust that contains the sperm of seed-producing plants86
9834378621Pollinatoran insect that carries pollen from one flower to another87
9834378622PoriferaSponges88
9834378623ProkaryoteNo nucleus89
9834378624Protein - fibrousAny of numerous protein having fibrous rather than tuberous or rhizomatous roots. Have primary and secondary structure.90
9834378625Protein - globularare more likely to be water soluble, these have tertiary and quaternary structure in addition to primary and secondary91
9834378626Protostomean animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore92
9834378627PteridophyteFerns Seedless plants with true roots with lignified vascular tissue. The group includes ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails.93
9834378628R-strategistreproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce early, bear many small, unprotected offspring (ex. insects, mice).94
9834378629RadulaA flexible ribbon of tiny teeth in mollusks95
9834378630Rhizomean underground stem96
9834378631Scale from animal with two-chambered heartFish Scale97
9834378632SporeA reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating98
9834378633SporophyteDiploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism99
9834378634Stem - herbaceousplants with this feature has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the their growing season and do not leave woody stems above ground (grasses are an example)100
9834378635Stem - woodyplants with this feature produce wood as a primary structural component (trees are examples)101
9834378636Stigma & style of carpelOne of the structural units of a pistil, representing a modified, ovule-bearing leaf; (stigma, style, ovary)102
9834378637Tendril of a plantspecial stem or leaf of a plant with special shape that makes it more supportive103
9834378638Thorn of a plantA modified plant organ, especially a stem, that is stiffened and terminates in a sharp point.104
9834378639Unicellular organismAn organism made up of one cell.105
9834378640Vascular plant tissuecambium cells106

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