AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!
| 9932649354 | 前 | まえ before |  | 0 |
| 9932649355 | 全然 | ぜんぜん not at all |  | 1 |
| 9932649356 | 組 | くみ group |  | 2 |
| 9932650778 | 送る | おくる to send |  | 3 |
| 9932652907 | 右側 | みぎがわ right side |  | 4 |
| 9932655051 | 速い | はやい fast |  | 5 |
| 9932655052 | 家族 | かぞく family |  | 6 |
| 9932655053 | 貸す | かす to lend |  | 7 |
| 9932659302 | 友達 | ともだち friend |  | 8 |
| 9932659303 | 位置 | いち location |  | 9 |
| 9932662041 | 着く | つく to arrive |  | 10 |
| 9932614135 | 乗る | のる to ride |  | 0 |
| 9932614136 | 場所 | ばしょ place |  | 1 |
| 9932614137 | 新聞 | しんぶん newspaper |  | 2 |
| 9932615420 | 神 | かみ God |  | 3 |
| 9932616679 | 身長 | しんちょう height |  | 4 |
| 9932616680 | 進む | すすむ to go forward |  | 5 |
| 9932618001 | 世界 | せかい world |  | 6 |
| 9932618002 | 晴れ | はれ clear sky |  | 7 |
| 9932618003 | 生徒 | せいと student |  | 8 |
| 9932622075 | 静か | しずか quiet |  | 9 |
| 9932623240 | 洗う | あらう to wash |  | 10 |
| 9932201031 | 終わる | おわる to end |  | 0 |
| 9932204193 | 住む | すむ to live |  | 1 |
| 9932205867 | 重い | おもい heavy |  | 2 |
| 9932205868 | 出る | でる to go out |  | 3 |
| 9932210827 | 春 | はる spring |  | 4 |
| 9932213685 | 所 | ところ place |  | 5 |
| 9932214721 | 笑う | わらう to laugh |  | 6 |
| 9932215869 | 色 | いろ color |  | 7 |
| 9932217733 | 食事 | しょくじ meal |  | 8 |
| 9932219514 | 信じる | しんじる to believe |  | 9 |
| 9932221279 | 森 | もり forest |  | 10 |
| 5468454382 | Consciousness | the awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings we experience at a given moment |  | 0 |
| 5468454383 | 3 Level of Consciousness | The conscious, preconscious, and unconscious according to Freud |  | 1 |
| 5468454384 | Conscious Level | Info about yourself & your environment that you are currently aware of | | 2 |
| 5468454385 | Nonconscious Level | Body processes controlled by your mind that we are unaware of such as heart beat and breathing |  | 3 |
| 5468454386 | Subconscious Level | The person is somewhat aware but not fully conscious of what is occurring |  | 4 |
| 5468454387 | Unconscious Level | The person is not aware of the repressed feelings and events that exist here | 5 | |
| 5468454388 | Sleep | When the nervous system is inactive, the eyes are closed, the postural muscles are relaxed, and consciousness is suspended for a time. |  | 6 |
| 5468454389 | Sleep Cycles | our typical pattern of sleep | 7 | |
| 5468454390 | Sleep Stages | 1,2,3,4, & REM |  | 8 |
| 5468454391 | REM Sleep | "Paradoxical" Sleep: heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, breathing rate increases, and dreams usually occur |  | 9 |
| 5468454392 | Sleep Disorders | insomnia, REM sleep behavior disorder, restless leg syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, and excessive sleep |  | 10 |
| 5468454393 | Insomnia | The most common sleep disorder in which people have persistent problems falling asleep or staying asleep |  | 11 |
| 5468454394 | Narcolepsy | A rare sleep disorder in which people fall asleep at unpredictable or inappropriate times |  | 12 |
| 5468454395 | Sleep Apnea | It is a common disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep. |  | 13 |
| 5468454396 | Night Terrors | a form of sleep disorder in which a person partially awakens from sleep in a state of terror |  | 14 |
| 5468454397 | Dreams | a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep. |  | 15 |
| 5468454398 | Freudian Dream Interpretation | Dreams represent unconscious wishes the dreamer wants to fulfill |  | 16 |
| 5468454399 | Activation-Synthesis Dream Theory | Dreams are the result of random activation of various memories, which are tied together in a logical story line |  | 17 |
| 5468454400 | Information-Processing Dream Theory | The possibility of dreams being tools that help process information such as stress or daily concerns |  | 18 |
| 5468454401 | Hypnosis | The lose of control over voluntary behavior due to being controlled and manipulated by another person |  | 19 |
| 5468454402 | Posthypnotic Amnesia | the inability in hypnotic subjects to recall events that took place while under hypnosis. | | 20 |
| 5468454403 | Posthypnotic Sugesstions | A suggestion made to a hypnotized person that specifies an action to be performed after awakening. (ex: snap of fingers) |  | 21 |
| 5468454404 | Role Theory of Hypnosis | a person is not actually in an alternate state of consciousness, but rather is voluntarily acting out the role of a hypnotized person |  | 22 |
| 5468454405 | State Theory of Hypnosis | explains hypnosis as an altered state of consciousness pointing to pain control and health benefits reported | | 23 |
| 5468454406 | Dissociation Theory of Hypnosis | Splitting off of mental process into two separate levels of consciousness-one in touch with reality & the other obeying the hypnotist's suggestions |  | 24 |
| 5468454407 | Psychoactive Drugs | Broad category (not specific type) of drugs that affect the chemistry of the brain inducing an altered state of consciousness |  | 25 |
| 5468454408 | Agonists | a drug that mimics neurotransmitters; fitting into the receptor site on a neuron; passes through the blood brain barrier |  | 26 |
| 5468454409 | Antagonists | a drug that blocks the neurotransmitters from receptor cells preventing the natural neurotransmitter from using that site altering the natural levels of neurotransmitters in the brain |  | 27 |
| 5468454410 | Tolerance | needing higher dosage of a drug to experience a high, requiring an increase in concentration to achieve the desired effect. | 28 | |
| 5468454411 | Withdrawal | Various symptoms that may occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs | 29 | |
| 5468454412 | Stimulants | a drug or substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body. |  | 30 |
| 5468454413 | Depressants | drugs or substances that slow down activity in the body and brain (alcohol, Valium, anti-anxiety drugs) | 31 | |
| 5468454414 | Hallucinogens (Psychedlics) | Drugs that cause changes in our perception of reality (ex: LSD, peyote, mushrooms, marijuana) |  | 32 |
| 5468454415 | Opiates | highly addictive drugs derived from opium (heroin, meth, morphine) that elevate endorphin levels, rapidly alter brain chemistry, & create withdrawal symptoms |  | 33 |
| 5468454416 | William James | Wrote "The Principles of Psychology" and believed that the value of an idea is dependent upon its usefulness in the practical world rather than its absolute truth |  | 34 |
| 5468454417 | Sigmund Freud | He considered dreams to be an important tool in treating patients focusing on the latent content of dreams |  | 35 |
| 5468454418 | Ernest Hilgard | Was an American psychologist and professor at Stanford University. He became famous in the 1950s for forming the Dissociation Theory of Hypnosis and how this may relate to pain control. |  | 36 |
| 5468970660 | hypnotic suggestibility | The term used by role theory to suggest that some people are more easily hypnotized than others | 37 |
| 8933555137 | a destra e a sinistra | all over | 0 | |
| 8933555138 | all'improvviso | out of the blue | 1 | |
| 8933555139 | andare a fare due passi | to take a short walk | 2 | |
| 8933555140 | andare d'accordo | to get along | 3 | |
| 8933555141 | andare forte | to be going strong | 4 | |
| 8933555142 | andare via | to go away | 5 | |
| 8933555143 | assomigliarsi come due gocce d'acqua | to be alike as two peas in a pod | 6 | |
| 8933555144 | avere le tasche piene | to have a bellyful | 7 | |
| 8933555145 | che pizza! Che noia! | how boring | 8 | |
| 8933555146 | costare un occhio della testa | to cost an arm and a leg | 9 | |
| 8933555147 | ad ogni morte di Papa | once in a blue moon | 10 | |
| 8933555148 | nato/a con la camicia | born with a silver spoon in his/her mouth | 11 | |
| 8933555149 | daccapo | again, once more | 12 | |
| 8933555150 | d'ora in poi | from now on | 13 | |
| 8933555151 | da nessuna parte | nowhere | 14 | |
| 8933555152 | dall'oggi al domani | overnight | 15 | |
| 8933555153 | di tanto in tanto | now and then | 16 | |
| 8933555154 | diventare verde | to get angry | 17 | |
| 8933555155 | essere al verde | to be broke | 18 | |
| 8933555156 | dormire della grossa | to sleep like a log | 19 | |
| 8933555157 | essere pieno di sè | to be full of oneself | 20 | |
| 8933555158 | fare una bella/brutta figura | to make a good/bad impression | 21 | |
| 8933555159 | grazie lo stesso | thanks all the same | 22 | |
| 8933555160 | avere una fame da lupo | to eat a horse | 23 | |
| 8933555161 | in un batter d'occhio | in the blink of an eye | 24 | |
| 8933555162 | in bocca al lupo | break a leg | 25 | |
| 8933555163 | litigare come cani e gatti | to argue like cats and dogs | 26 | |
| 8933555164 | male che vada | if worse comes to worse | 27 | |
| 8933555165 | mangiarsi le dita | to regret | 28 | |
| 8933555166 | meno male | It's all good! | 29 | |
| 8933555167 | mirare in alto | to reach for the sky | 30 | |
| 8933555168 | non vedere l'ora | can't wait | 31 | |
| 8933555169 | non è né carne né pesce | it's neither fish nor fowl | 32 | |
| 8933555170 | oggi a otto | a week from now | 33 | |
| 8933555171 | ogni tanto | every now and then | 34 | |
| 8933555172 | pagara alla romana | to go dutch (each one pays their share) | 35 | |
| 8933555173 | per amor di Dio | for Petes' sake | 36 | |
| 8933555174 | per carità | for goodness sake | 37 | |
| 8933555175 | per quel che vale | for what it's worth | 38 | |
| 8933555176 | poco fa | a little while ago | 39 | |
| 8933555177 | poco male | never mind | 40 | |
| 8933555178 | lascia stare | let it go | 41 | |
| 8933555179 | santo cielo! | my goodness! | 42 | |
| 8933555180 | senza sosta | on and on | 43 | |
| 8933555181 | sin qui va bene | so far, so good | 44 | |
| 8933555182 | stare a cuore | to be of great concern | 45 | |
| 8933555183 | sulla punta della lingua | on the tip of one's tongue | 46 | |
| 8933555184 | tale padre, tale figlio | like father, like son | 47 | |
| 8933555185 | tanto meglio | least of all | 48 | |
| 8933555186 | tanto peggio | so much the worse | 49 | |
| 8933555187 | tieni gli occhi ben aperti | keep your eye on the ball | 50 | |
| 8933555188 | tanto più | all the more so | 51 | |
| 8933555189 | un gran che | something special | 52 | |
| 8933555190 | una volta per tutte | once and for all | 53 | |
| 8933555191 | vale la pena | it's worth it | 54 |
| 9580119792 | psychology | the study of behavior and mental processes | 0 | |
| 9580119793 | psychology's biggest question | Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture? | 1 | |
| 9580119794 | psychology's three levels of analysis | biopsychosocial approach (looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together) | 2 | |
| 9580119795 | biological approach | genetics, close-relatives, body functions | 3 | |
| 9580119796 | evolutionary approach | species - helped with survival (ancestors) | 4 | |
| 9580119797 | psychodynamic approach | (Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes | 5 | |
| 9580119798 | behavioral approach | learning (classical and operant) observed | 6 | |
| 9580119799 | cognitive approach | thinking affects behavior | 7 | |
| 9580119800 | humanistic approach | becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance) | 8 | |
| 9580119801 | social-cultural approach | cultural, family, environment | 9 | |
| 9580119802 | two reasons of why experiments are important | hindsight bias + overconfidence | 10 | |
| 9580119803 | types of research methods | descriptive, correlational, and experimental | 11 | |
| 9580119804 | descriptive methods | case study survey naturalistic observation (DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT) | 12 | |
| 9580119805 | case study | studies one person in depth may not be typical of population | 13 | |
| 9580119806 | survey | studies lots of people not in depth | 14 | |
| 9580119807 | naturalistic observation | observe + write facts without interference | 15 | |
| 9580119808 | correlational method | shows relation, but not cause/effect scatterplots show research | 16 | |
| 9580119809 | correlation coefficient | + 1.0 (both increase) 0 (no correlation - 1.0 (one increases, other decreases) | 17 | |
| 9580119810 | experimental method | does show cause and effect | 18 | |
| 9580119811 | population | type of people who are going to be used in experiment | 19 | |
| 9580119812 | sample | actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias) | 20 | |
| 9580119813 | random assignment | chance selection between experimental and control groups | 21 | |
| 9580119814 | control group | not receiving experimental treatment receives placebo | 22 | |
| 9580119815 | experimental group | receiving treatment/drug | 23 | |
| 9580119816 | independent variable | drug/procedure/treatment | 24 | |
| 9580119817 | dependent variable | outcome of using the drug/treatment | 25 | |
| 9580119818 | confounding variable | can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control | 26 | |
| 9580119819 | scientific method | theory hypothesis operational definition revision | 27 | |
| 9580119820 | theory | general idea being tested | 28 | |
| 9580119821 | hypothesis | measurable/specific | 29 | |
| 9580119822 | operational definition | procedures that explain components | 30 | |
| 9580119823 | mode | appears the most | 31 | |
| 9580119824 | mean | average | 32 | |
| 9580119825 | median | middle | 33 | |
| 9580119826 | range | highest - lowest | 34 | |
| 9580119827 | standard deviation | how scores vary around the mean | 35 | |
| 9580119828 | central tendency | single score that represents the whole | 36 | |
| 9580119829 | bell curve | (natural curve) |  | 37 |
| 9580119830 | ethics of testing on animals | need to be treated humanly basically similar to humans | 38 | |
| 9580119831 | ethics of testing on humans | consent debriefing no unnecessary discomfort/pain confidentiality | 39 | |
| 9580119832 | sensory neurons | travel from sensory receptors to brain | 40 | |
| 9580119833 | motor neurons | travel from brain to "motor" workings | 41 | |
| 9580119834 | interneurons | (in brain and spinal cord) connecting motor and sensory neurons | 42 | |
| 9580120026 | neuron |  | 43 | |
| 9580119835 | dendrites | receive messages from other neurons | 44 | |
| 9580119836 | myelin sheath | protects the axon | 45 | |
| 9580119837 | axon | where charges travel from cell body to axon terminal | 46 | |
| 9580119838 | neurotransmitters | chemical messengers | 47 | |
| 9580119839 | reuptake | extra neurotransmitters are taken back | 48 | |
| 9580119840 | excitatory charge | "Let's do it!" | 49 | |
| 9580119841 | inhibitory charge | "Let's not do it!" | 50 | |
| 9580119842 | central nervous system | brain and spinal cord | 51 | |
| 9580119843 | peripheral nervous system | somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system | 52 | |
| 9580119844 | somatic nervous system | voluntary movements | 53 | |
| 9580119845 | autonomic nervous system | involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) | 54 | |
| 9580119846 | sympathetic nervous system | arousing | 55 | |
| 9580119847 | parasympathetic nervous system | calming | 56 | |
| 9580119848 | neural networks | more connections form with greater use others fall away if not used | 57 | |
| 9580119849 | spinal cord | expressway of information bypasses brain when reflexes involved | 58 | |
| 9580119850 | endocrine system | slow uses hormones in the blood system | 59 | |
| 9580119851 | master gland | pituitary gland | 60 | |
| 9580119852 | brainstem | extension of the spinal cord responsible for automatic survival | 61 | |
| 9580119853 | reticular formation (if stimulated) | sleeping subject wakes up | 62 | |
| 9580119854 | reticular formation (if damaged) | coma | 63 | |
| 9580119855 | brainstem (if severed) | still move (without purpose) | 64 | |
| 9580119856 | thalamus | sensory switchboard (does not process smell) | 65 | |
| 9580119857 | hypothalamus | basic behaviors (hunger, thirst, sex, blood chemistry) | 66 | |
| 9580119858 | cerebellum | nonverbal memory, judge time, balance emotions, coordinate movements | 67 | |
| 9580119859 | cerebellum (if damaged) | difficulty walking and coordinating | 68 | |
| 9580119860 | amygdala | aggression, fear, and memory associated with these emotions | 69 | |
| 9580119861 | amygdala (if lesioned) | subject is mellow | 70 | |
| 9580119862 | amygdala (if stimulated) | aggressive | 71 | |
| 9580119863 | hippocampus | process new memory | 72 | |
| 9580119864 | cerebrum | two large hemispheres perceiving, thinking, and processing | 73 | |
| 9580119865 | cerebral cortex | only in higher life forms | 74 | |
| 9580119866 | association areas | integrate and interpret information | 75 | |
| 9580119867 | glial cells | provide nutrients to myelin sheath marks intelligence higher proportion of glial cells to neurons | 76 | |
| 9580119868 | frontal lobe | judgement, personality, processing (Phineas Gage accident) | 77 | |
| 9580119869 | parietal lobe | math and spatial reasoning | 78 | |
| 9580119870 | temporal lobe | audition and recognizing faces | 79 | |
| 9580119871 | occipital lobe | vision | 80 | |
| 9580119872 | corpus callosum | split in the brain to stop hyper-communication (eliminate epileptic seizures) | 81 | |
| 9580119873 | Wernicke's area | interprets auditory and hearing | 82 | |
| 9580119874 | Broca's area | speaking words | 83 | |
| 9580119875 | plasticity | ability to adapt if damaged | 84 | |
| 9580119876 | sensation | what our senses tell us | 85 | |
| 9580119877 | bottom-up processing | senses to brain | 86 | |
| 9580119878 | perception | what our brain tells us to do with that information | 87 | |
| 9580119879 | top-down processing | brain to senses | 88 | |
| 9580119880 | inattentional blindness | fail to "gorilla" because attention is elsewhere | 89 | |
| 9580119881 | cocktail party effect | even with tons of stimuli, we are able to pick out our name, etc. | 90 | |
| 9580119882 | change blindness | giving directions and person is changed and we don't notice | 91 | |
| 9580119883 | choice blindness | when defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed | 92 | |
| 9580119884 | absolute threshold | minimum stimulation needed in order to notice 50% of the time | 93 | |
| 9580119885 | signal detection theory | we notice what is more important to us (rather hear a baby crying) | 94 | |
| 9580119886 | JND (just noticeable difference) | (Weber's law) difference between different stimuli noticed in proportion | 95 | |
| 9580119887 | sensory adaptation | tired of noticing (Brain says, "Been there, done that. Next?" | 96 | |
| 9580119888 | rods | night time | 97 | |
| 9580119889 | cones | color | 98 | |
| 9580119890 | parallel processing | notice color, form, depth, movement, etc. | 99 | |
| 9580119891 | Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | 3 corresponding color receptors (RGB) | 100 | |
| 9580119892 | Hering's opponent-process theory | after image in opposite colors (RG, YB, WB) | 101 | |
| 9580119893 | trichromatic + opponent-process | Young-Helmholtz -> color stimuli Hering -> en route to cortex | 102 | |
| 9580119894 | frequency we hear most | human voice | 103 | |
| 9580119895 | Helmoltz (hearing) | we hear different pitches in different places in basilar membrane (high pitches) | 104 | |
| 9580119896 | frequency theory | impulse frequency (low pitches) | 105 | |
| 9580119897 | Helmholtz + frequency theory | middle pitches | 106 | |
| 9580119898 | Skin feels what? | warmth, cold, pressure, pain | 107 | |
| 9580119899 | gate-control theory | small fibers - pain large fibers - other senses | 108 | |
| 9580119900 | memory of pain | peaks and ends | 109 | |
| 9580119901 | smell | close to memory section (not in thalamus) | 110 | |
| 9580119902 | grouping | Gestalt make sense of pieces create a whole | 111 | |
| 9580119903 | grouping groups | proximity similarity continuity connectedness closure | 112 | |
| 9580119904 | make assumptions of placement | higher - farther smaller - farther blocking - closer, in front | 113 | |
| 9580119905 | perception = | mood + motivation | 114 | |
| 9580119906 | consciousness | awareness of ourselves and the environment | 115 | |
| 9580119907 | circadian rhythm | daily biological clock and regular cycle (sleep and awake) | 116 | |
| 9580119908 | circadian rhythm pattern | - activated by light - light sensitive retinal proteins signal brains SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) - pineal gland decreases melatonin | 117 | |
| 9580119909 | What messes with circadian rhythm? | artificial light | 118 | |
| 9580119910 | The whole sleep cycle lasts how long? | 90 minutes | 119 | |
| 9580119911 | sleep stages | relaxed stage (alpha waves) stage 1 (early sleep) (hallucinations) stage 2 (sleep spindles - bursts of activity) (sleep talk) stage 3 (transition phase) (delta waves) stage 4 (delta waves) (sleepwalk/talk + wet the bed) stage 5 (REM) (sensory-rich dreams) (paradoxical sleep) | 120 | |
| 9580119912 | purpose of sleep | 1. recuperation - repair neurons and allow unused neural connections to wither 2. making memories 3. body growth (children sleep more) | 121 | |
| 9580119913 | insomnia | can't sleep | 122 | |
| 9580119914 | narcolepsy | fall asleep anywhere at anytime | 123 | |
| 9580119915 | sleep apnea | stop breathing in sleep | 124 | |
| 9580119916 | night terrors | prevalent in children | 125 | |
| 9580119917 | sleepwalking/sleeptalking | hereditary - prevalent in children | 126 | |
| 9580119918 | dreaming (3) | 1. vivid bizarre intense sensory experiences 2. carry fear/survival issues - vestiges of ancestors' survival ideas 2. replay previous day's experiences/worries | 127 | |
| 9580119919 | purpose of dreaming (5 THEORIES) | 1. physiological function - develop/preserve neural pathways 2. Freud's wish-fulfillment (manifest/latent content) 3. activation synthesis - make sense of stimulation originating in brain 4. information processing 5. cognitive development - reflective of intelligence | 128 | |
| 9580119920 | 1. Can hypnosis bring you back in time? 2. Can hypnosis make you do things you wouldn't normally do? 3. Can it alleviate pain? 4. What state are you in during hypnosis? 5. Who is more susceptible? | 1. cannot take you back in time 2. cannot make you do things you won't do 3. can alleviate pain 4. fully conscious ((IMAGINATIVE PEOPLE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE)) | 129 | |
| 9580119921 | depressants | slows neural pathways | 130 | |
| 9580119922 | alcohol | ((depressant)) disrupts memory formation (REM) lowers inhibition expectancy effect | 131 | |
| 9580119923 | barbituates (tranquilizers) | ((depressant)) reduce anxiety | 132 | |
| 9580119924 | opiates | ((depressant)) pleasure reduce anxiety/pain | 133 | |
| 9580119925 | stimulants | hypes neural processing | 134 | |
| 9580119926 | methamphetamine | ((stimulant)) heightens energy euphoria affects dopamine | 135 | |
| 9580119927 | caffeine | ((stimulant)) | 136 | |
| 9580119928 | nicotine | ((stimulant)) CNS releases neurotransmitters calm anxiety reduce pain affects (nor)epinephrine and dopamine | 137 | |
| 9580119929 | cocaine | ((stimulant)) euphoria affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine | 138 | |
| 9580119930 | hallucinogen | excites neural activity | 139 | |
| 9580119931 | ecstasy | ((hallucinogen)) reuptake is blocked affects dopamine and serotonin | 140 | |
| 9580119932 | LSD | ((hallucinogen)) affects sensory/emotional "trip" (+/-) affects serotonin | 141 | |
| 9580119933 | marijuana | ((hallucinogen)) amplify sensory experience disrupts memory formation | 142 | |
| 9580119934 | learning | organism changing behavior due to experience (association of events) | 143 | |
| 9580119935 | types of learning | classical operant observational | 144 | |
| 9580119936 | famous classical psychologists | Pavlov and Watson | 145 | |
| 9580119937 | famous operant psychologist | Skinner | 146 | |
| 9580119938 | famous observational psychologists | Bandura | 147 | |
| 9580119939 | classical conditioning | outside stimulus | 148 | |
| 9580119940 | Pavlov's experiment | Step 1: US (food) -> UR (salivation) Step 2: NS (bell) -> US (food) -> UR (salivation) Later... CS (bell) -> CR (salivation) | 149 | |
| 9580119941 | Watson's experiment | white rat was given to Little Albert Step 1: US (noise) -> UR (cry) Step 2: NS (rat) -> US (noise) -> UR (cry) Later... CS (rat) -> CR (cry) | 150 | |
| 9580119942 | generalization | any small, white fluffy creature will make Albert cry now | 151 | |
| 9580119943 | discriminate | any large, white fluffy creature won't make Albert cry | 152 | |
| 9580119944 | extinction | stop "treating" with conditioned response | 153 | |
| 9580119945 | spontaneous recovery | bring stimulus back after a while | 154 | |
| 9580119946 | operant conditioning | control by organism | 155 | |
| 9580119947 | Skinner's experiment | operant chamber / Skinner box (lead to shaping) | 156 | |
| 9580119948 | shaping | get animal closer to doing what you want them to do | 157 | |
| 9580119949 | reinforcers | want to continue behavior (positive reinforcement: give money to do laundry) (negative reinforcement: do to avoid nagging) | 158 | |
| 9580119950 | punishments | want to stop behavior (positive reinforcement: smack) (negative reinforcement: take away phone) | 159 | |
| 9580119951 | fixed ratio | happens a certain number of times (Starbucks punch card) | 160 | |
| 9580119952 | variable ratio | happens an unpredictable number of times (winning the lottery) | 161 | |
| 9580119953 | organism must do these (2 times) | fixed ratio and variable ratio | 162 | |
| 9580119954 | fixed interval | happens at a certain time (mailman comes to the house at 10:00 AM) | 163 | |
| 9580119955 | variable interval | happens at any time (receive texts from friends) | 164 | |
| 9580119956 | these things happen regardless (2 times) | fixed interval and variable interval | 165 | |
| 9580119957 | Which (fixed/variable) conditions better? | variable | 166 | |
| 9580119958 | criticisms of Skinner | doesn't take into account intrinsic motivation | 167 | |
| 9580119959 | intrinsic motivation | doing something for yourself, not the reward | 168 | |
| 9580119960 | extrinsic motivation | doing something for reward | 169 | |
| 9580119961 | Skinner's legacy | use it personally, at school, and at work | 170 | |
| 9580119962 | famous observational experiment | Bandura's Bobo doll | 171 | |
| 9580119963 | famous observational psychologist | Bandura | 172 | |
| 9580119964 | mirror neurons | "feel" what is observed happens in higher order animals | 173 | |
| 9580119965 | Bobo doll experiment legacy | violent video games/movies desensitize us see good: do good see evil: do evil | 174 | |
| 9580119966 | observational learning | biological behaviors work best | 175 | |
| 9580119967 | habituation | get used to it -> stop reacting | 176 | |
| 9580119968 | examples for observational learning | lectures and reading | 177 | |
| 9580119969 | serotonin involved with memory | speeds the connection between neurons | 178 | |
| 9580119970 | LTP | ((long-term potentiation)) strengthens potential neural forming (associated with speed) | 179 | |
| 9580119971 | CREB | protein that can switch genes on/off with memory and connection of memories | 180 | |
| 9580119972 | glutamate involved with memory | neurotransmitter that enhances LTP | 181 | |
| 9580119973 | glucose involved with memory | released during strong emotions ((signaling important event to be remembered)) | 182 | |
| 9580119974 | flashbulb memory | type of memory remembered because it was an important/quick moment | 183 | |
| 9580119975 | amygdala (memory) | boosts activity of proteins in memory-forming areas to fight/flight | 184 | |
| 9580119976 | cerebellum (memory) | forms and stores implicit memories ((classical conditioning)) | 185 | |
| 9580119977 | hippocampus (memory) | active during sleep (forming memories) ((information "moves" after 48 hours)) | 186 | |
| 9580119978 | memory | learning over time contains information that can be retrieved | 187 | |
| 9580119979 | processing stages | encoding -> storage -> retrieval | 188 | |
| 9580119980 | encoding | information going in | 189 | |
| 9580119981 | storage | keeping information in | 190 | |
| 9580119982 | retrieval | taking information out | 191 | |
| 9580119983 | How long is sensory memory stored? | seconds | 192 | |
| 9580119984 | How long is short-term memory stored? | less than a minute | 193 | |
| 9580119985 | How many bits of information is stored in short-term memory? | 7 | 194 | |
| 9580119986 | How many chunks of information is stored in short-term memory? | 4 | 195 | |
| 9580119987 | How many seconds of words is stored in short-term memory? | 2 | 196 | |
| 9580119988 | short term memory goes to ______________ | working memory | 197 | |
| 9580119989 | working memory | make a connection and process information to mean something | 198 | |
| 9580119990 | working memory goes to _________________ | long-term memory | 199 | |
| 9580119991 | How much is stored in long-term memory? | LIMITLESS | 200 | |
| 9580119992 | implicit memory | naturally do | 201 | |
| 9580119993 | explicit memory | need to explain | 202 | |
| 9580119994 | automatic processing | space, time, frequency, well-learned information | 203 | |
| 9580119995 | effortful processing | processing that requires effort | 204 | |
| 9580119996 | spacing effect | spread out learning over time | 205 | |
| 9580119997 | serial position effect | primary/recency effect | 206 | |
| 9580119998 | primary effect | remember the first things in a list | 207 | |
| 9580119999 | recency effect | remember the last things in a list | 208 | |
| 9580120000 | effortful processing (4 things) | 1. recency effect 2. spacing effect 3. testing effect 4. serial position effect | 209 | |
| 9580120001 | semantic encoding (1) meaning (2) how to | make meaning out of something --- chunk, hierarchy, or connect to you | 210 | |
| 9580120002 | if we can't remember a memory... | 1. change memory to suit us 2. fill in the blanks with logical story | 211 | |
| 9580120003 | misinformation effect | not correct information | 212 | |
| 9580120004 | imagination inflation | imagine or visualize something that isn't real | 213 | |
| 9580120005 | source amnesia | what is the truth? (is it a dream, story, memory, etc.?) | 214 | |
| 9580120006 | priming | association (setting you up) | 215 | |
| 9580120007 | context | environment helps with memory | 216 | |
| 9580120008 | state-dependency | you may remember something if you go back to the state you were in (go back to high) | 217 | |
| 9580120009 | mood-congruency | emotion will bring back similar emotional memories | 218 | |
| 9580120010 | forgetting curve | forget after 5 days forget after 5 years | 219 | |
| 9580120011 | the forgetting curve was created by | Ebbinghaus | 220 | |
| 9580120012 | proactive interference | old information interferes with the new | 221 | |
| 9580120013 | retroactive interference | new information interferes with the old | 222 | |
| 9580120014 | children can't remember before age __ | 3 | 223 | |
| 9580120015 | Loftus | connected to abuse cases/childhood | 224 | |
| 9580120016 | prototypes | generalize | 225 | |
| 9580120017 | problem-solving (4) | trial + error algorithms heuristic (representative + availability) insight - "AHA!" | 226 | |
| 9580120018 | against problem-solving | fixation | 227 | |
| 9580120019 | mental set | what has worked in the past | 228 | |
| 9580120020 | functional fixedness | only way to do this is with this | 229 | |
| 9580120021 | Chomsky (nature or nurture?) | "born with language" (nature) | 230 | |
| 9580120022 | Skinner (nature or nurture?) | language is learned (nurture) | 231 | |
| 9580120023 | grammar is _________ | universal | 232 | |
| 9580120024 | phonemes | smallest sound unit | 233 | |
| 9580120025 | morphemes | smallest meaning unit | 234 |
| 6203180098 | *Amicus Curiae briefs: | Legal briefs submitted by a "friend of the court" for the purpose of influencing a court's decision by raising additional points of view and presenting information not contained in the briefs of the formal parties. | 0 | |
| 6203269531 | *Appellate jurisdiction: | The jurisdiction of courts that hear cases brought to them on appeal from lower courts. These courts do not review the factual record, only the legal issues involved. | 1 | |
| 6203258071 | *District courts: | The 91 federal courts of original jurisdiction. They are the only federal courts in which trials are held and in which juries may be impaneled. | 2 | |
| 6203266153 | *Class action suits: | Lawsuits in which a small number of people sue on behalf of all people in similar circumstances. | 3 | |
| 6203255835 | *Judicial activism: | An approach to decision making in which judges sometimes make bold policy decisions, even charting new constitutional ground. | 4 | |
| 6203264087 | *Courts of appeal: | Appellate courts empowered to review all final decisions of district courts, except in rare cases. In addition, they also hear appeals to orders of many federal regulatory agencies. | 5 | |
| 6203230097 | *Opinion: | A statement of legal reasoning behind a judicial decision. The content of an opinion may be as important as the decision itself. | 6 | |
| 6203253460 | *Judicial Implementation: | How and whether court decisions are translated into actual policy, thereby affecting the behavior of others. The courts rely on other units of government to enforce their decisions. | 7 | |
| 6203244407 | *Judicial review: | The power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress and, by implication, the executive are in accord with the U.S. Constitution. Judicial review was established by John Marshall and his associates in Marbury v. Madison. | 8 | |
| 6203249673 | *Judicial restraint: | An approach to decision making in which judges play minimal policymaking roles and defer to legislatures whenever possible. | 9 | |
| 6203235123 | *Marbury v. Madison: | The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, in this case the Judiciary Act of 1789. | 10 | |
| 6203214840 | *Political questions: | A doctrine developed by the federal courts and used as a means to avoid deciding some cases, principally those involving conflicts between the president and Congress. | 11 | |
| 6203238660 | *Justiciable disputes: | Issues capable of being settled as a matter of law. | 12 | |
| 6203226715 | *Originalism: | A view that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the original intentions or original meaning of the Framers. Many conservatives support this view. | 13 | |
| 6203199262 | *Standing to sue: | The requirement that plaintiffs have a serious interest in a case, which depends on whether they have sustained or are likely to sustain a direct and substantial injury from another party or from an action of government. | 14 | |
| 6203220437 | *Original jurisdiction: | The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These are the courts that determine the facts about a case. | 15 | |
| 6203208530 | *Senatorial courtesy: | An unwritten tradition whereby nominations for state-level federal judicial posts are usually not confirmed if they are opposed by a senator of the president's party from the state in which the nominee will serve. The tradition also applies to courts of appeals when there is opposition from a senator of the president's party who is from the nominee's state. | 16 | |
| 6203212136 | *Precedent: | How similar cases have been decided in the past. | 17 | |
| 6203185304 | *Supreme Court | the pinnacle of the American judicial system. The Court ensures uniformity in interpreting national laws, resolves conflicts among states, and maintains national supremacy in law. It has both original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction. | 18 | |
| 6203196141 | *Stare decisis: | A Latin phrase meaning "let the decision stand." Most cases reaching appellate courts are settled on this principle. | 19 | |
| 6203206229 | *Solicitor general: | A presidential appointee and the third-ranking office in the Department of Justice. The solicitor general is in charge of the appellate court litigation of the federal government. | 20 | |
| 6203194088 | *Statutory construction: | The judicial interpretation of an act of Congress. In some cases where statutory construction is an issue, Congress passes new legislation to clarify existing laws. | 21 |
| 6285486508 | denotation | dictionary meaning(s) of the word | 0 | |
| 6285486509 | connotation | suggested beyond what is expresses | 1 | |
| 6285486510 | imagery | representation through language of sense experience | 2 | |
| 6285486511 | auditory imagery | image that represents a sound | 3 | |
| 6285486512 | olfactory imagery | image that represents a smell | 4 | |
| 6285486513 | gustatory imagery | image that represents a taste | 5 | |
| 6285486514 | organic imagery | image that represents an internal sensation (hunger, thirst, nausea) | 6 | |
| 6285486515 | kinesthetic imagery | image that represents movement or tension | 7 | |
| 6285486516 | figure of speech | any way of saying something other than the ordinary way | 8 | |
| 6285486517 | figurative language | language using figures of speech | 9 | |
| 6285486518 | metaphor | an implied comparison | 10 | |
| 6285486519 | similie | a comparison using a word or phrase (like, as, than, similar to, resembles, seems) | 11 | |
| 6285486520 | personification | giving human attributes to an animal, object, or concepts | 12 | |
| 6285486521 | apostrophe | addressing someone or thing that cannot answer back (someone absent, dead, nonhuman) | 13 | |
| 6285486522 | synecdoche | use of part to describe the whole | 14 | |
| 6285486523 | metonymy | the use of something related for the thing actually meant | 15 | |
| 6285486524 | symbol | something that means more than what it is | 16 | |
| 6285486525 | allegory | a narrative or description that has a second meaning beneath the surface | 17 | |
| 6285486526 | paradox | an apparent contradiction that is true | 18 | |
| 6285486527 | overstatement | exaggeration (describing something as more than it actually is) | 19 | |
| 6285486528 | hyperbole (literary term) | exaggeration | 20 | |
| 6285486529 | understatement | saying less than one meant | 21 | |
| 6285486530 | verbal irony | saying the opposite of what one means | 22 | |
| 6285486531 | sarcasm | bitter or cutting speech | 23 | |
| 6285486532 | satire | ridicule of human folly or vice (formal term used in literature) | 24 | |
| 6285486533 | irony of situation | discrepancy exists between actual circumstances and those that would seem appropriate | 25 | |
| 6285486534 | dramatic irony | discrepancy between what speaker says and what poem means | 26 | |
| 6285486535 | allusion | a reference to something in history or previous literature | 27 | |
| 6285486536 | tone | writer's or speaker's attitude about the subject, audience, or self | 28 | |
| 6285486537 | alliteration | repetition of initial consonant sounds (tried and true; safe and sound) | 29 | |
| 6285486538 | assonance | repetition of vowel sounds (mad as a hatter; time out of mind) | 30 | |
| 6285486539 | consonance | repetition of final consonant sounds (odds and ends; short and sweet) | 31 | |
| 6285486540 | rhyme | repetition of accented vowel sound and all succeeding sounds | 32 | |
| 6285486541 | masculine rhyme | rhyme sound involves only one syllable (decks and sex; retort and support) | 33 | |
| 6285486542 | feminine rhyme | rhyme sounds involve two or more syllables (turtle and fertile; spitefully and delightfully) | 34 | |
| 6285486543 | internal rhyme | when one or more rhyming words are within a line | 35 | |
| 6285486544 | end rhyme | when rhyming words are at the ends of lines | 36 | |
| 6285486545 | slant rhyme | words with any sound similarity | 37 | |
| 6285486546 | rhythm | wavelike recurrence of motion or sound | 38 | |
| 6285486547 | meter | kind of rhythm we can tap our foot to | 39 | |
| 6285486548 | verse | metrical language | 40 | |
| 6285486549 | prose | nonmetrical language | 41 | |
| 6285486550 | iamb | unstressed stressed | 42 | |
| 6285486551 | trochee | stresses unstressed | 43 | |
| 6285486552 | anapest | unstressed unstressed stressed | 44 | |
| 6285486553 | dactylic | stressed unstressed unstressed | 45 | |
| 6285486554 | spondee | stressed stressed | 46 | |
| 6285486556 | caesura | a pause in the middle of a line (due to punctuation or natural phrasing/syntax) | 47 | |
| 6285486560 | tetrameter | four feet | 48 | |
| 6285486561 | pentameter | five feet | 49 | |
| 6285486564 | octameter | eight feet | 50 | |
| 6285486566 | free verse | close to common speech | 51 | |
| 6285486567 | euphony | any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds | 52 | |
| 6285486568 | cacophony | harsh confusing disagreeable sounds | 53 | |
| 6285486569 | continuous form | lines follow each other without formal grouping | 54 | |
| 6285486570 | stanzas | repeated units having the same number of lines | 55 | |
| 6285486571 | fixed form | pattern that applies to whole poem | 56 | |
| 6285486572 | limerick | a humorous verse form of 5 anapestic lines with a rhyme scheme aabba | 57 | |
| 6285486573 | Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet | eight lines, six lines | 58 | |
| 6285486574 | octave | eight lines | 59 | |
| 6285486575 | sestet | six lines | 60 | |
| 6285486576 | english sonnet | three quatrains and a concluding couplet | 61 | |
| 6286039516 | antagonist | a character or force against which another character struggles | 62 | |
| 6286045077 | blank verse | a line of poetry or prose in unrhymed iambic pentameter | 63 | |
| 6286047078 | characterization | the means by which writers present and reveal character | 64 | |
| 6286048837 | climax | the turning point or greatest tension in a work | 65 | |
| 6286050780 | closed form | a type of form or structure in poetry characterized by regularity and consistency in such elements as rhyme length, line length and metrical pattern | 66 | |
| 6286056275 | conflict | a struggle between opposing forces in a story or play | 67 | |
| 6286062218 | convention | a customary feature of a literary work | 68 | |
| 6286063730 | couplet | a pair of rhymed lines that may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem | 69 | |
| 6286071839 | denouement | the resolution of the plot of a literary work | 70 | |
| 6286072788 | dialogue | the conversation of characters in a literary work | 71 | |
| 6286074494 | diction | the selection of words in a literary work | 72 | |
| 6286076001 | enjambment | a run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next | 73 | |
| 6286078493 | epic | a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero | 74 | |
| 6286081790 | epigram | a brief witty poem, often satirical | 75 | |
| 6286084072 | exposition | the first stage of a fictional or dramatic plot, in which necessary background information is provided - usually character, setting and conflict | 76 | |
| 6286087908 | falling action | in the plot of a story or play, the action following the climax of the work that moves it towards its denouement | 77 | |
| 6286090555 | fiction | an imagined story, whether in prose, poetry or drama | 78 | |
| 6286092764 | flashback | an interruption of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a work's action | 79 | |
| 6286095484 | foot | a metrical unit composed of stressed and unstressed syllables | 80 | |
| 6286098307 | foil | a character who contrasts and parallels the main character in a play or story | 81 | |
| 6286101664 | foreshadowing | hints of what is to come in the action of a play or story | 82 | |
| 6286102822 | irony | a contrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to happen in life and in literature | 83 | |
| 6286106304 | literal language | meaning what your words denote | 84 | |
| 6286109295 | narrative poem | a poem that tells a story | 85 | |
| 6286110272 | narrator | the voice and implied speaker of a fictional work; not to be confused with the author | 86 | |
| 6286113762 | ode | a long, stately poem; usually exalting or praising a subject | 87 | |
| 6286116559 | onomatopoeia | the use of words to imitate the sound they describe | 88 | |
| 6286118077 | open form | a structure of poetry characterized by freedom from | 89 |
| 5712549233 | Trans -Saharan Trade | Trade of goods through the Sahara dessert Goods: Salt, gold, animal hides, slaves Important points: Timbuktu, Goa,Djenne |  | 0 |
| 5712549234 | Islam | Monotheistic religion created in the 7th century by Arabic merchant, Muhammed |  | 1 |
| 5712549235 | Caliphate | A regional state unified by Islam |  | 2 |
| 5712549236 | Crusades | A series of Christian vs Muslim military campaigns for the "holy land" |  | 3 |
| 5712549237 | Dar-al-Islam | territory of Islam |  | 4 |
| 5712549238 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern Roman empire extending to the Eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia |  | 5 |
| 5712549239 | Sinification | Chinese-ification of Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia |  | 6 |
| 5712549240 | Mongols | nomadic invaders that conquered Eurasia with force and diplomacy |  | 7 |
| 5712549241 | Black Death | Plague that killed 1/3 of European population |  | 8 |
| 5712549242 | Maya | MesoAmerican civilization that had pyramids, large cities, a written system, and complex society |  | 9 |
| 5712549243 | Coerced labor | slavery, serfdom, corvee (government-recquired labor on public works projects), and indentured servitude |  | 10 |
| 5712549244 | Feudalism | Agricultural workers serving landowners or lords (knights and samurai) |  | 11 |
| 5712549245 | Zheng He | Ming explorer that crossed the Indian Ocean |  | 12 |
| 5712549246 | Silk | highly-priced luxury commodity mainly exported from China |  | 13 |
| 5712549247 | Chinese Inventions | gunpowder, compass, paper, astrolabe |  | 14 |
| 5712549248 | Tang Dynasty | (618-907 CE) The Chinese dynasty that was much like the Han, who used Confucianism. This dynasty had the equal-field system, a bureaucracy based on merit, and a Confucian education system. |  | 15 |
| 5712549249 | Song Dynasty | (960 - 1279 AD); started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass, navy, traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton), first to have paper money, explosive gun powder |  | 16 |
| 5712549250 | Central Asia | A region that includes the republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan |  | 17 |
| 5712549251 | Indian Ocean trade | trade between Arab, Persian, Turkish, Indian, African, Chinese, and Europe merchants |  | 18 |
| 5712549252 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. |  | 19 |
| 5712549253 | Grand Canal | an inland waterway 1000 miles long in eastern China |  | 20 |
| 5712549254 | Pax Mongolica | Mongol peace from mid-1200's through mid-1300's imposed stability and law and order across Eurasia. Guaranteed safe passage for trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries from one end of empire to other. |  | 21 |
| 5712549255 | Vikings | A nomadic group that conquered ex: Normans |  | 22 |
| 5712549256 | Syncretism | A blending of two or more religious traditions |  | 23 |
| 5712549257 | Marco Polo | Italian explorer and author who made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys, responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period. |  | 24 |
| 5712549258 | Ibn Battuta | (1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period. |  | 25 |
| 5712549259 | Mansa Musa | Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. |  | 26 |
| 5712549260 | The Renaissance | (1350-1600) bagan in Italy. Rebirth of learning, science, art, music, literature, and culture. Rediscovery of Ancient Greece and Rome |  | 27 |
| 5712549261 | Secular | Non-religious |  | 28 |
| 5712549262 | Missionary | A person who spreads his or her religious beliefs to others |  | 29 |
| 5712549263 | Charles Martel | "The Hammer" the Frankish commander for the battle of Tours. He defeated the Muslimsin the Battle of Tours, allowing Christianity to survive throughout the Dark Ages. He in a way started Feudalism by giving land to his knights that served for him. |  | 30 |
| 5712549264 | Charlemagne | 768-843; reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire. |  | 31 |
| 5712549265 | Justinian | 6th century Byzantine emperor; failed to reconquer the western portions of the empire; rebuilt Constatinople; codified Roman law |  | 32 |
| 5712549266 | hajj | A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims |  | 33 |
| 5712549267 | Zakat | part of 4th Pillar, charitable giving of 2.5% of your net worth to community treasury |  | 34 |
| 5712549268 | jihad | A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal |  | 35 |
| 5712549269 | Umayyad Caliphate | First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled one of the largest empires in history that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate. | | 36 |
| 5712549270 | Abbasid Caliphate | (750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of |  | 37 |
| 5712549271 | Baghdad | Abbasid capital |  | 38 |
| 5712549272 | Heian Era | 794 to 1185 AD, a period in Japan were there was a power struggle between those who favored a strong central emperor and those who wanted nobles to rule, during this time there was "disguised rule", (794-1185) ruled by the Fujiwara family |  | 39 |
| 5712549273 | Sudanic States | Songhay Ghana and Mali. often led by patriarch or council of elders from a family or lineage |  | 40 |
| 5712549274 | Chinampas | Aztec floating gardens |  | 41 |
| 4809548193 | Cartography | Making maps/ drawing maps/ map of California is a cartograph | 0 | |
| 4809548194 | Diffusion | The spread of an idea, thought or good/ spreading things/ fry sauce was diffused from Utah | 1 | |
| 4809577546 | Contagious Diffusion | Rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population/ something that spreads by contact via info/ fry sauce might start in Utah then spread to Nevada then Nevada might spread it to other states | 2 | |
| 4809587006 | Cultural ecology | Study of human adaption to social and physical environment/ how u adapt to things/ might adapt to a new friend group | 3 | |
| 4814445847 | Culture | Human achievement regarded collectively/ what we do as a social group/ making clay pots might be part of your culture | 4 | |
| 4814509159 | Density | Compactness of a substance/ how much is in a certain thing/ density of a rubber ball | 5 | |
| 4814509160 | Distance decay | Distance on cultural or spatial interactions/ farther away people go the less they interact/ buyer and seller move to a different part of the city they experience distance decay | 6 | |
| 4814615092 | Distribution | Action of sharing something out among a number of recipients/ sharing info to different people/ he distributed the data to his co workers | 7 | |
| 4814615093 | Environmental determinism | Environment makes a challenge for humans/ environment forces us in some way/ Mount Everest is an environment determinism | 8 | |
| 4814615094 | Equator | Imaginary Horizontal arc that runs across the globe/ the arc that goes across the earth/ Africa is in the equator | 9 | |
| 4814615095 | Expansion diffusion | Trend is spread outward from its starting place/ trend spread outward/ joggers might have had an expansion diffusion | 10 | |
| 4814615096 | Formal region | Places with same characteristics in the sane area/ area with same characteristics in one place/ same buildings, color of house | 11 | |
| 4814615097 | Friction of distance | Distance requires money or effort to overcome/ airplane ride costs money and time | 12 | |
| 4814615098 | Functional region | Location is made around a node/ place is made around a center place/ downtown SLC was made and SLC was made around it | 13 | |
| 4814615099 | GIS | Satellite that forms maps using images/ google maps | 14 | |
| 4814615100 | GPS | Global Positioning System, that provides location and time/ satellite that shows where u are/ GPS maps | 15 | |
| 4814615101 | Hierarchical diffusion | Hierarchical diffusion is the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or place/ idea that spreads from one person to authority to different places/ car industry might spread with hierarchical diffusion | 16 | |
| 4814615102 | Hearth | Originating place of anything/ starting place/ hearth of Americans is Europe but we traveled here | 17 | |
| 4814615103 | International date line | Vertical line 180 degrees east or west of prime meridian/ line east or west of meridian | 18 | |
| 4814615104 | Latitude | Imaginary Arc that goes east to west on the globe used for navigating/ 38 degrees latitude | 19 | |
| 4814615105 | Longitude | Imaginary line that runs north and south used for navigating/ 42 degrees longitude | 20 | |
| 4814615106 | Mercator projection | Is a map that correctly uses longitude and latitude but messes up size/ space right size wrong | 21 | |
| 4814615107 | Possibilism | When we overcome natures boundaries/ we overcome nature/ Mount Everest used to be impossible to climb but we overcame it | 22 | |
| 4814615108 | Projection | Presentation of an image, trying to make a sphere appear on a map | 23 | |
| 4814615109 | Relocation diffusion | Spread of an idea through physical interaction/ spreading a disease | 24 | |
| 4814615110 | Remote sensing | Scanning of earth by aircraft/ scanning pics via aircraft/ GIS | 25 | |
| 4814615111 | Robinson projection | Map that shows correct size and space | 26 | |
| 4814615112 | Scale | Ration between model and actual globe/ ratio of world to model/ map, small globe | 27 | |
| 4814615113 | Site | Where the place actually is/ absolute location/ where dans is | 28 | |
| 4814615114 | Situation | Where the place is in relation to other places/ dans is by bowling alley and by great clips | 29 | |
| 4814615115 | Space time compression | Bringing people together in connectivity even though they might still be the same distance away/ people are connecting closer from greater distances/ connecting with other countries and we are closer together | 30 | |
| 4814615116 | Spatial analysis | Examining locations places and space around the w | 31 | |
| 4814615117 | Stimulus diffusion | People receive a culture element but make it unique/ making others culture your own but changing it a bit | 32 | |
| 4814615118 | Time zones | 24 hour different zones that change by 1 hour by each time zone/ California and Utah have different time zones | 33 | |
| 4814615119 | Toponym | Places name/ SLC | 34 | |
| 4814615120 | Uneven development | Persistent differences in levels and rates of economic development/ differences in economic development/ chile vs USA | 35 | |
| 4814615121 | Vernacular region | Not actually on the map but the place where different social groups are/ Navajo | 36 | |
| 4880903550 | Age distribution | 37 |
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