| 4781032193 | Emergent Properties | frog, ant colony, desert ecosystem | | 0 |
| 4781091917 | Molecules | A chemical structure consisting of 2 or more units called atoms. | | 1 |
| 4781108935 | DNA | genetic material | | 2 |
| 4781194846 | Matter | anything that takes up space and has mass | | 3 |
| 4781205090 | Element | substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions | | 4 |
| 4781205091 | Compound | substance consisting of 2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio | | 5 |
| 4781213141 | make up 96% of all living matter | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen | | 6 |
| 4781216793 | Essential elements | organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce | | 7 |
| 4781218436 | Trace elements | required by an organism in only minute quantities | | 8 |
| 4781224631 | Atomic Number | Number of protons | | 9 |
| 4781225738 | Atomic Mass | Sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | | 10 |
| 4781231214 | Isotope | different atomic forms of the same element | | 11 |
| 4781234550 | energy | capacity to cause change | | 12 |
| 4781238013 | radioactive isotope | nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles of energy | | 13 |
| 4781252375 | potential energy | energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure | | 14 |
| 4781265963 | What determines the chemical behavior of an atom | distribution of electrons in the atom's electron shells which are called valence electrons | | 15 |
| 4781284438 | Structural formula of Hydrogen | H-H | | 16 |
| 4781285974 | Structural formula of Oxygen | O=O | | 17 |
| 4781288282 | Structural formula of Water | H-O-H | | 18 |
| 4781291338 | What type of bond is in O2 | non polar covalent bond because it is the same element and the electronegativity is the same so the electrons are shared equally | | 19 |
| 4781307514 | Electronegativity | Atoms in a molecule attract shared electrons to varying degrees, depending on the element. The attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond | | 20 |
| 4781627549 | nonpolar covalent bond | between two atoms of the same element because the electrons are shared equally because the two atoms have the same electronegativity | | 21 |
| 4781635028 | polar covalent bond | an atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, the electrons of the bond are not shared equally which creates what type of bond | | 22 |
| 4781641805 | ionic bond | 2 atoms are so unequal in their attraction for valence electrons that the more electronegative atom strips an electron completely away from its atom | | 23 |
| 4781657505 | Hydrogen bonds | Nonycovalent attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atoms | | 24 |
| 4781664619 | Name bonds strongest to weakest | covalent
ionic
hydrogen
van der waals | | 25 |
| 4781677057 | Dynamic equilibrium | Reactions are still going on, but with no net effect on the concentrations of reactants and products | | 26 |
| 4781686132 | Polar molecule | unequal sharing of electrons
overall charge is unevenly distributed
water has a partial negative charge in the oxygen and each hydrogen has a partial positive charge | | 27 |
| 4782012157 | Cohesion | hydrogen bonds hold the substance together | | 28 |
| 4782025771 | Adhesion | clinging of one substance to another | | 29 |
| 4782038879 | Calorie | the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree C | | 30 |
| 4782074204 | Explain how hydrogen bonding contributes to water's high specific heat | Heat must be absorbed to break hydrogen bonds
heat is released when hydrogen bonds form
calorie of heat causes a relatively small change in temp of water because much of the heat is used to disrupt hydrogen bonds before water molecules can begin to move faster
when temp of water drops slightly, many additional hydrogen bonds form, relating a considerable amount of energy in the form of heat | | 31 |
| 4782109920 | Heat of Vaporization | quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state | | 32 |
| 4782114858 | Evaporation | Transformation from a liquid to a gas | | 33 |
| 4782145275 | Solvent | dissolving agent | | 34 |
| 4782145276 | Solution | liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances | | 35 |
| 4782145277 | Solute | substance that is dissolved | | 36 |
| 4782172078 | because of its polarity | Why is water such a fine solvent | | 37 |
| 4782193850 | Hydrophilic | likes water
ionic
polar
can form hydrogen bonds | | 38 |
| 4782205228 | hydrophobic | dislikes water
nonionic
nonpolar
cannot form hydrogen bonds | | 39 |
| 4782233780 | Molarity | the number of moles of solute per liter of solution | | 40 |
| 4782237739 | H+ and OH- | What 2 ions form when water dissociates | | 41 |
| 4784171325 | Acid | Substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | | 42 |
| 4784172469 | Base | Substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | | 43 |
| 4784186472 | 10x10=100x more acidic | How many times more acidic is a pH of 3 compared to a pH of 5? | | 44 |
| 4784190364 | 10x10x10x10=10,000x more acidic | How many times more basic is a pH of 12 compared to a pH of 8? | | 45 |
| 4784198388 | substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution.
Accepts hydrogen ion from solution when they are in excess and donating hydrogen ions to the solution when they have been depleted. | How do buffers moderate pH change | | 46 |
| 4784212306 | 4 | How many valence electrons does carbon have? | | 47 |
| 4784363099 | 4 | How many bonds can carbon form | | 48 |
| 4784366757 | single or double covalent bonds | What type of bonds does it form with other elements? | | 49 |
| 4784383942 | Straight, branched, or arranged in closed rings | Carbon chains form skeletons. List here the types of skeletons that can be formed | | 50 |
| 4784407169 | Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
Butane, Butene, Benzene
hydrophobic | What is hydrocarbon? Name two. Are hydrocarbons hydrophobic or hydrophilic? | | 51 |
| 4784429105 | Functional group | chemical groups that affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions | | 52 |
| 4784455472 | Hydroxyl group | |  | 53 |
| 4784466318 | Carbonyl group | |  | 54 |
| 4784471062 | carboxyl group | |  | 55 |
| 4784474177 | Amino group | |  | 56 |
| 4784485968 | Sulfhydryl group | |  | 57 |
| 4784489871 | Phosphate group | |  | 58 |
| 4784497567 | Methyl Group | |  | 59 |
| 4785567124 | Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids | The large molecules of all living things fall into just four main classes. Name them. | | 60 |
| 4786687658 | Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids | Three of the four classes that are macromolecules | | 61 |
| 4786698164 | macromolecule | made up of a very large number of atoms | | 62 |
| 4786703774 | polymer | long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. | | 63 |
| 4786706515 | monomers | repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer, smaller molecules | | 64 |
| 4786723621 | Dehydration
monomers are connected by a reaction where 2 molecules are covalently bonded, with the loss of a water molecule | Monomers are connected in what type of reaction? What happens in the reaction? | | 65 |
| 4786730890 | Hydrolysis, bond between monomers is broken by the addition of water | Large molecules (polymers) are converted to monomers in what type of reaction? | | 66 |
| 4786751579 | monosaccharides | what are the monomers of all carbohydrates | | 67 |
| 4786760125 | carbonyl and hydroxyl groups | what are the functional groups that all sugars have? | | 68 |
| 4786788595 | Ketone- carbonyle is within the carbon skeleton
Aldehyde- carbonyl is at the end of carbon skeleton | Difference between Ketone and Aldehyde | | 69 |
| 4786932803 | Isomers | What is the term for compounds that have the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas | | 70 |
| 4787025987 | glycogen and cellulose | The 2 categories of polysaccharides are... | | 71 |
| 4787064205 | Hydrophobic | Lipids include fats, waxes, oils, phospholipids, and steroids. What characteristic do
all lipids share? | | 72 |
| 4787071394 | glycerol and fatty acids | What are the building blocks of fats? | | 73 |
| 4787096903 | Ester linkage | Bond between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group | | 74 |
| 4787098934 | Saturated fats | lard and butter
solid at room temperature
stack together | | 75 |
| 4787107044 | unsaturated fats | fat of fish and plants (olive oil)
liquid at room temperature
don't pack together | | 76 |
| 4787146591 | energy storage | major function of fats | | 77 |
| 4787205005 | R group | variable group symbolized by an R
Side chain
differs with each amino acid | | 78 |
| 4787214813 | 20 | How many different R groups | | 79 |
| 4787260109 | peptide bond | a bond when two amino acids are positioned so that the carboxyl group of one is adjacent to the amino group of the other, they become joined by a dehydration reaction with the removal of a water molecule | | 80 |
| 4787429403 | Primary structure | what structure?
sequence of amino acids | | 81 |
| 4787478745 | Secondary structure | what structure?
segments of their polypeptide chains repeatedly could or folded in papers that contribute to the overall shape
hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of polypeptide backbone | | 82 |
| 4787488123 | Tertiary structure | what structure?
overall shape of a polypeptide resulting from interactions between the side chains of various amino acids
covalent bonds, disulfide bridges | | 83 |
| 4787501007 | Quaternary Structure | what structure?
2 or more polypeptide chains formed into one functional macromolecule | | 84 |
| 4787529320 | denaturation | weak chemical bonds and interactions within a protein may be destroyed, causing the protein to unravel and lose its native shape | | 85 |
| 4787536693 | change of ph
change in salt concentration
change in temp | how can a protein become denatured? | | 86 |
| 4787631399 | A,T,C,G | Nitrogenous bases found in DNA | | 87 |
| 4787633046 | A,U,G,C | Nitrogenous bases found in RNA | | 88 |
| 4787641216 | Deoxy is double stranded
Ribose is single stranded | Ribose vs Deoxyribose | | 89 |
| 4787668420 | Antiparallel | two sugar phosphate backbones run in opposite 5->3 directions from each other | | 90 |
| 4787891687 | Trace element | chemical elements representing less than 0.01% of body weight | | 91 |
| 4787899587 | atomic number | # of protons in an atom | | 92 |
| 4787900876 | mass number | # of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of one atom | | 93 |
| 4787903702 | isotope | atoms of a given element that differ in the number of neutrons | | 94 |
| 4787919905 | Radioisotopes | form of isotope that contains an unstable nucleus that emits energy and particle in an attempt to stabilize structure | | 95 |
| 4787930303 | inert atoms | refers to those elements with no vacancies in their shells, show little tendency to enter chemical reactions | | 96 |
| 4787979951 | Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of the DNA molecule together and stabilize its structure. | importance of hydrogen bonds in establishing the structure of DNA | | 97 |
| 4788067578 | ionic bond | what bond?
2 charged atoms have a mutual attraction due to a transfer of electrons | | 98 |
| 4788070598 | covalent bond | what bond?
electrons are shared | | 99 |
| 4788072083 | there is no difference in the charge at the ends of the two poles of the bond | non polar covalent bond implies... | | 100 |
| 4788084428 | hydrogen bond | type of chemical bond that contributes to the shape of large molecules | | 101 |
| 4788143160 | sulfhydryl group | a functional group that stabilizes the structure of proteins | | 102 |
| 4788144690 | phosphate group | functional group that is found within the structure of ATP and DNA | | 103 |
| 4788149411 | hydroxyl group | functional group of the alcohols | | 104 |
| 4788152372 | carbonyl group | functional group that is used in the building of fats and carbohydrates | | 105 |
| 4788153660 | carboxyl group | functional group highly polar and found in amino acids | | 106 |
| 4788156657 | alcohols | functional group thats an organic molecule containing large numbers of -OH functional groups | | 107 |
| 4790035298 | enzymes | class of proteins that make chemical reactions occur faster | | 108 |
| 4790040591 | condensation reaction/dehydrations | formation of a covalent bond by the removal of -OH and H+ functional groups, forming water | | 109 |
| 4790057383 | cleavage | any action that splits a molecule into 2 smaller molecules | | 110 |
| 4790069953 | polysaccharides | complex carbohydrates are... | | 111 |
| 4790071324 | polysaccharide | chitin is in what class of carbohydrates... | | 112 |
| 4790075414 | oligosaccharides | disaccharides are also called | | 113 |
| 4790078811 | monosaccharide | ribose and deoxyribose are in what class of carbohydrates | | 114 |
| 4790081938 | oligosaccharides | lactose, sucrose, and maltose are examples of what class of the carbohydrates | | 115 |
| 4790084325 | monosaccharides | glucose and fructose are in what class of carbohydrates | | 116 |
| 4790086474 | polysaccharide | starch and glycogen are in what class of carbohydrates | | 117 |
| 4790089080 | polysaccharide | cellulose is in what class of carbohydrates | | 118 |
| 4790099899 | chitin | main structural material in some external skeletons and other hard body parts of some animals and fungi | | 119 |
| 4790238325 | triglycerides | richest source of body energy | | 120 |
| 4790240869 | sterols/lipid | cholesterol belongs to what class | | 121 |
| 4790287251 | peptide bond | type of covalent bond linking one amino acid to another | | 122 |
| 4790280645 | disulfide bridges | a chemical bond between polypeptide chains that uses two sulfur atoms | | 123 |
