| 5266476095 | Political Culture | Distinctive and patterned way of thinking about how political and economic life ought to be carried out. | | 0 |
| 5266479555 | Elements of political culture | -Liberty
- Equality (Political vs. Economic?)
- Democracy
- Civic Duty
- Individual responsibility and self reliance (aka Protestant work ethic) | | 1 |
| 5266492001 | Immigrant Society | -US has always been a nation of immigrant | | 2 |
| 5266596283 | American Melting Pot | America is a place where people from all parts around the world come together and blend their identities into one | | 3 |
| 5266780019 | Regional Shift | Since WWII, much of America's population growth has been centered in the West and South-- especially in Florida, California, and Texas as more people have moved to the sunbelt | | 4 |
| 5266783383 | Graying of America | the aging of the American population, or increase of the proportion of elderly citizens, caused by a declining birth rate and increased life expectancy. Caused an increase in costliness of Social Security pensions, rapid increase in health costs, and meant the elderly would be politically formidable. | | 5 |
| 5266790904 | Political Socialization | The complex process by which people acquire their political values.
Ideology - What government should do
Culture - How government should operate
Factors
§ The Family and the Social Environment
§ Media Presentation of Political Issues
§ Education as a Source of Political Socialization
§ Peers and Peer Group Influence
§ Opinion Leaders' Influence | | 6 |
| 5266852961 | Family | Considered the most important factor
§ Links to other factors
Democrats transmit ID 2/3 of the time, Rep. and Ind. only slightly less.
Influence of the family of political socialization in two factors: communication and receptivity. children at an early age learn their parents political values. decline of liberal ideological self-identification | | 7 |
| 5267233359 | Religion | -Protestants lean R (Moral Majority)
-Catholics lean D
-Jews lean heavily D
-Evangelicals lean heavily (OMG!) R
-Americans tend to be extremely "Religilous" compared to other nations (More churches per capita than any other country)
76% of all Americans consider religion an important part of their lives. many issues are influenced by religion and lead by religious people. i.e. civil rights movement, lead by Reverend Martin Luther King. Jerry Falwell lead the Moral Majority group and helped aid in Ronald Reagan's election. | | 8 |
| 5267250377 | Education | Education closely linked to political participation
§ Less education and intellectuals = Democrat
§ Higher education = Republicans
-The more education you have, the more likely you are to participate | | 9 |
| 5267258386 | Gender | -Women lean D
-Men lean R
-Men usually participate more
- Gender gap has closed over the last few elections | | 10 |
| 5267262567 | Race | -Blacks lean heavily D
-Latinos lean D
-Asians lean heavily R
-Affirmative Action still an issue | | 11 |
| 5267273521 | Socioeconomic Status (SES) | -Poor lean D
§ Favor social programs
§ Tend to be conservative on social issues
§ Are isolationist on foreign policy
-Wealthy lean R
§ Conservative on economic issues
§ Will tolerate some social change | | 12 |
| 5267738178 | Public Opinion | Aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs shared by some portion of adults
---How people think or feel about particular things
The constitution checks public opinion | | 13 |
| 5267756145 | Opinion Polls | Interview or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population |  | 14 |
| 5267769556 | Straw Poll | Unscientific surveys used to gauge public opinion on a variety of issues and policies
Informal opinion poll to test the "political winds"
Literary Digest - 1936 and Alf Landon |  | 15 |
| 5267786102 | Tracking Poll | Continuous surveys that enable a campaign to chart its daily rise or fall in support. | | 16 |
| 5267796359 | Exit Poll | Polls conducted at selected polling places on Election Day
Voting places selected at random
Example: ask every 10th person how they voted
Predict vote before west coast is done voting |  | 17 |
| 5267810461 | Gallup Poll | -Goal is to come up with same results as if every member of a population was interviewed
-College, cons, soldiers, and patients not used
Sampling
-Equal probability of selection is very important
-+/- 3% points is considered as close as it gets
-For populations over 500,000 → 15,000 calls → to reach 1,065 respondants |  | 18 |
| 5267870575 | Problems with Polls | -Some people might lie
-Unlisted numbers (cell phones)
-Polling fatigue (people don't want to participate)
-Polls can influence - negatively sometimes - actual voting (Bandwagon Effect)
-wording | | 19 |
| 5267885955 | What have polls revealed? | That most Americans are uninformed (young people more so) | | 20 |
| 5267895222 | Push Polls | Polls taken for the purpose of providing information on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against that candidate | | 21 |
| 5267906514 | Political ideology | The coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals | | 22 |
| 5267922391 | Pure liberals | liberal on both economic and personal conduct issues | | 23 |
| 5267923968 | Pure conservatives | conservative on both economic and personal conduct issues | | 24 |
| 5267927571 | Libertarians | conservative on economic issues, liberal on personal conduct issues | | 25 |
| 5267930315 | Populists | liberal on economic issues, conservative on personal conduct issues | | 26 |
| 5267941081 | Why has mistrust increased since the 1950's? | -Vietnam, Watergate, Clinton in general, etc.
-Partisanship and gridlock (moderates frozen out)
-Divided government
-Role of PACs, IG, & corporate money
-Non-voting and rise in Independents
-However it is still close to the historical norm | | 27 |
| 5267955838 | Conventional Participation | - Voting
- Running for Office
- Collecting signatures for a petition |  | 28 |
| 5267963521 | Unconventional Participation | - protesting
- Civil disobedience
- Violence |  | 29 |
| 5267980471 | Elections: The Most Important Influences | - Party Identification
- Perception of the Candidates
- Issue Preferences | | 30 |
| 5267984457 | Political Culture and Public Opinion | - Americans tend to turn to government to solve public
problems
- Government policy tends to follow public opinion
- Public opinion can also limit government action | | 31 |
| 5267988738 | Yellow Journalism (1890s) | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer published sensational stories and used this form of journalism to promote the Spanish-American War. |  | 32 |
| 5268014074 | FDR's Fireside Chats (1930s) | Speeches given to the public in a very comforting manner. Used simpler language, examples and analogies so he could be clearly understood by Americans. Greeted them by "My friends" Boosted the publics confidence while in War and depression. |  | 33 |
| 5268025586 | Checker's Speech - Sept. 23, 1952 | Given by Richard Nixon on September 23, 1952, when he was the Republican candidate for the Vice Presidency. Said to have saved his career from a campaign contributions scandal. |  | 34 |
| 5268043662 | Nixon-Kennedy Debates (1960) | -First ever televised debates
-People who listened on radio thought Nixon won but people on TV thought Kennedy won |  | 35 |
| 5268065499 | Woodward and Bernstein | Washington Post reports who exposed the Watergate scandal; they were given information by a secret informant ("Deep Throat") about Watergate |  | 36 |
| 5268073980 | The Great Communicator(s) | Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama | | 37 |
| 5268115500 | Narrowcasting | The modern media trend for TV and radio shows to target very narrow ideological audiences (ex. conservatives watch Glenn Beck and Bill O'Reilly); results in greater political polarization | | 38 |
| 5268115501 | Equal Time | FCC rule requiring media stations to offer advertising time to all candidates if they offer it to one candidate. | | 39 |
| 5268138167 | Gatekeeper, Scorekeeper, Watchdog | 3 major roles of national press | | 40 |
| 5268155367 | Gatekeeper | press influences what subjects become national political issues and for how long | | 41 |
| 5268163993 | Scorekeeper | press tracks political reputations, covers elections, media momentum during primaries has become a crucial part of campaigning |  | 42 |
| 5268171335 | Watchdog | investigates personalities and exposes scandals |  | 43 |
| 5268177740 | FCC | (Federal Communications Commission) regulates the television and radio industry, grants licenses to television and radio stations, and blocks monopolies. | | 44 |
| 5268189109 | 1996 Telecommunications Act | allowed companies to own as many as 8 radio stations in large markets; resulted in a few large companies to own most of the radio stations; looser editorial restrictions has led to a larger variety of opinions and shows | | 45 |
| 5268207130 | Media Conglomerates | Companies that control a large number of media sources across several types of media outlets. | | 46 |
| 5268216881 | Bias in the News | -"If it bleeds, it leads."
-"Media does not always tell us what to think, but they do a great job at telling us what to think about." | | 47 |
| 5268225133 | on background | information provided to a journalist that will not be attributed to a named source | | 48 |
| 5268232921 | Trial balloons | an intentional news leak for the purpose of assessing the political reaction |  | 49 |
| 5268245561 | Deep throat | Bob Woodward's anonymous source to the Watergate scandal; eventually revealed himself to be Mark Felt, the Deputy Director of the FBI | | 50 |
| 5268267839 | Testimonials/ Endorsements | Quotations or endorsements, in or out of context, which attempt to connect a famous or respectable person with a product or item. | | 51 |
| 5268275542 | Plain Folks | propaganda technique conveying that a candidate is a "regular" person, just like everyone else |  | 52 |
| 5268283759 | Negative or Attack Ads | advertising that attacks one's opponents, usually on the basis of issue stance or character | | 53 |
| 5268290251 | Glittering Generalities | Emotionally appealing words associated with highly-valued concepts that carry conviction without supporting information. |  | 54 |
| 5268296256 | Guilt by Association / Coat-tailing | argument in which a speaker suggests that something is wrong with another speaker's claims by associating those claims with someone the audience finds objectionable; also called the bad company fallacy | | 55 |
| 5268302450 | Stacking the Deck | a fallacy of argument in which the writer/speaker shows only one side of the argument
-My opponent's plan for tax giveaways to the wealthy stack the deck against the middle class. |  | 56 |
| 5268309600 | Campaign Propaganda | -Testimonials / Endorsements
-Plain Folks
-Negative or Attack Ads
-Glittering Generalities
-Guilt by Association / Coat-tailing
-Stacking the Deck | | 57 |
| 5270854000 | Conservative | A person who believes government power, particularly in the economy, should be limited in order to maximize individual freedom. | | 58 |
| 5270873277 | Liberal | A person whose views favor more govt involvemnt in business, social welfare, minority rights, &increased govt spending |  | 59 |
| 5270914483 | Libertarian | One who favors a free market economy and no governmental interference in personal liberties, strong support for civil and political liberties but reject government regulation of the economy. |  | 60 |
| 5271075978 | Consensus | General agreement among the citizenry on an issue. |  | 61 |
| 5271096139 | Divisive Opinion | Public opinion that is polarized between two quite different positions. |  | 62 |
| 5271123132 | Margin of error | A measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll. | | 63 |
| 5271177176 | Soundbite | Short piece of a speech or song cut out from a longer piece of audio to promote the full thing.
Time allowed has decreased over the years | | 64 |
| 5273171925 | Media Events | Events purposely staged for the media that nonetheless look spontaneous. In keeping with politics as theater, media events can be staged by individuals, groups, and government officials, especially presidents. |  | 65 |
| 5273185386 | High Tech Politics | a political environment in which the behavior of citizens and policy makers and the political agenda itself are increasingly shaped by technology | | 66 |
| 5273205193 | Policy Agenda | the list of subjects or problems to which government and officials pay close attention to at given times |  | 67 |
| 5273246882 | Linkage | the channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the government's policy agenda. In the United States, linkage institutions include elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media. |  | 68 |
| 5273257198 | Infotainment | Increasingly popular, nontraditional source of political information that combines news and entertainment. Examples include talk shows, political comedy, and MTV. |  | 69 |
