AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!
| 4833723095 | substantiate | to verify, confirm |  | 0 |
| 4833723096 | querulous | irritable |  | 1 |
| 4833723349 | diligent | hard-working |  | 2 |
| 4833723350 | parched | dried up, shriveled |  | 3 |
| 4833723829 | novice | beginner |  | 4 |
| 4833724178 | fortuitous | lucky |  | 5 |
| 4833724410 | camaraderie | trust among friends |  | 6 |
| 4833724411 | integrity | honesty, decency |  | 7 |
| 4833724859 | pretentious | pompous, self-important |  | 8 |
| 4833724860 | impute | to attribute to someone, often guilt or blame |  | 9 |
Thinking Problem Solving Creativity and Language
| 8571047597 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |  | 0 |
| 8571047598 | Concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |  | 1 |
| 8571047599 | Prototype | a standard or typical example (Is that a computer screen that BENDS?!) |  | 2 |
| 8571047600 | algorithm | a precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem |  | 3 |
| 8571047601 | Heuristic | a commonsense rule (or set of rules) intended to increase the probability of solving some problem |  | 4 |
| 8571047602 | Insight | A cognitive form of learning involving the mental rearragnment or restructuring of the elements in a problem to achieve an understanding or the problem and arrive at a solution |  | 5 |
| 8571047603 | Creativity | the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas |  | 6 |
| 8571047604 | Confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions |  | 7 |
| 8571047605 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set |  | 8 |
| 8571047606 | Mental Set | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past |  | 9 |
| 8571047607 | Functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving (Is a shoe just a shoe?) |  | 10 |
| 8571047608 | Representative heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevent information |  | 11 |
| 8571047609 | Availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common |  | 12 |
| 8571047610 | Overconfidence | total certainty or greater certainty than circumstances warrant |  | 13 |
| 8571047611 | Belief Perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |  | 14 |
| 8571047612 | Intuition | instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes) |  | 15 |
| 8571047613 | Framing | formulation of the plans and important details |  | 16 |
| 8571047614 | Language | the mental faculty or power of vocal communication |  | 17 |
| 8571047615 | Phoneme | (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language |  | 18 |
| 8571047616 | Morpheme | minimal meaningful language unit |  | 19 |
| 8571047617 | Grammar | studies of the formation of basic linguistic units |  | 20 |
| 8571047618 | Semantics | the study of language meaning |  | 21 |
| 8571047619 | Syntax | the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences |  | 22 |
| 8571047620 | Babbling Stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household lanuage. |  | 23 |
| 8571047621 | One-word Stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words |  | 24 |
| 8571047622 | Two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements | | 25 |
| 8571047623 | Telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words |  | 26 |
| 8571047624 | Linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |  | 27 |
| 8571047625 | Noam Chomsky | United States linguist whose theory of generative grammar redefined the field of linguistics (born 1928) |  | 28 |
| 8571047626 | B.F Skinner | pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that language development is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments |  | 29 |
| 8571047627 | Benjamin Whorf | Concept of "liguistic determinism" or how language impacts thought |  | 30 |
| 7240110217 | Analogy | Explaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple | 0 | |
| 7240111800 | Argument | The combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position | 1 | |
| 7240114829 | Aristotelian Appeals | Three different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them - ethos, logos, and pathos |  | 2 |
| 7240116171 | Attitude (Tone) | The writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand | 3 | |
| 7240118103 | Audience | Who the author is directing his or her message towards | 4 | |
| 7240120888 | Compare and Contrast | Discussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative neutral connotations | 5 | |
| 7240123107 | Context | The extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered | 6 | |
| 7240125642 | Counterargument | The argument(s) against the author's position | 7 | |
| 7240126916 | Deductive Reasoning | A form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case | 8 | |
| 7240128531 | Denotation | The literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word | 9 | |
| 7240130232 | Diction | The style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation | 10 | |
| 7240132200 | Ethos | Setting up a source as credible and trustworthy | 11 | |
| 7267882033 | Evidence | The information presented meant to persuade the audience of the author's position | 12 | |
| 7267887775 | Figurative Language | The use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc. | 13 | |
| 7267893572 | Genre | The specific type of work being presented | 14 | |
| 7267899595 | Imagery | Any descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language | 15 | |
| 7267902614 | Implication | When something is suggested without being concretely stated | 16 | |
| 7316841849 | Inductive Reasoning | Making a generalization based on specific evidence at hand | 17 | |
| 7316848292 | Irony | At the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended | 18 | |
| 7316856930 | Juxtaposition | Placing two very different things together for effect | 19 | |
| 7316862168 | Logos | Appealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic | 20 | |
| 7316866974 | Occasion | The reason or moment for writing or speaking | 21 | |
| 7361769071 | Organization | How the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech | 22 | |
| 7361780839 | Pathos | An Aristotelian appeal; involves appealing to someone's emotions | 23 | |
| 7361788684 | Purpose | The author's persuasive intention | 24 | |
| 7361795253 | Repetition | Re-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis | 25 | |
| 7361800569 | Rhetoric | The use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience | 26 | |
| 7399451323 | Rhetorical Triangle | The relationship between the author, the audience, the text (message), and the context | 27 | |
| 7399462445 | Speaker | The persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message | 28 | |
| 7399472776 | Style | The author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece | 29 | |
| 7399479935 | Symbolism | Using a symbol to refer to an idea or concept | 30 | |
| 7399483392 | Syntax | The way sentences are grammatically constructed | 31 | |
| 7481669750 | Synthesis | Combining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point | 32 | |
| 7481672503 | Themes | Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work | 33 | |
| 7481677631 | Voice | An author's unique sound; similar to style | 34 | |
| 7481688836 | Alliteration | Using words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence | 35 | |
| 7481691738 | Allusion | Making a brief reference to the cultural canon - e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc. | 36 | |
| 7654675683 | Anecdote | Offering a brief narrative episode | 37 | |
| 7654679886 | Concession | Agreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument) | 38 | |
| 7654682799 | Didactic | A text with an instructive purpose, often moral | 39 | |
| 7654684556 | Euphemism | Referring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly | 40 | |
| 7654687915 | Exemplification | Providing examples in service of a point | 41 | |
| 7733892598 | Hyperbole | Overstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect | 42 | |
| 7733897667 | Idiom | A commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning | 43 | |
| 7733902589 | Onomatopoeia | Using "sound-effect" words | 44 | |
| 7733906210 | Paradox | A phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself | 45 | |
| 7733911851 | Parallelism | Repeated structural elements in a sentence | 46 | |
| 7805300797 | Parody | Using the form of something to mimic and make fun of it | 47 | |
| 7805304107 | Personification | Giving human characteristics to a non-human object or idea | 48 | |
| 7805307503 | Sarcasm | Mockingly stating the opposite of what you mean | 49 | |
| 7805312413 | Satire | A genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society | 50 | |
| 7805318004 | Synecdoche | Referring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole | 51 | |
| 7805321272 | Understatement | Deliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect | 52 |
| 9693224692 | Metonomy | A term from the greek meaning "Changed label" or "Substitute name" is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example: a news release that claims "The White House declared" rather than "The President declared" | 0 | |
| 9693250366 | Begging the Question | Often called circular reasoning, "" occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim. | 1 | |
| 9693256136 | Invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 2 | |
| 9693263527 | Homily | This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. | 3 | |
| 9693279916 | Pedantic | an adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish | 4 | |
| 9693288715 | Equivocation | When a write uses the same term in two different senses in an argument. | 5 | |
| 9693294312 | Epigraph | the use of a quotation that the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. Hemingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two. One of them is "You are all a lost generation" by Gertrude Stein. | 6 | |
| 9693304394 | Syllogism | From the Greek word " reckoning together." a "" is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion | 7 | |
| 9693315835 | Anecdote | A story or brief episode told by the write or character to illustrate a point. | 8 | |
| 9693321062 | Ad Hominem. | In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponents ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man." | 9 | |
| 9693330818 | Syntax | The grammatical structure of prose and poetry | 10 |
| 9675502680 | Adverb | A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb | 0 | |
| 9675502681 | Adjective | A word that modifies a noun | 1 | |
| 9675502682 | Absolute Adjectives | An adjective with a meaning that is generally not capable of being intensified or compared | 2 | |
| 9675502683 | Antecedent | The noun or noun phrase that a pronoun refers to "I went to a bookstore and asked the saleswoman, 'Where's the self-help section?' She said if she told me, it would defeat the purpose." | 3 | |
| 9675502684 | Conjunction | The part of speech that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences | 4 | |
| 9675502685 | Coordination | The grammatical connection of two or more ideas to give them equal emphasis and importance | 5 | |
| 9675502686 | Subordination | When one element of a sentence is dependent on (or subordinate to) another element of the sentence. | 6 | |
| 9675502687 | Coordinating Conjunctions | A conjunction that joins to similarly constructed phrases or clauses within a sentence | 7 | |
| 9675502688 | Subordinating Conjunction | A conjunction that introduces a dependent clause | 8 | |
| 9675502689 | Correlative Conjunctions | A paired conjunction that links balanced words, phrases, and clauses | 9 | |
| 9675502690 | Predicate | One of the two main parts of a sentence or clause, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb | 10 | |
| 9675502691 | Independent Clause | Can stand alone as a complete sentence | 11 | |
| 9675502692 | Dependent Clause | Requires another sentence element in order to make complete sense | 12 | |
| 9675502693 | Adjective Clause (Dependent & Subordinate) | A dependent clause used as an adjective within a sentence | 13 | |
| 9675502694 | Adverb Clause (Dependent & Subordinate) | A dependent clause used as an adverb within a sentence | 14 | |
| 9675502695 | Conditional Clause (Dependent & Subordinate) | A clause that expresses a hypothesis or condition, real or imagined | 15 | |
| 9675502696 | Comparative Clause | A type of dependent or subordinate clause that follows as, than, or like and expresses a comparison | 16 | |
| 9675502697 | Phrase | Does not contain a subject or predicate | 17 | |
| 9675502698 | Absolute Phrase | A group of words (often consisting of a participle and its subject) that modifies an independent clause as a whole "Their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky, the storks circled above us." | 18 | |
| 9675502699 | Appositive Phrase | A noun, noun phrase, or series of nouns used to identify or rename another noun, noun phrase, or pronoun "The student, an overconfident oaf, chose not to study and failed the vocabulary quiz." | 19 | |
| 9675502700 | Participial | A verb form used as an adjective to modify nouns and pronouns | 20 | |
| 9675502701 | Participial Phrase | A phrase that begins with a participle | 21 | |
| 9675502702 | Prepositional Phrase | A phrase that begins with a preposition and ends with the object of the preposition "Over the rainbow" | 22 | |
| 9675502703 | Gerund | A verb form acting as a noun. | 23 | |
| 9675502704 | Gerund Phrase | A phrase that begins with a gerund. | 24 |
| 5617593114 | Abject | adjective 1. degraded 2. base, contemptible 3. cringing, servile 4. complete and unrelieved | 0 | |
| 5617593115 | Agnostic | noun 1. one who believes that nothing can be known about God 2. a skeptic adjective 1. without faith, skeptical | 1 | |
| 5617598505 | Complicity | noun 1. involvement in wrongdoing 2. the state of being an accomplice | 2 | |
| 5617598506 | Derelict | noun 1. someone or something that is abandoned or neglected adjective 1. left abandoned 2. neglectful of duty | 3 | |
| 5617598507 | Diatribe | noun 1. a bitter and prolonged verbal attack | 4 | |
| 5617603311 | Effigy | noun 1. a crude image of a despised person | 5 | |
| 5617603312 | Equity | noun 1. the state or quality of being just, fair, or impartial 2. fair and equal treatment 3. something that is fair 4. the money value of a property above and beyond any mortgage or other claim | 6 | |
| 5617603313 | Inane | adjective 1. silly, empty of meaning or value | 7 | |
| 5617606379 | Indictment | noun 1. the act of accusing 2. a formal accusation | 8 | |
| 5617606380 | Indubitable | adjective 1. certain, not to be doubted or denied | 9 | |
| 5617610854 | Intermittent | adjective 1. stopping and beginning again, sporadic | 10 | |
| 5617610855 | Moot | adjective 1. open to discussion and debate, unresolved verb 1. to bring up for discussion noun 1. a hypothetical law case argued by students | 11 | |
| 5617610856 | Motif | noun 1. a principal idea, feature, theme, or element 2. a repeated or dominant figure in a design | 12 | |
| 5617615481 | Neophyte | noun 1. a new convert, beginner, novice | 13 | |
| 5617615482 | Perspicacity | noun 1. keenness in observing and understanding | 14 | |
| 5617619785 | Plenary | adjective 1. complete in all aspects or essentials 2. absolute 3. attended by all qualified members | 15 | |
| 5617619786 | Surveillance | noun 1. a watch kept over a person 2. careful, close, and disciplined observation | 16 | |
| 5617622840 | Sylvan | adjective 1. pertaining to or characteristic of forests 2. living or located in a forest 3. wooded, woody | 17 | |
| 5617622841 | Testy | adjective 1. easily irritated 2. characterized by impatience and exasperation | 18 | |
| 5617622842 | Travesty | noun 1. a grotesque or grossly inferior imitation 2. a disguise, especially the clothing of the opposite sex verb 1. to ridicule by imitating in a broad or burlesque fashion | 19 |
| 10305622383 | Authority | the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience. |  | 0 |
| 10305622384 | Audience | the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event, such as a play, movie, concert, or meeting. |  | 1 |
| 10305622721 | Backing | support or help |  | 2 |
| 10305622722 | Assertion | a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief |  | 3 |
| 10305625082 | Means vs. Ends | carried out for the sole purpose of achieving something else |  | 4 |
| 10305631509 | Deductive Reasoning | the process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logical certain conclusion |  | 5 |
| 10305631772 | Inductive Reasoning | method of reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying some evidence for the truth of the conclusion |  | 6 |
| 10305631773 | Alliteration | the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words |  | 7 |
| 10305632038 | Tone | the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation etc |  | 8 |
| 10305632039 | Diction | the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing |  | 9 |
| 10305646206 | Denotation | the literal or primary meaning of a word, i contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests |  | 10 |
| 10305646207 | Connotation | an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning |  | 11 |
| 10305647074 | Colliquial | used in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary |  | 12 |
| 10305647350 | Formal | following rules or customs, often in an exact and proper way |  | 13 |
| 10305647632 | Informal | Casual, not in accord with prescribed regulations |  | 14 |
| 10305647633 | Concrete | existing in a material or physical form; real or solid; not abstract. |  | 15 |
| 10305650856 | Abstract | existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence. |  | 16 |
| 10305673118 | Detail | an individual feature, fact, or item. |  | 17 |
| 10305673119 | Mood | a temporary state of mind or feeling. |  | 18 |
| 10305673534 | Imagery | visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work. |  | 19 |
| 10305673535 | Setting | the place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place. |  | 20 |
| 10305673832 | Figurative Language | Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling. |  | 21 |
| 10305673833 | Allusion | an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly |  | 22 |
| 10305674159 | Similie | A comparison using like or as |  | 23 |
| 10305674560 | Metaphor | a word or phrase applies to an object when it is not literally applicable |  | 24 |
| 10305674561 | Personification | the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea |  | 25 |
| 10305674764 | Hyperbole | exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. |  | 26 |
| 10305676355 | Understatement | the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. |  | 27 |
| 10305677184 | Paradox | A figure of speech or statement that seems contradictory but actually contains a hidden truth |  | 28 |
| 10305697174 | Verbal Irony | A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant |  | 29 |
| 10305697175 | Analogy | comprised of two different pairs of words |  | 30 |
| 10305697813 | Anecedote | A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person |  | 31 |
| 10305697836 | Metonymy | the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant |  | 32 |
| 10305698590 | Synecdoche | a part is made to represent a whole or vice versa |  | 33 |
| 10305698608 | Rhetorical Modes/Modes of Discourse | describe the variety, conventions and purposes of the major kinds of language-based communication |  | 34 |
| 10305701378 | Exemplification | Providing examples in service of a point. |  | 35 |
| 10305702236 | Cause/effect | An action and its results are explained |  | 36 |
| 10305702470 | Description | a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event |  | 37 |
| 10305703029 | Process Analysis | writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something |  | 38 |
| 10305703030 | Narration | the telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama; one of the four modes of discourse |  | 39 |
| 10305704002 | Comparison/Contrast | compare- to find/tell similarities contrast-to find/tell differences |  | 40 |
| 10305704003 | Exposistion | a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory. |  | 41 |
| 10305704442 | Argumentation | the action or process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea, action, or theory |  | 42 |
| 10305705032 | Repetition | the action of repeating something that has already been said or written. |  | 43 |
| 10305705033 | Point of view | a particular attitude or way of considering a matter. |  | 44 |
| 10305705477 | First Person | "I" and "Me" standpoint. Personal perspective. |  | 45 |
| 10305734904 | Second Person | Told from the reader's point of view, using "you" |  | 46 |
| 10305734905 | Third Person | Narrator is not a character, but sees the world through only one character's eyes and thoughts Point of view in which the narrator is outside of the story - an observer |  | 47 |
| 10305735577 | Subjective | based on or influenced by personal feelings or tastes, or opinions |  | 48 |
| 10305735578 | Objective | not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts |  | 49 |
| 10305736332 | Syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. |  | 50 |
| 10305736333 | Anaphora | the use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition |  | 51 |
| 10305736962 | Antithesis | a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else |  | 52 |
| 10305736974 | Asyndeton | the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence. |  | 53 |
| 10305737480 | Polysyndenton | the deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words |  | 54 |
| 10305738970 | Parallel Sentence | repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence |  | 55 |
| 10305739544 | Periodic Sentence | A sentence that builds toward and ends with the main clause |  | 56 |
| 10305739545 | Rhetorical Question | a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered |  | 57 |
| 10305740408 | Inverted Syntax | where explanations are formed |  | 58 |
| 10186747110 | accusatory | charging of wrong doing |  | 0 |
| 10186747111 | acerbic | bitter, sharp in taste or temper |  | 1 |
| 10186747112 | admiring | regarding with approval or respect |  | 2 |
| 10186747113 | aggressive | assertive, vigorously active, quick to attack; hostile |  | 3 |
| 10186747114 | ambivalent | Uncertain; unable to decide, or wanting to do two contradictory things at once |  | 4 |
| 10186747115 | amused | pleasurably entertained |  | 5 |
| 10186747116 | animated | lively; spirited |  | 6 |
| 10186747117 | apathetic | Feeling or showing little emotion; indifferent |  | 7 |
| 10186747118 | apologetic | sorry; showing regret |  | 8 |
| 10186747119 | appreciative | expressing or feeling thankfulness |  | 9 |
| 10186747120 | ardent | Enthusiastic or passionate |  | 10 |
| 10186747121 | arrogant | haughty, too convinced of one's own importance |  | 11 |
| 10186747122 | assertive | Acting with confidence and force; sure of one's self |  | 12 |
| 10186747123 | belligerent | Hostile and aggressive |  | 13 |
| 10186747124 | benevolent | Kind |  | 14 |
| 10186747125 | bitter | exhibiting strong animosity as a result of pain or grief |  | 15 |
| 10186747126 | callous | Emotionally hardened, unfeeling |  | 16 |
| 10186747127 | candid | Impartial and honest in speech |  | 17 |
| 10186747128 | celebratory | congratulatory, honoring |  | 18 |
| 10186747129 | compassionate | Feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others. |  | 19 |
| 10186747130 | concerned | feeling or showing worry or solicitude |  | 20 |
| 10186747131 | conciliatory | Appeasing; soothing; showing willingness to reconcile |  | 21 |
| 10186747132 | condescending | possessing an attitude of superiority, patronizing |  | 22 |
| 10186747133 | contemptuous | Feeling hatred; scornful |  | 23 |
| 10186747134 | curious | inquisitive |  | 24 |
| 10186747135 | cynical | believing that people act only out of selfish motives; bitterly pessimistic |  | 25 |
| 10186747136 | defensive | Protecting oneself from something. |  | 26 |
| 10186747137 | defiant | Boldly resistant or challenging |  | 27 |
| 10186747138 | demeaning | causing someone to lose their dignity and the respect of others; degrading |  | 28 |
| 10186747139 | derisive | expressing contempt or ridicule; mocking |  | 29 |
| 10186747140 | detached | Impartial, disinterested; unconcerned, distant, aloof |  | 30 |
| 10186747141 | dignified | worthy of respect |  | 31 |
| 10186747142 | disheartening | discouraging |  | 32 |
| 10186747143 | disparaging | disapproving; belittle |  | 33 |
| 10186747144 | docile | Easy to teach or manage; obedient |  | 34 |
| 10186747145 | dogmatic | dictatorial in one's opinions; stubborn |  | 35 |
| 10186747146 | earnest | Serious and sincere |  | 36 |
| 10186747147 | egotistical | excessively self-centered; conceited |  | 37 |
| 10186747148 | empathetic | identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives |  | 38 |
| 10186747149 | enthusiastic | zealous |  | 39 |
| 10186747150 | evasive | not frank; trying to hide the truth; eluding; evading; V. evade: avoid (a duty or responsibility) or escape from by deceit |  | 40 |
| 10186747151 | facetious | humorous, not meant seriously; sarcastic |  | 41 |
| 10186747152 | flippant | Lacking in seriousness; disrespectful, saucy |  | 42 |
| 10186747153 | forceful | Vehement; compelling |  | 43 |
| 10186747154 | formal | following rules or customs, often in an exact and proper way | | 44 |
| 10186747155 | frank | honest |  | 45 |
| 10186747156 | grim | a facial expression of fear, disapproval, or pain |  | 46 |
| 10186747157 | humble | modest |  | 47 |
| 10186747158 | humorous | facetious; funny |  | 48 |
| 10186747159 | impartial | unbiased, fair |  | 49 |
| 10186747160 | inane | Foolish |  | 50 |
| 10186747161 | incensed | angered at something unjust or wrong |  | 51 |
| 10186747162 | incredulous | Disbelieving, skeptical |  | 52 |
| 10186747163 | indignant | Feeling or showing anger or annoyance at what is perceived as unfair treatment |  | 53 |
| 10186747164 | intimate | marked by close acquaintance |  | 54 |
| 10186747165 | ironic | satiric; unexpected |  | 55 |
| 10186747166 | irreverent | disrespectful |  | 56 |
| 10186747167 | jaded | Worn out; wearied |  | 57 |
| 10186747168 | judgmental | critical; disapproving |  | 58 |
| 10186747169 | laudatory | expressing praise |  | 59 |
| 10186747170 | macabre | horrible; grim |  | 60 |
| 10186747171 | malicious | Intended to hurt or harm |  | 61 |
| 10186747172 | mocking | in an insincere or pretending manner |  | 62 |
| 10186747173 | mourning | the act of showing sorrow or grief |  | 63 |
| 10186747174 | naive | lacking sophistication or experience |  | 64 |
| 10186747175 | narcissistic | Conceited; having excessive self-love or admiration |  | 65 |
| 10186747176 | nostalgic | longing for the past |  | 66 |
| 10186747177 | objective | Factual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased |  | 67 |
| 10186747178 | obsequious | Overly submissive and eager to please |  | 68 |
| 10186747179 | optimistic | Hopeful, cheerful |  | 69 |
| 10186747180 | outraged | angered at something unjust or wrong |  | 70 |
| 10186747181 | outspoken | candid |  | 71 |
| 10186747182 | patronizing | Condescending, having a superior manner, treating as an inferior |  | 72 |
| 10186747183 | pensive | Thoughtful |  | 73 |
| 10186747184 | pessimistic | a tendency to stress the negative or unfavorable. |  | 74 |
| 10186747185 | philosophical | calm and wise; reasonable Interested in the study of basic truths of existence and reality |  | 75 |
| 10186747186 | pragmatic | Practical |  | 76 |
| 10186747187 | pretentious | done for show, striving to make a big impression; claiming merit or position unjustifiably; making demands on one's skill or abilities, ambitious | | 77 |
| 10186747188 | resentful | angry due to a feeling of being treated unfairly |  | 78 |
| 10186747189 | resigned | accepting one's fate; unresisting; patiently submissive |  | 79 |
| 10186747190 | reverent | deeply respectful |  | 80 |
| 10186747191 | righteous | morally justified |  | 81 |
| 10186747192 | satirical | criticizing through ridicule |  | 82 |
| 10186747193 | sarcastic | caustic; ironic |  | 83 |
| 10186747194 | scathing | bitterly severe, withering; causing great harm |  | 84 |
| 10186747195 | scornful | contemptuous; disdainful |  | 85 |
| 10186747196 | sentimental | A term that describes characters' excessive emotional response to experience. |  | 86 |
| 10186747197 | sincere | earnest |  | 87 |
| 10186747198 | skeptical | Doubtful |  | 88 |
| 10186747199 | solemn | serious |  | 89 |
| 10186747200 | subjective | Existing in the mind or relating to one's own thoughts, opinions, emotions, etc.; personal, individual, based on feelings |  | 90 |
| 10186747201 | submissive | docile; meek |  | 91 |
| 10186747202 | sulking | sad, pouting, usually silent |  | 92 |
| 10186747203 | sympathetic | Compassionate |  | 93 |
| 10186747204 | thoughtful | pensive; reflective |  | 94 |
| 10186747205 | tolerent | open-minded, accepting of others |  | 95 |
| 10186747206 | unassuming | modest |  | 96 |
| 10186747207 | urgent | compelling immediate action; pressing; persistent; importunate; Ex. urgent in his demands |  | 97 |
| 10186747208 | vindictive | Revengeful |  | 98 |
| 10186747209 | witty | Clever or amusing |  | 99 |
| 6729881609 | Rhetoric | The study of the techniques of effective language usage in the context of persuasion and argumentation. | 0 | |
| 6729881590 | Context | The time and place in which a work is generated, including particularly important cultural, historical, and social events or phenomena. | 1 | |
| 6729881591 | Exigence | The event that compelled or inspired the writer or speaker to compose a work. | 2 | |
| 6729881592 | Audience | The listeners or readership; also, the individuals to whom the speech is intentionally directed toward. | 3 | |
| 6729881593 | Purpose | The intention or objective of a speech; also, the impact a speaker desires to have on the audience. | 4 | |
| 6729881594 | Logos | Appeals to logic or reasoning, generally consisting of a variety of evidence types. | 5 | |
| 6729881595 | Ethos | Appeals to ethics, credibility, and authority, generally focused on information about the speaker. | 6 | |
| 6729881596 | Pathos | Appeals to emotion and audience engagement, generally focused on language usage. | 7 | |
| 6729987727 | Rhetorical Mode | Refers to the various text structure an author uses to organize his or her ideas in a cohesive manner. | 8 | |
| 6729881597 | Diction | The choice of words for the purpose of achieving various effects upon the audience. | 9 | |
| 6729881598 | Syntax | The structure of sentences, often examined in the context of langauge patterns and poetic arrangements. | 10 | |
| 6729881599 | Figurative Language | Unusual uses of language, often consisting of comparisons and exaggerations for the purpose of achieving certain effects upon the audience. | 11 | |
| 6729881600 | Imagery | Language that activates our five senses. | 12 | |
| 6729881601 | Anecdote | A personal story related to the subject matter and intended to prove a particular point. | 13 | |
| 6729881602 | Allusion | A reference to a historical or literary event or figure, often intended to draw comparisons or prove a point. | 14 | |
| 6729881603 | Hyperbole | The use of extreme exaggeration meant to express strong emotion or evoke laughter. | 15 | |
| 6729881604 | Personification | Imbuing inhuman or inanimate objects with human traits. | 16 | |
| 6729881605 | Simile | A comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as" to examine similarities. | 17 | |
| 6729881606 | Metaphor | A comparison between two unlike things without "like" or "as" that nevertheless have similar aspects or traits. | 18 | |
| 6729960677 | Parallelism | Sentence construction which places equal grammatical construction near each other, or repeats identical grammatical patterns. | 19 | |
| 6729955324 | Anaphora | Repetition or a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. | 20 | |
| 6729955323 | Antithesis | Two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas, with parallel structure. | 21 | |
| 6729881608 | Repetition | The repeated use of the same word or phrase to create an effect upon the audience, especially to emphasize a the drama and importance of a point. | 22 | |
| 6729881610 | Tone | The attitude of the speaker toward her subject, influenced by diction, imagery, details, language, and syntax. | 23 | |
| 6729881611 | Mood | The emotional atmosphere or the work, i.e., the desired emotional impact of the work upon the audience. | 24 | |
| 6729890678 | Persona | A character or figurative mask that an actor, speaker, or writer takes on for a given performance or text. | 25 | |
| 6729914600 | Active Voice | Grammatical construction in which the subject of the sentence performs the action. | 26 | |
| 6729918796 | Passive Voice | Grammatical construction in which the subject of the sentence receives the action. | 27 | |
| 6729925900 | Satire | A work intended to expose or reveal some fault or human folly to some humorous effect. | 28 | |
| 6732846254 | Paradox | A statement that is self contradictory because it often contains two statements that are both true, but in general, cannot both be true at the same time. | 29 | |
| 6729969319 | Irony | When the opposite of what you expect to happen does. | 30 | |
| 6729938426 | Periodic Sentence | A sentence in which the main idea (often the independent clause) is not completed until the end of a sentence. | 31 | |
| 6729942043 | Loose Sentence | A sentence in which the main idea (often the independent clause) is articulated at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a subordinate clause. | 32 |
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
