| CourseNotes

Flashcards

Period 4 (1800-1848) AP US History Flashcards

5789776889	Federalists	Political party that formed in the 1790s led by Alexander Hamilton; Favored a stronger federal government and Hamilton's financial plan.	0
5789776890	Democratic-Republicans	Political party formed in the 1790's; Led by Thomas Jefferson; Favored limited government and states rights.	1
5789776891	Election of 1800	A.K.A. "Revolution of 1800"; Election that led to a peaceful transfer of power from the Federalist party to the Democratic-Republican Party.	2
5789776892	Hartford Convention of 1814	Meeting of Federalists during the War of 1812 in which anti-war Federalist threatened to secede from the Union; After Jackson's victory at New Orleans, Federalists were seen as treasonous.	3
5789776893	Era of Good Feelings	The decline of the Federalist Party and the end of the war of 1812 gave rise to a time of relative political unity.	4
5789776894	Democrats	Political party that succeeded the Jeffersonian Democrat-Republicans; Brought Andrew Jackson into office in 1829; Supported Jeffersonian ideas of limited government, drawing its support from the "common man"	5
5789776895	Whigs	Political party created in 1834 as a coalition of anti-Jackson political leaders and dedicated to internal improvements funded by the national government.	6
5789776896	Andrew Jackson	Leader of the Democrats who became the seventh president of the US (1829-1837), known for his opposition to the 2nd Bank of the US, the Indian Removal Act, and opposition to nullification.	7
5789776897	Henry Clay	Leader of the Whig Party who proposed an "American System" to make the United States economically self-sufficient; Worked to keep the Union together through political compromise.	8
5789776898	Nullification Crisis (1832-1833)	After South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and void, President Jackson obtained a Force Bill to use military actions against South Carolina - ended with a compromise to lower tariffs over an extended time	9
5789776899	John C. Calhoun	South Carolina political leader who defended slavery as a positive good and advocated the doctrine of nullification, a policy in which state could nullify federal law.	10
5789776900	Midnight Judges	Federalist judges appointed by John Adams between the time he lost the election of 1800 and the time he left office in March 1801; Significantly included John Marshall	11
5789776901	John Marshall	Appointed to the Supreme Court by John Adams in 1801; Served as a chief justice until 1835; Legal decisions gave the Supreme Court more power, strengthened the federal government, and protected private property.	12
5789776902	Cotton Belt	southern region in US where most of the cotton is grown; deep south area that stretched from South Carolina to Georgia to the new states in the southwest frontier; had the highest concentration of slaves	13
5789776903	Marbury v. Madison (1803)	Supreme Court decision that declared a section of Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and established the principle of judicial review	14
5789776904	judicial review	The power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress and actions taken by the executive.	15
5789776905	McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)	Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the BUS; Maryland did not have the right to tax the federal bank and John Marshall wrote, "The power to tax is the power to destroy."	16
5789776906	Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)	Supreme Court decision stating that the authority of Congress is absolute in matters of interstate commerce	17
5789776907	market economy	Economic system based on the unregulated buying and selling of goods and services; Prices are determined by the forces of supply and demand	18
5789776908	Embargo Act (1807)	Jefferson issued a government-order ban on international trade in order to pressure Britain and France to respect neutral trading rights; went into effect in 1808 and closed down virtually all U.S. trade with Foreign nations	19
5789776909	"American System"	Henry Clay's proposal to make the U.S. economically self-sufficient; Called for protective tariffs, internal improvements at federal expense, the creation of a second Bank of the United States	20
5789776910	Panic of 1819	Financial panic that began when the Second Bank of the US tightened credit and recalled government loans after the price of cotton dropped	21
5789776911	Debates over the tariff and internal improvements	Northerners generally favored higher tariffs and internal improvements at federal expense while Southerners generally opposed higher tariffs and internal improvements at federal expense	22
5789776912	Second Bank of the United States	Privately owned bank that operated as both a commercial and fiscal agent for the US government; established in 1816 under a charter that was supposed to last 20 years	23
5789776913	Tariff of 1816	first protective tariff in US history designed primarily to help America's textile industry	24
5789776914	"Tariff of Abominations"	1828 tariff with such high rates that it set off tension between northerners and southerners over tariff issues	25
5789776915	Panic of 1837	Economic collapse caused primarily by President Jackson's destruction of the Second Bank of the United States	26
5789776917	Slave Codes	Laws that established the status of slaves denying them basic rights and classifying them as the property of slaveholders	27
5789776918	Second Great Awakening	an upsurge in religious activity that began around 1800 and was characterized by emotional revival meetings; led to several reform movements (abolitionism, temperance, women's rights) designed to implement the idea of human perfectibility and equality.	28
5789776919	Charles Grandison Finney	Revivalist minister who is known as the "Father of modern Revivalism"; advocated for temperance, the abolition of slavery, and equal education for women and African Americans.	29
5789776920	Seneca Falls Convention (1848)	The first convention in America for women right's held in NY; Issued "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions"	30
5789776921	Elizabeth Cady Stanton	Advocate of women right's, including the right to vote; organized (with Lucretia Mott) the first women's rights convention at Seneca Falls, NY in 1848.	31
5789776922	Dorothea Dix	Pioneer in the reform movement for special treatment of mentally ill patients.	32
5789776924	Utopian communities	Idealistic reform movement based on the belief that a perfect society could be created on Earth; Significant Utopian experiments were established at New Harmony, Indiana, Book Farm, Massachusetts and Oneida Community in New York	33
5789776926	American Colonization Society	Organization established in 1817 to end slavery gradually by helping individual slave owners liberate their slaves and then transport the freed slaves to "colonies" abroad.	34
5789776927	William Lloyd Garrison	Radical abolitionist in Massachusetts who published the liberator, an antislavery newspaper	35
5789776928	Sojourner Truth	Former Slave (freed in 1827) who became a leading abolitionist and feminist	36
5789776929	Frederick Douglass	Former slave who became a significant leader in the abolitionist movement; Published "The Liberator", an abolitionist newspaper; Author of famous autobiography that convinced countless northerners of the evils of slavery and the ability of blacks to be educated, free citizens.	37
5789776932	Transcendentalism	Philosophical and literary movement in the East that believed God existed within human being and nature; Romantic movement that believed human emotion, nature, and the self-reliant individual, all of which can be corrupted by society and its institutions, including spirituality (rejection of the rationalism of the enlightenment).	38
5789776933	Ralph Waldo Emerson	Philosopher, writer, and poet who became a central figure in American Transcendentalist movement.	39
5789776934	Henry David Thoreau	Writer and naturalist; With Ralph Waldo Emerson, he became America's best known transcendentalist; Author of "Civil Disobedience".	40
5789776935	John James Audubon	Naturalist and painter who became well-known for his attempt to document all types of American birds	41
5789776937	Slave music	Music created by slaves for the purpose of religion, work and recreation; became the foundation for later styles of music known as gospel, jazz, and blues	42
5789776938	Samuel Slater	Known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution"; brought British textile technology to the United States	43
5789776939	John Deere	Invented the steel plow in 1837, which revolutionized farming; The steel plow broke up soil without the soil getting stuck to the plow	44
5789776940	Lowell system	Method of factory management that evolved in the textile mills of Massachusetts; Owned by the Boston Manufacturing Company and named in honor of the company's founder, Francis Lowell; First example of a planned automated factory	45
5789776942	Interchangeable parts	Parts that were identical and which could be substituted for one another; developed by Eli Whitney for the manufacturing of muskets	46
5789776943	Erie Canal	350 mile canal built by the state of New York (without Federal assistance) that stretched from Buffalo to Albany.	47
8251296726	Transportation Revolution	1790s-1850s; Roads (turnpikes), steamships, canals, and railroads; Facilitated Western settlement and the market revolution.	48
5789776944	turnpikes	Toll roads that first began to be constructed in the 1790s; The first infrastructure of the Transportation Revolution; E.g. Lancaster Turnpike, Cumberland Road (National Road).	49
5789776945	National Road (1811)	A.K.A. Cumberland Road; First significant road built in the US at the expense of the federal government; stretched from the Potomac River to the Ohio River.	50
5789776946	Baltimore and Ohio Railroad	First steam railroad commissioned in the US	51
5789776947	Mason-Dixon Line	boundary between PA and MD that marked the division between free and slave states before the Civil War	52
5789776948	"cult of domesticity"	Women's role in domestic pursuits (raising children, taking care of the house); The centrality and increasing importance of women in decisions made at home.	53
5789776950	Louisiana Purchase (1803)	U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River	54
5789776951	Corps of Discovery	(1804-1806) Expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory and far West; led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.	55
5789776952	War Hawks	Members of Congress from the West and South elected in 1810 who wanted war with Britain in the hopes of annexing new territory and ending British trade with the Indians of the Northwest	56
5789776953	War of 1812	(1812-1815) Between the U.S. and Great Britain caused primarily by the British violation of American neutral rights on the high seas; Ended with an agreement of "status quo ante"; Facilitated American Nationalism; Sometimes called "Second American Revolution"	57
5789776954	Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)	Treaty between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S	58
5789776955	Monroe Doctrine	Unilateral declaration that the Americas would be closed to further European colonization stated the U.S. would not allow European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere	59
5789776956	Annexation of Texas (1845)	Independence from Mexico and annexation to the U.S.	60
5789776957	Oregon Treaty (1846)	after years of conflict over ownership of the Pacific Northwest, the U.S. and England established the boundary at 49° latitude	61
5789776958	"Manifest Destiny"	Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the North American continent; Phrase coined by John O'Sullivan.	62
8251485836	Mexican-American War	(1846-1848) American expansion leads to dispute over California and Texas	63
5789776960	Mexican Cession (1848)	The region of the present-day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo	64
5789776962	Tecumseh	Shawnee leader who established an Indian confederacy that he hoped would be a barrier to white expansion - Defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 by U.S. forces led by General William Henry Harrison	65
5789776963	Indian Removal Act (1830)	Law that provided for the removal of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi and the purchase of Indian lands for resettlement	66
5789776964	Worcester v. Georgia (1832)	A Supreme Court ruling that declared a state did not have the power to enforce laws on lands that were not under state jurisdiction - John Marshall wrote that the state of Georgia did not have the power to remove Indians	67
5789776965	"Trail of Tears"	Forced migration of Native American nations from the Southeastern United States to Indian Reservations west of the Mississippi River; Following the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830	68
5789776966	Seminole Wars	1814-1819, 1835-1842 The Seminole of Florida opposed removal and resisted US troops	69
5789776967	Missouri Compromise (1820)	Law proposed by Henry Clay admitting Missouri to the U.S. as a slave state and Maine as a free state	70
5789776968	American Anti-Slavery Society	Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison; included Frederick Douglass as a significant leader of the society	71
5789779251	Liberia	Colony in West Africa meant to be a home for freed slaves.	72
8256931214	The Star-Spangled Banner	National anthem of the US; Written during the War of 1812.	73
8373123599	Deism	Liberal, rational religious philosophy of Washington, Jefferson, Franklin, and other founders.	74
8373157991	Unitarianism	Liberal Christian denomination that rejects the divinity of Jesus and stresses the goodness of human nature and the existence of free will.	75
8373195826	Evangelical Christianity	An especially influential trans-denominational Christian movement that emphasizes the authority of the Bible, salvation through belief in Christ, and conversion ("born again" experience); Came to prominence after the First and Second Great Awakenings and continued to be influential in social and political affairs into the 20th century.	76
8373340440	Mormons	church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 (Second Great Awakening) with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah; Western pioneers.	77
8373359999	Horace Mann	Early public education and education reform advocate	78
8373373912	Noah Webster	Author of a dictionary that standardized American English, as well as early American school textbooks that aided in education reform.	79
8373401618	temperance	restraint or moderation, especially in regards to alcohol or food	80
8373408171	American Temperance Society	Founded 1826 Boston; An early reform group that aimed to convince people to voluntary give up alcohol.	81
8373461338	Maine Law of 1851	First state law to ban the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages	82
8373479497	Brook Farm	Est. 1831 in Massachusetts; A transcendentalist Utopian community.	83
8373497168	Oneida Community	Est. 1848 New York; Utopian community that practiced "free love" and eventually found great success in manufactures (especially silverware).	84
8373526271	Hudson River School	American artistic movement that depicted discovery, exploration, and settlement of romantic local landscapes, reflecting growing nationalism of the early 1800s.	85
8373558076	Washington Irving	One of the first American writers to gain international fame; "Legend of Sleepy Hollow"; "Rip Van Winkle"	86

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP US History Period 3 (1754-1800) Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

6442559146	Seven Years' (French and Indian) War	fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies	0
6442559147	"No Taxation Without Representation."	a phrase, generally attributed to James Otis about 1761, that reflected the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the American Revolution; in full, "Taxation without representation is tyranny.".	1
6442559148	Enlightenment	a philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority andlegitimacy, and came to advance ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional governmentand ending the perceived abuses of the church and state	2
6442559149	Benjamin Franklin	One of the founding fathers, famous for presence in the American Enlightenment. earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies.	3
6442559150	The Patriot Movement	Movement or push toward independence in the colonies. Those that supported colonial independence were referred to as "Patriots" while those that were loyal to the British crown were called "Loyalists."	4
6442559151	Colonial Militias	Groups of able-bodied colonialist men without proper military training that banded together to revolt against British tyrannny.	5
6442559152	The Continental Army	formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies, created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. Commanded by General George Washington (Commander-in-Chief)	6
6442559153	George Washington	General, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Later named the first President of the United States.	7
6442559154	Thomas Paine's Common Sense	Published in 1776. Pamphlet that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. Used "Common Sense" and plain language to appeal to the average colonist. First work to ask for independence outright.	8
6442559155	The Declaration of Independence	the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting atPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule.	9
6442559156	Republican Motherhood	Predominant conception of women's roles before, during and after the American Revolution: the "Republican Mother" was considered a custodian of civic virtue responsible for upholding the morality of her husband and children. Though this idea emphasized the separation of women's and men's roles, it did weight heavily the influence of the mother on the family and advocated for this influence to be taken seriously.	10
6442559157	Legislative Branch	The branch of government tasked with writing laws.	11
6442559158	Judicial Branch	The branch of government tasked with interpreting laws.	12
6442559159	Executive Branch	The branch of government tasked with enforcing laws.	13
6442559160	The Articles of Confederation	An agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution. Drafted by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress, ratified in late 1777. Later replaced by the Constitution of the United States of America.	14
6442559161	Constitutional Convention	Took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was intended to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the United States Constitution, placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States.	15
6442559162	Federalism	a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government.	16
6442559163	Separation of Powers	Inspired by Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, the idea of a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches.	17
6442559164	The Federalist Papers	a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.	18
6442559165	Alexander Hamilton	Founder of the Federalist Party, Co-author of The Federalist Papers, First Secretary of the Treasury	19
6442559166	James Madison	Co-Author of the Federalist Papers, hailed as "the Father of the Constitution," Fourth President of the United States	20
6442559167	Bill of Rights	the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people.	21
6442559168	Democratic-Republican Party	formed by Thomas Jefferson and others who believed in an agrarian-based, decentralized,democratic government. The party was established to oppose the Federalists who had supported and pushed through the ratification of the US Constitution.	22
6442559170	The Northwest Ordinance	created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British North America and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south.established the precedent by which the Federal government would be sovereign and expand westward with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty under the Articles of Confederation.	23
6442559171	French Revolution	a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond.	24
6442559172	Popular Sovereignty	the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.	25
6442559175	mercantilism	The economic theory that all parts of an economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state; hence, that colonial economics should be subordinated for the benefit of an empire.	26
6442559177	protective tariffs	Taxes places on imported goods, often to raise prices and thus protect domestic producers.	27
6442559180	nonimportation agreement	A pledge to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad.	28
6442559183	boycott	An organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product.	29
6442559185	mercenary	A professional soldier who serves in a foreign army for pay.	30
6442559200	ratification	The confirmation or validation of an act (such as the constitution) by authoritative approval.	31
6442559201	aliens	Foreigners; also, persons resident in but not citizens of a country.	32
6442559203	territory	In America, government an organized political entity not yet enjoying full equal terms of a state.	33
6442559207	bicameral	Referring to a legislative body with two houses	34
6442559210	cabinet	The body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments.	35
6442610686	Virginia Plan	was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral (meaning the split of legistlative branch into two distinguishable houses or chambers; ie: the HOE and Senate) legislative branch.[1] The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787	36
6442615054	New Jersey Plan	was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.[1] The plan was created in response to the Virginia Plan, which called for two houses of Congress, both elected with apportionment according to population. Opposed by James Madison	37
6442618091	Great Compromise	was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It retained the bicameral legislature as proposed by Roger Sherman, along with proportional representation in the lower house, but required the upper house to be weighted equally between the states. Each state would have two representatives in the upper house.	38
6442622421	Three-Fifths Compromise	compromise proposed at the Constitutional Convention; debate was over whether, and if so, how, slaves would be counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxing purposes. The issue was important, as this population number would then be used to determine the number of seats that the state would have in the United States House of Representatives for the next ten years. The effect was to give the southern states a third more seats in Congress and a third more electoral votes than if slaves had been ignored	39
6442636377	Whiskey Rebellion	a tax protest on this beverage from the newly formed federalist government under Washingtons presidency, taxes used to help pay off war debt	40
6442641735	XYZ Affair	a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the administration of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France	41

Powered by Quizlet.com

Period 4 AP US History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

8373988087	Federalist	political party created in the 1790s led by Alexander Hamilton, favored a stronger national government - Supported primarily by the bankers and moneyed interests	0
8373988088	Democratic-Republicans	Political party created in the 1790's - led by Thomas Jefferson - favored limited government and state rights - supported primarily by the "Common man"	1
8373988089	Election of 1800	aka Revolution of 1800- election that led to a peaceful transfer of power from the Federalist party to the Democratic Republican Party	2
8373988090	Hartford Convention, 1814	meeting of Federalists during the War of 1812 in which anti-war Federalist threatened to secede from the Union - generally viewed by some as treasonous and the Federalist Part began to die out	3
8373988091	Era of Good Feelings	the decline of the Federalist Party and the end of the war of 1812 gave rise to a time of political cooperation - associated with the presidency of James Monroe	4
8373988092	Democrats	political party that brought Andrew Jackson into office in 1829 - supported Jeffersonian ideas of limited government, drawing its support from the "common Man"	5
8373988093	Whig Party	Political Party created in 1834 as a coalition of anti-Jackson political leaders and dedicated to internal improvements funded by the national government	6
8373988094	Andrew Jackson	Leader of the Democrats who became the seventh president of the US (1829-1837), known for his opposition to the 2nd Bank of the US, the Indian Removal Act, and opposition to nullification	7
8373988095	Henry Clay	Leader of the Whig Party who proposed an "American System" to make the United States economically self-sufficient - worked to keep the Union together through political compromise	8
8373988096	South Carolina Nullification Crisis, 1832-1833	After South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and void, President Jackson obtained a Force Bill to use military actions against South Carolina - ended with a compromise to lower tariffs over an extended time	9
8373988097	John C. Calhoun	South Carolina political leader who defended slavery as a positive good and advocated the doctrine of nullification, a policy in which state could nullify federal law	10
8373988098	Midnight Judges	Federalist judges appointed by John Adams between the time he lost the election of 1800 and the time he left office in March 1801	11
8373988099	John Marshall	Appointed to the Supreme Court by John Adams in 1801- served as a chief justice until 1835 - legal decisions gave the Supreme Court more power, strengthened the federal government, and protecting private property	12
8373988100	Cotton Belt	southern region in US where most of the cotton is grown/deep - south area that stretched from South Carolina to Georgia to the new states in the southwest frontier - had the highest concentration of slaves	13
8373988101	Marbury v. Madison 1803	Supreme Court that declared a section of Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and established the principle of judicial review	14
8373988102	Judicial Review	The power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress	15
8373988103	McCulloch v. Maryland 1819	Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the BUS - Maryland did not have the right to tax the federal bank and John Marshall wrote, "The power to tax is the power to destroy."	16
8373988104	Gibbons v. Ogden 1824	Supreme Court decision stating that the authority of Congress is absolute in matters of interstate commerce	17
8373988105	Market Economy	Economic system based on the unregulated buying and selling of goods and services - Prices are determined by the forces of supply and demand	18
8373988106	Embargo Act 1807	in order to pressure Britain and France to aspect neutral trading rights, Jefferson issued a government-order ban on international trade - went into effect in 1808 and closed down virtually all U.S. trade with Foreign nations	19
8373988107	American System 1815	Henry Clay's proposal to make the U.S. Economically self-sufficient - called for protective tariffs, internal improvements at federal expense, the creation of a second Bank of the United States	20
8373988108	Panic of 1819	Financial panic that began when the Second Bank of the US tightened credit and recalled government loans after the price of cotton dropped	21
8373988109	Debates over the tariff and internal improvements	Northerners generally favored higher tariffs and internal improvements at federal expense while Southerners generally opposed higher tariffs and internal improvements at federal expense	22
8373988110	Second Bank of the United States 1816	Privately owned bank that operated as both a commercial and fiscal agent for the US government - established in 1816 under a charter that was supposed to last 20 years	23
8373988111	Tariff of 1816	first protective tariff in US history - designed primarily to help America's textile industry	24
8373988112	Tariff of Abominations 1828	tariff with such high rates that it set off tension between northerners and southerners over tariff issues	25
8373988113	Panic of 1837	Economic collapse caused primarily by President Jackson's destruction of the Second Bank of the United States	26
8373988114	Southern Defense of Slavery	southerners held a widespread belief that blacks were inferior to whites and that the slavery was good for black - also understood that the southern cotton economy was dependent on slave labor	27
8373988115	Slave Codes	Laws that established the status of slaves denying them basic rights and classifying them as the property of slaveholders	28
8373988116	Second Great Awakening	an upsurge in religious activity that began around 1800 and was characterized by emotional revival meetings - led to several reform movements designed to make a life better in this world	29
8373988117	Charles Finney	Presbyterian minister who is credited and is known as the "Father of modern Revivalism" - advocated the abolition of slavery and equal education for women and African Americans	30
8373988118	Seneca Falls Convention 1848	the first convention in America for women right's held in NY	31
8373988119	Elizabeth Cady Stanton	Advocate of women right's, including the right to vote -organized (with Lucretia Mott) the first women's rights convention at Seneca Falls, NY	32
8373988120	Dorothea Dix	Pioneer in the moment for special treatment for the mentally ill	33
8373988121	Horace Mann	Massachusetts educator who called for publicly funded education for all children	34
8373988122	Utopian Communities	Idealistic reform movement based on the belief that a perfect society could be created on Earth - Significant Utopian experiments were established at New Harmony, Indiana, Book Farm, Massachusetts and Oneida Community in New York	35
8373988123	James Forten	African American businessman from Philadelphia who advocated racial integration and equal rights during the Jeffersonian era	36
8373988124	American Colonization Society 1817	Organization established to end slavery gradually by helping individual slave owners liberate their slaves and then transport the freed slaves to Africa	37
8373988125	William Lloyd Garrison	Radical abolitionist in Massachusetts who published the liberator, an antislavery newspaper	38
8373988126	Sojourner Truth	Former Slave (freed in 1827) who became a leading abolitionist and feminist	39
8373988127	Frederick Douglass	Former slave who became a significant leader in the abolitionist movement - Known for his great oratorical skills	40
8373988128	Neoclassicism	Revival in architecture and art in the late 1700s and early 1800s that was inspired by Greek and Roman Models	41
8373988129	Hudson River School 1825-1875	The first native school of painting in the US - Attracting artists who were rebelling against neoclassicism - painted primarily landscapes	42
8373988130	Transcendentalism	Philosophical and literary movement that believed God existed within human being and nature - believed intuition was the highest source of knowledge	43
8373988131	Ralph Waldo Emerson	Philosopher, writer, and poet who became a central figure in American Transcendentalist	44
8373988132	Henry David Thoreau	Writer and naturalist - With Ralph Waldo Emerson, he became America's best known transcendentalist	45
8373988133	John James Audubon	Naturalist and painter who became well-known for his attempt to document all types of American birds	46
8373988134	Richard Allen	African American minister who established the first independent African American denomination in the US, the African Methodist Episcopalian Church	47
8373988135	Slave music	Music created by slaves for the purpose of religion, work and recreation - became the foundation for later styles of music known as gospel, jazz, and blues	48
8373988136	Samuel Slater	known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution," - brought British textile technology to the United States	49
8373988137	John Deere	Invented the steel plow in 1837, which revolutionized farming - the steel plow broke up soil without the soil getting stuck to the plow	50
8373988138	Lowell system	method of factory management that evolved in the textile mills of Lowell, MA, - owned by the Boston Manufacturing Company and named in honor of the company's founder, Francis Lowell - first example of a planned automated factory	51
8373988139	Anthracite coal mining	Coal mines in PA produced anthracite, which became the most popular fuel for heating homes in the northern United States until the 1950s when it was replaced by oil and gas burning heating systems	52
8373988140	Interchangeable parts	Parts that were identical and which could be substituted for one another - developed by Eli Whitney for the manufacturing of muskets	53
8373988141	Erie Canal 1817-1825	350 mile canal built by the state of NY that stretched from Buffalo to Albany, the canal revolutionized shipping in NY	54
8373988142	Turnpikes	A road in which tolls were collected at gates set up along the road	55
8373988143	National Road 1811	aka Cumberland Road- First significant road built in the US at the expense of the federal government - stretched from the Potomac River to the Ohio River	56
8373988144	Baltimore and Ohio Railroad	First steam railroad commissioned in the US	57
8373988145	Mason-Dixon Line	boundary between PA and MD that marked the division between free and slave states before the Civil War	58
8373988146	Cult of Domesticity	the belief that a woman's proper role in life was found in Domestic pursuits (raising children, taking care of the house)	59
8373988147	Destruction of the Second Bank of the United States 1833	President Jackson, who thought the Bank of the U.S. represented special interests at the expense of the common man, ordered federal deposits placed in state banks ("pet" banks) to deplete the funds of the national bank	60
8373988148	Louisiana Purchase 1803	U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River	61
8373988149	Lewis and Clark expedition 1804-1806	Expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark	62
8373988150	War Hawks	Members of Congress from the West and South elected in 1810 who wanted war with Britain in the hopes of annexing new territory and ending British trade with the Indians of the Northwest	63
8373988151	War of 1812	1812-1815, War between the U.S. and Great Britain caused primarily by the British violation of American neutral rights on the high seas. - ended with an agreement of "status quo ante" (a return to how things were before the war)	64
8373988152	Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819	Treaty between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S	65
8373988153	Monroe Doctrine 1823	President Monroe's unilateral declaration that the Americas would be closed to further European colonization stated the U.S. would not allow European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere	66
8373988154	Annexation of Texas 1845	Through a joint resolution of Congress, the U.S. annexed and granted statehood to the Republic of Texas, an independent nation that had won its independence from Mexico in 1836	67
8373988155	Oregon Treaty 1846	after years of conflict over ownership of the Pacific Northwest, the U.S. and England established the boundary at 49° latitude	68
8373988156	Manifest Destiny	Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the North American continent	69
8373988157	Mexican- American War 1846-48	War caused by a territorial dispute between the U.S. and Mexico that led to Mexico ceding land to the U.S.	70
8373988158	Mexican Cession, 1848	The region of the present-day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo	71
8373988159	Chinese trade	In 1844 the US secured a treaty with China that gave the US trading privileges already enjoyed by many other foreign powers	72
8373988160	Tecumseh	Shawnee leader who established an Indian confederacy that he hoped would be a barrier to white expansion - Defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 by U.S. forces led by General William Henry Harrison	73
8373988161	Indian Removal Act, 1830	Law that provided for the removal of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi and the purchase of Indian lands for resettlement	74
8373988162	Worcester v. Georgia 1832	A Supreme Court ruling that declared a state did not have the power to enforce laws on lands that were not under state jurisdiction - John Marshall wrote that the state of Georgia did not have the power to remove Indians	75
8373988163	Trail of Tears 1838	Forced march of the Cherokee people from Georgia to Indian Territory in the winter	76
8373988164	Seminole Wars 1814-1819, 1835-1842	The Seminole of Florida opposed removal and resisted US troops	77
8373988165	Missouri Compromise 1820	Law proposed by Henry Clay admitting Missouri to the U.S. as a slave state and Maine as a free state	78
8373988166	American Anti-Slavery Society	Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison - included Frederick Douglass as a significant leader of the society	79

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP US History Period 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7005595726	maize cultivation	The growing of Indian corn, a staple of many Indians diets, leading many nomadic tribes to settle and develop great civilizations such as the Aztecs incas and Mayans.	0
7005595727	hunter-gatherer economy	A nomadic way of life with no agriculture focused on following food sources including animals and wild plants	1
7005595728	western hemisphere	The Americas	2
7005595729	west africa	A area of Africa that was previously unreachable until the invention of the caravel by the Portuguese, leading to exploitation of the region for its gold and slaves	3
7005595730	plantation-based agriculture	Large scale agriculture worked by slaves	4
7005595731	capitalism	Economic system based on private investment and possessions	5
7005595732	Cultural autonomy	Freedom of a group to express ones own culture without outside control i.g. The Christianization of the natives took away there Cultural autonomy	6
7005595733	agricultural economy	economy based on the production of crops	7
7005595734	spanish exploration	Colonization of the Americas by the conquistadors in search for gold, glory and god	8
7005595735	encomienda system	A government system where natives were given to colonists to work in return for converting them to Christianity.	9
7005595736	empire building	The Spanish increasing their empire through grafting their culture onto the natives and taking over the land	10
7005595737	white superiority	The European idea they were superior to other cultures/ races and needed to enforce European culture/religion on them	11
7005595738	great plains	The open plains of the Midwest where the natives adapted to roming the prairies on horseback	12
7005595739	permanent villages	The settlements of Indians tribes based on the spread of agriculture	13
7005595740	Portuguese exploration	Due to advancements in sailing technology the Portuguese were able to sail down the coast of Africa and open trade of gold and slaves, settle and make plantations and eventually find the way around Africa to the indies	14
7005595741	slave labor	Forced labor of people considered property by the people in charge	15
7005595742	feudalism	A political, economic, and social system based on the relationship between lord and vassal in order to provide protection	16
7005595743	political autonomy	the ability of a state to govern themselves without outside control	17
7005595744	Colombian exchange	the exchange between the new world and the old world consisting of the old world bringing wheat, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, sugar, rice, coffee, smallpox, malaria and yellow fever. while the new world sent gold, silver, corn, potatoes, tobacco, and syphills	18

Powered by Quizlet.com

AMSCO AP US History Chapter 23 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 23 The Modern Era of the 1920s

Terms : Hide Images

6716935829	Warren Harding	In November 1920, he was elected the 29th president of the United States. He was a Republican whose slogan was: "Return to Normalcy". His term was marked by scandals and corruption, although he was never implicated in any of the scandals. In August 1923, he died while traveling in the West. (p. 475-476)	0
6716935830	Charles Evans Hughes	A former presidential candidate and Supreme Court justice who was appointed secretary of state by President Warren G. Harding. (p. 476)	1
6716935831	Andrew Mellon	A Pittsburgh industrialist and millionaire who was appointed secretary of the treasury by President Harding in 1921 and served under Coolidge and Hoover. (p. 476)	2
6716935832	Harry Daugherty	Attorney General under President Harding who accepted bribes for agreeing not to prosecute certain criminal suspects. (p. 476)	3
6716935833	Albert Fall	Secretary of the Interior during Harding's administration. He was convicted of accepting bribes for granting oil leases near Teapot Dome, Wyoming. (p. 476)	4
6716935834	Teapot Dome	A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921. (p. 476)	5
6716935835	Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act	This tariff passed in 1922, raised tariffs on foreign manufactured goods by 25 percent. It helped domestic manufacturers, but limited foreign trade, and was one cause of the Great Depression of 1929. (p. 476, 488)	6
6716935836	Bureau of the Budget	Formed in 1921, this bureau created procedures for all government expenditures to be placed in a single budget for Congress to annually review and vote on. (p. 476)	7
6716935837	Calvin Coolidge	As vice president, he became president when Warren Harding died in August 1923. He won the presidential election of 1924, but declined to run in 1928. He was a Republican who believed in limited government. He summarized his presidency and his era with the phrase: "The business of America is business". (p. 477)	8
6716935838	Herbert Hoover	When Calvin Coolidge decide not to run for president in 1928, he was the Republican presidential nominee. He promised to extend "Coolidge Prosperity", and won the election. (p. 477)	9
6716935839	Alfred E. Smith	He was the Democratic presidential candidate in the 1928 presidential election. He was the former governor of New York and his opponent in the presidential race was Republican Herbert Hoover. As a Roman Catholic and opponent of Prohibition, he appealed to immigrant urban voters. (p. 477)	10
6716935840	business prosperity	From 1919 to 1929, manufacturing output rose a spectacular 64 percent due to increased productivity, energy technologies, and governmental policy which favored the growth of big business. (p. 478)	11
6716935841	standard of living	During the 1920s, the standard of living (physical things that make life more enjoyable) improved significantly for most Americans. Indoor plumbing and central heating became commonplace. By 1930, two-thirds of all homes had electricity. (p. 477)	12
6716935842	scientific management	A system of industrial management created and promoted in the early twentieth century by Frederick W. Taylor. It emphasized time-and-motion studies to improve factory performance. (p. 478)	13
6716935843	Henry Ford	By 1914, he had perfected a system for manufacturing automobiles using an assembly line. (p. 478)	14
6716935844	assembly line	In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product. (p. 478)	15
6716935845	open shop	A company with a labor agreement under which union membership cannot be required as a condition of employment. (p. 479)	16
6716935846	welfare capitalism	An approach to labor relations in which companies voluntarily offer their employees improved benefits and higher wages in order to reduce their interest in joining unions. (p. 479)	17
6716935847	consumerism	In the 1920s, consumerism was fueled by: homes with electricity, electrical appliances, affordable automobiles, increased advertising, and purchasing on credit. (p. 478)	18
6716935848	electric appliances	In the 1920s, refrigerators, stoves, vacuum cleaners, and washing machines became very popular as prices dropped due to reduced production costs and as electrical power to run them became more available. (p. 478)	19
6716935849	impact of the automobile	In the 1920s, this product had the largest impact on society. It caused a growth of cities and suburbs, and workers no longer needed to live near their factories. It provided job opportunities and was a much more efficient way of transportation. (p. 479)	20
6716935850	jazz age	Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz, a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime. (p. 480)	21
6716935851	radio, phonographs	Allowed mostly young people to listen to recorded music. The first radio station went on the air in 1920. Previously, newspapers had been the only form of mass communications. (p. 480)	22
6716935852	national networks	Nationwide radio networks enabled people all over the country to listen to the same news, sports, soap operas, quiz shows and comedies. (p. 480)	23
6716935853	Hollywood	The movie industry was centered here. The industry grew rapidly in the 1920s. Sound was introduced to movies in 1927. By 1929 over 80 million movie tickets were sold each week. (p. 480)	24
6716935854	movie stars	In the 1920s, sexy and glamorous movie stars such as Greta Garbo and Rudolf Valentino we idolized by millions. (p. 480)	25
6716935855	popular heroes	Americans shifted role models from politicians to sports heroes and movie stars. Sports heros included Jack Dempsey, Jim Thorpe, Babe Ruth, and Bobby Jones. However, the most celebrated was Charles Lindbergh who flew from Long Island to Paris in 1927. (p. 480)	26
6716935856	movie palaces	Ornate, lavish single-screen movie theaters that emerged in the 1910s in the United States. (p. 480)	27
6716935857	role of women	In the 1920s, the traditional separation of labor between men and women continued. Most middle-class women expected to spend their lives as homemakers and mothers. (p. 480)	28
6716935858	Sigmund Freud	Austrian psychiatrist who originated psychoanalysis. (p. 481)	29
6716935859	morals and fashions	In the 1920s, movies, novels, automobiles, and new dances encouraged greater promiscuity. Young women shocked their elders by wearing dresses hemmed at the knee (flapper look), cutting their hair short, smoking cigarettes, and driving cars. (p. 481)	30
6716935860	Margaret Sanger	She founded American Birth Control League; which became Planned Parenthood in the 1940s. She advocated birth control awareness. (p. 481)	31
6716935861	high school education	In the 1920s, universal high school education became a new American goal. By 1930, the number of high school graduates had doubled to over 25 percent of school-age adults. (p. 481)	32
6716935862	consumer culture	In the 1920s, many writers were disillusioned with the materialism of the business oriented culture. (p. 481)	33
6716935863	Frederick Lewis Allen	In 1931, he wrote "Only Yesterday", a popular history book that portrayed the 1920s as a period of narrow-minded materialism. (p. 489)	34
6716935864	Only Yesterday	A 1931 history book that portrayed the 1920s as a period of narrow-minded materialism in which the middle class abandoned Progressive reforms, embraced conservative Republican policies, and either supported or condoned nativism, racism, and fundamentalism. (p. 489)	35
6716935865	Gertrude Stein	American writer of experimental novels, poetry, essays, operas, and plays. She called the disillusioned writers of the 1920s, a "lost generation". (p. 481)	36
6716935866	Lost Generation	Group of writers in 1920s, who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy and materialistic world that lacked moral values. Many of them moved to Europe. (p. 481)	37
6716935867	F. Scott Fitzgerald	A novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. His wife, Zelda and he were the "couple" of the decade. His novel, "The Great Gatsby" is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl. (p. 481)	38
6716935868	Ernest Hemingway	One of the most popular writers of the 1920s, he wrote "A Farewell to Arms". (p. 481)	39
6716935869	Sinclair Lewis	American writer of the 1920s. He became the first American to receive a Nobel Prize in Literature. (p. 481)	40
6716935870	Ezra Pound	Expatriate American poet and critic of the 1920s. (p. 481)	41
6716935871	T. S. Eliot	Thomas Stearns Eliot was an essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and one of the twentieth century's major poets. (p. 481)	42
6716935872	Eugene O'Neill	An American playwright of the 1920s. (p. 481)	43
6716935873	industrial design	The fusion of art and technology during the 1920s and 1930s created the new profession of industrial design. (p. 482)	44
6716935874	Art Deco	The 1920's modernistic art style that captured modernistic simplification of forms, while using machine age materials. (p. 482)	45
6716935875	Edward Hopper	A twentieth-century American painter, whose stark realistic paintings often convey a mood of solitude and isolation in common urban settings. (p. 482)	46
6716935876	regional artists	Thomas Benton and Grant Wood celebrated the rural people and scenes of the American heartland. (p. 482)	47
6716935877	Grant Wood	An American Regional artist who focused on rural scenes in Iowa. He is best known for his painting "American Gothic". (p. 482)	48
6716935878	George Gershwin	He was the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants. He blended jazz and classical music to produce "Rhapsody in Blue" and folk opera "Porgy and Bess". (p. 482)	49
6716935879	northern migration	By 1930, almost 20 percent of African Americans out of the Southern United States to the North. (p. 482)	50
6716935880	Harlem Renaissance	The largest African American community of almost 200,000 developed in the Harlem section of New York City. It became famous in the 1920s for its talented actors, artists, musicians, and writers. This term describes this period. (p. 483)	51
6716935881	Countee Cullen	A leading 1920s African American poet from Harlem. (p. 483)	52
6716935882	Langston Hughes	A leading 1920s African American poet from Harlem. (p. 483)	53
6716935883	James Weldon Johnson	A leading 1920s African American author from Harlem. (p. 483)	54
6716935884	Claude McKay	A leading 1920s African American poet from Harlem. (p. 483)	55
6716935885	Duke Ellington	A leading 1920s African American jazz great from Harlem. (p. 483)	56
6716935886	Louis Armstrong	A leading 1920s African American jazz trumpeter from Harlem. (p. 483)	57
6716935887	Bessie Smith	A leading 1920s African American blues singer from Harlem. (p. 483)	58
6716935888	Paul Robeson	A leading 1920s African American singer from Harlem. (p. 483)	59
6716935889	Back to Africa movement	Encouraged those of African descent to return to Africa. (p. 483)	60
6716935890	Marcus Garvey	African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. He was deported to Jamaica and his movement collapsed. (p. 483)	61
6716935891	black pride	Many African American leaders agreed with Marcus Garvey's ideas on racial pride and self-respect. This influenced another generation in the 1960s. (p. 483)	62
6716935892	modernism	They took a historical and critical view of certain Bible passages and believed that they could accept Darwin's theory of evolution without abandoning their religion. (p. 483)	63
6716935893	fundamentalism	A Protestant Christian movement emphasizing the literal truth of the Bible and opposing religious modernism (p. 483)	64
6716935894	revivalists: Billy Sunday, Aimee Semple McPherson	Leading radio evangelists such as Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson preached a fundamentalist message. (p 484)	65
6716935895	Scopes trial	A 1925 Tennessee court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan argued the issue of teaching evolution in public schools. (p. 484)	66
6716935896	Clarence Darrow	A famed criminal defense lawyer, he defended John Scopes, a teacher who taught evolution in his Tennessee classroom. (p. 484)	67
6716935897	Volstead Act	The federal law of 1919 that established criminal penalties for manufacturing, transporting, or possessing alcohol. (p. 484)	68
6716935898	rural vs. urban	In the 1920s, in the urban areas it was common to ignore the law and drink liquor in clubs or bars known as speakeasies. (p 484)	69
6716935899	organized crime	In the 1920s, organized crime became big business, as bootleggers transported and sold liquor to many customers. (p. 484)	70
6716935900	Al Capone	A famous Chicago gangster who fought for control of the lucrative bootlegging (liquor) trade. (p. 484)	71
6716935901	21st Amendment	The amendment which ended the prohibition of alcohol in the United States, it repealed the 18th amendment. (p. 485)	72
6716935902	quota laws of 1921 and 1924	Laws passed to limit immigration. (p. 485)	73
6716935903	Sacco and Vanzetti Case	A criminal case of two Italian men who were convicted of murder in 1921. They were prosecuted because they were Italians, atheists, and anarchists. After 6 years of appeals they were executed in 1927. (p. 485)	74
6716935904	Ku Klux Klan	A secret society created by white southerners in 1866. They used terror and violence to keep African Americans from exercising their civil rights. (p. 486)	75
6716935905	Birth of a Nation	A popular silent film, which portrayed the KKK during Reconstruction as heros. (p. 486)	76
6716935906	blacks, Catholics and Jews	The KKK directed hostility toward these groups in the North. (p. 486)	77
6716935907	foreigners and Communists	During the 1920s, widespread disillusionment with World War I, communism in the Soviet Union, and Europe's post war problems made Americans fearful of being pulled into another foreign war. (p. 486)	78
6716935908	disarmament	Republican presidents of the 1920s tried to promote peace and also to scale back defense expenditures by arranging disarmament treaties (reduction in military equipment). (p. 486)	79
6716935909	Washington Conference	A 1921 conference that placed limits on naval powers, respect of territory in the Pacific, and continued the Open Door policy in China. (p. 487)	80
6716935910	Five-Power Naval Treaty	A 1922 treaty resulting from the Washington Armaments Conference that limited to a specific ratio the carrier and battleship tonnage of each nation. The five countries involved were: United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. (p. 487)	81
6716935911	Nine-Power China Treaty	A 1922 treaty affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China as previously stated in the Open Door Policy. (p. 487)	82
6716935912	Kellogg-Briand Treaty	This treaty of 1928 renounced the use of force to achieve national ends. It was signed by Frank Kellogg of the United States and Aristide Briand of France, and most other nations. The international agreement proved ineffective. (p. 487)	83
6716935913	Latin America policy	In 1927, the United States signed an agreement with Mexico protecting U.S. interests in Mexico. (p. 487)	84
6716935914	war debts	During World War I the United States had loaned more than $10 billion to the Allies. After the war, the United States insisted that they pay back all the debt. Great Britain and France objected because they suffered much greater losses during the war than the United States. (p. 488)	85
6716935915	reparations	As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay $30 billion in reparations to the Allies. (p. 488)	86
6716935916	Dawes Plan	A 1924 plan, created by Charles Dawes in which the United States banks would lend large sums to Germany. Germany would use the money to rebuild its economy and pay reparations to Great Britain and France. Then Great Britain and France would pay their war debts to the United States. After the 1929 stock market crash, the loans to Germany stopped. (p. 488)	87

Powered by Quizlet.com

Period 1/2/3 - AP US History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5108243060	Columbian Exchange	exchanges of plants, animals, diseases, and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life	0
5108243061	John Smith	English explorer, soldier and writer; best known for his role in establishing the first permanent English colony in the New World (Jamestown)	1
5108243062	Jamestown	first permanent English settlement in North America	2
5108243063	Joint-Stock companies	business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders	3
5108243064	Conquistador	leader in the Spanish conquests of America, Mexico, and Peru in the 16th century	4
5108243065	Encomienda	dependency relation system that started in Spain during the Roman Empire; the stronger people protected the weakest in exchange for a service	5
5108243066	Great Awakening	series of religious revivals in the North American British colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries	6
5108243067	Jonathan Edwards	revivalist preacher, philosopher, and Congregationalist Protestant theologian	7
5108243068	French and Indian War	War between colonists of Britian and colonists of France & Native Americans during 1754 to 1760. The purpose was to get North American lands for farming crops and securing a place to live well.	8
5108243069	Proclamation of 1793	statement that declared the war had ended following the British victory over France in the French and Indian War	9
5108243070	King George III	England's longest ruling monarch before Queen Victoria	10
5108243071	Sugar Act	British law enacted in 1764 that put a tax on sugar and molasses imported into the colonies; this law effected the manufacture of rum in New England	11
5108243072	Samuel Adams	an American statesman and founding father of the United States who opposed British taxation and helped organize the Boston Tea Party	12
5108243073	Boston Massacre	In 1770, some colonists threw snowballs at a group of British soldiers and the soldiers fired their guns, killing 5 colonists.	13
5108243074	Boston Tea Party	In 1773, a group of colonists protested the tea tax by dressing up as Native American and climbing on British ships in the Boston Harbor. They threw all the tea into the water to show they wouldn't buy tea from England.	14
5108243075	Declaration of Independence	Thomas Jefferson wrote a document stating that the 13 colonies wanted to be independent. On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress accepted it.	15
5108243076	Saratoga	It was the turning point of the war for independence. After this battle, the American colonists were in an advantageous place. There were heavy British casualties.	16
5108243077	Marquis de Lafayette	a French aristocrat and military officer who fought for the United States in the American Revolutionary War	17
5108243078	Charles Cornwallis	a British Army officer and colonial administrator (1753-1762)	18
5108243079	Yorktown	1781 battle which led to a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops; General George Washington led this defeat against Cornwallis' troops	19
5108243080	Treaty of Paris	document that ended the Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the colonies	20
5108243081	Articles of Confederation	agreement among the thirteen colonies that served as its first constitution	21
5108243082	Bill of Rights	The first 10 amendments to the Constitution that make up the Bill of Rights	22