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AP History Project Flashcards

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10029250063June 25, 1950Korean War begins between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the principal support of the United States).0
10029250111September 04,1951The first live transcontinental television broadcast takes place in San Francisco, California from the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference. One month later, the situation comedy I Love Lucy premieres on CBS, sparking the rise of television in the American home and the Golden Age of Television.1
10029250064June 19, 1953Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed. They were were United States citizens who were accused of spying for the Soviet Union and were tried, convicted, and executed by the United States government.2
10029250065May 13, 1954Saint Lawrence Seaway Act, permitting the construction of the system of locks, canals and channels that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the North American Great Lakes, is approved.3
10029250066September 12, 1954The People's Republic of China lays siege on Quemoy and Matsu Islands; Eisenhower sends in Navy to demonstrate an invasion of Taiwan would not be permitted.4
10029250067December 1, 1955Rosa Parks incites the Montgomery bus boycott.5
10029250068April 12, 1955Jonas Salk develops polio vaccine.6
10029250069September 9, 1957Civil Rights Act of 1957, primarily a voting rights bill, becomes the first civil rights legislation enacted by Congress since Reconstruction.7
10029250070September 25, 1957Little Rock, Arkansas school desegregation.8
10029250071May 1, 1960U-2 incident, wherein a CIA U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission over Soviet Union airspace.9
10029250072November 8, 1961John F. Kennedy becomes President.10
100292500731961Vietnam War- 900 military advisors land in Saigon.11
10029250074October 16-28, 1962Cuban Missile Crisis, which becomes the closest nuclear confrontation (as of 2010) involving the U.S. and USSR.12
10029250075August 28, 1963March on Washington; Martin Luther King, Jr. "I Have a Dream" speech.13
10029250076July 2, 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964, outlawing major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, and ended racial segregation in the United States.14
10029250077February 21, 1965Malcolm X an African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist is assassinated in Harlem, New York.15
100292500781966The three major American television networks—NBC, CBS and ABC—have full color lineups in their prime-time schedules.16
10029250079April 4, 1968Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated. The assassination led to a nationwide wave of race riots in Washington, D.C., Chicago, Baltimore, Louisville, Kansas City, and dozens of other cities.17
10029250080July 21, 1969Neil Armstrong walks on the Moon. When he stepped onto the lunar surface he said: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."18
10029250081March 23, 197126th Amendment ratified, allowing 18-year-olds to vote.19
10029250082October 24, 1972Jackie Robinson dies. He was an American professional baseball second baseman who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era.20
10029250083October 20, 1973During the Watergate Scandal, President Nixon fires three Attorneys General over disposition of the secret tapes and the actions of the Special Prosecutor.21
10029250084April 30, 1975Fall of Saigon. The event marked the end of the Vietnam War and the start of a transition period to the formal reunification of Vietnam into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.22
10029250085April 4, 1975Bill Gates founds Microsoft, which in time will dominate the home computer operating system market.23
10029250086August 16, 1977Elvis Presley, the king of rock and roll dies in his home in Graceland at age 42. 75,000 fans lined the streets of Memphis for this funeral.24
10029250087October 27, 1978Humphrey Hawkins Full Employment Act signed into law, adjusting the government's economic goals to include full employment, growth in production, price stability, and balance of trade and budget.25
10029250088March 17, 1980Refugee Act, which reformed United States immigration law and admitted refugees on systematic basis for humanitarian reasons.26
10029250089May 18, 1980Mount St. Helens eruption in Washington kills 57.27
10029250090July 7, 1981Sandra Day O'Connor becomes first woman on the U.S. Supreme Court.28
10029250091October 25, 1983Citing the threat posed to American nationals on the Caribbean nation of Grenada by that nation's pro-Marxist regime, President Ronald Reagan ordered U.S. forces to invade the island and to secure their safety.29
10029250092October 18, 1985Nintendo Entertainment System is released to the public.30
10029250093August 8, 1988Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois, becomes the last Major League Baseball park to add lights for night games.31
10029250094March 24, 1989Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska's Prince William Sound. The tanker ran aground on Bligh Reef in Alaska on March 24, 1989, releasing nearly 11 million gallons of crude oil into Prince William Sound.32
10029250095August 2, 1990The Gulf War is waged in the Middle East, by a U.N. authorized coalition force from thirty-four nations, led by the U.S. and the United Kingdom, against Iraq.33
10029250097August 6, 1991The World Wide Web is publicly debuted as an Internet service.34
10029250098January 1, 1994NAFTA came into force. The North American Free Trade Agreement is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.35
10029250099April 19, 1995The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.36
10029250100September 11, 2001Four passenger airliners were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists. Two of the planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, were crashed into the North and South towers, respectively, of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan.37
10029250101October 7, 2001The United States launches the invasion of Afghanistan marking the start of Operation Enduring Freedom.38
10029250102October 26, 2001The Patriot Act is signed into law by President George W. Bush. It authorizes measures to enhance the ability of domestic security services to prevent terrorism.39
10029250112February 4, 2004The social networking website Facebook is launched.40
10029250103May 17, 2004Massachusetts becomes the first state to legalized same -sex marriage in compliance with a ruling from the state's Supreme Court ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health.41
10029250104September 15, 2008Hurricane Ike kills 100 people along the Texas coast, produces $31 billion in damage, and contributes to rising oil prices.42
10029250105January 20, 2009Barack Obama is inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States. He is the first African-American to hold the office.43
10029250106May 2, 2011Osama bin Laden, leader of al-Qaeda and mastermind of the September 11 attacks, is killed in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by U.S. Navy SEALs.44
10029250107June 1, 2011The Space Shuttle Atlantis touches down at the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center, ending the 30-year shuttle program, which began with the launch of shuttle Columbia on April 12, 1981.45
10029250108May 20, 2013A tornado devastates suburbs near Oklahoma City, killing 24.46
10029250109June 26, 2013The Supreme Court strikes down the Defense of Marriage Act, which banned the federal recognition of same-sex marriages. This resulted in the re-legalization of same-sex marriage in California.47
10029250110August 9, 2014A grand jury decides not to charge Officer Darren Wilson in the shooting death of Michael Brown, inciting protests and riots against racism and police brutality in the St. Luis area.48
10029250113June 26, 2015Same sex marriage is legalized in all 50 states in the landmark civil rights case of Oberfell v. Hodges.49
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AP Spanish essay vocab Flashcards

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9554691848para empezarto start0
9554691849primerofirst/firstly1
9554691850por lo generalgenerally2
9554691851en la actualidadpresently3
9554691852hoy en díanowadays4
9554691853con respecto awith regards/respect to5
9554691854por ejemplofor example6
9554691855por ilustrarfor example7
9554691856tambien, ademásmoreover, also8
9554691857en realidadin fact9
9554691858sin embargo, no obstantehowever10
9554691859por una parteon one hand11
9554691860por otra parteon the other hand (parte)12
9554691861en cambioon the other hand13
9554691862para resumir, para concluirin summary14
9554691863en resumenin conclusion15
9554691864Por fin, finalmentefinally16
9554691865por lo tanto, por esotherefore17
9554691866por esa razóntherefore (for this reason)18
9554691867otro aspecto en que se asemejananother aspect by which they are similar19
9554691868de la misma manerain the same way20
9554691869como pueden veras you can see21
9554691870ambas comunidadesboth communities22
9554691871Espero que mi presentación les haya ayudado a entender mejorI hope my presentation has helped you better understand23
9554691872Ojalá que hayan disfrutado escuchar mis ideasI hope you have enjoyed listening to my ideas24
9554691873similitudessimilarities25
9554691874En primer lugarIn the first place26
9554691875por un ladoon one side27
9554691876por otro ladoon the other side28
9554691877de lo contrarioon the contrary29
9554691878Se puede notar queone can note30
9554691879mientras tantomeanwhile31
9554691880Bastaría poner un ejemplo.Here is an example.32
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AP Psychology: Research Methods Flashcards

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5844237779Hypothesisa testable prediction, often implied by a theory, that expresses a relationship between two variables0
5844246743Replicationrepeating the essence of a research study usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic findings extend to other participants and circumstances1
5844257013Empirical Sciencecollecting data from an observation or experiment2
5844260455Independent Variablethe experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied3
5844265741Dependent Variablethe outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variables4
5844271765Populationincludes anyone or anything that could possibly be selected to be in a sample5
5844276469Samplingthe process by which the participants are selected6
5844279557Representative Samplea sample that is often large and diverse, in order to represent a larger population7
5844284902Random Selectionevery member of the population has an equal chance of being selected8
5844290549Experimental Groupthe group that gets the treatment operationalized in the independent variable9
5844294727Control Groupin an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable10
5844302150Random Assignmentassigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between different groups11
5844310487Cross-sectional Studiesa study in which people of different ages are compared with one another12
5844314220Longitudinal Studiesresearch in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period13
5844319435Confounding Variablesany difference between the experimental and control conditions, except the independent variable, that might affect the dependent variable14
5844327723Extraneous Variablesany variables that the researcher did not intentionally study in an experiment or test15
5844331432Operational Definitiona carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study. (i.e. human intelligence & IQ)16
5844339666Experimenter Biasthe unconscious tendency for researchers to treat members of the experiment and control groups differently to increase the chance of confirming their hypothesis17
5844351163"Generalizability" of a studythe extent to which findings (from a study) can be generalized (or extended) to the those in natural settings (i.e., outside the lab).18
5844356382Single-blind Procedurewhen only the participants are unaware of which group they've been assigned to19
5844363094Double-blind Procedurewhen neither the participants nor the researcher are able to affect the outcome of the research20
5844369595Placeboa harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the psychological benefit of the patient than for any physiological effect21
5844376886Placebo Effectexperimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent.22
5848977750Reliabilitythe extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, in its alternate forms, or in a retest23
5848987648Validitythe extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it's supposed to24
5848994940Descriptive Statisticsnumerical date used to measure and describe characteristics of groups25
5849001654Frequency Distributiona simplified organization or presentation of data (i.e. histogram, frequency polygon)26
5849006537Central Tendencymeasures that attempt to mark the center of a distribution27
5849013059Modethe score that appears most frequently28
5849015708Medianthe middle of a list of scores organized by ascending or descending order29
5849020043Meanaverage of all scores in a distribution30
5849022384Variabilitymeasures that attempt to depict the diversity of the distribution31
5849026290Rangethe difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution32
5849030572Standard Deviationa computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score33
5849035037Normal Distributiona theoretical bell-shaped curve for which the area under the curve lying between any two z scores has been predetermined34
5849043677Percentile Scorean indication of the distance of a particular score from zero35
5849048108Correlation Coefficient(r) a statistical index of the relationship between two variables (from -1 to +1)36
5849055286Positive Correlationthe presence of one thing predicts the presence of the other37
5849059947Negative Correlationthe presence of one thing predicts the absence of the other38
5849065919Inferential Statisticsused to determine whether or not a finding can be applied to the larger population from which the sample was selected.39
5849072314Statistical Significance(p) the probability of some result of a statistical test occurring by chance40
5849083575APA Ethical Standard 1Subjects' participation in research should be voluntary and based on informed consent.41
5849094210APA Ethical Standard 2Participants should not be exposed to harmful or dangerous research procedures.42
5849100362APA Ethical Standard 3If an investigation requires some deception of participants, the researcher is required to explain/correct any misunderstandings asap.43
5849111801APA Ethical Standard 4Subjects' right to privacy should never be violated. Their participation is confidential.44
5849123169APA Ethical Standard 5Harmful or painful procedures imposed upon animals must be justified in terms of the knowledge to be gained from the study.45
5849130822APA Ethical Standard 6Prior to conducting studies, approval should be obtained from host institutions and their research review committees.46
5849142552Experiment Advantagesidentifies cause-effect relationship; distinguishes between placebo and real effects47
5849142553Experiment Disadvantagesresults may not generalize to real-world situations; can be affected by confounding/extraneous variables; ethics; double blind48
5849207693Experimentan investigation in which a hypothesis is scientifically tested49
5849211996Quasi-experimentexperiments employed when the researcher is interested in independent variables that cannot be randomly assigned50
5849145933Quasi-experiment ad.more feasible type of experiment; external validity is increased; genuine reactions from participants51
5849146011Quasi-experiment dis.results are limited from being representative of larger populations; lack of statistic significance; threat to internal validity52
5849227219Naturalistic Observationobserving people in their natural behavior without interacting with them at all53
5849150570Naturalistic Observation ad.provides info. about natural behaviors54
5849152310Naturalistic Observation dis.researcher has no control; observer bias55
5849236113Surveyasking people to answer questions56
5849152311Surveys advantagesa lot of info in results; easy/cheap; investigates relationship between two variables57
5849154345Surveys disadvantagesno cause-effect relationship; information can't be confirmed58
5849248458Case Studiesresearch method of obtaining a full detailed picture of one participant or a small group of participants59
5849154346Case studies advantagesvery specific info to a small group of people60
5849158505Case studies disadvantagescan be subjective; no cause-effect relationship61
5849158506Hawthorne Effectmerely selecting a group of people on whom to experiment has been determined to affect the performance of that group, regardless of what is done to those individuals62
5849161275False Consensus biasbias whereby people tend to overestimate the extent to which their opinions, beliefs, values, and habits are normal and typical of those of others63
5849161276Gambler's Fallacythe belief that the chances of something happening with a fixed probability become higher as the process is repeated64
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AP Flashcards

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9945835340shifting cultivationclearing forests to plant fields for a few years and then abandoning them0
9945835341dairy farminga farm that produces milk or milk products, and are usually around big urban areas1
9945835342Pastoral Nomadismform of agriculture based on herding domesticated animals2
9945835343plantation agricultureraising a large amount of a "cash crop" for local sale or export3
9945835344intensive subsistence agriculturefarming to supply the minimum food and materials necessary to survive.4
9945835345subsistence farmingfarming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced5
9945835346commercialhaving to do with business or trade6
9945835347UrbanizationAn increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.7
9945835348Vanacular region8
9950718071YouthThe period between childhood and adult age9
9950718072Zone10
9959093750Connectivity11
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AP Human Geography Industry Flashcards

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9824039272DevelopmentA process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology. In order to be in the last part of the demographic transition model a country needs to develop.0
9824039273Foreign direct investmentInvestment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country. Usually companies invest where work is cheaper.1
9824039274Gross domestic productThe total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year. GDP is important to a countries economic world rating.2
9824039275Gross national productThe total value of goods ad services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year. Like "gross domestic product," only the incomes that people earn abroad are also considered3
9824039276Human development indexMeasure used by the United Nations that calculates development not in terms of money or productivity but in terms of human welfare. The HDI evaluates human welfare and costs of living.4
9824039277Measures of developmentThe process of achieving an optimum level of health and well-being. It includes physical, biological, mental, emotional, social, educational, economic, and cultural components.5
9824039278Rostows "Stages of Growth" modelFive stages a country goes through in developing their economy through international trade. Rostows "Stages of Growth" model shows how long and how much a country can develop its trade.6
9824039279World System modelTheorized that the modern network of countries engaged in trade and competition emerged when European nations began exploring the rest of the world. Immanuel Wallerstein developed model to explain a three level hierarchy in the world: core, periphery, and semi-periphery.7
9824039280AgglomerationThe term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities. This process involves the clustering or concentrating of people or activities.8
9824039281FordismThe manufacturing economy and system derived from assembly-line mass production and the mass consumption of standardized goods. This type of work was named after Henry Ford.9
9824039282Break-of-bulk pointA location where goods are transferred from one type of carrier to another. For example from barge to railroad.10
9824039283DeindustrializationProcess by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment. A synonym is outsourcing, since both deal with the moving of jobs.11
9824039284Industrial location theoryAlfred Weber, the selection of optimal factory locations has much to do with the minimization of land, labor, resource, and transportation costs, variable-cost framework that affects location of factory sites. This made back in the 1900s where there were only a couple of markets.12
9824039285Industrial RevolutionA period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s. Began in England with the invention of the steam engine.13
9824039286InfrastructueThe basic physical systems of transportation, communication, sewage water, and electric. Infrastructure is what we call interstates and roads.14
9824039287International division of laborA division of work between rich and poor countries under which low-waged workers in the global South do assembly, manufacturing, and office work on contract to companies based in the global North. The process where the assembling procedures for a product are spread out through different parts of the world.15
9824039288MaquiladoraA foreign-owned assembly company located in the United States-Mexico border region in order to take advantage of cheaper labor, favorable tax breaks, and lax environmental regulations. This company was located near the border due to export processing zones.16
9824039289OutsourcingSending industrial processes out for external production. The term outsourcing increasingly applies not only to traditional industrial functions, but also to the contracting of service industry functions to companies to overseas locations, where operating costs remain relatively low. A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers is an example of outsourcing.17
9824039290PostindustrialPeople moving into the service sector, quaternary and quinary sectors of the economy. Information is created, processed, and stored in the postindustrial era.18
9824039291Transnational corporationA company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. Apple is a real life example of a transnational corporation company.19
9824039292Bulk-gaining industryAn industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs. Coca-cola is an example of bulk-gaining product.20
9824039293Bulk-reducing industryAn industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs. Copper factories have to be close to the mine because of bulk-reducing industry.21
9824039294Market orientedThe degree to which a company follows the marketing concept. At one point in the evolution of marketing, the United States entered a buyer's market and the customer became king. Which era is being described.22
9824039295Resource orientedWeight-losing; lower cost of transportation for finished product. Industries that are located close to the resource because it is too heavy/bulky to transport in resource oriented industries.23
9824039296Categories of wealthMDC's are more developed countries with better quality of life and LDC's are the opposite. MDC's have a higher fraction of wealth and are in the final state of the demographic model.24
9824039297Industrial regionsA region with extremely dense industry. It is usually heavily urbanized. Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, East Asia are the industrial regions of the world.25
9824039298Cottage IndustryWeaving, sewing, carving, and other small-scale industries that can be done in the home. The laborers, frequently women, are usually independent. Most manufacturing was done this way before the industrial revolution. An industry in which the production of goods and services is based in homes, as opposed to factories.26
9824039308Comparison of transportation systems27
9824039299Site factors of industrial locationsThree economic factors based on the location of a factory: land, labor, and capital. One of the two geographic costs an ordinary company will face and results from the unique characteristics of location.28
9824039300Situational factors of industrial locationProximity(physical distance), Familiarity(mere exposure effect). The less money there is in a place the lower the wages can be.29
9824039301Brandt lineImaginary line that separates the rich "Global North" from the poor "Global South". The Brandt line is a line created 30 years ago so it is very ineffective.30
9824039302Changing geography of jobsShift from extracting natural resources from the earth, to converting raw materials into goods and services, to selling the goods and services. There are more computer and technologies created than ever before.31
9824039303Just-in-time deliveryMethod of inventory management made possible by efficient transportation and communication systems, whereby companies keep on hand just what they need for near-term production, planning that what they need for longer-term production will arrive when needed. Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed usually by mail companies.32
9824039304International trade approachMethod of improving a country's development that pushes the country to identify its unique set of strengths in the world and to channel investment toward building on these strengths. To compete internationally, this approach argues, a country must find out what it can offer the world and capitalize on that good or service.33
9824039305Self-suffiency modelFocus on local economy-wide growth (promote internal development. More focus on making the most profit for the country.34
9824039306Informal economyEconomic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy. This is another word for the black market.35
9824039307Gender Inequality IndexA United Nations index, introduced in 2010, which measures a country's loss of achievement due to gender inequality, based on reproductive health, employment, and general empowerment. The UN index which measures a country's loss of achievement due to gender inequality.36
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AP Physics 1 Review Flashcards

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6714235000First kinematics equation (constant acceleration) no displacement given*speed up or slow down *acceleration is how quickly velocity changes0
6714235001Second kinematics equation (constant acceleration) no final velocity given*speed up or slow down *most often used for projectile motion1
6714235002Third kinematics equation (constant acceleration) no time given*speed up or slow down m/s m m/s/s2
6714235003Fourth Kinematics Equation (constant acceleration) no acceleration given*speed up or slow down meters m/s seconds3
6714235004Newton's Second Law*vector addition *right-left=ma or up-down=ma ***one of the above equations acceleration=0 *****watch direction for a***** *mass is measured in kg4
6714235005Newton's 3 Laws3rd law means forces are equal and opposite5
6714235006Weight*depends on location and planet * Force is weight measured in Newtons *mass is m measured in kg *g is acceleration due to gravity (9.8 for Earth)6
6714235007Force of static Friction*from freebody diagram *Normal comes from up-down=ma equation *Newtons *coefficient is unitless7
6714235008Force of kinetic friction*depends on materials and normal force acting on object *Normal comes from up-down=ma equation *Newtons *coefficient is unitless8
6714235009Work*carrying a book across a room is not work *to do work the force must be parallel to displacement *friction does negative work Joules9
6714235010Work-Energy Theorem*Work is the change of kinetic energy *object speeding up or slowing down *option to Newton's 2nd Law approach Joules10
6714235011Hooke's Law (springs)F= force stretching or compressing a spring(N) k= spring constant/force constant (N/m) x= how much spring is stretched or compressed (m) *F=ma11
6714235012Elastic Potential Energy for a springU= potential energy (Joules) k= spring constant / force constant (N/m) x= how much spring is stretched or compressed (m) *Use in conservation of energy U+K=U+K12
6714235013Gravitational Potential EnergyU= potential energy (Joules) m= mass (kg) g=acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 Earth) y= vertical position from bottom (not ground) *swinging objects *roller coasters *used in conservation of energy U+K=U+K13
6714235014Conservation of Mechanical energy*one object *use for swinging objects, springs, roller coasters *potential loss is kinetic gained14
6714235015conservation of energy with frictionObject moving with friction *energy at one time = energy at later time + work done by friction U+K=U+K+W15
6714235016Powerrate of energy change Watts16
6714235017energy from powerEnergy= power * time Joules17
6714235018radial/ centripetal accelerationchange direction acceleration m/s/s18
6714235019total accelerationno angular acceleration m/s/s *object speeding up/slowing down and turning19
6714235020linear/tangential velocity for circular motionT is period= time for one complete circle x=vt where x is circumference m/s20
6714235021conversion for linear and angular velocityv=velocity (m/s) w=angular velocity (rad/s) r= radius (m)21
6714235022conversion for linear and angular accelerationa= acceleration m/s/s alpha= angular acceleration rad/s/s r= radius (m)22
6714235023angular momentum (something going in a circle like a spinning ice skater)L= angular momentum kgm^2/s I= rotational inertia kgm^2 w=angular velocity rad/s *when ice skater brings arms in I decreases which increases w23
6714235024net torque for systemtorque (Nm) I= rotational inertia (kgm^2) angular acceleration (rad/s/s) *object like a see saw speeding up or slowing down but going in a circle24
6714235025Rotational Kinetic energy*object turning like a spinning wheel K= kinetic energy (joules) I= rotational inertia (kgm^2) w= angular velocity (rad/s)25
6714235026Universal Gravitational Potential Energyobject with a planet U= potential energy (Joules) G=6.67x10^-11 r=distance center to center (m) m=mass (kg)26
6714235027acceleration due to gravityg= m/s/s acceleration due to gravity M = Mass of planet (kg) r = distance from the center of the plant to object location (m)27
6714235028position as a function of time for simple harmonic motion (mass on spring)RADIAN MODE x=position (meters) A= amplitude (meters) f=frequency (Hz)28
6714235029angular frequency for mass on springw = angular frequency (rad/s) k=spring/force constant (N/m) m= mass (kg)29
6714235030frequency for simple harmonic motionf=frequency (Hz) T=period (s) w=angular frequency (rad/s) *use parenthesis in calculator30
6714235031Period of a mass on a spring*doesn't change if you go to a different planet *period is time for one complete cycle *use parenthesis in calculator T= period (s) m= mass (kg) k= spring/force constant (N/m)31
6714235032Period of an simple pendulum*depends on planet/ location *period is time for one complete cycle (s) *L is length of string (m) *g is 9.8 for Earth32
6714235033momentumvector! Watch sign for VELOCITY33
6714235034impulsevector! change of direction means double the impulse WATCH SIGN for VELOCITY34
6714235035kinetic energyscalar, never negative if you are moving you have kinetic energy35
6714235036constant angular velocityw= angular velocity (rad/s) angular displacement (rad)36
6714235037universal law of gravitationF = force (equal and opposite on masses) G=6.67x10^-11 m = mass (kg) r = distance center to center (m) Force = mg or ma or mv^2/r37
6714235038Coulomb's Law (force between charges)F= force equal and opposite on charges (N) k=9x10^9 q=charge (C) r = distance center to center *opposite signs attract *like signs repel38
6714235039current*direction is from positive side of battery towards negative sign of battery I= current (Amps) q= charge (C) t = time *flow of charge through a cross sectional area of wire *equal in series (one pipe=one current)39
6714235040resistanceR= resistance (ohms) resistivity (ohm meters) L=length (m) A= cross-sectional area (circle for wires) (m^2) *Longer the wire the more the resistance *the greater the area the smaller the resistance40
6714235041powerrate of energy dissipated by resistor or rate of energy converted by battery *P= power (watts) *I= current (amps) *V= electric potential difference (volts)41
6714235042resistors in serieslonger means increased resistance *one path/ one pipe/ one *current is equal *voltage adds up42
6714235043resistors in parallel*multiple paths/ more pipes/two finger rule *voltage is equal *current adds up43
6714235044adding resistors in series and parallel44
6714235045wave speedv= wave speed (m/s) f=frequency (Hz) wavelength (m) *deceiving equation , wave speed only depends on medium45
6714235046slope of a position vs time graphv=x/t velocity46
6714235047slope of a velocity vs time grapha= change of v/time acceleration47
6714235048area of a velocity vs time graphx=vt displacement48
6714235049slope of a force vs acceleration graphm=F/a mass49
6714235050area of a force vs time graphFt= impulse= change of momentum50
6714235051area of a force vs displacement graphFx=work= change of kinetic energy51
6714235052slope of a force vs stretch graphk=F/x spring constant or force constant52
6714235053force of frictionanother force for freebody Normal comes from freebody53
6714235054Newton's 2nd Law Practicesplit tension Fcos (angle)- f =ma N +Fsin(angle)-mg=054
6714235055conservation of momentumuse for collisions momentum before + momentum before = momentum after +momentum after55
6714235056Elastic collisions*conserve momentum and kinetic energy *magnetic bumpers with carts56
6714235057Inelastic collisions*This is what you assume unless told otherwise *conserve momentum not kinetic energy *objects do not have to stick together57
6714235058completely inelastic collisions*conserve momentum only *objects stick together *Velcro with carts58
6714235059angular displacementradians rad/s rad/s/s59
6714235060speeding up/slowing down angular velocityrad/s rad/s/s60
6714235061torque (twisting force)*See Saw/ levers *demo with trying to hold up bar with hanging masses torque (Nm) r is distance from pivot point to force (m) force must be perpendicular (N)61
6714235062change of angular momentumchange of angular momentum (kgm^2/s) torque (Nm) time (s) *if there is a torque object speeds up or slows down which changes its angular momentum62
6714235063horizontal projectile motioninitial velocity = zero a=-9.8 displacement is negative63
6714235064projectile motion at an angle*split initial velocity into sin and cos *vsin is for vertical constant acceleration equations *vcos is for horizontal constant velocity equation x=vt64
6714235065densitydensity (kg/m^3) mass (kg) Volume (m^3)65
6714235066periodperiod is time for one complete cycle/circle w= angular velocity/frequency (rad/s) f= frequency (Hz)66
6714235067Ohm's LawI= current (A)....flow V= electric potential difference (Volts)....push R= resistance (ohm's law)... fight *the more the push the more the flow * the more the fight, the less the flow67
6714235068slope of a voltage vs resistance graphcurrent68
6714235069slopedivide axis and find equation for meaning69
6714235070area*multiply axis for meaning *area under x-axis is negative *shading is from the x-axis up and from the x-axis down70
6714235071Newton's 2nd Law - atwoodup-down=ma T-W=ma T-.9(9.8)=.9a T-.6(9.8)=.6(-a)71
6714235072Newton's 2nd law- incline planeN-mgcos(angle)=0 T-mgsin(angle)=ma T-mg=m(-a)72
6714235073Newton's 2nd law turningN-mg=mv^2/r73
6714235074projectile motion*force = weight (down whole time) *acceleration (down -9.8 m/s/s) *horizontal motion constant velocity x=vt *at P only horizontal velocity *at P vertical velocity is negative74
6714235075Newton's 2nd law -modified atwoodN-mg=0 T=4a T-2g=2(-a)75
6714235076Freebody for incline planeonly C and E correct C is at rest or moving down incline E is being accelerated up incline76
6714235077Soundcompressional / longitudinal wave *fastest in solids *cannot go through a vaccuum77
6714235078conservation of angular momentum78
6714235079torque79
6714235080Coulomb's Law80
6714235081Hooke's Law81
6714235082Ohm's law visual82
6714235083centripetal force*Net force towards center of circle Moon around earth it is gravity car going around curve friction83
6714235084no centripetal forceno centripetal force object moves straight... no longer turns84
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AP Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9936527481agrandir:extend0
9936527482apprécierassess1
9936527483apprêter :create2
9936527484calquer:model3
9936527485décortiquerdissect4
9936527486déduire :deduce5
9936527487exposer les grandes lignesoutline6
9936527488prédire:predict7
9936527489réduire :simplfy8
9936527490reformuler:rephrase9
9936527491deviner :guess, infer10
9936527492soutenir:support11
9936527493supposer:suppose, hypothesize12
9936527494supprimer:delete13
9936527495Théoriser:theorize14
9936527496cela dépend dethat depends on15
9936527497C'est tellement plus facile de...It's so much easier to...16
9936527498Ce qui est sûr, c'est queWhat's cerain is that17
9936527499Ce qui frappe, c'est.What strikes one is...18
9936527500D' abord et avant toutFirst and foremost...19
9936527501De mon cotéAs for me...20
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APES: Biomes Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9638305744Biomeecosystems that are based on land0
9638305745Aquatic Life Zonesecosystems that are in water environments1
9638305746Salinityhow are aquatic ecosystems categorized?2
9638305747Ecotonesthe transitional area where two ecosystems meet3
9638305748Ecozones/Ecoregionssmaller regions within ecosystems that share similar physical features4
963830574975-250cmRain: Deciduous Forest5
9638305750200-400cmRain: Tropical Rainforest6
963830575110-60cmRain: Grasslands7
963830575220-60cm - mostly in summerRain: Coniferous Forest8
9638305753TaigaAnother name for a Coniferous forest9
9638305754Less than 25cmRain: Tundra10
963830575550-75cm - mostly in winterRain: Chaparral11
9638305756Less than 25cmRain: Deserts12
9638305757Scrub Forestwhat is a chaparral?13
9638305758Rich soil with high organic contentSoil: Deciduous Forest14
9638305759Poor quality soilSoil: Tropical Rainforest15
9638305760Rich SoilSoil: Grasslands16
9638305761Soil is acidic due to vegetationSoil: Taiga17
9638305762Soil is permafrostSoil: Tundra18
9638305763Permafrosta thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions19
9638305764Soil is shallow and infertileSoil: Chaparral20
9638305765Soil has a course textureSoil: Desert21
9638305766DedicuousHardwood Trees22
9638305767Tropical RainforestTall trees with few lower limbs, vines, epiphytes, plants adapted to low light intensity23
9638305768Epiphytesa plant that grows on another plant but is not parasitic24
9638305769GrasslandsSod-forming grasses25
9638305770TaigaConiferous trees26
9638305771TundraHerbaceous plants27
9638305772ChaparralSmall trees with large hard leaves, spiny shrubs28
9638305773DesertCactus, other low-water adapted plants29
9638305774Deciduous ForestNorth America, Europe, Australia, and Eastern Asia30
9638305775Tropical RainforestSouth America, West Africa, Southeast Asia31
9638305776GrasslandsNorth American plains and prairies; Russian steppes; South African velds; Argentinean pampas32
9638305777TaigaNorthern North America, northern Eurasia33
9638305778TundraThe northern latitudes of North America, Europe, and Russia34
9638305779ChaparralWestern North America, the Mediterranean region35
9638305780Deserts30 degrees north and south of the equator36
9638305781Law of Tolerancedescribes the degree to which living organisms are capable of tolerating changes in their environment; basis for natural selection37
9638305782Law of Minimumliving organisms will continue to live, consuming available materials until the supply of these materials is exhausted38
9638305783Biodiversitythe number and variety of organisms found within a specified geographic region, or ecosystem; also refers to the variability among living organisms, including the variability within and between species and within and between ecosystems39
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