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AP World History - Chapter 13 Flashcards

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7664549586Taika reformsattempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.0
7664549587Tale of Genjiwritten by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society.1
7664549588Fujiwaramid-9th-century Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power.2
7664549589bushi"regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies."3
7664549590samurai"mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor."4
7664549591seppukuritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor.5
7664549592Tairapowerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with Minamoto family; defeated after Gempei Wars.6
7664549593Minamotodefeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th-century Japan.7
7664549594Gempei warswaged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira.8
7664549595bakufu"military government established by the Minamoto following Gumpei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai."9
7664549596shogunsmilitary leaders of the bakufu.10
7664549597Hojoa warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; ruled in name of emperor.11
7664549598Ashikaga Takuajimember of Minamoto family; overthrew Kamakura regime and established Ashikaga shogunate (1336-1573); drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino.12
7664549599Ashikaga Shogunatereplaced the Kamakura regime and ruled from 1336 to 1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority.13
7664549600daimyoswarlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states.14
7664549601Chosonearliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han in 109 B.C.E.15
7664549602Koguryotribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification.16
7664549603SillaKorean kingdom in southeast; became a vassal of the Tang and paid tribute; ruled Korea from 668.17
7664549604Paekcheindependent Korean kingdom in southwestern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century.18
7664549605Sinificationextensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions.19
7664564013Tribute SystemChinese method of dealing with foreign lands and people's that assumed the subordination of all non-Chinese authorities and required the payment of tribute to the Chinese emperor20
7664549606Yi Dynastydynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence.21
7664549607KhmersIndianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi.22
7664549608Trung sistersleaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 C.E.; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society.23
7664549609ChamsIndianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south.24
7664549610Nguyensouthern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi.25
7664549611Trinh"dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south."26
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AP World History- Themes Flashcards

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7375928758DemographyHuman Environmental Interaction0
7375928759DiseaseHuman Environmental Interaction1
7375928760MigrationHuman Environmental Interaction2
7375928761Patterns of SettlementHuman Environmental Interaction3
7375928762TechnologyHuman Environmental Interaction4
7375928763Impacts on LandHuman Environmental Interaction5
7375928764ReligionsCulture6
7375928765Belief SystemsCulture7
7375928766PhilosophiesCulture8
7375928767IdeologiesCulture9
7375928768ScienceCulture10
7375928769TechnologyCulture11
7375928770ArtCulture12
7375928771MusicCulture13
7375928772AtchitectureCulture14
7375928773LanguageCulture15
7375928774Political StructuresState Building16
7375928775Forms of GovernmentState Building17
7375928776Law CodesState Building18
7375928777EmpiresState Building19
7375928778NationsState Building20
7375928779NationalismState Building21
7375928780RevoltsState Building22
7375928781RevolutionsState Building23
7375928782Agricultural and Pastoral ProductionEconomic Systems24
7375928783Trade and CommerceEconomic Systems25
7375928784Trade RoutesEconomic Systems26
7375928785Labor SystemsEconomic Systems27
7375928786IndustrializationEconomic Systems28
7375928787CapitalismEconomic Systems29
7375928788SocialismEconomic Systems30
7375928789Forms of CurrencyEconomic Systems31
7375928790Gender Roles and RelationshipsSocial Structures32
7375928791Family and Kinship NetworksSocial Structures33
7375928792Racial ConstructionSocial Structures34
7375928793Ethnic ConstructionSocial Structures35
7375928794Social ClassSocial Structures36
7375928795Economic ClassSocial Structures37
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AP Human Geography: Language Flashcards

Language

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7772261916DialectA particular form of a language that is particular to a specific region or social group.0
7772261917Extinct LanguageAn extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, or that is no longer in current use.1
7772261918IdeogramA written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it. An Example: 6 (six)2
7772261919IsoglossA geographic boundary line delimiting the area in which a given linguistic feature occurs.3
7772261920Isolated Languagea natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language. i.e A language family with only one language.4
7772261921Language BranchA Subsection of a Language Family. i.e The Romance "-------" of the Indo-European language family.5
7772261922LanguageThe method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.6
7772261923Language GroupA Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.7
7772261924Language FamilyA collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history8
7772261925Indo European language familyLargest language family that includes English and most other languages in the Western Hemisphere. Also used in South and Southwest Asia.9
7772261926Sino-Tibetan Language Family2nd largest language family. Includes Madarin, Thai, Cantonese and Burmese10
7772261927Lingua FrancaA Language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages11
7772261928Literary TraditionA Language that is written as well as spoken12
7772261929MonolingualThe condition of being able to speak only a single language13
7772261930BilingualThe ability to speak two languages14
7772261931MultilingualThe ability to speak multiple languages15
7772261932Official LanguageThe language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.16
7772261933Pidgin LanguageA Form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.17
7772261934Standard LanguageThe form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.18
7772261935Trade LanguageA language, especially a pidgin, used by speakers of different native languages for communication in commercial trade.19
7772261936VernacularUsing a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language. It is usually the language of the common people.20
7772261937Creolea mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages through an earlier pidgin stage21
7772261938DenglishThe term is used in all German-speaking countries to refer to the increasingly strong influx of macaronic (slang) English or pseudo-English vocabulary into German.22
7772261939Franglaisa form of French using many words and idioms borrowed from English.23
7772261940EbonicsAmerican black English regarded as a language in its own right rather than as a dialect of standard English24
7772261941Spanglisha hybrid language combining words and idioms from both Spanish and English, especially Spanish speech that uses many English words and expressions.25
7772261942Institutional LanguageProfessional language (not slang)26
7772261947Vulgar LatinInformal Latin spoken by common folk (farmers, soldiers, etc.) in classical times27
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AP World History Period 6 Part 1 Flashcards

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6718828025W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus GarveyAfrican American leaders with major impact on rising African nationalism0
6718830685NegritudeLiterary movement among African Americans and Africans; combat unfavorable stereotypes of African culture and celebrate African achievements; influenced early African nationalist movements1
6718835985Kellogg-Briand PactMultination treaty, sponsored by American and French leaders, outlawed war(1928)2
6718840503Cubist movementHeaded by Pablo Picasso; rendered familiar objects as geometrical shapes3
6718845270FascismPolitical ideology predominant in Italy Benito Mussolini, (1920s) attacked democracy's weaknesses, corruption and class conflict of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs4
6718859392SyndicalismOrganization of industrial workers to control means of production and distribution5
6718861648Mexican RevolutionChallenged Porfirio Diaz(1910) initiated a revolution after losing fraudulent elections (1910-1920-civil war)6
6718874115Pancho VillaMexican revolutionary leader in northern Mexico after 19107
6718875366Emiliano ZapataMexican revolutionary commander of a guerrilla movement centered at Morelos; demanded sweeping land reform8
6718877176Mexican Constitution of 1917Promised land and educational reform, limited foreign ownership, guaranteed rights for workers, and restricted clerical education and property ownership; never fully implemented9
6718880629Lazaro CardenasMexican president (1934-1940); responsible for large land redistribution create communal farms; began primary and rural education10
6718886220CorridosPopular ballads written to celebrate heroes of the Mexican Revolution11
6718891577CristerosConservative peasant movement in Mexico (1920s) reaction against secularism12
6718898596Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI)inclusive Mexican political party developing from the 1920s; rued for the rest of the 20th century13
6718901793Sovietcouncil of workers; seized the government of St. Petersburg in 1917 to precipitate the Russian Revolution14
6718903765Aleksander KerenskyLiberal revolutionary leader during early stages of Russian Revolution of 1917; attempted development of parliamentary rule- supported continuance war against Germany15
6718907449Russian Communist PartyBolshevik wing of Russian socialists; came to power under Lenin in November 1917 revolution16
6718912241Council of People's CommissarsGovernment council composed of representatives from Russian soviets and headed by Lenin; came to power after November 191717
6718916119Red ArmyUnder leadership(Leon Trotsky); victories secured communist power after early years of turmoil following Russian Revolution18
6718921192New Economic Policy (NEP)Lenin(1921) combined state establishing basic economic policies with individual initiative; allowed food production to recover19
6718924419Supreme SovietCommunist-controlled parliament of the USSR20
6718926401CominternCommunist International - organization under dominance of USSR; designed to encourage spread of communism to rest of world21
6718931224Joseph StalinLenin's successor as leader of USSR; strong nationalist view of communism; crushed opposition to his predominance; ruled USSR until his death in 195322
6718932505CollectivizationCreation of large state-run farms replacing individual holdings; allowed mechanization of agriculture and more efficient control over peasants23
6719015961Yuan ShikaiWarlord in northern China after fall of Qing dynasty; president of China(1912) hoped to become emperor, but blocked by Japanese intervention in China(1916)24
6719024319Sun YatsenHead of Revolutionary Alliance that led 1911 revolt against Qing; president of China in 1911, but yielded to Yuan Shikai in 1912; created the Guomindang in 191925
6719029510May Fourth MovementAcceptance at Versailles of Japanese gains in China during World War I led to demonstrations and beginning movement to create a liberal democracy26
6719036018Guomindang (National Party)Founded by Sun Yatsen (1919) main support from urban businesspeople and merchants; dominated by Chiang Kai-shek after 192527
6719041981Chiang Kai-shekLeader of Guomindang (1925) contested the communists for control of China until defeat (1949)28
6719048800Mao ZedongCommunist leader who advocated role of peasantry in revolution; led Communists to victory and ruled China (1949-1976)29
6719056007Long MarchCommunist retreat under Guomindang pressure(1934); shifted center of communist power to Shanxi province30
6719061440Totalitarian State20th century form of government exercised direct control over all aspects of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and other Communist states31
6719064808Spanish Civil WarCivil war between republican and autocratic supporters; support by Germany and Italy, autocratic regime of Francisco Franco triumphed32
6719070122Import substitution economiesLatin American and other nations' effort to produce what had formerly been imported33
6719080452CorporatismConservative political movement emphasized organic nature of society, with state as mediator between different groups34
6719084789Tojo HidekiJapanese general dominated internal politics from mid-1930s; gave military dominance over civilian cabinets35
6719089968National Socialist (Nazi) Partyfounded by Adolf Hitler in period of Great Depression in Germany36
6719094886BlitzkriegGerman term meaning lightening warfare; involved rapid movement of troops and tanks37
6719097257Vichycollaborationist French government established in Vichy (southern France) 1940 following defeat by Germany38
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AP Language Test #1 Flashcards

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7706263990rhetorical analysisthe careful study of the compositional elements and techniques intended to help interpret a given work.0
7706534570rhetoricthe art of effective or persuasiveness speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other computational techniques.1
7706557596rhetorical triangleEthos goes at the top with speaker. Logos goes with subject on the bottom left. Pathos goes with audience on the bottom right.2
7706590024Aristotle's Triangleanother name for the rhetorical triangle.3
7706600581annotationfootnotes marked with small numbers that give further clues.4
7706604470genrea term used by composition and literature teachers to refer to form specifically forms that have common feature and follow certain conventions of style, presentations, and subject matter.5
7706614445genre sub-categoriesshort story, novel, the tragedy and the comedy the lyric and epic poem.6
7706621397footnotesfootnotes are to help with difficult words, allusions, and references. They provide information about people, places, works, theories, and other unfamiliar that the original audience may have known.7
7706632070conventionpractices or customs commonly used in a genre-like a handshake for a social introduction or a eulogy at a funeral.8
7706638270critical reading strategiespreview the essay write in the margin analyse the illustrations summarize the essay keep a reading journal use the study questions reread the essay9
7706667814MLA citationslast name, first name. "title." source(italics), date of publication, url. acccessed date. list all sources alphabetically you must list all sources that you have cited in your text use a hanging indent.10
7721395950Argumentan arguement can be any text- written, spoken, or visual- that expresses a point of view.11
7721407810Why is language inherently persuasive?because even if all you say is hello, you are indirectly arguing that you deserve a response.12
7721416148Argument purposesTo inform, convince, explore, make descions, meditate or pray.13
7721428184Persuasion vs PropogandaPersuasion is used to describe writing that is aggressively designed to change opinions through the use of reason. Propoganda is writing that sets out to persuade at all costs- abandoning reason, fairness, and truth altogether.14
7721453455Rogerian ArgumentBased on approaching audiences in nonthreatening ways and finding common ground and establishing trust with those who disagree about issues. Win-win!15
7721500523emotion bridgeUsed when writers want to use emotions to connect with readers to assure them that you understand their experiences and to help readers identify with your experiences.16
7721520715Sustaining an argumentemotional appeals, pictures.17
7721539827Why is it difficult to argue about issues such as rape, abortion and gun control?The arguements lack logic; they are all emotion.18
7721546196Why use humor?It helps lighten up the topic and connects with the reader.19
7721552386Difference between humor and ridicule?Humor is an emotional appeal meant to be funny, without offendinding anyone and ridicule is when humor is taken to far and is aimed at a particular target; intended to put down.20
7721818900Why do authors use emotional arguements?They want to connect with the reader, invoke emotions and have the reader sympathize with them.21
7721818901SOAPSToneSubject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker, Tone22
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AP World History (7) Flashcards

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6532180750Philip of Macedoniaruled Macedon from 359 to 336 B.C.E.; founder of centralized kingdom; conquered Greece.0
6532180751Hellenisticculture associated with the spread of Greek influence and intermixture with other cultures as a result of Macedonian conquests.1
6532180752Roman Republicthe balanced political system of Rome from circa 510 to 47 B.C.E.; featured an aristocratic senate, a panel of magistrates, and popular assemblies.2
6532180753Punic Warsthree wars (264-146 B.C.E.) between Rome and the Carthaginians; saw the transformation of Rome from a land to a sea power.3
6532180754Carthagefounded by the Phoenicians in Tunisia; became a major empire in the western Mediterranean; fought the Punic wars with Rome for Mediterranean dominance; defeated and destroyed by the Romans.4
6532180755HannibalCarthaginian general during the second Punic War; invaded Italy but failed to conquer Rome.5
6532180756Julius Caesargeneral responsible for the conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic; assassinated in B.C.E. by conservative senators.6
6532180757Caesar Augustus(63 B.C.E.-14 C.E.) name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome.7
6532180758DiocletianRoman emperor from 284 to 305 C.E.; restored later empire by improved administration and tax collection.8
6532180759ConstantineRoman emperor from 312 to 337 C.E.; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually.9
6532180760Poliscity-state form of government typical of Greek political organization from 800 to 400 B.C.E.10
6532180761Direct democracyliterally, rule of the people—in Athens, it meant all free male citizens; all decisions emanated from the popular assembly without intermediation of elected representatives.11
6532180762Senateassembly of Roman aristocrats; advised on policy within the republic; one of the early elements of the Roman constitution.12
6532180763Consulstwo chief executives of the Roman republic; elected annually by the assembly dominated by the aristocracy.13
6532180764AristotleGreek philosopher; teacher of Alexander; taught that knowledge was based upon observation of phenomena in material world.14
6532180765Ciceroconservative senator and Stoic philosopher; one of the great orators of his day.15
6532180766StoicsHellenistic philosophers; they emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery.16
6532180767SocratesAthenian philosopher of later 5th century B.C.E.; tutor of Plato; urged rational reflection in moral decisions; condemned to death for corrupting minds of Athenian young.17
6532180768SophoclesGreek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex.18
6532180769Iliad and OdysseyGreek epic poems attributed to Homer; defined relations of gods and humans that shaped Greek mythology.19
6532180770Doric, Ionic, Corinthianthree distinct styles of Hellenic architecture; listed in order of increasing ornate quality.20
6532180771bedouinnomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats.21
6532180772shaykhsleaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually possessed large herds, several wives, and many children.22
6532180773MeccaArabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam.23
6532180774Umayyadclan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty.24
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