| 7122682181 | Alliteration | The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables. |  | 0 |
| 7122683604 | Allusion | An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event. |  | 1 |
| 7122683881 | Analogy | An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things. |  | 2 |
| 7122684630 | Anaphora | The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses. |  | 3 |
| 7122686211 | Anecdote | A short account of an interesting event. |  | 4 |
| 7122686598 | Annotation | Explanatory or critical notes added to a text. |  | 5 |
| 7122688760 | Antecedent | The noun to which a later pronoun refers. |  | 6 |
| 7122694610 | Antimetabole | The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast. |  | 7 |
| 7122695783 | Antithesis | Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas. |  | 8 |
| 7122696414 | Aphorism | A short, astute statement of a general truth. |  | 9 |
| 7122697467 | Appositive | A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. |  | 10 |
| 7122698770 | Archaic diction | The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language. |  | 11 |
| 7122704066 | Argument | A statement put forth and supported by evidence. |  | 12 |
| 7122705345 | Aristotelian triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle). |  | 13 |
| 7122705853 | Assertion | An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument. |  | 14 |
| 7122706582 | Assumption | A belief or statement taken for granted without proof. |  | 15 |
| 7122707053 | Asyndeton | Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses. |  | 16 |
| 7122707617 | Attitude | The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone. |  | 17 |
| 7122707618 | Audience | One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed. |  | 18 |
| 7122708815 | Authority | A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge. |  | 19 |
| 7122754231 | Bias | Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue. |  | 20 |
| 7122754748 | Cite | Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source. |  | 21 |
| 7122754805 | Claim | An assertion, usually supported by evidence. |  | 22 |
| 7122757680 | Close Reading | A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text. |  | 23 |
| 7122766150 | Colloquialism: | An informal or conversational use of language. |  | 24 |
| 7122768960 | Common ground | Shared beliefs, values, or positions. |  | 25 |
| 7122772013 | Complex sentence | A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. |  | 26 |
| 7122772417 | Concession | A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding. |  | 27 |
| 7122772997 | Connotation | That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation). |  | 28 |
| 7122776474 | Context | Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning. |  | 29 |
| 7122777276 | Coordination | Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but. |  | 30 |
| 7122777975 | Counterargument | A challenge to a position; an opposing argument. |  | 31 |
| 7122780083 | Cumulative sentence | An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail. |  | 32 |
| 7122783642 | Declarative sentence | A sentence that makes a statement. |  | 33 |
| 7122784543 | Deduction | Reasoning from general to specific. |  | 34 |
| 7122784678 | Denotation | The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition. |  | 35 |
| 7122785148 | Diction | Word Choice |  | 36 |
| 7122785932 | Documentation | Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing. |  | 37 |
| 7122786879 | Elegiac | Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone. |  | 38 |
| 7122787650 | Epigram | A brief witty statement. |  | 39 |
| 7122788223 | Ethos | A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos). |  | 40 |
| 7122788818 | Figurative language | The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect. |  | 41 |
| 7122789310 | Figure of speech | An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning. |  | 42 |
| 7122789964 | Hyperbole | Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis. |  | 43 |
| 7122792773 | Imagery | Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing). |  | 44 |
| 7122793561 | Imperative sentence | A sentence that requests or commands. |  | 45 |
| 7122794086 | Induction | Reasoning from specific to general. |  | 46 |
| 7122794592 | Inversion | A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject. |  | 47 |
| 7122795186 | Irony | A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result. |  | 48 |
| 7122795902 | Juxtaposition | Placement of two things side by side for emphasis. |  | 49 |
| 7122796294 | Logos | A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos) . |  | 50 |
| 7122797324 | Metaphor | A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison. |  | 51 |
| 7122798223 | Metonymy | Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole. |  | 52 |
| 7122800099 | Occasion | An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing. |  | 53 |
| 7122800965 | Oxymoron | A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms. |  | 54 |
| 7200945983 | Paradox | A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true. |  | 55 |
| 7200946521 | Parallelism | The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns. |  | 56 |
| 7200947311 | Parody | A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule. |  | 57 |
| 7200948809 | Pathos | A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals |  | 58 |
| 7200949965 | Persona | The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing. |  | 59 |
| 7200950738 | Personification | Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects. |  | 60 |
| 7200951111 | Polemic | An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion. |  | 61 |
| 7200951762 | Polysyndeton | The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions. |  | 62 |
| 7200952127 | Premise | major, minor two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded. Minor premise: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded |  | 63 |
| 7200952841 | Propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information. |  | 64 |
| 7200955430 | Purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing. |  | 65 |
| 7200958821 | Refute | To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument. |  | 66 |
| 7200959390 | Rhetoric | The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion." |  | 67 |
| 7200959817 | Rhetorical modes | Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation. | | 68 |
| 7200960226 | Rhetorical question | A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer. |  | 69 |
| 7200961914 | Rhetorical triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience |  | 70 |
| 7200962290 | Satire | An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it. |  | 71 |
| 7200962765 | Scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect. |  | 72 |
| 7200965386 | Sentence patterns | The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. |  | 73 |
| 7200966250 | Sentence variety | Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect. |  | 74 |
| 7200967108 | Simile | A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things. |  | 75 |
| 7200967434 | Simple sentence | A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause. |  | 76 |
| 7200968636 | Source | A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information. |  | 77 |
| 7200969089 | Speaker | A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing. |  | 78 |
| 7200969716 | Straw man | A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position. Style: The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.
Subject: In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing. |  | 79 |
| 7200972506 | Subordinate clause | Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause. |  | 80 |
| 7200973121 | Subordination | The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence. |  | 81 |
| 7200973587 | Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor). Syntax: Sentence structure. |  | 82 |
| 7200975323 | Synthesize | Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex. |  | 83 |
| 7200977286 | Thesis | The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer. |  | 84 |
| 7200977974 | Thesis statement | A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit. |  | 85 |
| 7200978473 | Tone | The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience. |  | 86 |
| 7200979064 | Topic sentence | A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis. |  | 87 |
| 7200979599 | Trope | Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech. |  | 88 |
| 7200979901 | Understatement | Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect. |  | 89 |
| 7200980334 | Voice | In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing. |  | 90 |
| 7200981147 | Zeugma | A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence. |  | 91 |
