AP Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7711293715 | Alliteration | Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words | 0 | |
| 7711293716 | allusion (n) | Brief refenerce to a person event, or place. | 1 | |
| 7711293717 | Anaphora | the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. | 2 | |
| 7711293718 | Antimetabole | Repetition of words in reverse order. | 3 | |
| 7711293719 | antithesis (n) | a person or thing that is the direct opposite of something or someone else. | 4 | |
| 7711293720 | archaic diction | old-fashioned or outdated choice of words. | 5 | |
| 7711293721 | Asyndeton | omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. | 6 | |
| 7711293722 | cumulative sentence | a sentence that completes its main clause/thought at the beginning and then adds to it. | 7 | |
| 7711293723 | Hortative sentence | sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action | 8 | |
| 7711293724 | Imperative sentence | sentence used to command or enjoin. | 9 | |
| 7711293725 | Inversion | A reversal of the usual order of words to achieve some kind of emphasis. | 10 | |
| 7711293726 | Juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts. | 11 | |
| 7711293727 | Metaphor | A comparison without using like or as. | 12 | |
| 7711293728 | Oxymoron | A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase. | 13 | |
| 7711293729 | Parallelism | similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. | 14 | |
| 7711293730 | periodic sentence | sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end. | 15 | |
| 7711293731 | Personification | Attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or idea. | 16 | |
| 7711293732 | Rhetorical question | Figure of speech in the firm of a question posed for the rhetorial effect, rather than getting the answer. | 17 | |
| 7711293733 | Synedoche | figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole. | 18 | |
| 7711293734 | Zeugma | Use of two different words in a grammarically similar way that produces different incongruous meanings. | 19 |
Flashcards
AP English language and composition vocab. Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6540569263 | pedagogic | [NOUN] the function or work of a teacher; teaching origin- GREEK |  | 0 |
| 6540569264 | stimulating | [VERB] to rouse to action or effort, as by encouragement or pressure; spur on; incite: origin- LATIN - stimulatus |  | 1 |
| 6540569265 | provocative | [ADJECTIVE] tending or serving to provoke; inciting, stimulating, irritating, or vexing. origin- late Middle English / Late Latin - provocativius |  | 2 |
| 6540569266 | scapegoats | [NOUN] a person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place. origin - ?? scape + goat |  | 3 |
| 6540569267 | picturesque | [ADJECTIVE] visually charming or quaint, as if resembling or suitable for a painting: origin - French / Italian < French pittoresque < Italian pittoresco (pittor (e) painter1+ -esco -esque ), with assimilation to picture |  | 4 |
| 6540569268 | conflagration | [NOUN] a destructive fire, usually an extensive one. origin- Latin |  | 5 |
| 6540569269 | razed | [VERB] to tear down; demolish; level to the ground origin - Middle French / Middle English / Latin |  | 6 |
| 6540569270 | emanate | [VERB] to flow out, issue, or proceed, as from a source or origin; come forth; originate. Origin - Latin |  | 7 |
| 6540569271 | imparts | [VERB] to make known; tell; relate; disclose origin - late Middle English / Latin |  | 8 |
| 6540569272 | irrevocably | [ADJECTIVE] not to be revoked or recalled; unable to be repealed or annulled; unalterable origin - Middle English/Latin |  | 9 |
| 6540569273 | contemplate | [VERB] to consider thoroughly; think fully or deeply about origin- Latin |  | 10 |
| 6540569274 | sullen | [ADJECTIVE] showing irritation or ill humor by a gloomy silence or reserve. origin - Middle English |  | 11 |
| 6540569275 | sophistry | [NOUN] a subtle, tricky, superficially plausible, but generally fallacious method of reasoning. Origin- |  | 12 |
| 6540569276 | tangible | [ADJECTIVE] capable of being touched; discernible by the touch; material or substantial. Origin- Late Latin |  | 13 |
| 6540569277 | galvanized | [VERB] to stimulate by or as if by a galvanic current. Origin- French |  | 14 |
| 6540569278 | colloquially | [ADJECTIVE] characteristic of or appropriate to ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal. origin- colloquy + -al |  | 15 |
| 6540569279 | astonish | [VERB] to fill with sudden and overpowering surprise or wonder; amaze Origin- Middle English, Old French, Latin |  | 16 |
| 6540569280 | litanies | [NOUN] a ceremonial or liturgical form of prayer consisting of a series of invocations or supplications with responses that are the same for a number in succession. Origin - Late Latin / Late Greek |  | 17 |
| 6540569281 | barracks | [NOUN] a building or group of buildings for lodging soldiers, especially in garrison. Origin- French baraque, Middle French < Catalan barraca hut, of obscure origin |  | 18 |
| 6540569282 | consecrated | [VERB] to make or declare sacred; set apart or dedicate to the service of a deity Origin - Middle English / Latin |  | 19 |
AP Language & Composition Terms 1-200 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 3822948944 | absolute phrase | term applied to anything totally independent of influences, limitations, controls, or modifiers; combines a noun and a participle with any accompanying modifiers or objects. | 0 | |
| 3822948945 | active voice | the voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is performing the action or causing the happening denoted by the verb | 1 | |
| 3822948946 | passive voice | the voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is the recipient (not the source) of the action denoted by the verb | 2 | |
| 3822948947 | ad noseum | signifies that the topic in question has been discussed extensively, and that those involved in the discussion have grown tired of it | 3 | |
| 3822948948 | ad hominem | attacking opponent's character instead of arguments | 4 | |
| 3822948949 | ad populum | concludes a proposition to be true because many or most people believe it. In other words, the basic idea of the argument is: "If many believe so, it is so." | 5 | |
| 3822948950 | ad verecundiam | appeal to authority | 6 | |
| 3822948951 | ambiguity | unclearness by virtue of having more than one meaning | 7 | |
| 3822948952 | anecdote | short account of an incident (especially a biographical one) | 8 | |
| 3822948953 | antiphrases | use of word to mean opposite: the use of a word or phrase to mean the opposite of its usual or literal sense, e.g. saying on a rainy day, "What a great day for a picnic!" | 9 | |
| 3822948954 | antithesis | direct opposite: the complete or exact opposite of something; figure of speech: a use of words or phrases that contrast with each other to create a balanced effect | 10 | |
| 3822948955 | aphorism | a short pithy instructive saying | 11 | |
| 3822948956 | appeal to authority | when a person argues that a statement is correct because the statement is made by a person or source that is commonly regarded as authoritative | 12 | |
| 3822948957 | appeal to fear | when a person attempts to create support for his or her idea by using deception and propaganda in attempts to increase fear and prejudice toward a competitor | 13 | |
| 3822948958 | appeal to prejudice | Using loaded or emotive terms to attach value or moral goodness to believing the proposition. "A reasonable person would agree that our income tax is too low." | 14 | |
| 3822948959 | Aristotelian appeals | the means of persuasion as categorized by Greek philosopher Aristotle | 15 | |
| 3822948960 | ethos | refers to the trustworthiness or credibility of the writer or speaker; is often conveyed through tone and style of the message and through the way the writer or speaker refers to differing views; it can also be affected by the writer's reputation as it exists independently from the message--his or her expertise in the field, his or her previous record or integrity, and so forth; the impact is often called the argument's 'ethical appeal' or the 'appeal from credibility. | 16 | |
| 3822948961 | logos | refers to the internal consistency of the message--the clarity of the claim, the logic of its reasons, and the effectiveness of its supporting evidence; the impact on an audience is sometimes called the argument's logical appeal. | 17 | |
| 3822948962 | pathos | is often associated with emotional appeal. But a better equivalent might be 'appeal to the audience's sympathies and imagination"; causes an audience not just to respond emotionally but to identify with the writer's point of view--to feel what the writer feels; evokes a meaning implicit in the verb 'to suffer'--to feel pain imaginatively; refers to both the emotional and the imaginative impact of the message on an audience, the power with which the writer's message moves the audience to decision or action. | 18 | |
| 3822948963 | assertion | also referred to a writer's thesis; the point the writer is attempting to argue | 19 | |
| 3822948964 | atmosphere | the mood, feeling created in the writing | 20 | |
| 3822948965 | attitude | A speaker's, author's, or character's disposition toward or opinion of a subject. | 21 | |
| 3822948966 | audience | One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed. | 22 | |
| 3822948967 | authority | Arguments that draw on recognized experts or persons with highly relevant experience. | 23 | |
| 3822948968 | backing | In Toulmin Arguments, offering background information or evidence to support a warrant. | 24 | |
| 3822948969 | bandwagon | A fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable. | 25 | |
| 3822948970 | beautiful people | A fallacy that uses good looking models or celebrities to attract our attention. Used to imply (but never promise) that if we use the product we will look like models. | 26 | |
| 3822948971 | black-and-white fallacy | Presenting only two choices, with the product or idea being propagated as the better choice. For example: "You're either with us, or against us...." | 27 | |
| 3822948972 | claims | A point the writer is trying to make; that which you are trying to prove | 28 | |
| 3822948973 | cliche | A worn-out idea or overused expression | 29 | |
| 3822948974 | coherence | Clarity and logical consistency within a speech or an argument. | 30 | |
| 3822948975 | climax | That point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest; usually the point at which the conflict is resolved | 31 | |
| 3822948976 | common man | The "plain folks" approach attempts to convince the audience that the propagandist's positions reflect the common sense of the people; use ordinary language and mannerisms (and clothe their message in face-to-face and audiovisual communications) in attempting to identify their point of view with that of the average person; can win the confidence of persons who resent or distrust foreign sounding, intellectual speech, words, or mannerisms."[9] For example, a politician speaking to a Southern United States crowd might incorporate words such as "Y'all" and other colloquialisms to create a perception of belonging | 32 | |
| 3822948977 | demonizing the enemy | Makes individuals from the opposition appear to be subhuman, worthless, or immoral, through suggesting of false accusations | 33 | |
| 3822948978 | detail | Facts revealed by the author or speaker that support the attitude or tone in the work | 34 | |
| 3822948979 | allegory | A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions | 35 | |
| 3822948980 | allusion | A reference to another work of literature, person, or event | 36 | |
| 3822948981 | analogy | A comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification. | 37 | |
| 3822948982 | apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. | 38 | |
| 3822948983 | conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects | 39 | |
| 3822948984 | paradox | A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. | 40 | |
| 3822948985 | personification | A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes | 41 | |
| 3822948986 | onomatopeia | formation or use of words that imitate sounds of the actions to which they refer | 42 | |
| 3822948987 | oxymoron | A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction. | 43 | |
| 3822948988 | imagery | Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) | 44 | |
| 3822948989 | irony | A contrast or discrepancy between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen. | 45 | |
| 3822948990 | setting | The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs. | 46 | |
| 3822948991 | simile | A comparison of two unlike things using "like" or "as" | 47 | |
| 3822948992 | verbal irony | Irony in which a person says or writes one thing and means another, or uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of the literal meaning. | 48 | |
| 3822948993 | understatement | A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means; the opposite of exaggeration. | 49 | |
| 3822948994 | hyperbole | A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor | 50 | |
| 3822948995 | idiom | A work or phrase that has a special meaning different from its standard or dictionary meaning. | 51 | |
| 3822948996 | concrete detail | A highly specific, particular, often real, actual, or tangible detail; the opposite of abstract. | 52 | |
| 3822948997 | dramatic irony | In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work | 53 | |
| 3822948998 | extended metaphor | A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem | 54 | |
| 3822948999 | figurative language | Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling. | 55 | |
| 3822949000 | diction | A speaker or writer's choice of words (formal, informal, colloquial, full of slang, poetic, ornate, plain, abstract, concrete, etc.); has a powerful effect on tone | 56 | |
| 3822949001 | abstract | theoretical, not applied or practical; not concrete | 57 | |
| 3822949002 | metaphor | A comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared. | 58 | |
| 3822949004 | alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds | 59 | |
| 3822949005 | assonance | Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity | 60 | |
| 3822949006 | colloquial | Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing | 61 | |
| 3822949007 | concrete | relating to or involving specific people, things, or actions rather than general ideas or qualities | 62 | |
| 3822949008 | connotation | All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests | 63 | |
| 3822949009 | contemptuous | Expressing disdain; showing a lack of respect | 64 | |
| 3822949010 | contrastive | Containing or forming a contrast; contrasting. | 65 | |
| 3822949011 | denotation | Literal meaning of a word | 66 | |
| 3822949012 | dialect | A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. | 67 | |
| 3822949013 | didactic | A term used to describe fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking. | 68 | |
| 3822949014 | dissonance | a harsh and disagreeable combination, especially of sounds | 69 | |
| 3822949015 | formal | following or according with established form, custom, or rule; suited for serious or official speech & writing | 70 | |
| 3822949016 | informal | relaxed in tone; not suited for serious or official speech and writing | 71 | |
| 3822949017 | monosyllabic | Having only one syllable | 72 | |
| 3822949018 | nostalgic | Longing for the past | 73 | |
| 3822949019 | polysyllabic | Having many syllables | 74 | |
| 3822949020 | sardonic | cynical; scornfully mocking | 75 | |
| 3822949021 | synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword). | 76 | |
| 3822949022 | synesthesia | A rhetorical trope involving shifts in imagery. It involves taking one type of sensory input (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) and comingling it with another separate sense in an impossible way | 77 | |
| 3822949023 | tautology | a repetition, a redundancy, a circular argument | 78 | |
| 3822949024 | vernacular | the everyday speech of the people (as distinguished from literary language) | 79 | |
| 3822949025 | epigram | a concise but ingenious, witty, and thoughtful statement; often paradoxical in nature | 80 | |
| 3822949026 | epigraph | a quotation set at the beginning of a literary work or one of its divisions to suggest its theme | 81 | |
| 3822949027 | flag-waving | the attempt to persuade the audience to choose a particular product because doing so will be an exhibit of patriotism or good citizenship | 82 | |
| 3822949028 | genre | a category or type of literature (or of art, music, etc.) characterized by a particular form, style, or content | 83 | |
| 3822949029 | glittering generalities | use of intensely emotionally appealing words so closely associated with highly valued concepts and beliefs that they carry conviction without supporting information or reason; ", At this defining moment in our history, preparing our children to compete in the global economy is one of the most urgent challenges we face." | 84 | |
| 3822949030 | half-truth | a statement that deceives an audience by revealing part of the truth, but mixing the truth with a lie | 85 | |
| 3822949031 | homily | a sermon stressing moral principles; a tedious moralizing lecture or discourse | 86 | |
| 3822949032 | implication | a suggestion an author or speaker makes (implies) without stating it directly; the author/sender implies; the reader/audience infers. | 87 | |
| 3822949033 | inference | a conclusion one can draw from the presented details | 88 | |
| 3822949034 | intentional vagueness | generalities are deliberately vague so that the audience may supply its own interpretations- intention is to move the audience by use of undefined phrases without analyzing their validity | 89 | |
| 3822949035 | invective | a strong denunciation or condemnation; abusive language; abusive, vituperative | 90 | |
| 3822949036 | jargon | language used by a special group; technical terminology; gibberish | 91 | |
| 3822949037 | juxtaposition | A poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another for comparison or emphasis | 92 | |
| 3822949038 | euphemism | use of an inoffensive word or phrase in place of a more distasteful one | 93 | |
| 3822949039 | dysphemism | a coarse or rude way of saying something. The opposite of euphemism. e.g., Saying "croak" instead of "die." | 94 | |
| 3822949040 | guilt by association | a person is judged because of his associations, his friends, his family, not because of anything he has done | 95 | |
| 3822949041 | litotes | a form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite | 96 | |
| 3822949042 | logical fallacies | an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid. | 97 | |
| 3822949043 | begging the question | occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim; often called circular reasoning; "So when you say that he's lying, are you saying that he isn't telling the truth?" | 98 | |
| 3822949044 | either-or reasoning | When the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives. | 99 | |
| 3822949045 | false dilemma | A fallacy of logical argument which is committed when too few of the available alternatives are considered, and all but one are assessed and deemed impossible or unacceptable; e.g. A father speaking to his son says, "Are you going to go to college and make something of yourself, or are you going to end up being an unemployable bum like me?" The dilemma is the son's supposed choice limitation: either he goes to college or he will be a bum. The dilemma is false, because the alternative of not going to college but still being employable has not been considered. | 100 | |
| 3822949046 | generalization | A broad statement that applies to many individuals, experiences, situations, or observations. A kind of conclusion that is drawn after considering as many facts as possible. | 101 | |
| 3822949047 | non-sequitor | a statement that does not follow logicaly from what has been said; that is a conclusion that does not follow from the premises | 102 | |
| 3822949048 | post hoc | Assuming that an incident that precedes another is the cause of the second incident | 103 | |
| 3822949049 | red-herring | any diversion intended to distract attention from the main issue | 104 | |
| 3822949050 | malapropism | A blunder in speech caused by the substitution of a word for another that is similar in sound but different in meaning. | 105 | |
| 3822949051 | maxim | A general truth or rule of conduct; a short saying | 106 | |
| 3822949052 | metonymy | A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty"). | 107 | |
| 3822949053 | mood | Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader | 108 | |
| 3822949054 | motif | A recurring element, such as an image, theme, or type of incident. | 109 | |
| 3822949055 | name-calling | a method of propaganda that is an attempt to turn people against and opponent or an idea by using unpleasant labels or descriptions for that person or idea | 110 | |
| 3822949056 | organization | arrangement of the ideas of a text | 111 | |
| 3822949057 | deductive reasoning | reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.) | 112 | |
| 3822949058 | exemplification | A rhetorical strategy that is the fundamental way a writer can illustrate, support, and clarify ideas that include referring to a sample, detail, person or typical event. | 113 | |
| 3822949059 | inductive reasoning | Decision making process in which ideas are processed from the specific to the general. | 114 | |
| 3822949060 | syllogism | A form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them; it is the format of a formal argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. Example: Major Premise: All tragedies end unhappily. Minor Premise: Hamlet is a tragedy. Conclusion: Therefore, Hamlet ends unhappily. | 115 | |
| 3822949061 | pace | the speed at which an author tells a story | 116 | |
| 3822949062 | parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. | 117 | |
| 3822949063 | parenthetical | a comment that interrupts the immediate subject, often to qualify or explain | 118 | |
| 3822949064 | pedantic | words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. | 119 | |
| 3822949065 | philippic | insulting language; a tirade | 120 | |
| 3822949066 | polysyndeton | Deliberate use of many conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted. Hemingway and the Bible both use extensively. Ex. "he ran and jumped and laughed for joy" | 121 | |
| 3822949067 | point of view | the perspective from which a story is told | 122 | |
| 3822949068 | first person | The narrator is a character in the story who can reveal only personal thoughts and feelings and what he or she sees and is told by other characters. He can't tell us thoughts of other characters; utilizes pronouns I, me, we, our, us | 123 | |
| 3822949069 | objective | Factual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased | 124 | |
| 3822949070 | observer | character who is not "involved" in the actions of a story; can form a type of bias that occurs when an his/her expectations, past experience, and motives or other personal factors interfere with the accuracy of their observations | 125 | |
| 3822949071 | participant | character who is experiencing the actions of a story | 126 | |
| 3822949072 | second person | The narrator tells a listener what he/she has done or said, using the personal pronoun "you." This point of view is rare. | 127 | |
| 3822949073 | subjective | An opinion based on personal preferences and value judgements | 128 | |
| 3822949074 | third person | A point of view that presents the events of the story from outside of any single character's perception, much like the omniscient point of view, but the reader must understand the action as it takes place and without any special insight into characters' minds or motivations. | 129 | |
| 3822949075 | propaganda | Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. | 130 | |
| 3822949076 | prose | Ordinary speech or writing without rhyme or meter; referring to speech or writing other than verse (poetry) | 131 | |
| 3822949077 | pun | a play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings. | 132 | |
| 3822949078 | purpose | the author's reason for writing: to entertain, inform, persuade, etc. | 133 | |
| 3822949079 | repetition | Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis | 134 | |
| 3822949080 | rhetorical devices | a technique that an author or speaker uses to convey to the listener or reader a meaning with the goal of persuading him or her towards considering a topic from a different perspective | 135 | |
| 3822949081 | rhetorical modes | the variety, the conventions, and the purpose of the major kinds of writing; four most common of these include exposition, argumentation, description, and narration. | 136 | |
| 3822949082 | cause-effect | a relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another | 137 | |
| 3822949083 | compare-contrast | arranges sets of information according to how similar or different they are | 138 | |
| 3822949084 | definition | A method of informing that explains something by identifying its meaning | 139 | |
| 3822949085 | description/narration | Methods of discourse in which any careful detailing of a person, place, thing, or event is used. | 140 | |
| 3822949086 | division/classification | arrangement of ideas that either explains how parts relate to a whole OR establishes categories into which items can be sorted according to characteristics | 141 | |
| 3822949087 | persuasion | A form of argumentation, language intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion | 142 | |
| 3822949088 | process analysis | A method of paragraph or essay development by which a writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something. | 143 | |
| 3822949089 | sarcasm | From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh,"; involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device; can be witty and insightful; when poorly done, it is simply cruel. | 144 | |
| 3822949090 | satire | A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies. | 145 | |
| 3822949091 | scapegoat | A person or group that bears the blame for another | 146 | |
| 3822949092 | semantics | Meaning of words and sentences | 147 | |
| 3822949093 | slippery slope | Arguments suggest that one thing will lead to another, oftentimes with disastrous results | 148 | |
| 3822949094 | slogan | a phrase which expresses the purpose or nature of an organization; a motto; a catch phrase | 149 | |
| 3822949095 | stereotyping | An exaggeration of one characteristic, which becomes the "only" characteristic; strips person of complexity | 150 | |
| 3822949096 | straw man | a logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position | 151 | |
| 3822949097 | structure | the way something is arranged or organized | 152 | |
| 3822949098 | style | A way of expressing something that is characteristic of a particular person or group of people or period. | 153 | |
| 3822949099 | syllepsis | A construction in which one word is used in two different senses ("After he threw the ball, he threw a fit.") | 154 | |
| 3822949100 | symbol | A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract. | 155 | |
| 3822949101 | syntax | Sentence structure | 156 | |
| 3822949102 | anaphora | A rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word or phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines, clauses, or sentences. | 157 | |
| 3822949103 | antecedent | A word, phrase, or clause to which a following pronoun refers. Ex: Iris tried, but she couldn't find the book. (Iris is the antecedent.) | 158 | |
| 3822949104 | appositive | A word or phrase that renames a noun or pronoun for emphasis or clarity; usually follows the noun to which it refers | 159 | |
| 3822949105 | asyndeton | Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words; parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence; takes the form of X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z. EX: Be one of the few, the proud, the Marines.; We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardships, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. | 160 | |
| 3822949106 | balanced sentence | The phrases or clauses balance each other by virtue of their likeness or structure, meaning, or length. Ex. "He maketh me to lie down in green pastures; he leadeth me beside the still waters." | 161 | |
| 3822949107 | chiasmus | A statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed ("Susan walked in, and out rushed Mary.") | 162 | |
| 3822949108 | clause | (grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence | 163 | |
| 3822949109 | complex sentence | A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause | 164 | |
| 3822949110 | complement | A word or word group that completes the predicate in a sentence. | 165 | |
| 3822949111 | compound sentence | A sentence that contains at least two independent clauses but no dependent clauses. | 166 | |
| 3822949112 | compound-complex sentence | A sentence with two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. | 167 | |
| 3822949113 | cumulative sentence | A sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases (main clause is at the beginning) | 168 | |
| 3822949114 | declarative sentence | A sentence that makes a statement or declaration. | 169 | |
| 3822949115 | ellipsis | Leaving out elements of a sentence; indicated by 3 periods. | 170 | |
| 3822949116 | exclamatory sentence | A sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark. | 171 | |
| 3822949117 | imperative sentence | A sentence that gives a command or makes a request. | 172 | |
| 3822949118 | independent clause | A clause that can stand alone as a sentence. | 173 | |
| 3822949119 | interrogative | A sentence that asks a question. | 174 | |
| 3822949120 | inverted sentence | A sentence in which the subject follows the verb. | 175 | |
| 3822949121 | object complement | follows a direct object and describes or identifies it by answering the question "what?"; can be adjectives, nouns, or pronouns | 176 | |
| 3822949122 | parallel structure | the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures | 177 | |
| 3822949123 | periodic sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety. | 178 | |
| 3822949124 | predicate adjective | An adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject. | 179 | |
| 3822949125 | predicate nominative | A noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames or identifies the subject. | 180 | |
| 3822949126 | rhetorical question | A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer. | 181 | |
| 3822949127 | scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect. | 182 | |
| 3822949128 | sentence length | Sentences may be long, complex, and elaborate, or short and simple. Variety adds effect or emphasis. | 183 | |
| 3822949129 | simple sentence | A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause. | 184 | |
| 3822949130 | solecism | grammatical mistake; blunder in speech | 185 | |
| 3822949131 | subject complement | is a word or group of words that follows a linking verb and renames or describes the subject | 186 | |
| 3822949132 | subordinate clause | A clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb. | 187 | |
| 3822949133 | testimonial | when an important person or famous figure endorses a product | 188 | |
| 3822949134 | theme | central idea of a work of literature | 189 | |
| 3822949135 | thesis | In expository writing, the this is the sentence or a group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. Expository writing is usually judged by analyzing how accurately, effectively, and thoroughly a writer has proved the thesis. | 190 | |
| 3822949136 | tone | attitudes and presuppositions of the author that are revealed by their linguistic choices (diction, syntax, rhetorical devices) | 191 | |
| 3822949137 | transfer | associating a person or idea with something everyone thinks is good | 192 | |
| 3822949138 | trope | A figure of speech using words in non-literal ways, such as a metaphor | 193 | |
| 3822949139 | virtue words | words in the value system of the target audience which tend to produce a positive image when attached to a person or issue. EX- peace | 194 | |
| 3822949140 | voice | a writer's distinctive use of language that conveys a distinct personality | 195 | |
| 3822949141 | warrants | assumptions that act as links between the evidence and the claim | 196 | |
| 3822949142 | weasel words | terms or phrases intended to mislead listeners by implying something that they don't actually say | 197 | |
| 3822949143 | wit | an ability to say or write things that are clever and usually funny | 198 | |
| 3822949144 | zeugma | A minor device in which two or more elements in a sentence are tied together by the same verb or noun; are especially acute if the noun or verb does not have the exact same meaning in both parts of the sentence. "She dashed his hopes and out of his life when she waked through the door." | 199 |
AP Language Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4964255179 | rhetoric | The art of using language effectively and persuasively | 0 | |
| 4964197774 | occasion | the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written | 1 | |
| 4964197775 | context | circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text | 2 | |
| 4964199677 | purpose | the goal the speaker wants to achieve | 3 | |
| 4964203791 | rhetorical/aristotelian triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience | 4 | |
| 4964248884 | subject | topic of a text, what the text is about | 5 | |
| 4964255180 | text | any cultural product that can be "read", includes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, cartoons, fine art, etc | 6 | |
| 4964203792 | speaker | the person or group who creates a text | 7 | |
| 4964206292 | persona | Greek for "mask", face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience | 8 | |
| 4964206293 | audience | the listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts have more than one of this | 9 | |
| 4964206294 | SOAPs | A mnemonic device that stands for Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, and Speaker. It is a handy way to remember the various elements that make up the rhetorical situation. | 10 | |
| 4964210330 | rhetorical appeals | techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion). | 11 | |
| 4964210331 | ethos | credible and trustworthy | 12 | |
| 4964210332 | logos | clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up. | 13 | |
| 4964210333 | pathos | an appeal to emotion | 14 | |
| 4964230736 | counterargument | A challenge to a position; an opposing argument. A strong writer will address this in his or her text. | 15 | |
| 4964230737 | concession | acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. | 16 | |
| 4964233235 | refutation | A denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, they often follow a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. | 17 | |
| 4964235591 | polemical | controversial; argumentative | 18 | |
| 4964235592 | propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information. | 19 | |
| 4964242745 | connotations | All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests, feelings and associations that go beyond the dictionary definition of a word | 20 |
Ap literature Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7376227517 | Act | Division of a play | 0 | |
| 7376227518 | Antagonist | A character or force in conflict with the main character | 1 | |
| 7376227519 | Climax | the most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex. | 2 | |
| 7376227520 | epilogue | short concluding section in a literary work | 3 | |
| 7376227521 | Farce | a play filled with ridiculous or absurd happenings intended to make the audience laugh | 4 | |
| 7376227522 | Hubris | excessive pride or self-confidence | 5 | |
| 7376227523 | Protagonist | the main character in a literary work | 6 | |
| 7376227524 | Soliloquy | A long speech expressing the internist thoughts of the main character | 7 | |
| 7376227525 | Villain | an evil or wicked person or character, especially in a story or play | 8 | |
| 7376227526 | Connotation | the implied or associative meaning of a word | 9 | |
| 7376227527 | dialogue | Conversation between two or more characters | 10 | |
| 7376227528 | Invective | abusive language usually from a poet | 11 | |
| 7376227529 | Mood | Elements that evoke feelings in the readers | 12 | |
| 7376227530 | Pun | A play on words | 13 | |
| 7376227531 | Slang | an informal, often short-lived kind of language used in place of standard words | 14 | |
| 7376227532 | Anecdote | a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person | 15 | |
| 7376227533 | Flashback | present action is temporarily interrupted so that past events can be described | 16 | |
| 7376227534 | First person | the narrator is a character in the story and uses pronouns such as I and we | 17 | |
| 7376227535 | objective point of view | is not in the story and can only say what can be inferred | 18 | |
| 7376227536 | omniscient point of view | the narrator is all knowing and can enter the minds of multiple characters | 19 | |
| 7376227537 | Limited point of view | the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character | 20 | |
| 7376227538 | third person | Point of view in which the narrator is outside of the story - an observer | 21 | |
| 7376227539 | Theme | Central idea of a work of literature | 22 | |
| 7376227540 | euphimism | PC expressions to refer to other names Such as Kick the bucket is death | 23 | |
| 7376227541 | Onomatopoeia | A word that imitates the sound it represents. | 24 | |
| 7376227542 | Symbol | anything that stands for or represents something else | 25 |
AP Language and Composition TERMS Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7250726645 | abstract / concrete | Patterns of language reflect an author's word choice. | 0 | |
| 7250726646 | acronym | a word formed from the first or first few letters of several words, as in OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries). | 1 | |
| 7250726647 | action | Sequence of happenings or events. | 2 | |
| 7250726648 | alliteration | the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words placed closely next to each other, as in "what a tale of terror now their turbulency tells." Prose that is highly rhythmical or "poetic" often makes use of this method. | 3 | |
| 7250726649 | allusion | Literary, biographical, or historical reference, whether real or imaginary. | 4 | |
| 7250726650 | analogy | Form of comparison that uses clear illustration to explain a difficult idea or function. | 5 | |
| 7250726651 | analysis | A method of exposition in which a subject is broken up into its parts to explain their nature, function, proportion, or relationship. | 6 | |
| 7250726652 | anecdote | a brief, engaging account of some happening, often historical, biographical, or personal. As a technique in writing it is especially effective in creating interesting essay introductions and also in illuminating abstract concepts in the body of the essay. | 7 | |
| 7250726653 | antecedent | in grammar refers to the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers, in writing, it also refers to any happening or thing that is prior to another or to anything that logically precedes a subject. | 8 | |
| 7250726654 | antithesis | the balancing of one idea or term against another for emphasis. | 9 | |
| 7250726655 | antonym | a word whose meaning is opposite to that of another word. | 10 | |
| 7250726656 | aphorism | a short, pointed statement expressing a general truism of an idea in an original or imaginative way. Marshall McLuhan's statement that "the medium is the message" is a well-known contemporary example. | 11 | |
| 7250726657 | archaic | language is vocabulary or usage that belongs to an earlier period and is old-fashioned today. the word "thee" for "you" is an example that is still in use in certain situations. | 12 | |
| 7250726658 | archetypes | Special images or symbols that, according to Carl Jung, appeal to the total racial or cultural understanding of the people. | 13 | |
| 7250726659 | argumentation | A formal variety of writing that offers reasons for or against something. | 14 | |
| 7250726660 | assonance | Likeness or rough similarity of sound. | 15 | |
| 7250726661 | assumption | Anything taken for granted or presumed to be accepted by the audience and therefore unstated. | 16 | |
| 7250726662 | audience | Readership toward which an author directs his or her essay. | 17 | |
| 7250726663 | balance | The assignment of equal treatment in the arrangement of coordinate ideas. | 18 | |
| 7250726664 | begging the question | an error or a fallacy in reasoning and argumentation in which the writer assumes as a truth something for which evidence or proof is actually needed. | 19 | |
| 7250726665 | causal analysis | Form of writing that examines causes and effects of events or conditions as they relate to a specific subject. | 20 | |
| 7250726666 | characterization | The creation of people involved in the action. | 21 | |
| 7250726667 | chronology / chronological order | The arrangement of events in the order in which they happened. | 22 | |
| 7250726668 | cinematic technique | Application of film art to the development of the contemporary essay. | 23 | |
| 7250726669 | classification | Form of exposition in which writer's divides a subject into categories and then group elements in each of those categories according to their relationships with one another. | 24 | |
| 7250726670 | cliche | an expression that once was fresh and original but that has lost much of its vitality through overuse. Because expressions like "as quick as a wink" and "blew her stack" are trite or common today, they should be avoided in writing. | 25 | |
| 7250726671 | climactic ordering | The arrangement of a paragraph or essay so that the most important items are saved for last. | 26 | |
| 7250726672 | coherence | Effective writing that results from the careful ordering of each sentence in a paragraph and each paragraph in the essay. | 27 | |
| 7250726673 | colloquial language | conversational language used in certain types of informal and narrative writing but rarely in essays, business writing, or research writing. Expressions like "cool", "pal" or "I can dig it" often have a place in conversational settings. However, they should be use sparingly in essay writing for special effects. | 28 | |
| 7250726674 | comparison / contrast | An essay pattern treats similarities and differences between two subjects. | 29 | |
| 7250726675 | conclusion | The ending of an essay. | 30 | |
| 7250726676 | conflict | in narrative writing, the clash or opposition of events, characters, or ideas that makes the resolution of action necessary. | 31 | |
| 7250726677 | connotation / denotation | Terms specifying the way a word has meaning. | 32 | |
| 7250726678 | context | the situation surrounding a word, group of words, or sentence. Often the elements coming before or after a certain confusing or difficult construction will provide insight into the meaning of importance of that item. | 33 | |
| 7250726679 | coordination | in sentence structure refers to the grammatical arrangement of parts of the same order or equality in rank. | 34 | |
| 7250726680 | declarative sentence | A statement or assertion. | 35 | |
| 7250726681 | deduction | a form of logic that begins with a generally stated truth or principle and then offers details, examples, and reasoning to support the generalization. In other words, it is based on reasoning from a known principle to an unknown principle, from the general to the specific, or from a premise to a logical conclusion. | 36 | |
| 7250726682 | definition | The extension of a word's meaning through a paragraph or an entire essay. | 37 | |
| 7250726683 | description | A variety of writing that uses details of sigh , sound, color, smell, taste, and touch to create a word picture and to explain or illustrate an idea. | 38 | |
| 7250726684 | development | The way a paragraph or an essay elaborates or builds upon a topic or theme. | 39 | |
| 7250726685 | dialogue | The reproduction of speech or conversation between two or more persons in writing. | 40 | |
| 7250726686 | diction | the manner of expression in words, choice of words, or wording. Writers much choose vocabulary carefully and precisely to communicate a message and also to address an intended audience effectively. | 41 | |
| 7250726687 | digression | a temporary departure from the main subject in writing. It must serve a purpose or be intended for a specific effect. | 42 | |
| 7250726688 | discourse (forms of) | The main categories of writing-narration, description, exposition, and argumentation. | 43 | |
| 7250726689 | division | Aspect of classification in which the writer divides some large subject into categories. | 44 | |
| 7250726690 | dominant impression | The main impression or effect that writers attempt to create for their subject. | 45 | |
| 7250726691 | editorializing | to express personal opinions about the subject of the essay. It can have a useful effect in writing, but at other times an author might want to reduce it in favor of a better balanced or more objective tone. | 46 | |
| 7250726692 | effect | Term used in casual analysis to describe the outcome or expected result of a chain of happenings. | 47 | |
| 7250726693 | emphasis | The placement of the most important ideas in key positions in the essay. | 48 | |
| 7250726694 | episodic | Variety of narrative writing that develops through a series of incidents or events. | 49 | |
| 7250726695 | essay | the name given to a short prose work on a limited topic. They take many forms, ranging from personal narratives to critical or argumentative treatments of a subject. Normally they convey the writer's personal ideas about the subject. | 50 | |
| 7250726696 | etymology | the origin and development of a word -- tracing a word back as far as possible. | 51 | |
| 7250726697 | evidence | material offered to support an argument or a proposition; typical examples include facts, details, and expert testimony. | 52 | |
| 7250726698 | example | Method of exposition in which the writer offers illustrations in order to explain a generalization or a whole thesis. | 53 | |
| 7250726699 | exclamatory sentences | Sentences that express surprise or strong emotion. | 54 | |
| 7250726700 | expert testimony | The use of statements by the authorities to support a writer's position or idea. | 55 | |
| 7250726701 | exposition | A major form of discourse that informs or explains. | 56 | |
| 7250726702 | extended metaphor | a figurative comparison that is used to structure a significant part of the composition or the whole essay. | 57 | |
| 7250726703 | fable | a form of narrative containing a moral that normally appears clearly at the end. | 58 | |
| 7250726704 | fallacy | An error in logic or in the reasoning process. | 59 | |
| 7250726705 | figurative language | A special approach to writing that departs from what is typically a concrete, straight-forward style. | 60 | |
| 7250726706 | flashback | A narrative technique in which the writer begins at some point in the action and then moves into the past in order to provide crucial information about characters and events. | 61 | |
| 7250726707 | foreshadow | A technique that indicates beforehand what is to occur at a later point in the essay. | 62 | |
| 7250726708 | frame | The use of a key object or pattern- typically at the start and end of an essay- that serves as a border or structure for the substance of the composition. | 63 | |
| 7250726709 | general / specific words | The basis of writing. | 64 | |
| 7250726710 | generalization | A broad idea or statement. | 65 | |
| 7250726711 | genre | a type or form of literature -- for example, short fiction, novel, poetry, or drama. | 66 | |
| 7250726712 | grammatical structure | A systematic description of language as it relates to the grammatical nature of a sentence. | 67 | |
| 7250726713 | horizontal / vertical | The basic way a writer moves either from one generalization to another in a carefully related series of generalizations (horizontal) or from a generalization to a series of specific supporting examples (vertical). | 68 | |
| 7250726714 | hortatory style | A variety of writing designed to encourage, give advice, or urge to good deeds. | 69 | |
| 7250726715 | hyperbole | A form of figurative language that uses exaggeration to overstate a position. | 70 | |
| 7250726716 | hypothetical examples | Illustrations in the form of assumptions that are based on the hypothesis. | 71 | |
| 7250726717 | identification | A method of exposition refers to focusing on the main subject of the essay. | 72 | |
| 7250726718 | idiomatic language | The language or dialect of a people, region, or class-the individual nature of a language. | 73 | |
| 7250726719 | ignoring the question | A fallacy that involves the avoidance of the main issue by developing an entirely different one. | 74 | |
| 7250726720 | illustration | The use of one or more examples to support an idea. | 75 | |
| 7250726721 | imagery | Clear, vivid description that appeals to the sense of sight, smell, touch, sound or taste. | 76 | |
| 7250726722 | induction | A method of logic consisting of the presentation of a series of facts, pieces of information, or instances in order to formulate or build a likely generalization. | 77 | |
| 7250726723 | inference | involves arriving at a decision or opinion by reasoning from known facts or evidence. | 78 | |
| 7250726724 | interrogative sentences | Sentences that ask or pose a question. | 79 | |
| 7250726725 | introduction | The beginning or opening of an essay. | 80 | |
| 7250726726 | irony | The use of language to suggest the opposite of what is stated. | 81 | |
| 7250726727 | issue | The main question upon which an entire argument rests. | 82 | |
| 7250726728 | jargon | special words associated with a specific area of knowledge or a particular profession. Writers who employ this either assume that readers know specialized terms or take care to define terms for the benefit of the audience. | 83 | |
| 7250726729 | juxtaposition | A technique in writing or essay organization is the placing of elements-either similar or contrasting- close together, positioning them side in order to illuminate the subject. | 84 | |
| 7250726730 | levels of language | 85 | ||
| 7250726731 | linear order | 86 | ||
| 7250726732 | listing | 87 | ||
| 7250726733 | logic | 88 | ||
| 7250726734 | metaphor | 89 | ||
| 7250726735 | metonymy | a figure of language in which a thing is not designated by its own name but by another associated with or suggested by it, as in "The Supreme Court has decided" (meaning the judges of the Supreme Court have decided). | 90 | |
| 7250726736 | mood | 91 | ||
| 7250726737 | motif | 92 | ||
| 7250726738 | myth | 93 | ||
| 7250726739 | narration | 94 | ||
| 7250726740 | non sequitur | 95 | ||
| 7250726741 | objective / subjective | 96 | ||
| 7250726742 | onomatopoeia | 97 | ||
| 7250726743 | order | 98 | ||
| 7250726744 | overstatement | 99 | ||
| 7250726745 | paradox | 100 | ||
| 7250726746 | paragraph | 101 | ||
| 7250726747 | parallelism | 102 | ||
| 7250726748 | paraphrase | 103 | ||
| 7250726749 | parenthetical | 104 | ||
| 7250726750 | parody | 105 | ||
| 7250726751 | periphrasis | 106 | ||
| 7250726752 | persona | 107 | ||
| 7250726753 | personification | 108 | ||
| 7250726754 | persuasion | 109 | ||
| 7250726755 | point of view | 110 | ||
| 7250726756 | post hoc, ergo propter hoc | in logic it is the fallacy of thinking that a happening that follows another must be its result. it arises from a confusion about the logical causal relationship. | 111 | |
| 7250726757 | process analysis | 112 | ||
| 7250726758 | progression | 113 | ||
| 7250726759 | proportion | 114 | ||
| 7250726760 | proposition | 115 | ||
| 7250726761 | purpose | 116 | ||
| 7250726762 | refutation | 117 | ||
| 7250726763 | repetition | 118 | ||
| 7250726764 | rhetoric | the art of using words effectively in speaking or writing. it is also the art of literary composition, particularly in prose, including both figures of speech and such strategies as comparison and contrast, definition, and analysis. | 119 | |
| 7250726765 | rhetorical question | a question asked only to emphasize a point, introduce a topic, or provoke thought, but not to elicit an answer. | 120 | |
| 7250726766 | rhythm | in prose writing it is a regular recurrence of elements or features in sentences, creating a patterned emphasis, balance, or contrast. | 121 | |
| 7250726767 | sarcasm | 122 | ||
| 7250726768 | satire | the humorous or critical treatment of a subject in order to expose the subject's vices, follies, stupidities, and so forth. Its intention is to reform by exposing the subject to comedy or ridicule. | 123 | |
| 7250726769 | sensory language | language that appeals to any of the five senses--sight, sound, touch, taste, or smell. | 124 | |
| 7250726770 | sentimentality | in prose writing it is the excessive display of emotion, whether intended or unintended. Because it can distort the true nature of a situation or an idea, writers should use it caustiusly, or not at all. | 125 | |
| 7250726771 | series | 126 | ||
| 7250726772 | setting | 127 | ||
| 7250726773 | simile | a figurative comparison using "like" or "as". | 128 | |
| 7250726774 | slang | a kind of language that uses racy or colorful expressions associated more often with speech than with writing. it is colloquial English and should be used in essay writing only to reproduce dialogue or to create a special effect. | 129 | |
| 7250726775 | spatial order | 130 | ||
| 7250726776 | statistics | 131 | ||
| 7250726777 | style | 132 | ||
| 7250726778 | subordination | 133 | ||
| 7250726779 | syllogism | an argument or form of reasoning in which two statements or premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them. As such, it is a form of deductive logic--reasoning from the general to the particular. | 134 | |
| 7250726780 | symbol | 135 | ||
| 7250726781 | synonym | 136 | ||
| 7250726782 | theme | the central idea in an essay; it is also termed the thesis. Everything in an essay should support this in one way or another. | 137 | |
| 7250726783 | thesis | the main idea in an essay; when stated as a sentence it appears early in an essay (normally somewhere in the first paragraph) serving to convey the main idea to the reader in a clear and emphatic manner. | 138 | |
| 7250726784 | tone | the writer's attitude toward his or her subject or material. An essay writer may have an objective one, subjective, comic, ironic, nostalgic, critical, or a reflection of numerous other attitudes. it is the voice that writers give to an essay. | 139 | |
| 7250726785 | topic sentence | the main idea that a paragraph develops; not all paragraphs have one, often the topic is implied. | 140 | |
| 7250726786 | transition | 141 | ||
| 7250726787 | understatement | a method of making a weaker statement than is warranted by truth, accuracy, or importance. | 142 | |
| 7250726788 | unity | 143 | ||
| 7250726789 | usage | 144 | ||
| 7250726790 | voice | the way you express your ideas to the reader, the ton you take in addressing your audience; it reflects your attitude toward both your subject and your readers. | 145 |
AP Literature: Lesson 1 Definitions Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7271361659 | Altruistic | Unselfishly concerned for the welfare of others; generous. | 0 | |
| 7271361660 | Ambivalent | Having contrary feelings or attitudes, uncertain as to course of action. (Synonym: undecided) | 1 | |
| 7271361661 | Angular | Lean; sharp cornered; gaunt. | 2 | |
| 7271361662 | Arrogant | Overbearingly assuming; insolently proud. (Synonyms: presumptuous, haughty, imperious, brazen) | 3 | |
| 7271361663 | Aversion | Strong disinclination; disliking. (Synonyms: hesitance, loathing, reluctance) | 4 | |
| 7271361664 | Discern | To differentiate between two or more things. | 5 | |
| 7271361665 | Disdain | Intense dislike; to treat with scorn or contempt; to reject as unworthy. (Synonyms: [to be] arrogant, haughty, high-handed, insolent, lordly) | 6 | |
| 7271361666 | Disparage | To degrade; to speak of someone or something in a derogatory manner. (Synonyms: belittle, decry, deprecate) | 7 | |
| 7271361667 | Disparity | Inequality; the condition or fact of being unequal in age, rank, or degree. | 8 | |
| 7271361668 | Embellish | To decorate; to make beautiful with ornamentation. (Synonyms: deck, garnish, ornament, adorn) | 9 | |
| 7271361669 | Engender | To cause; to produce; to create | 10 | |
| 7271361670 | Innocuous | Harmless; producing no injury. | 11 | |
| 7271361671 | Insipid | Boring and stupid. (Synonyms: banal, flat, inane, jejune, vapid) | 12 | |
| 7271361672 | Lament | To mourn or to express sorrow in a demonstrative manner. (Synonyms: bemoan, bewail, deplore) | 13 | |
| 7271361673 | Laud | To praise; to extol. (Synonym; revere) | 14 | |
| 7271361674 | Obscure | Difficult to see; vague. (Synonyms: abstruse, ambiguous, cryptic, enigmatic, equivocal, recondite) | 15 | |
| 7271361675 | Ostentatious | Showy; pretentious. (Synonym: pompous) | 16 | |
| 7271361676 | Prodigal | Wasteful; a person given to extravagance. (Synonyms: lavish, lush, luxuriant, profuse) | 17 | |
| 7271361677 | Repudiate | To reject; to disown; to disavow. | 18 | |
| 7271361678 | Reticence | Restraint in speech; reluctance to speak. (Synonyms: reserve, taciturnity) | 19 | |
| 7271361679 | Revere | To honour; to regard with respect. (Synonyms: adore, venerate, worship) | 20 | |
| 7271361680 | Serene | Calm; placid. (Synonym: tranquil) | 21 | |
| 7271361681 | Subtle | Delicate; elusive; not obvious. | 22 | |
| 7271361682 | Superfluous | Beyond what is needed or required; an overflow. | 23 | |
| 7271361683 | Taciturn | Quiet; not verbose. (Synonyms: reserved, reticent) | 24 | |
| 7271367446 | Altruistic synonyms | chartitable; generous; unselfish | 25 | |
| 7271373158 | Altruistic antonyms | belligerent; stingy; selfish | 26 | |
| 7271376636 | Ambivalent synonyms | undecided; contradictory | 27 | |
| 7271378891 | Ambivalent antonyms | certain; firmly convinced | 28 | |
| 7271382197 | Angular synonyms | bony; lanky; skinny | 29 | |
| 7271385713 | Angular antonyms | round; heavy | 30 | |
| 7271387811 | Arrogant synonyms | presumptuous; haughty; imperious; brazen | 31 | |
| 7271391680 | Arrogant antonyms | meek; modest | 32 | |
| 7271396197 | Aversion synonyms | hesitance; loathing; reluctance | 33 | |
| 7271529135 | Aversion antonyms | inclination | 34 | |
| 7271398954 | Discern synonyms | ascertain; distinguish; determine | 35 | |
| 7271402685 | Discern antonyms | to ignore; to be oblivious to | 36 | |
| 7271404994 | Disdain synonyms | (to be) arrogant; haughty; high-handed; insolent; lordly | 37 | |
| 7271412276 | Disdain antonyms | favor; admiration; to love | 38 | |
| 7271417094 | Disparage synonyms | belittle; decry; deprecate | 39 | |
| 7271419976 | Disparage antonyms | to praise refusely | 40 | |
| 7271424040 | Disparity synonyms | discrepancy; distinction; divergence | 41 | |
| 7271426636 | Disparity antonyms | similarity | 42 | |
| 7271428226 | Embellish synonyms | deck; garnish; ornament; adorn | 43 | |
| 7271430071 | Embellish antonyms | to abbreviate | 44 | |
| 7271432056 | Engender synonyms | arouse; bring about; generate | 45 | |
| 7271434503 | Engender antonyms | to squelch | 46 | |
| 7271438141 | Innocuous synonyms | inoffensive; painless | 47 | |
| 7271439526 | Innocuous antonyms | dangerous; injurious | 48 | |
| 7271442403 | Insipid synonyms | banal; flat; inane; jejune; vapid | 49 | |
| 7271447746 | Insipid antonyms | spirited and animated; zestful | 50 | |
| 7271449224 | Lament synonyms | bemoan; bewail; deplore | 51 | |
| 7271451989 | Lament antonyms | to rejoice | 52 | |
| 7271453705 | Laud synonyms | revere; admire | 53 | |
| 7271455952 | Laud antonyms | to defame | 54 | |
| 7271458630 | Obscure synonyms | abstruse; ambiguous; cryptic; enigmatic; equivocal; recondite | 55 | |
| 7271466667 | Obscure antonyms | clear; apparent | 56 | |
| 7271468860 | Ostentatious synonyms | pompous | 57 | |
| 7271472260 | Ostentatious antonyms | modest | 58 | |
| 7271475358 | Prodigal synonyms | lavish; lush; luxuriant; profuse | 59 | |
| 7271477465 | Prodigal antonyms | thrifty individual | 60 | |
| 7271480341 | Repudiate synonyms | abandon; disavow; dismiss; revoke | 61 | |
| 7271486575 | Repudiate antonyms | to adopt | 62 | |
| 7271487531 | Reticence synonyms | reserve; taciturnity | 63 | |
| 7271490980 | Reticence antonyms | candor | 64 | |
| 7271492643 | Revere synonyms | adore; venerate; worship | 65 | |
| 7271495969 | Revere antonyms | to despise | 66 | |
| 7271497491 | Serene synonyms | tranquil | 67 | |
| 7271499660 | Serene antonyms | agitated | 68 | |
| 7271501265 | Subtle synonyms | attenuate; faint | 69 | |
| 7271509660 | Subtle antonyms | obvious; gross; blunt | 70 | |
| 7271511698 | Superfluous synonyms | excessive; useless; expendable | 71 | |
| 7271513605 | Superfluous antonyms | necessary | 72 | |
| 7271517190 | Taciturn synonyms | reserved; reticent | 73 | |
| 7271518760 | Taciturn antonyms | loquacious; talkative | 74 |
AP Literature Common Literary Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6746545542 | Allegory | A narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one. A story in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts. The interaction of these things is meant to reveal an abstraction or a truth. | 0 | |
| 6746545543 | Alliteration | The repetition at close intervals of initial identical consonant sounds. Or vowel sounds in successive words or syllables that repeat. | 1 | |
| 6746545544 | Allusion | An indirect reference to something with which the reader is expected to be familiar. Allusions are usually literary, historical, biblical, or mythological. | 2 | |
| 6746545545 | Anaphora | Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. | 3 | |
| 6746545546 | Apostrophe | An address to the dead as if living; to the inanimate as if animate; to the absent as if present; to the unborn as if alive. | 4 | |
| 6746545547 | Archetype | Hero or villain or other type of character. | 5 | |
| 6746545548 | Assonance | Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity. "Fake" and "lake" denote rhyme. "Lake" and "fate" demonstrate assonance. | 6 | |
| 6746545549 | Cacophony | The use of inharmonious sounds in close conjunction for effect. Opposite of euphony. | 7 | |
| 6746545550 | Characterization | The method an author uses to develop characters in a work. Can be direct or indirect. | 8 | |
| 6746545551 | Conceit | Unusual or surprising extended comparison between two very different things. A special kind of metaphor or complicated analogy. | 9 | |
| 6746545552 | Connotation | Rather than the dictionary definition, the associations associated by a word. Implied meaning rather than literal meaning or denotation. | 10 | |
| 6746545553 | Consonance | Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity | 11 | |
| 6746545554 | Diction | Word choice, particularly as an element of style. Different types and arrangements have significant effects on meaning. | 12 | |
| 6746545555 | Dramatic Irony | When the reader is aware of an inconsistency between a fictional or nonfictional character's perception of a situation and the truth of that situation. | 13 | |
| 6746545556 | Elegy | A formal sustained poem lamenting the death of a particular person. | 14 | |
| 6746545557 | Epigraph | A quotation of aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of a theme. | 15 | |
| 6746545558 | Epiphany | A major character's moment of realization or awareness. | 16 | |
| 6746545559 | Euphemism | The use of a word or phrase that is less direct, but it is also considered less distasteful or less offensive than another. "He is at rest" instead of "He is dead." | 17 | |
| 6746545560 | Euphony | The use of compatible, harmonious sounds to produce a pleasing, melodious effect. | 18 | |
| 6746545561 | Figurative Language | A word or words that are inaccurate literally, but describe by calling to mind sensations or responses that the thing described evokes. Can be metaphors or similes. | 19 | |
| 6746545562 | Figure of Speech | A form of expression in which words are used out of the usual sense in order to make the meaning more specific. | 20 | |
| 6746545563 | Flat Character | A character constructed around a single idea or quality; a flat character is immediately recognizable. | 21 | |
| 6746545564 | Foil | A character whose trains are the opposite of another and who thus points up the strengths and weaknesses of the other character. | 22 | |
| 6746545565 | Denotation | The literal meaning of a word. | 23 | |
| 6746545566 | Hyperbole | Conscious exaggeration used to heighten effect. Often humorous. | 24 | |
| 6746545567 | Image | A word or group of words, either figurative or literal, used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceived by the senses. | 25 | |
| 6746545568 | Imagery | The use of images, especially in a pattern of related images, often figurative, to create a strong unified sensory impression. | 26 | |
| 6746545569 | Irony | When a ready is aware of a reality that differs from a character's perception of reality. The literal meaning of a writer's words may be verbal irony. It is a discrepancy between expectation and reality. | 27 | |
| 6746545570 | Litotes | Opposite of hyperbole; understatement. | 28 | |
| 6746545571 | Metaphor | A comparison of two things, often unrelated. | 29 | |
| 6746545572 | Synecdoche | using one part of an object to represent the entire object | 30 | |
| 6746545573 | Extended Metaphor | One developed at length and involves several points of comparison. | 31 | |
| 6746545574 | Mixed Metaphor | When two metaphors are jumbled together, often illogically. | 32 | |
| 6746545575 | Metonymy | Designation of one thing with something closely associated with it. Calling the king the CROWN. | 33 | |
| 6746545576 | Mood | An atmosphere created by a writer's word choice (diction) and the details selected. Syntax is also a determiner of mood because sentence strength, length, and complexity affect pacing. | 34 | |
| 6746545577 | Motif | A frequently recurrent character, incident, or concept in literature. | 35 | |
| 6746545578 | Onomatopoeia | The use of a word whose pronunciation suggests its meaning. "Buzz." | 36 | |
| 6746545579 | Oxymoron | A rhetorical antithesis. Juxtaposing two contradictory terms like "wise fool" or "deafening silence." | 37 | |
| 6746545580 | Parable | A short story from which a lesson may be drawn. | 38 | |
| 6746545581 | Paradox | A seemingly contradictory statement or situation which is actually true. This rhetorical device is often used for emphasis or simply to attract attention. | 39 | |
| 6746545582 | Parody | An exaggerated imitation of a usually more serious work for humorous purposes. The writer of a parody used the quirks of style or the imitated piece in extreme or ridiculous ways. | 40 | |
| 6746545583 | Persona | A writer often adopts a fictional voice to tell a story. Persona or voice is usually determined by a combination of subject matter and audience. | 41 | |
| 6746545584 | Personification | Figurative language in which inanimate objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions are endowed with human traits or human form. | 42 | |
| 6746545585 | Point of View | The perspective from which a fictional or nonfictional story is told. First-person (reliable or unreliable), second-person, and third-person (omniscient, objective, limited) point of view are commonly used. | 43 | |
| 6746558090 | Asyndeton | the omission of conjunctions. Ex. He has provided the poor with jobs, with opportunity, with self-respect.". | 44 |
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