AP Literature Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 2803273500 | Allegory | An allegory is a symbolism device where the meaning of a greater, often abstract, concept is conveyed with the aid of a more corporeal object or idea being used as an example. Usually a rhetoric device, an allegory suggests a meaning via metaphoric examples. | 0 | |
| 2803274732 | Allusion | An allusion is a figure of speech whereby the author refers to a subject matter such as a place, event, or literary work by way of a passing reference. It is up to the reader to make a connection to the subject being mentioned. | 1 | |
| 2803275280 | Anastrophe | Anastrophe is a form of literary device wherein the order of the noun and the adjective in the sentence is exchanged. In standard parlance and writing the adjective comes before the noun but when one is employing an anastrophe the noun is followed by the adjective. This reversed order creates a dramatic impact and lends weight to the description offered by the adjective. | 2 | |
| 2803275821 | Anthropomorphism | Anthropomorphism can be understood to be the act of lending a human quality, emotion or ambition to a non-human object or being. This act of lending a human element to a non-human subject is often employed in order to endear the latter to the readers or audience and increase the level of relativity between the two while also lending character to the subject. | 3 | |
| 2803276264 | Antithesis | An antithesis is used when the writer employs two sentences of contrasting meanings in close proximity to one another. Whether they are words or phrases of the same sentence, an antithesis is used to create a stark contrast using two divergent elements that come together to create one uniform whole. An antithesis plays on the complementary property of opposites to create one vivid picture. The purpose of using an antithesis in literature is to create a balance between opposite qualities and lend a greater insight into the subject. | 4 | |
| 2803276551 | Archetype | An archetype is a reference to a concept, a person or an object that has served as a prototype of its kind and is the original idea that has come to be used over and over again. Archetypes are literary devices that employ the use of a famous concept, person or object to convey a wealth of meaning. Archetypes are immediately identifiable and even though they run the risk of being overused, they are still the best examples of their kind. | 5 | |
| 2803276873 | Assonance | Assonance refers to repetition of sounds produced by vowels within a sentence or phrase. In this regard assonance can be understood to be a kind of alliteration. What sets it apart from alliterations is that it is the repetition of only vowel sounds. Assonance is the opposite of consonance, which implies repetitive usage of consonant sounds. | 6 | |
| 2803277017 | Authorial intrusion | Authorial Intrusion is an interesting literary device wherein the author penning the story, poem or prose steps away from the text and speaks out to the reader. Authorial Intrusion establishes a one to one relationship between the writer and the reader where the latter is no longer a secondary player or an indirect audience to the progress of the story but is the main subject of the author's attention. | 7 | |
| 2803277256 | Bildungsroman | This is a very popular form of storytelling whereby the author bases the plot on the overall growth of the central character throughout the timeline of the story. As the story progresses, the subject undergoes noticeable mental, physical, social, emotional, moral, and often spiritual advancement and strengthening before the readers' eyes. It has often been seen that the protagonist begins with views, aims and dreams that are in contrast to the other character's in the story and then fights his or her way through to achieve them. | 8 | |
| 2803277418 | Cacophony | A cacophony in literature refers to the use of words and phrases that imply strong, harsh sounds within the phrase. These words have jarring and dissonant sounds that create a disturbing, objectionable atmosphere. | 9 | |
| 2803277669 | Circumlocution | Circumlocution is a form of writing where the writer uses exaggeratedly long and complex sentences in order to convey a meaning that could have otherwise been conveyed through a shorter, much simpler sentence. Circumlocution involves stating an idea or a view in an indirect manner that leaves the reader guessing and grasping at the actual meaning. | 10 | |
| 2803278134 | Deus ex Machina | Deus ex Machina is a rather debatable and often criticized form of literary device. It refers to the incidence where an implausible concept or character is brought into the story in order to make the conflict in the story resolve and to bring about a pleasing solution. The use of Deus ex Machina is not recommended as it is seen to be the mark of a poor plot that the writer needs to resort to random, insupportable and unbelievable twists and turns to reach the end of the story. | 11 | |
| 2803278359 | Diction | Diction is the distinctive tone or tenor of an author's writings. Diction is not just a writer's choice of words it can include the mood, attitude, dialect and style of writing. Diction is usually judged with reference to the prevailing standards of proper writing and speech and is seen as the mark of quality of the writing. It is also understood as the selection of certain words or phrases that become peculiar to a writer | 12 | |
| 2803278688 | Doppelganger | The term is derived from the German language and literally translates into 'double walker'. It refers to a character in the story that is actually a counterfeit or a copy of a genuine character. Doppelgangers of the main characters usually bear the ability to impersonate the original but have vastly different spirits and intentions. The doppelganger usually has a different appearance but an earthly soul and supernatural hoodwinking abilities that allow it to fool other | 13 | |
| 2803279075 | Euphony | The literary device "euphony" refers to the use of phrases and words that are noted for possessing an extensive degree of notable loveliness or melody in the sound they create. The use of euphony is predominant in literary prose and poetry, where poetic devices such as alliterations, rhymes and assonace are used to create pleasant sounds. Euphony is the opposite of cacophony, which refers to the creation of unpleasant and harsh sounds by using certain words and phrases together. This literary devices is based on the use and manipulation of phonetics in literature. | 14 | |
| 2803279374 | Foil | A foil is another character in a story who contrasts with the main character, usually to highlight one of their attributes. | 15 | |
| 2803279577 | Hyperbole | A hyperbole is a literary device wherein the author uses specific words and phrases that exaggerate and overemphasize the basic crux of the statement in order to produce a grander, more noticeable effect. The purpose of hyperbole is to create a larger-than-life effect and overly stress a specific point. Such sentences usually convey an action or sentiment that is generally not practically/ realistically possible or plausible but helps emphasize an emotion. | 16 | |
| 2803279821 | Internal Rhyme | in literature the internal rhyme is a practice of forming a rhyme in only one lone line of verse. An internal rhyme is also known as the middle rhyme because it is typically constructed in the middle of a line to rhyme with the bit at the end of the same metrical line. | 17 | |
| 2803280589 | Inversion | The term 'inversion' refers to the practice of changing the conventional placement of words. It is a literary practice typical of the older classical poetry genre. In present day literature it is usually used for the purpose of laying emphasis this literary device is more prevalent in poetry than prose because it helps to arrange the poem in a manner that catches the attention of the reader not only with its content but also with its physical appearance; a result of the peculiar structuring | 18 | |
| 2803283231 | Irony | The use of irony in literature refers to playing around with words such that the meaning implied by a sentence or word is actually different from the literal meaning. Often irony is used to suggest the stark contrast of the literal meaning being put forth. The deeper, real layer of significance is revealed not by the words themselves but the situation and the context in which they are placed. | 19 | |
| 2803283396 | Juxtaposition | Juxtaposition is a literary device wherein the author places a person, concept, place, idea or theme parallel to another. The purpose of juxtaposing two directly or indirectly related entities close together in literature is to highlight the contrast between the two and compare them. This literary device is usually used for etching out a character in detail, creating suspense or lending a rhetorical effect. | 20 | |
| 2803284032 | Malapropism | The misuse of words ridiculously, especially by the confusion of words that are similar in sound | 21 | |
| 2803284033 | Metaphor | A comparison of two unlike things without using like or as | 22 | |
| 2803284185 | Mood | The atmosphere or emotional condition created by the piece, within the setting | 23 | |
| 2803284411 | Motif | A recurring important idea or image. A motif differs from a theme in that it can be expressed as a single word or fragmentary phrase, while a theme usually must be expressed as a complete sentence. | 24 | |
| 2803284783 | Negative Capability | The use of negative capability in literature is a concept promoted by poet John Keats, who was of the opinion that literary achievers, especially poets, should be able to come to terms with the fact that some matters might have to be left unsolved and uncertain. Keats was of the opinion that some certainties were best left open to imagination and that the element of doubt and ambiguity added romanticism and specialty to a concept. | 25 | |
| 2803285051 | Onomatopoeia | Where sounds are spelled out as words; or, when words describing sounds actually sound like the sounds they describe | 26 | |
| 2803285726 | Metonymy | Metonymy in literature refers to the practice of not using the formal word for an object or subject and instead referring to it by using another word that is intricately linked to the formal name or word. It is the practice of substituting the main word with a word that is closely linked to it. | 27 | |
| 2803286590 | Oxymoron | A contradiction in terms | 28 | |
| 2803286591 | Paradox | Where a situation is created which cannot possibly exist, because different elements of it cancel each other out | 29 | |
| 2803286966 | Parallelism | Use of similar or identical language, structures, events or ideas in different parts of a text | 30 | |
| 2803287101 | Periodic Structure | In literature, the concept of a periodic structure refers to a particular placement of sentence elements such as the main clause of the sentence and/or its predicate are purposely held off and placed at the end instead of at the beginning or their conventional positions. In such placements, the crux of the sentence's meaning does not become clear to the reader until they reach the last part. While undeniably confusing at first, a periodic structure lends a flair of drama and romanticism to a sentence and is greatly used in poetry. | 31 | |
| 2803287300 | Periphrasis | The term 'periphrasis' refers to the use of excessive language and surplus words to convey a meaning that could otherwise be conveyed with fewer words and in more direct a manner. The use of this literary device can be to embellish a sentence, to create a grander effect, to beat around the bush and to draw attention away from the crux of the message being conveyed. | 32 | |
| 2803287596 | Personification | Where inanimate objects or abstract concepts are seemingly endowed with human self-awareness; where human thoughts, actions and perceptions are directly attributed to inanimate objects or abstract ideas. (Not to be confused with anthropomorphism.) | 33 | |
| 2803289105 | Plot | Sequence of events in a story. Most literary essay tasks will instruct the writer to "avoid plot summary;" the term is therefore rarely useful for response or critical analysis. When discussing plot, it is generally more useful to consider its structure, rather than simply "what happens." | 34 | |
| 2803289106 | Point-of-View | The identity of the narrative voice; the person or entity through whom the reader experiences the story. May be third-person (no narrator; omniscient or limited) or first-person (narrated by a character in the story). Point-of-view is a commonly misused term; it does not refer to the author's (or characters') feelings, opinions, perspectives, biases, etc. | 35 | |
| 2803289631 | Polyptoton | Polyptoton is a stylistic device that is a rhetorical repetition of the same root word, however, each time the word is repeated in a different way such as the words Iuppiter, lovi, lovis, lovem are derived from a root word "love". | 36 | |
| 2803289894 | Protagonist | The main character in a story, the one with whom the reader is meant to identify. The person is not necessarily "good" by any conventional moral standard, but he/she is the person in whose plight the reader is most invested. | 37 | |
| 2803290016 | Pun | A play on words wherein a word is used to convey two meanings at the same time | 38 | |
| 2803290263 | Repetition | Where a specific word, phrase, or structure is repeated several times, to emphasize a particular idea | 39 | |
| 2803290501 | Satire | the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose or criticize others' opinions | 40 | |
| 2803292224 | Sentimentality | Excessive tenderness, sadness, or nostalgia. In the past, sentimentality was intentionally used by some authors. Now we tend to see it as poor writing. | 41 | |
| 2803296802 | Setting | The time and place where a story occurs. The setting can be specific (e.g., New York City in 1930) or ambiguous (e.g., a large urban city during economic hard times). Also refers directly to a description thereof. | 42 | |
| 2803296803 | Simile | An indirect relationship where one thing or idea is expressed as being similar to another. Similes usually contain the words "like" or "as," but not always. | 43 | |
| 2803297157 | Situational Irony | Irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected. | 44 | |
| 2803299848 | Speaker | The "voice" of a poe, not to be confused with the poet him/herself. Analogous to the narrator in prose fiction. | 45 | |
| 2803300020 | Structure | The manner in which the various elements of a story are assembled | 46 | |
| 2803300021 | Subtext | A term denoting what a character means by what (s)he says when there is a disparity between diction and intended meaning. In verbal irony, a character may say one thing and mean something entirely different; the real meaning of the speech is the subtext. | 47 | |
| 2803300364 | Symbolism | The use of specific objects or images to represent abstract ideas. This term is commonly misused, describing any and all representational relationships, which in fact are more often metaphorical than symbolic. A symbol must be something tangible or visible, while the idea it symbolizes must be something abstract or universal. | 48 | |
| 2803301266 | Synesthesia | While the term synesthesia literally refers to a medical condition wherein one or many of the sensory modalities become joined to one another, in literature it refers to the depiction of a strong connection, link or bond between the different senses. Characters in literature are sometimes described to be experiences synesthesia. Synesthesia is the conflation of the senses. | 49 | |
| 2803301399 | Syntax | Syntax in literature refers to the actual way in which words and sentences are placed together in the writing. Usually in the English language the syntax should follow a pattern of subject-verb-object agreement but sometimes authors play around with this to achieve a lyrical, rhythmic, rhetoric or questioning effect. It is not related to the act of choosing specific words or even the meaning of each word or the overall meanings conveyed by the sentences. | 50 | |
| 2803301400 | Theme | The main idea or message conveyed by the piece. A theme is generally stated as a complete sentence; an idea expressed as a single word or fragmentary phrase is a motif. | 51 | |
| 2803302136 | Tone | The apparent emotional state, or "attitude," of the speaker/narrator/narrative voice, as conveyed through the language of the piece | 52 | |
| 2803302647 | Tragedy | Where a story ends with a negative or unfortunate outcome which was essentially avoidable, usually caused by a flaw in the central character's personality. Tragedy is really more of a dramatic genre than a literary element; a play can be referred to as a tragedy, but tragic events in a story are essentially part of the plot, rather than a literary device in themselves | 53 | |
| 2803302865 | Tragic Hero / Tragic Figure | A protagonist who comes to a bad end as a result of his own behavior, usually caused by a specific personality disorder or character flaw | 54 | |
| 2803303307 | Tragic Flaw | The single characteristic (usually negative) or personality disorder which causes the downfall of the protagonist | 55 | |
| 2803303308 | Understatement | A statement in which the literal sense of what is said falls short of the magnitude of what is being talked about | 56 | |
| 2803303520 | Unreliable Narrator | A character whose telling of the story is not completely accurate or credible due to problems with the character's mental state or maturity | 57 | |
| 2803304068 | Verbal Irony | Where the meaning is intended to be the exact opposite of what the words actually mean | 58 |
AP Literature Week 4 Vocab Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7650563852 | Polysyndeton | a literary technique in which conjunctions (e.g. and, but, or) are used repeatedly in quick succession, often with no commas, even when the conjunctions could be removed. | 0 | |
| 7650565677 | Anaphora | the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. | 1 | |
| 7650565678 | Protagonist | the main figure or one of the most prominent figures in a real situation. | 2 | |
| 7650567831 | Antagonist | a person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something; an adversary. | 3 | |
| 7650567832 | Atmosphere | the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation, or work of art. | 4 | |
| 7650567833 | Direct Characterization | is how an author tells his or her reader about a character. Direct characterization occurs when the author specifically reveals traits about the character in a direct, straightforward manner. | 5 | |
| 7650569947 | Indirect Characterization | the process by which the personality of a fictitious character is revealed through the character's speech, actions, appearance, etc. | 6 | |
| 7650571863 | Allegory | a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. | 7 | |
| 7650574133 | Paradox | a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true. | 8 | |
| 7650574134 | Analogy | a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification. | 9 | |
| 7650574135 | Archaic | very old or old-fashioned. | 10 | |
| 7650576595 | Archetype | a very typical example of a certain person or thing. | 11 |
Flashcards
AP language quiz 2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 3722352462 | arbiter | judge who decides a disputed issue. EX: An arbiter was hired to solve the conflict between the NBA and the players. | 0 | |
| 3722357320 | biased | Prejudiced EX: Judges should not be biased when deciding a court case. | 1 | |
| 3722368888 | exculpate | to free from guilt or blame EX: The upon further investigation the driver was exculpated because of poor driving conditions. | 2 | |
| 3722381044 | impartial | not in favor of one side or another. EX: Courts try to pick impartial people to be on a jury. | 3 | |
| 3722397591 | incontrovertible | unable to be denied or disputed EX: The video showed in controvertible evidence that the suspect did rob the store. | 4 | |
| 3722404552 | integrity | trustworthiness, completeness EX: The integrity of the witness was questioned when her dislike of the suspect was revealed. | 5 | |
| 3722416834 | objectivity | treating facts without the influence of personal feelings EX: Judges most have high levels of objectivity when looking at evidence. | 6 | |
| 3722427017 | plausible | seeming to be valid or acceptable EX: The idea that the suspect was not guilty seemed plausible after new evidence was shown. | 7 | |
| 3722451526 | substantiated | supported with proof or evidence EX: The substantiated conclusion was rock solid. | 8 | |
| 3722458694 | vindicated | freed from blame EX: The man who was in prison for 25 years was vindicated after new DNA evidence was turned in. | 9 |
AP World History - Strayer Chapter 4 Flashcards
Chapter 3 - Eurasian Empires
Chapter 4 - Eurasian Cultural Traditions
Terms : Hide Images
| 4977264403 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. |  | 0 |
| 4977264404 | Confucius (Kong Fuzi) | The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history. |  | 1 |
| 4977264405 | Ban Zhao | A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women. |  | 2 |
| 4977264406 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. |  | 3 |
| 4977264407 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. | 4 | |
| 4977264408 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. | 5 | |
| 4977264409 | Aristotle | A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. |  | 6 |
| 4977264410 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs. |  | 7 |
| 4977264411 | Buddhism | a religion, originated in India that believes life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment |  | 8 |
| 4977264412 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | The Indian prince who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. |  | 9 |
| 4977264413 | Mahayana | "Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism. |  | 10 |
| 4977264414 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity & great compassion. |  | 11 |
| 4977264415 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. |  | 12 |
| 4977264416 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. |  | 13 |
| 4977264417 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. |  | 14 |
| 4977264418 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh/YHWH) with concerns with social justice. |  | 15 |
| 4977264419 | Isaiah | One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century B.C.E.) |  | 16 |
| 4977264420 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. |  | 17 |
| 4977264421 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.) |  | 18 |
| 4977264422 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E. |  | 19 |
| 4977264423 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. |  | 20 |
| 4977264424 | Paul of Tarsus (Saint Paul) | The first great popularize of Christianity (10-65 C.E.) |  | 21 |
| 4977264427 | Church of the East | Planted churches in Syria and Persia that were distinct in theology and practice from the Roman Church |  | 22 |
| 4977264428 | Perpetua | Christian martyr (one who was killed for their beliefs) from Carthage. Educated and wealthy, she died being fed to leopards. |  | 23 |
| 4977264425 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.-30 B.C.E.). |  | 24 |
| 4977264426 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals. |  | 25 |
| 4977270144 | Nalanda | India's Buddhist University | 26 |
AP World History: Chapter 16 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8798322405 | indulgence | the forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act | 0 | |
| 8798322406 | Protestant Reformation | religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the "protesters" forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and reformed churches and the Church of England |  | 1 |
| 8798322407 | Catholic Reformation | religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation |  | 2 |
| 8798322408 | witch-hunt | the pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft especially in northern Europe in the late 16th and 17th |  | 3 |
| 8798322409 | scientific revolution | the intellectual movement in Europe, initial is associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the 17th century had laid ground for modern science |  | 4 |
| 8798322410 | enlightenment | a philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational law that governed social behavior and that were just as scientific as the laws of physics |  | 5 |
| 8798322411 | bourgeoisie | the early modern Europe, the class of well off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, and commerce, and allied professions |  | 6 |
| 8798322412 | joint-stock company | a business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks among many investors | 7 | |
| 8798322413 | stock exchange | a place where shares in a company or business enterprise are brought or sold | 8 | |
| 8798322414 | Little Ice Age | a century long period of cool climate that began in the 1590's. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable | 9 | |
| 8798322415 | gentry | in China, the class of prosperous families next in wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel |  | 10 |
| 8798322416 | deforestation | the removal of trees faster than forest can replace |  | 11 |
| 8798322417 | Holy Roman Empire | loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by princes |  | 12 |
| 8798322418 | Habsburg | a powerful European family that provided many Holy Roman Emperors, founded the Austrian Empire, and ruled 16th and 17th century Spain | 13 | |
| 8798322419 | English Civil War | a conflict over royal versus parliament rights, caused by King Charles I's arrest of his parliamentary critics and ending with his execution. it's outcome checked the growth of royal absolutism and, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the English Bill of Rights of 1689, ensures that England would be a constitutional monarchy | 14 | |
| 8798322420 | Versailles | A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette | 15 | |
| 8798322421 | balance of power | Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries. |  | 16 |
| 8798322422 | Renaissance European | a period of intense artistic and intellectual activity |  | 17 |
| 8798322423 | papacy | The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. |  | 18 |
AP World History Chapter 22 (Strayer) Flashcards
Chapter 23 Independence and Development in the Global South, 1914 - Present
Terms : Hide Images
| 6502323748 | Decolonization | 1914-Present : Process in which many African and Asian states won their independence from Western colonial rule, in most cases by negotiated settlement with gradual political reforms and a program of investment rather than through military confrontation | 0 | |
| 6502323749 | Indian National Congress | 1914-Present : Organization established in 1885 by Western-educated elite Indians in an effort to win a voice in governance of India; over time, the INC became a major popular movement that won India's independence from Britain | 1 | |
| 6502323750 | Mahatma Gandhi | 1914-Present : Usually referred to by his sobriquet "Mahatma" (Great Soul), Gandhi (1869-1948) was a political leader and the undoubted spiritual leader of the Indian drive or independence from Great Britain | 2 | |
| 6502323751 | Satyagraha | 1914-Present : Literally, "truth force"; Mahatma Gandhi's political philosophy, which advocated confrontational but nonviolent political action | 3 | |
| 6502323752 | Muslim League | 1914-Present : The All-India Muslim League, created in 1906, was a response to the Indian national Congress in India's struggle for independance from Britain; the League's leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, argued that regions of India with a Muslim majority should form a separate state called Pakistan | 4 | |
| 6502323753 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | 1914-Present : LEader of India's All India Muslim League and first president of the breakaway state of Pakistan (1876-1948) | 5 | |
| 6502323754 | African National Congress | 1914-Present : South African political party established in 1912 by elite Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society; it only gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 1994 | 6 | |
| 6502323755 | Nelson Mandela | 1914-Present : South African nationalist (b. 1918) and leader of the African National Congress who was imprisoned for twenty - seven years on charges of treason, sabotage and conspiracy to over through the apartheid government of South Africa; he was elected president of South Africa in 1994, four years after he was finally released from prison | 7 | |
| 6502323756 | Black Consciousness | 1914-Present : South African movement that sought to foster pride, unity and political awareness among the country's African majority and often resorted to violent protest against white minority rule | 8 | |
| 6502323757 | Soweto | 1914-Present : Impoverished black neighborhood outside Johannesburg, South Africa, and the site of a violent uprising in 1976 in which hundreds were killed; that rebellion began a series of violent protests and strikes that helped end apartheid | 9 | |
| 6502323758 | Democracy in Africa | 1914-Present : A subject of debate among scholars, the democracies established in the wake of decolonization in Africa proved to be fragile and often fell to military coups or were taken over by single-party authoritarian systems; Africa's initial rejection of democracy has sometimes been taken as a sign that Africans were not ready for democratic politics or that traditional African culture did not support it | 10 | |
| 6502323759 | Economic Development | 1914-Present : A process of growth or increasing production and the distribution of the proceeds of that growth to raise living standards; nearly universal desire for economic development in the second half of the twentieth century reflected a cultural belief that poverty was no longer inevitable | 11 | |
| 6502323760 | Kemal Ataturk | 1914-Present : Founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey (1881 - 1938); as military commander and leader of the Turkish national movement, he made Turkey into a secular state | 12 | |
| 6502323761 | Ayatollah Khomeini | 1914-Present : Important Shia ayattolah (advanced scholar of Islamic law and religion) who became the leader of Iran's Islamic revolution and ruled Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989 | 13 |
La vida contemporanea- AP Spanish Language & Culture Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4040903354 | Estrategias | strategies |  | 0 |
| 4040903355 | solicitar | ask for, request |  | 1 |
| 4040903356 | graduarse | to graduate |  | 2 |
| 4040903357 | matricularse | to register |  | 3 |
| 4040903358 | el horario | schedule |  | 4 |
| 4040903359 | la aula | the classroom |  | 5 |
| 4040903360 | ayuda financiera | financial aid |  | 6 |
| 4040903361 | una beca | a scholarship |  | 7 |
| 4040903362 | ingresar | admit, get in |  | 8 |
| 4040903363 | la materia | the material |  | 9 |
| 4040903364 | repasar | to review |  | 10 |
| 4040903365 | el curso | the course |  | 11 |
| 4040903366 | aprobar | to approve |  | 12 |
| 4040903367 | reprobar | to fail, to flunk |  | 13 |
| 4040903368 | apuntes | notes |  | 14 |
| 4040903369 | la asignatura | subject, course | | 15 |
| 4040903370 | el bachillerato | high school diploma |  | 16 |
| 4040903371 | las calificaciones | report card |  | 17 |
| 4040903372 | la carrera | the career |  | 18 |
| 4040903373 | la especialización | specialization |  | 19 |
| 4040903374 | la facultad | the faculty, department |  | 20 |
| 4040903375 | la licenciatura | The degree |  | 21 |
| 4040903376 | la matricula | register. license plate |  | 22 |
| 4040903377 | optativo | optional, optative |  | 23 |
| 4040903378 | el plazo | time period |  | 24 |
| 4040903379 | el titulo | title |  | 25 |
| 4040903380 | arquitecto | architect |  | 26 |
| 4040903381 | las ventajas | the advantages |  | 27 |
| 4040903382 | las desventajas | the disadvantages |  | 28 |
| 4040903383 | el consejero | the counselor |  | 29 |
| 4040903384 | el decano | dean at university |  | 30 |
| 4040903385 | el profesor | the professor |  | 31 |
| 4040903386 | el rector | dean, rector |  | 32 |
| 4040903387 | arquitectura | architecture |  | 33 |
| 4040903388 | bellas artes | fine arts |  | 34 |
| 4040903389 | artista | the artist |  | 35 |
| 4040903390 | científico | scientist |  | 36 |
| 4040903391 | físico | physical, physicist |  | 37 |
| 4040903392 | químico | chemist |  | 38 |
| 4040903393 | abogado | attorney |  | 39 |
| 4040903394 | medico | doctor |  | 40 |
| 4040903395 | filosofo | philosopher |  | 41 |
| 4040903396 | ingeniero | engineer |  | 42 |
| 4040903397 | programador | programmer |  | 43 |
| 4040903398 | escritor | writer |  | 44 |
| 4040903399 | mecánico | mechanic |  | 45 |
| 4040903400 | psicólogo | psychologist |  | 46 |
| 4040903401 | sociólogo | sociologist |  | 47 |
| 4040903402 | contable | accountant |  | 48 |
| 4040903403 | ama de casa | house wife |  | 49 |
| 4040903404 | albañil | builder, construction worker |  | 50 |
| 4040903405 | las ciencias | the sciences |  | 51 |
| 4040903406 | economía | economy |  | 52 |
| 4040903407 | derecho (leyes) | law |  | 53 |
| 4040903408 | filosofía | philosophy |  | 54 |
| 4040903409 | ingeniería | engineering |  | 55 |
| 4040903410 | informática | computer science |  | 56 |
| 4040903411 | medicina | medicine |  | 57 |
| 4040903412 | psicología | psychology |  | 58 |
| 4040903413 | sociología | sociology |  | 59 |
| 4040903414 | los formularios | forms, questionnaire |  | 60 |
Period 5: AP World History Study Set Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4332826626 | Origins of the Industrial Revolution | Began in Britain in the late 1700s | 0 | |
| 4332829720 | Industrial Revolution: New Machines | Steam engine, cotton gin, trains | 1 | |
| 4332832696 | Effects of Industrial Revolution on Society | -More people started to move into the cities -East Asians migrated to Canada forming China towns where they worked on railways -Indentured servitude replaced slavery -Created more jobs -More products were being made for cheaper allowing the poor to have more access to things they didn't have before | 2 | |
| 4332835248 | Political and Economic Effects of Industrialization | The economies of all the world increased after this happened. The political affairs became focused on reform of working conditions and maximum production. Countries focused on exports rather than imports. | 3 | |
| 4332837003 | Factory System: Social Impact | -Under-skilled men, women, and children were able to work in the factory and still have good results -Employer's owned the tools, set the hours and other conditions the workers were under -Because everyone was moving to the cities, housing for workers was substandard housing that was in unsanitary conditions | 4 | |
| 4332840865 | Factory System: Economic Impact | The factory system boosted economies by producing more goods in a faster time. | 5 | |
| 4332842743 | American Revolution: Causes | -The colonies didn't want Great Britain, who was an ocean away, telling them what to do -The British decided to charge the colonies large amounts so they could pay of their debt form the French and Indian War -Through the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and other taxes, Britain tried to collect taxes that the Americans considered unfair -American's weren't being fairly represented in Britain's parliament or able to vote for British lawmakers -Lead to the famous phrase "taxation without representation" | 6 | |
| 4332843574 | America Revolution: Impact | The American Revolution introduced new ideas to other nations that free states gave people more oppertunites and rights. People all over the world would soon adapt this form of government. | 7 | |
| 4332845036 | French Revolution: Causes | -Food was scarce -National debt -Rise of enlightenment ideals | 8 | |
| 4332848129 | National Assembly | It was an assembly of all the 3rd class people it took place in the french revolution on June 3rd 1789 | 9 | |
| 4332886250 | French Revolution: Convention to Napoleon | -At The National Convention, The Directory gave Napoleon Bonaparte command of the French army. | 10 | |
| 4332886251 | Napoleon Bonaparte | He was a milltary leader who later crowned himself emperor he then waged many wars against European nations and was soon exiled, but he being a good leader then organzied the islanders and took over again for one hundred days but then he was killed in the battle of waterloo. | 11 | |
| 4332886252 | Congress of Vienna | Major nation meeting in Europe to restore Europe, prevent future wars and revolutions, and stop rising of nationalism and liberalism. | 12 | |
| 4332886253 | Latin American Independence Movements | Toussaint L'Ouverture made an army of salves in the first revolt that proceeded in the French colony of Haiti they wanted freedom and independence from the French | 13 | |
| 4332886254 | Simon Boliver | Creole military leader who fought for Colombian independence between 1817 and 1822 | 14 | |
| 4332956074 | Haitian Revolution | Toussaint L'Ouverture lead an army of salves in a revolt against the French rule for independance and freedom | 15 | |
| 4332956075 | Toussant L'Ouverture | a leader of the Haitian revolt against France. | 16 | |
| 4332956076 | Conservatism in Europe | this was a political movement in which Europe decided to keep the their old ways and traditions of culture and civlliztions in the early 1800s | 17 | |
| 4332956077 | Liberalism | an economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market and the gold standard | 18 | |
| 4332956078 | Nationalism | countries that feel they are supperior to other countries. | 19 | |
| 4332956079 | Socialism | A system in which society, usually in the form of the government , owns and controls the means of production | 20 | |
| 4332956080 | Karl Marx | His ideas and beleifs were valued highly among the Europeans he wanted reform. Marx believed that all historical change was caused by a series of class struggles between the bourgeoisie 'haves' and the proletariat 'have nots'. Capitalism | 21 | |
| 4332956081 | Unification of Germany | -Essentially accomplished an extension of Prussia -Builds off the constant underlying concept of German Duality | 22 | |
| 4332956082 | Otto Von Bismarck | Otto Von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890. | 23 | |
| 4332956083 | Italian Unification | political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century. | 24 | |
| 4332956084 | Zionism | this was a Jewish movement where people tries to get their homeland of Iseral back but they ended up getting Palinstan. | 25 | |
| 4332956085 | Crimean War (1953-56) | a war between Russia and a group of nations including England, France, Turkey and Sardinia from1853 to1856 | 26 | |
| 4332956086 | Emancipation of Serfs in Russia (1861) | These people were like slaves who worked on plantations of landowners. When they were freed they were given land of their own. | 27 | |
| 4332956087 | New Imperialism: Causes | -industrial revolution strengthens -newly industrialized nations seek new markets -western nations compete for power -westerners feel they need to spread their culture | 28 | |
| 4332956088 | "The White Man's Burden" | White men believed they had to impose their knowledge and beliefs in order to civilize the natives. | 29 | |
| 4332956089 | Social Darwanism | the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. | 30 | |
| 4332956090 | Direct v. Indirect control(of Colonial Possessions) | Direct rule happened mostly with British they would make the rules and laws as if this country was their own. Indirect rule was like having an ally who gave advice on how to run the country but di not enforce laws. | 31 | |
| 4332956091 | Sepoy Rebellion | a revolt of the Sepoy troops in British India (1857-59), resulting in the transfer of the administration of India from the East India Company to the crown | 32 | |
| 4332956092 | Indian National Congress (INC): Origins | This started in 1885 it was how India gained their independance | 33 | |
| 4332956093 | King Leapold | He was to second King of the Belgians, chiefly remembered for the founding and exploration of the Congo Free State | 34 | |
| 4332956094 | Berlin Conference(1884-85) | The Berlin conference was about Germany becoming more powerful and about the scramble for Africa. | 35 | |
| 4332956095 | The opium war causes | The Chinese emperor was angry at the British for trading with everyone | 36 | |
| 4332956096 | Opium Wars: Results | 1842, signed peace treaty, Treaty of Nanjing | 37 | |
| 4332956097 | Taiping Rebellion (1850s) | Rebellion initiated by Hong Xiuquan to overthrow the Manchurians and establish the kingdom of Heaven in China | 38 | |
| 4332956098 | Self-strengthening Movement | China's attempt to modernize their army and encourage Western investment in factories and railways | 39 | |
| 4332956099 | Sphere of Influence | In international affairs, the territory where a powerful state exercises the dominant control over weaker states or territories | 40 | |
| 4332956100 | Boxer Rebellion | Violent movement against non-Chinese commercial, political, religious and technological influence in China during the final years of the 19th century. | 41 | |
| 4332956101 | Monroe Doctrine | The proclamation that prevented European nations from colonizing in the Americas | 42 | |
| 4332956102 | Spanish-American War | The US supported Cubans against the Spanish who were tyrants; The US declared war on Spain in retaliation for the explosion on the USS Maine | 43 | |
| 4332956103 | U.S. Open Door Policy | This policy forced China to open to trade with other countries | 44 | |
| 4332956104 | Opening of Japan | American Commodore Matthew Perry led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world. | 45 | |
| 4332956105 | Meiji Restoration | A change in political control of Japan whereby the emperor regained his political power. | 46 | |
| 4332956106 | Sino-Japanese War | Sino-Japanese War war fought between China and Japan over Korea from 1894 to 1895 | 47 | |
| 4332956107 | Decline of Ottoman Empire | Meritocracy then hereditary, western influence, sultans losing power, economic problems, infrastructure decay, loss of some territory in the Balkans | 48 | |
| 4332956108 | Muhammad Ali | He was the first black dude to be a profectional boxer. | 49 | |
| 4332956109 | Steam Engine | A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion. Thomas Newcomen built the first crude but workable steam engine in 1712. James Watt vastly improved his device in the 1760s and 1770s. Steam power was then applied to machinery. | 50 | |
| 4332956110 | Interchangeable Parts | It was a factory system, that allowed unskilled workers to make complex items one part at a time allowing production to increase and go faster. | 51 | |
| 4332956111 | Cotton Gin | was invented by Eli Whitney | 52 | |
| 4332956112 | telegraph | This was invented by Samuel Moris it helped people to be able to contact each other through long distances. | 53 |
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
