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AP World History Periods Flashcards

Sort each description into its correct time period (1/2, 3, 4, 5).

6620012789	Neolithic /Agricultural Revolution	1/2	0
6620015863	8000 BCE -600 CE	1/2	1
6620018697	Fall of Rome in the Mediterranean region	1/2	2
6620021532	Fall of Han China	1/2	3
6620023019	Fall of Gupta Empire of India	1/2	4
6620025781	Early development in agriculture and technology	1/2	5
6620027749	Mesopotamian Civilization	1/2	6
6620029015	Indus Valley Civilization	1/2	7
6620029016	Shang China	1/2	8
6620032151	Zhou China	1/2	9
6620081530	600 -1450	3	10
6620039947	Older belief systems, such as Christianity, Hinduism, Confucianism, and Buddhism, came to become more important than political organizations in defining many areas of the world.	3	11
6620058944	Bedouins	3	12
6620058945	Mongols	3	13
6620060403	Islam began in the 7th century and spread rapidly throughout the Middle East, Northern Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia.	3	14
6620067167	Whereas Europe was not a major civilization area before 600 CE, by 1450 it was connected to major trade routes, and some of its kingdoms were beginning to assert world power.	3	15
6620074511	Inca	3	16
6620074512	Maya	3	17
6620076550	Aztec	3	18
6620078803	China grew to have hegemony over many other areas of Asia and became one of the largest and most prosperous empires of the time.	3	19
6620083498	Long distance trade continued to develop along previous routes, but the amount and complexity of trade and contact increased significantly.	3	20
6620213260	Indian Ocean Trade	3	21
6620084890	1450 -1750	4	22
6620086845	The two hemispheres were linked for the first time in world history and long-distance trade became truly worldwide.	4	23
6620092561	Sea-based trade rose in proportion to land-based trade	4	24
6620096034	Technological advancements and willingness of political leaders to invest in it meant that sea-based trade became much more important. As a result, old land-based empires lost relative power to the new sea-based powers.	4	25
6620097674	European kingdoms emerged that gained world power -The relative power and prosperity of Europe increased dramatically during this time in comparison to empires in the longer-established civilization areas. However, Europe did not entirely eclipse powerful empires in Southwest Asia, Africa, and East Asia.	4	26
6620175806	The relative power of nomadic groups declined -Nomads continued to play an important role in trade and cultural diffusion, and they continued to threaten the borders of the large land-based empires. However, their power dwindled as travel and trade by water became more important.	4	27
6620183021	Labor systems were transformed -The acquisition of colonies in North and SouthAmerica led to major changes in labor systems. After many Amerindians died from disease transmitted by contact with Europeans, a vigorous slave trade from Africa began and continued throughout most of the era. Slave labor became very important all over the Americas. Other labor systems, such as the mita and encomienda in South America, were adapted from previous native traditions by the Spanish and Portuguese.	4	28
6620189038	"Gunpowder Empires" emerged in the Middle East and Asia -Empires in older civilization areas gained new strength from new technologies in weaponry. Basing their new power on "gunpowder," they still suffered from the old issues that had plagued land-based empires for centuries: defense of borders, communication within the empire, and maintenance of an army adequate to defend the large territory. By the end of the era, many were less powerful than the new sea-based kingdoms of Europe.	4	29
6620191441	1750 -1900	5	30
6620194808	Profound social and political change spurred revolution and the development of industrialized economic might.	5	31
6620197045	Industrial Revolution	5	32
6620199195	Huge numbers of people migrated to the Americas from Europe and Asia, so that population in the western hemisphere grew dramatically, leading eventually to the end of the slave trade and forced migrations from Africa to the New World.	5	33
6620206456	Industrialization had a huge impact on the environment, as demands for new fuels came about and cities dominated the landscape in industrialized countries.Less industrialized countries often supplied the demand for raw materials, altering natural landscapes further.	5	34

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AP World History Terms Flashcards

using terms from the Stearns AP World history book

Terms : Hide Images

7427436079	Paleolithic Age	(Old Stone Age) from about 750,000 years ago to 14,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers and first simple stone and wood tool use	0
7427436080	Mesolithic Age	(Middle Stone Age) 12,000-8,000 B.C.E., stone tools improved and more animals domesticated	1
7427436081	Neolithic Age	(New Stone Age) latest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the middle east (but later elsewhere), invention of agriculture	2
7427436082	Agricultural Revolution	The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering, began in the Middle East and spread to other centers	3
7427436083	Bronze Age	beginning at about 3000 B.C.E., metalworking became commonplace, starting in the Middle East	4
7427436084	Fertile Crescent	core area of agriculture in Mesopotamia	5
7427436085	Catal Huyuk	Neolithic village in southern turkey founded about 7000 B.C.E., studied by scientists	6
7427436086	Civilization	formal states characterized by writing, cities, monuments, and elaborate trading patterns	7
7427436087	Mesopotamia	the first civilization, along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Middle East	8
7427436088	Sumerians	people who invaded Mesopotamia in 3500 B.C.E., known for irrigation techniques, first written language (Cuneiform), and complex religious concepts (religious monuments- ziggurats)	9
7427436089	City-States	political structures begun by the Sumerians ruled by a king who claimed divine authority and a government who organized all parts of the state	10
7427436090	Monumental Architecture	characteristic of civilization, often religious monuments (i.e. ziggrats in Mesopotamia, pyramids in Egypt)	11
7427436091	River Valley Civilizations	first civilizations in the Middle East, Egypt, northwestern India, and northern China, most declined by 1200 B.C.E.	12
7427436092	Ideographs	picture symbols first used as writing in China	13
7427436093	Babylonians	people who invaded Mesopotamia and extended the empire	14
7427436094	Hammurabi	Babylonian king who introduced the most famous early code of law, involving harsh punishments	15
7427436095	Egyptian Civilization	river valley civilization in northern Africa, along the Nile River, formed by 3000 B.C.E.	16
7427436096	Pharaoh	king of Egypt	17
7427436097	Indian Civilization	river valley civilization along the Indus River, formed by 2500 B.C.E., supporting several large cities, including Harappa and Mohenjo Daro	18
7427436098	Chinese Civilization	river valley civilization along the Huanghe (Yellow) River in China	19
7427436099	"Barbarians"	people not in civilizations	20
7427436100	Phoenician Alphabet	first simplified alphabet with 22 letters, emerged in 1300 B.C.E.	21
7427436101	Jews	developed first monotheistic religion	22
7427436102	Zhou Dynasty	Chinese dynasty lasting from 1029-258 B.C.E. featuring decentralized politics but increased cultural innovation and unity	23
7427436103	Era of Warring States	402-201 B.C.E., a period at the end of the Zhou dynasty in which the Chinese political system disintegrated	24
7427436104	Qin Dynasty	2nd dynasty in China, lasting only about 35 years, during which the first national census was instituted and the Great Wall was begun to be built	25
7427436105	Shi Huangdi	the brutal but brilliant ruler of the Qin dynasty	26
7427436106	Han Dynasty	3rd dynasty in China, from 202 B.C.E.-220 C.E., centralized Chinese government, expanded territory and began direct contacts with other civilizations	27
7427436107	Madate of Heaven	claim of divine rule used to legitimize Chinese emperors	28
7427436108	Confucianism	philosophy and system of ethics that dominated Chinese culture based on the teachings of Confucius that stressed respect for social superiors, moderation in behavior, and veneration of tradition (basically do unto others as your status and theirs dictate)	29
7427436109	Mandarin bureaucrats	the Han dynasty established an elaborate bureaucracy of about 130,000 people, the emperor Wu Ti established the first civil service exams	30
7427436110	Legalism	pragmatic Chinese system of political thought based on strict discipline and restraint, with an authoritarian state that ruled by force	31
7427436111	Daoism	Chinese philosophy promoted by Laozi based on harmony and balance in and with nature	32
7427436112	Five Classics	set of literature written during the early part of the Zhou dynasty including political materials, discussion of etiquette and ceremonies, and poetry	33
7427436113	Chinese Classical Social Hierarchy	SPAM- Scholars, Peasants, Artisans, "Mean People"	34
7427436114	Filial piety	in Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors	35
7427436115	Silk Road	network of caravan trade routes throughout China	36
7427436116	Aryans	Indo-European speaking nomads who entered India from the Central Asian steppes between 1500 and 1000 BC and greatly affected Indian society.	37
7427436117	Sanskrit	(Hinduism) an ancient language of India (the language of the Vedas and of Hinduism)	38
7427436118	Vedas	sacred texts in the Hindu religion, they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests	39
7427436119	Vedic and Epic Ages	Several centuries between the destruction of the Indus River civilization and the revival of full civilization elsewhere on the subcontinent; Also called the formative period, in which Indo-European migrants gradually came to terms with agriculture, but had their own impact on the culture and social structure of their new home.	40
7427436120	Upanishads	commentaries on the Vedas that are considered sacred texts in the Hindu religion	41
7427436121	Caste System	a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society, used in India brought by the Aryans	42
7427436122	Varnas	KBVSU: Kshatriyas (warrior/governing class), Brahmins (priests), Vaisyas (traders and farmers), Sudras (common laborers), Untouchables (filth group)	43
7427436123	Mauryan Dynasty	dynasty founded in India by a soldier named Chadragupta in 322 B.C.E. that had a large army, large bureaucracy, promoted trade and communication, and are known for unifying India. `	44
7427436124	Ashoka	(269-232 B.C.E.) most prominent Mauryan ruler, unified almost all of India, tried to mix Buddhism and Hinduism, and connected the subcontinent to the Silk Road	45
7427436125	Gupta Dynasty	Indian Hindu dynasty that reinforced the caste system and decentralized the government	46
7427436126	Hinduism	belief system from India from the literature, traditions and class system (caste system) of the Aryan invaders. priests=Brahmins, polytheistic religion with a belief in reincarnation based on a person's good karma, by following the moral law of dharma, in order to achieve unificaion with the soul of Brahma (moshka)	47
7427436127	Vishnu and Shiva	the two most important deities in the Hindu religion	48
7427436128	Bhagavad Gita	Short poem that illustrates the expectations Hinduism made for individuals and the promise of salvation that it held out to them; Self-contained Mahabharata; Dialogue between Arjuna(kshatriya warrior going into battle) and Krishna(human incarnation of Vishnu)	49
7427436129	Buddhism	belief system from India founded by prince Guatama (the Buddha) in 53 BCE, based on self control and equal treatment for all, in order to reach nirvana	50
7427436130	Classical Indian Literature	Vedic and Epics	51
7427436131	Stupas	religious buildings that originally housed Buddha relics. Stupas developed into familiar Buddhist architecture	52
7427436132	Persian Empire	an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC	53
7427436133	Pericles	Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece	54
7427436134	Peloponnesian Wars	a war fought between Athens and Sparta in the 400s BC, ending in a victory for Sparta	55
7427436135	Alexander the Great	king of Mcedonia who conquered Geece, Persia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley; his conquests spread Greek culture throughout parts of 3 continents	56
7427436136	Punic Wars	A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.	57
7427436137	Polis	city-state	58
7427436138	democracy	stated in Athens	59
7427436139	senate and consuls	made by Patricians. were the highest branch of government	60
7427436140	roman law	this Roman contribution delt mostly with the rights of Roman citizens; one belief was that it should be fair and equal to all people	61
7427436141	aristotle	Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.	62
7427436142	socrates	philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method	63
7427436143	rationality	the quality of being consistent with or based on logic	64
7427436144	sophocles	one of the great tragedians of ancient Greece (496-406 BC)	65
7427436145	cicero	a Roman statesman and orator remembered for his mastery of Latin prose (106-43 BC)	66
7427436146	kush	From about 500 BC to 150 AD this Nubian empire in North Africa controlled a large trade netowrk, including Egypt	67
7427436147	ethiopia	a Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa	68
7427436148	silk road	an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles)	69
7427436149	shintoism	the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma, focusing on nature and ancestor worship	70
7427436150	olmec	a member of an early Mesoamerican civilization centered around Veracruz that flourished between 1300 and 400 BC	71
7427436151	teotihuacan	A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100-75 C.E.). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600. (p. 300)	72
7427436152	hindi	the most widely spoken of modern Indic vernaculars	73
7427436153	constantine	Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)	74
7427436154	byzantine empire	a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395	75
7427436155	sassanid empire	the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years.[1] The Sassanid dynasty was founded by Ardashir I after defeating the last Parthian (Arsacid) king, in Persia	76
7427436156	coptic church	the ancient Christian church of Egypt	77
7427436157	syncretism	the union (or attempted fusion) of different systems of thought or belief (especially in religion or philosophy)	78
7427436158	bodhisattvas	belief that all Buddhists, no matter what level of society they are from can reach nirvana	79
7427436159	Paul	(New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles	80
7427436160	Pope	the head of the Roman Catholic Church	81
7427436161	animism	the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls	82
7427436162	bedouin	a member of a nomadic tribe of Arabs	83
7427436163	mecca	City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. (p. 230)	84
7427436164	muhammad	the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)	85
7427436165	qur'an	the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina	86
7427436166	umma	holy community, all who worship, the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan	87
7427436167	jihad	a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal	88
7427436168	sunni	a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad	89
7427436169	shi'a	the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad	90
7427436170	umayyads	A dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from 661 to 750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus.	91
7427436171	dhimmi	Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus & Buddhists	92
7427436172	hadiths	Traditions of the prophet Muhammad	93
7427436173	abbasids	A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.	94
7427436174	mosque	(Islam) a Muslim place of worship	95
7427436175	dhows	Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design	96
7427436176	Mahdi	the Muslim messiah, an expected spiritual and temporal ruler destined to establish a reign of righteousness throughout the world. al-Mahdi was a caliph	97
7427436177	harun al-rashid	caliph after al-Mahdi that split the empire between his two sons when he died	98
7427436178	harem	living quarters reserved for wives and concubines and female relatives in a Muslim household	99
7427436179	persian buyids	dynasty that took control of the abbasid caliphate in the 930s	100
7427436180	seljuk turks	nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly	101
7427436181	crusades	1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade	102
7427436182	saladin	A Kurdish general who conquered Egypt and Syria in the twelfth century. His capture of Jerusalem precipitated a crusade. He became legendary for his military genius and generosity.	103
7427436183	ibn khaldun	Arab historian. He developed an influential theory on the rise and fall of states. Born in Tunis, he spent his later years in Cairo as a teacher and judge. In 1400 he was sent to Damascus to negotiate the surrender of the city. (336)	104
7427436184	ulama	the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community	105
7427436185	sufism	Islamic mysticism	106
7427436186	baghdad	Capital city of Iraq. As heart of the Arab Empire, it was second only to Constantinople in terms of size and grandeur in 1000 C.E.	107
7427436187	"arabic numerals"	numerals we use today, originally from India	108
7427436188	sultanate of delhi	Unstable kingdom in North India founded by the Ghaznavids. This invasion was more systematic than Mahmud's and after it succedded, the capital was established at Delhi. Raided south India. 19 of 35 sultans were assasinated. Established Islam in India. No military or bureaucracy.	109
7427436189	sati	Indian tradition of widows being burned on their husbands funeral pyres	110
7427436190	bhaktic cults	Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshipped gods were Vishnu and Shiva	111
7427436191	shrivijaya	Trading empire centered on Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra; controlled trade of empire; Buddhist government resistant to Muslim missionaries; fall in 13th century opened up southeastern Asia to Muslim conversion.	112
7427436192	malacca	Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca. Also spelled Melaka. (p. 387)	113
7427436193	stateless societies	african societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states	114
7427436194	bantu migration	the movement of the bantu peoples southward throghout africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000	115
7427436195	islamization	The spread of Islamic faith across Middle East, Asia, and Northern Africa	116
7427436196	ethiopia	only African kingdom that stayed Christian	117
7427436197	sudanic states	kingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power, from the Senegal river to the Niger River. The states were ruled by a patriarch or council of elders. There was a core territorial area and then surrounding subordinate ones. The rulers of sudanic states were considered sacred and separate from their subjects. when islam spread to this area, only Royals practiced it and it was not spread to the people.	118
7427436198	mansa musa	this Islamic Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west africa	119
7427436199	timbuktu	City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning (388	120
7427436200	swahili	A Bantu language with arabic words, spoken along the east african coast	121
7427436201	Kingdom of Kongo	African kingdom based on agriculture formed on the lower Congo River by late 15th century, capital at Mbanza Kongo, ruled by hereditary monarchy	122
7427436202	Great Zimbabwe	Bantu confederation of Shona-speaking peoples located between Zambezi and Limpopo rivers, developed after 9th century, featured royal courts built of stone, created centralized state by 15th century, king took title of Mwene Mutapa	123
7427436203	Justinian	Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered from Persia much of the territory previously ruled by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code	124
7427436204	Empress Theodora	-, wife of Emperor Justinian I, convinced him to put down a rebellion in 532 A.D.	125
7427436205	Byzantine bureaucracy	complex bureaucracy trained in Greek classics, philosophy, and science in a secular school system, talent based bureaucracy	126
7427436206	icons	paintings of saints and religious figures	127
7427436207	the Great Schism	1054, split between western and eastern Christianity to make eastern orthodox and catholicism	128
7427436208	the battle of mazikert	1071m byzantine emperor lost this battle to the Islamic Seljuk Turks, sealing the Byzantine empire's doom	129
7427436209	fall of constantinople	1453, Turks attacked the city,it was in Turk control by 1461	130
7427436210	cyrillic	slavic alphabet	131
7427436211	russian orthodox church	eastern christianity	132
7427436212	slavs	slavic peoples	133
7427436213	kievan rus	city set up by scandinavian traders in 855 ce	134
7427436214	vladimir 1	prince in kievan rus from 980-1015 who forced christianity on his people, starting the russian orthodox church	135
7427436215	boyars	russian aristocrats	136
7427436216	tatars	Mongol invaders into russia	137
7427436217	"third rome"	what russia was trying to be	138
7427436218	"middle ages"	the period between the fall of the Roman Empire in the west (470) and the beginning of the European Renaissance in the 1400s. This period is also known as "Medieval."	139
7427436219	vikings	seagoing scandinavian invaders who disrupted european life	140
7427436220	manorialism	the system of economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers in Europe, where most people were serfs	141
7427436221	monasteries	Centers of religious learning in the early Middle Ages, most important set of monastic rules from Benedict of Nursia	142
7427436222	charlemagne	around 800, carolingian ruler who established a substantial empire in france and germany	143
7427436223	feudalism	the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th C in which nobles offered protection and land in return for service	144
7427436224	william the conqueror	the duke of normandy in 1066 who invaded England and created a kingdom using feudal principles with a slightly more centralized approach	145
7427436225	magna carta	This document, signed by King John of England in 1215, is the cornerstone of English justice and law. It declared that the king and government were bound by the same laws as other citizens of England. It contained the antecedents of the ideas of due process and the right to a fair and speedy trial that are included in the protection offered by the U.S. Bill of Rights	146
7427436226	crusades	1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade	147
7427436227	Pope Gregory VII	(r. 1073-1085) Figure behind investiture contreversy, battles with Henry IV, Dictatus Papai- "papal wishlist"	148
7427436228	scholasticism	A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century.	149
7427436229	gothic style	type of European architecture that developed in the Middle Ages, characterized by flying buttresses, ribbed vaulting, thin walls, and high roofs	150
7427436230	chaucer's canterbury tales	poetry written in vernacular tongues	151
7427436231	banking	began by Italian businesspeople to facilitate the long-distance exchange of money and goods	152
7427436232	hanseatic league	An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. (p. 401)	153
7427436233	guilds	Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests	154
7427436234	black death	bubonic plague, 1348	155
7427436235	"indians"	term to describe native americans derived from christopher columbus' mistake when he thought he had reached the Indes, but instead had reached america	156
7427436236	toltecs	Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization. (p.236)	157
7427436237	topiltzin/quetzalcoatl	toltec leader and preist dedicated to the god quetzalcoatl whose legend gives the story of the toltecs	158
7427436238	aztecs	(1200-1521) 1325, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region- had a social contract in which subject peoples were forced to pay tribute, surrender lands and do military service in order to survive. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.	159
7427436239	tenochtitlan	aztec capital	160
7427436240	"flower wars"	territories were left unconquered in order to stage wars in which both sides could obtain captives for sacrifice	161
7427436241	huitzilopochtli	Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god	162
7427436242	chinampas	Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.	163
7427436243	pochteca	Aztec merchants. Extremely wealthy. Had a huge quantity of material goods etc. But explicitly forbidden to take part in political hierarchy so as not to throw off the balance of power.	164
7427436244	calpulli	Clans in Aztec society, later explanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors to leaders	165
7427436245	bernardino de sahagun	Spanish missionary to Aztecs of Mexico, "Florentine Codex", wrote encyclopedia "Father of modern ethnography" (study of culture)	166
7427436246	ayllus	In Incan society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler, Households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from some common, sometimes mythical ancestor.	167
7427436247	twantinsuyu	Word for Inca Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina	168
7427436248	cuzco	The capital city of the Incan Empire, Located in present-day Peru	169
7427436249	temple of the sun	temple and center of the state religion in cuzco where mummies were kept	170
7427436250	tambos	Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies on move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages	171
7427436251	mita	Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control.	172
7427436252	yanas	A class of people within Inca society removed from their ayllus to serve permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the inca or the Inca nobility.	173
7427436253	quipu	incan system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records	174

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AP World History Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5667202559	Hominid	Humans and other creatures that walk upright	0
5667202560	Civilization	A complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements such as social structures, religion and art	1
5667202561	Plebian	In the roman republic a social clas made up of minor landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers	2
5667202562	Triumvirate	A government by 3 people with equal powers	3
5667202563	Hijrah	The journey of Muhammad and his followers to Madinah in 622, which became year of the official calender of Islam	4
5667202564	Hijj	A pilgrimage to Makka, one of the requirments of the 5 pillars of Islam	5
5667202565	Feudalism	Polical and social order that developed during the middle ages when royal governments were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service	6
5667202566	Vassal	Under feudalism, a man who served a lord in a military capacity	7
5667202567	Chivalry	In the middle ages, the ideal of civilized behavior that developed among the nobility; code of ethics knights had to uphold	8
5667202568	Fief	Under feudalism, a grant of land made to a vassal	9
5667202569	Dowry	A gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage, either by the bride's parents to her husband or, in Islamic societies by a husband to his wife	10
5667202570	Lay investiture	The practice by which secular rulers both chose nominees to church offices and gave the symbols of their office	11
5667202571	Interdict	A decree by the pope that forbade priests from frin giving the sacraments of the church to the people	12
5667202572	Infidel	An unbeliever	13
5667202573	Anti-semitism	Hostility or discrimination against Jews	14
5667202574	Humanism	An intellectual movement of the renaissance based on the study	15
5667202575	Indulgence	A release from all or part of punishments for sin by the catholic church	16
5667202576	Predestination	Belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned	17
5667202577	Mercantillism	A set of principles that dominated economic thought in the 17th century	18
5667202578	Encomienda	A system of labor the spanish used in the americas	19
5667202579	Inflation	Rapid increase in prices	20
5667202580	Divine right of kings	The belief that kings recieve their power from God and are responsible to only god	21
5667202581	Puritans	English protestants who thought church needed further reform and sought to simplify forms of worship	22
5667202582	Natural rights	The principle set forth by charles darwin that some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others	23
5667202583	Absolutism	Political system in which ruler has total power	24
5667202584	Mannerism	An artistic movement that emerged in Italy; marked the end of the renaissance by breaking down principles of balance, harmony, and moderationn	25

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AP World History Lexicon Flashcards

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3725675250	Animism	A religion that believes that nature contains spirits.	0
3725675251	Cuneiform	The first form of writing that we have any knowledge of. Written in clay, wedge shaped symbols.	1
3725675252	Hammurabi	Ancient ruler of Mesopotamia around 18th century bc. He formed the Code of __________, an ancient law code that consists of 282 laws inspired by Marduk that emphasized lex talionis, (an eye for an eye), that helped stop blood feuds.	2
3725675253	Paleolithic	The early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.	3
3725675254	Hunter- Gatherers	People that obtain food through hunting and gathering, constantly moving (nomadic).	4
3725675255	Olmec	Oldest known civilization in Mesoamerica. Famous for their giant head sculptures.	5
3725675256	Cultural Diffusion	The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions and nationalities has increased with advanced communication, transportation and technology.	6
3725675257	Pastoralism	An intermediate stage before human got to to fixed agriculture, where the people followed the herds of animals.	7
3725675258	Syncretism	The mixing of religions.	8
3725675259	Caesar Augustus	_______ was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.	9
3725675260	Doric/ Ionic/ Corinthian	The three classical greek orders of art. Doric was the plainest, Ionic was more elegant, from Ionia, and Corinthian was the most elaborate, very floral.	10
3725675261	Emperor Constantine	Emperor of Rome (306-337) who adopted the Christian faith and suspended the persecution of Christians. He rebuilt Constantinople as the new Rome (330).	11
3725675262	Emperor Justinian	He was a Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565. He formed the code of _____. Believed in a restoring of the Byzantine empire to the size of imperial Rome.	12
3725675263	Hellenistic	Refers to Greek like civilization that developed after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC.	13
3725675264	Helots	A slave in Sparta, when the Spartans conquered Mycenae they enslaved the conquered.	14
3725675265	Latifundia	These were the landid estates in commonly from the senatorial class that gave them their power.	15
3725675266	Magna Graecia	Great Greece; extended Greek culture that expanded throughout, greek colonies.	16
3725675267	Mandate of Heaven	The Chinese idea that the Chinese emperor received power from heaven. The emperor had this until things turned bad and he "lost" his power from heaven.	17
3725675268	Pax Romana	Roman peace, a period around 27BC to 180AD. Rome was relatively peaceful, not without any skirmishes though.	18
3725675269	Polis (Poleis)	A Greek word for city-state, the city and the area around it. Some of the most well known Greek city states are Athens and Sparta.	19
3725675270	Socrates	470-399 bc, Athenian philosopher, whose beliefs are known only through the writings of his pupils Plato and Xenophon. He taught that virtue was based on knowledge, which was attained by a dialectical process that took into account many aspects of a stated hypothesis.	20
3725675271	Abbasid Caliphate	The second of the two great dynasties of the Muslim Empire after the Umayyad. Named after Muhammad's uncle. It was a prominent caliphate based in Baghdad. It truly was the golden age of Islam, around 750 to 1258 ad.	21
3725675272	Abrahamic Religions	Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All three claim descent from Abraham.	22
3725675273	Arian	Two different definitions, 1- the early people that came from Iran, and settled in India, who were taller than the indigenous people, and lighter skinned. 2- the idea of a superior Nordic race, yellow hair, blue eyes; Hitler believed in it.	23
3725675274	Caesaropapism	A concept that developed in the Byzantine empire where the emperor wore the hat of spiritual head, and the secular head as well.	24
3725675275	Carolingian Rennaisance	The first of three medieval renaissances, was a period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire occurring from the late eighth century to the ninth century, taking inspiration from the Christian Roman Empire of the 4th century. During this period there was an increase of literature, writing, the arts, architecture, jurisprudence, liturgical reforms, and scriptural studies.	25
3725675276	Carolingian	The Frankish dynasty that reigned in France 751-987, first under Charlemagne, and in Germany until a.d. 911.	26
3725675277	Charlemagne	Charles I, also called Charles the Great lived 747-814, king of the Franks (768-814), king of the Lombards (774-814), and first emperor (800-814) of the Romans and of what was later called the Holy Roman Empire.	27
3725675278	Corpus Juris Civilis (Code of Justinian)	Refers to the body of civil law, the most extensive Roman law code ever made. _______ was the greatest emperor of the Byzantine empire.	28
3725675279	Dar al-Islam	The area of the world under the rule of Islam , literally, "the home of Islam" or "the home of submission." This is often used by extremists to include areas that used to be part of the Muslim world such as Al-Andalus (Spain) as well as the Muslim world.	29
3725675280	Feudalism	The legal and social system that evolved in western Europe in the 8th and 9th centuries, where vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and were required to serve under them in war.	30
3725675281	Fief	In a feudal system, it is a piece of land given to a subordinate in exchange for their military service.	31
3725675282	Filioque	Means "and the son." It was added to the Nicene Creed by Rome in the 11th century. It is a huge source of friction between the Eastern and Western Church.	32
3725675283	Five Pillars of Islam	1- Daily prayer five times a day facing east. 2- fasting during the month of Ramadan during daylight hours. 3- Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). 4- Almsgiving; giving to the poor etc. 5- Believe in the creed and being able to recite the creed.	33
3725675284	Gothic	The style of architecture that was used in western Europe from the 12th to the 16th centuries, characterized by the lancet arch, the ribbed vault, and the flying buttress.	34
3725675285	Hagia Sophia	Means 'holy wisdom'. Justinian brought about this cathedral's building in the sixth century in Constantinople.	35
3725675286	Hajj	A religious pilgrimage that all Muslims must make to Mecca in their lifetime.	36
3725675287	Hegira	622 AD, The beginning of the Islamic calendar, in that year Muhammad left Mecca for Medina.	37
3725675288	Ibn Battuta	He was a Medieval Muslim traveler and scholar, who is widely recognized as one of the greatest travelers of all time. He visited most of the known islamic world as well as other parts of the world.	38
3725675289	Iconoclasm	In the Byzantine empire, people destroyed icons because they thought they were graven images, such as statues of mary.	39
3725675290	Ka'ba	A large square stone that is a shrine, located near the centre of the Great Mosque in Mecca and considered by Muslims everywhere to be the most sacred spot on Earth. Muslims orient themselves toward this shrine during the five daily prayers.	40
3725675291	Kamikaze	Means Divine Wind in Japanese. Japan is very proud that it was never invaded by the Mongols because a massive storm blew their fleets away from Japan.	41
3725675292	Kievan Russia	A loose federation of East Slavic tribes in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century	42
3725675293	Mameluks	A member of a military class, originally of Turkish slaves, ruling in Egypt from about 1250 to 1517 and remaining powerful until crushed in 1811.	43
3725675294	Manor	A self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence, outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land.	44
3725675295	Quran	The _____ is the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic.	45
3725675296	Hadith	A collection of sayings or traditions associated with the life of Muhammad, what Muhammad did.	46
3725675297	Serf	A peasant who is "tied" to the land, commonly a servant that is bound under the feudal system to stay on his owners estate.	47
3725675298	Sharia Law	The code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed; "____ ___ is only applicable to Muslims"; "under Islamic law there is no separation of church and state"	48
3725675299	Simony	The practice, now usually regarded as a sin, of buying or selling spiritual or Church benefits such as pardons, relics, etc, or preferments	49
3725675300	Sunni's/ Shi'ites	______ are the majority Branch of Islam, believed that any well qualified man can become the caliph. They don't look just at the Qu'ran, but also at Muhammad's life and hadith. ______ are the minority branch of Islam, believe that the caliphs should be a direct descendant of Muhammad, and they mostly followed the Qu'ran.	50
3725675301	Ulama	A body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology.	51
3725675302	Umayyad Caliphate	It was the first Muslim dynasty to rule the caliphate. Centered on the ______ dynasty, hailing from Mecca. It was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.	52
3725675303	Umma	The worldwide islamic community that transcends borders.	53
3725675304	Vassal	In the feudal system, the ____ is the lower ranking person to whom a fief is given by their lord or king in exchange for military service.	54
3725675305	Vikings	Scandinavian seafaring warriors who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the 9th to the 11th century and whose disruptive influence profoundly affected European history. Tended not to focus on cities, but on rural areas, such as convents and smaller villages.	55
3725675306	Zheng He	A Chinese, Muslim, unich (he was castrated). He was an admiral, and in the 15th century he lead seven massive expeditions on many ships that explored the Indian Ocean.	56
3725675307	Baroque		57
3725675308	Caravel	A small light ship that was extremely maneuverable that was used in the age of exploration by Portugal and Spain. With a few cannons on board they were very formidable.	58
3725675309	Columbian Exchange	The exchange of goods and ideas between the New World and the Old World.	59
3725675310	Divine Right of Kings	The belief that the legitimacy to rule comes from God, therefore monarchs are divinely appointed to rule.	60
3725675311	Encomienda		61
3725675312	Gunpowder Empires	Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires. Each of these three empires had considerable military success using the newly developed firearms, especially cannon and small arms, in the course of their empires. They are also all muslim.	62
3725675313	Ignatius Loyola	Founded the society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits. Officially founded in the 1500's. Jesuits were	63
3725675314	Holy Roman Emperor Charles V	The most powerful man in europe in the first half of the 16th century. Ruled Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, and areas around there.	64
3725675315	Mannerism		65
3725675316	Mercantilism	An economic theory states that the more regulated an economy is, the more productive the economy is. Under this theory, it is also believed that the measure of a nations wealth is its gold and silver. Believed in importing materials and exporting manufactured goods.	66
3725675317	Mestizo	A man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian.	67
3725675318	Rococo		68
3725675319	Social Contract Theory	Formed in the late 1600's after the 30 years war. An extremely old concept that is the view that someones' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live. One would obey the laws and rules of a society and they would receive protection and rights in exchange.	69
3725675320	Sprezzatura		70
3725675321	Treaty of Tordesillas	(1494) A treaty organized by the Pope, Alexander the VI, an agreement between Spain and Portugal, the two leaders in exploration. It was aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers.	71
3725675322	Bourgeoisie/ Proletariat	In Marxist thought, the 1___ are the ruling class of the two basic classes of capitalist society, consisting of capitalists, manufacturers, bankers, and other employers. The 2___ are the class of workers, especially industrial wage earners, who do not possess capital or property and must sell their labor to survive.	72
3725675323	Deism	The idea that God made the universe and us, but he removes himself from altering the world or anything after it was created. God as the "watchmaker".	73
3725675324	Karl Marx	This man's view on revolution was that the working class, the proletariat, would lead the revolution.	74
3725675325	Laissez-Faire	Free market; the government refrains from regulating the market, it acts against Mercantilism.	75
3725675326	Monroe Doctrine	The U.S. doctrine declared in 1823 that the U.S. wanted to stay out of the wars and conflicts of Europe and pretty much everyone. This was during the time that many south american countries were breaking away from their Spanish rule.	76
3725675327	Opium Wars	Began in the 1840's, where the British took Opium from india and brought it to China to addict them and open trade and ports.	77
3725675328	Pogrom		78
3725675329	Realism	The style of painting and sculpture developed about the mid-19th century in which figures and scenes are depicted as they are experienced or might be experienced in everyday life.	79
3725675330	Risorgimento	The resurgence of Italian national pride, lead to the formation of the united kingdom of Italy in 1861.	80
3725675331	Social Darwinism	The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.	81
3725675332	Zionism	The desire among Jews for a homeland of their own Palestine, realized in the founding of the state of Israel in 1948.	82
3725675333	African National Congress	An organization that formed the government in south africa after the abolishment of apartheid. It was formed in 1912 by the wealthy whites. It was banned from 1960 to 1990 because of its opposition to apartheid.	83
3725675334	Ataturk	Kemal, real name Mustafa Kemal. Lived 1881- 1938, Turkish general and statesman; founder of the Turkish republic and president of Turkey (1923-38), who westernized and secularized the country	84
3725675335	Atlantic Charter		85
3725675336	Balfour Declaration	1917, declaration made by the British government that said the British government will help form a state just for the Jews.	86
3725675337	Bandung Conference	1955, Held in Indonesia, where the newly independent nations in the world- the third world counties- held a conference to decide whether to align with soviet Russia (the second world) or the U.S. of A (the first world). They decided to stay third world.	87
3725675338	Boxer Rebellion	1900, The major Chinese rebellion against the European powers (+japan and the US). Mostly targeted the foreigners and Christians.	88
3725675339	Brezhnev Doctrine	The doctrine expounded by Leonid Brezhnev in November 1968 affirming the right of the Soviet Union to intervene in the affairs of Communist countries to strengthen Communism. "When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it becomes not only a problem of the country concerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries."	89
3725675340	Cubism		90
3725675341	Cultural Revolution	Occurred in China in the 1960's, it was an attempt to eradicate western influence in China under Mao Zedong.	91
3725675342	Dadaism	A nihilistic artistic movement of the early 20th century in western Europe and the US, founded on principles of irrationality, incongruity, and irreverence towards accepted aesthetic criteria.	92
3725675343	Duma		93
3725675344	Four Modernizations	Goals of the political leadership in China after the death of Mao Zedong: modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology.	94
3725675345	Fourteen Points	(1918) Terms placed by Woodrow Wilson, the president of the US at the time after WWI, to appeal to the germans so they would accept an Armistice.	95
3725675346	(1)Glastnost/ (2)Perestroika	1 _____ means transparency, made government transparent, see through. 2______ is economical restructuring, introducing limited free markets and free trade. In Russia, Gorbachev instated this ideology.	96
3725675347	Great Leap Forward	It was a plan to transform China into a society capable of competing with other industrialized nations, within a short, five-year time period under the rule of Mao Zedong. It failed.	97
3725675348	Intifada	The Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, beginning in 1987.	98
3725675349	Kellogg-Briand Pact	A treaty renouncing war as an instrument of national policy and urging peaceful means for the settlement of international disputes, originally signed in 1928 by 15 nations, later joined by 49 others.	99
3725675350	Keynesianism		100
3725675351	League of Nations	Founded directly after WWI that was an international association formed to help prevent war and conflict. The US never joined which made it much less significant. Superseded by the United Nations.	101
3725675352	Mao Zedong	He was a Marxist thinker, but knew that the working class was not large enough in China to lead a revolution, so he thought the peasants, farmers, would lead the revolution.	102
3725675353	Marshall Plan		103
3725675354	New Deal	A group of government programs and policies established under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s; the New Deal was designed to improve conditions for persons suffering in the Great Depression.	104
3725675355	New Economic Policy	In the Soviet Union, a program in effect from 1921 to 1928, reviving the wage system and private ownership of some factories and businesses, and abandoning grain requisitions.	105
3725675356	Operation Barbarossa	The code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, which began on 22 June 1941.	106
3725675357	Surrealism	A 20th-century movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, as if asleep, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.	107
3725675358	Wannsee Conference	1942, The meeting where the plans for the Holocaust were finalized.	108
3725675359	Yalta Conference	(1945) The _____ _____ was a meeting of British prime minister Winston Churchill, Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt early in February 1945 as World War II was winding down.	109
3725675360	3100 BC	Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt	110
3725675361	323 BC	Death of Alexander the Great; Date	111
3725675362	15 March, 44 BC	Assassination of Julius Caesar	112
3725675363	622	Hijra; Date	113
3725675364	732	Battle of Tours; Date	114
3725675365	800	Charlemagne crowned Emperor of the Romans; Date	115
3725675366	1054	Great Schism; Date	116
3725675367	1453	Fall of Constantinople; Date	117
3725675368	1517	95 Theses, Beginning of Prodestant Reformation; Date	118
3725675369	1588	Spanish Armada	119
3725675370	1618	Defenestration of Prague (Start of 30 Yrs War)	120
3725675371	1648	Peace of Westphalia (End of 30 Yrs War); Date	121
3725675372	1789	Beginning of French Revolution	122
3725675373	1815	Battle of Waterloo	123
3725675374	1848	Year of Revolutions	124
3725675375	28 June, 1914	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand	125
3725675376	11 November, 1918	Armistice	126
3725675377	October 1929	Wall Street Crash	127
3725675378	October 1962	Cuban Missile Crisis	128

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AP World History: Timeline Flashcards

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6808794407	To 500 bce	Period 1	0
6808794408	500 bce to 500 ce	Period 2	1
6808794409	500 to 1500	Period 3	2
6808794410	1450 to 1750	Period 4	3
6808794411	1750 to 1914	Period 5	4
6808794412	1914 to present	Period 6	5
6808794413	Major themes in period 1	Out of africa, agricaulture, first civilizations	6
6808794414	Major themes in period 2	Eurasian culture, tradition, heiarchies	7
6808794415	Major themes in period 3	Trade, china & the world, christianity, islam, mongols	8
6808794416	Major themes in period 4	Global commerce, encounters, religion & science	9
6808794417	Major themes in period 5	Revolutions, colonial encounters, (china, ottoman, japan)*struggles	10
6808794418	Major themes in period 6	Communism, global interaction,	11
6808794419	Major civilizations in period 1	Olmec, Norte Chico, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Shang dynasty	12
6808794420	Major civilizations in period 2	Persian empire, Greek empire, Rome, Qin/Han, kush, Axum, Bantu, Mali/Ghana, Maya, Moche, Chahokia	13
6808794421	Major civilizations in period 3	Song Dynasty, Japan/Korea/Vietnam, Byzantine Empire, Holy Roman Empire, Umayyad caliphate, Abbasid caliphate, Mongolian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Aztec, Inca	14
6808794422	Major civilizations in period 4	Mughal empire, Ottoman Empire, Qing dynasty, Byzantine, Africa, developing Western Europe	15
6808794423	Major civilizations in period 5	Americas, developing Europe,	16
6808794424	Major civilizations in period 6	Americas, Eastern Asia, Europe, Africa	17

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AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards

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5741257623	The physical and mental abilities that Homo sapiens gradually required gave these human beings the capacity to adapt to a new environment by	Altering their way of life rather than by evolving physically as do other species	0
5741257624	Buy scholarly convention prehistory refers to the period	Before the invention of writing	1
5741257625	The great benefit the benefit that provided early farmers was	A dependable food supply	2
5741257626	The most significant defining characteristic of the Paleolithic era was	The people relied on hunting and gathering for subsistence	3
5741257627	All of the following social changes were brought about by agriculture except	The invention of writing	4
5741257628	In Hammurabi's code one can find laws	All of these are correct	5
5741257629	The Phoenicians	Or prosperous based on their sea trade and commercial networks	6
5741257630	The interactions described in the inscriptions our best understood in the context of which of the following	The development of trade networks	7
5741257631	The tone of the first inscription best reflects which of the following development and early urban societies	The stratification of social groups	8
5741257632	The two tablets best support which of the following conclusions	Mesopotamians developed systems to record commercial transactions	9
5741257633	Which of the following is true of the social classes of ancient Mesopotamia	Priests and priestesses were powerful rulers over temple communities	10
5741257634	The key element in the expansion of the Indo-Europeans from their homeland was	Horses	11
5741257635	The Egyptian pyramids	All of these answers are correct	12
5741257636	Which of the following is true of Egyptian writing	It included hieroglyphic, hieratic,demotic and Coptic Scripts	13
5741257637	Our understanding of the harappan society depends entirely on	All of these answers are correct	14
5741257638	The Indo-Europeans who migrated to the Indian subcontinent	All of these are correct	15
5741257639	The period of Indian history from 1500 to 500 B.C.E. is called the Vedic age. it is so called because	The four earliest religious texts were compiled in this period	16
5741257640	The Indian cast system	Was a central institution that served to promote social stability	17
5741257641	According to Zhou political theory, the Zhou king overthrew the Shang dynasty because	The Shang lost the mandate of heaven	18
5741257642	The zhou Central government was unable to monopolize the production of Iron because	Iron ore was too cheap and abundant	19
5741257643	To rule in extensive territory without advance transportation and communication technology, Zhou rulers relied on decentralized administration, which meant that	They interested their subordinates to rule the regions of their kingdoms	20
5741257644	The religious school of early Buddhism was	Nirvana	21
5741257645	Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all	Worship only one God	22
5741257646	The belief that the soul never dies but is continually reborn or reincarnated with the possibility of moving up the cast system is associated with which religion	Hinduism	23
5741257647	The low sea levels during Ice Age is	Exposed land bridges that link to Siberia and Alaska with Australia and new beginning	24
5741257648	Which of the following is not true regarding migrations to the Americas	Most of the migrants arrived by boat	25
5741257649	As for early agriculture in Mesoamerica we can say that	The settlers developed maze as their staple food around 5000 B.C.E.	26
5741257650	The olmecs	All of these answers are correct	27
5741257651	The Olmec society produced	Huge sculptures of human heads	28
5741257652	The decline of Olmec society might have been caused by	Civil conflicts	29
5741257653	Which of the following was a part of Spartan life	All of these answers are correct	30
5741257654	Which of the following was in Athenean political leader	Pericles	31
5741257655	How democratic was the Athenian democracy	All male citizens were qualified to join the city councils	32
5741257656	The Peloponnesian war was fought between	Two groups of Greek adversaries under the leadership of Athens and Sparta	33
5741257657	Alexander's troops refused to go any farther from home after they reached	India	34
5741257658	Greek philosophy is often characterized as a rational because	It was based purely on human reason	35
5741257659	The society of etruscans was rulled by	Powerful Kings	36
5741257660	The Roman Republic was dominated by	Patrician	37
5741257661	During the Punic wars the Romans came into conflict with the cathaginians when the romans expanded to	Sicily	38
5741257662	Which of the following was done by Cesar after he sees the war in 49 B.C.E.	All of these are correct	39
5741257663	Augustuss government was	A monarchy disguised as a republic	40
5741257664	Which of the following is true of the Roman family	It included the pater families who was the authority	41
5741257665	As a result of the Persian wars the Greeks	Unified as an empire	42
5741257666	The chavin civilization, which rules in the Andes from 900 to 300 B.C.E., is unique among ancient civilizations because	It developed in the mountains which access to the coast it rather than a river valley	43
5741257667	Socially and in terms of influence the Roman Republic was dominated by	Patricians	44
5741257668	In contrast to Persia and China, classical India	Lacked a strong and continuing imperial tradition	45
5741257669	Ashoka, The great emperor of the Mauryan empire	Converted to Buddhism after his bloody war against Kalinga	46
5741257670	Which of the following was a favorable condition for developing long-distance trade during the classical era	All of these correct	47
5741257671	Mohammed experience profound spiritual revelation that led him to believe that	He was the last prophet of Allah	48
5741257672	The five pillars are two Muslims as	The noble eight fold path is to Buddhist	49
5741257673	The umayyad dynasty was founded by	The Sunnis	50
5741257674	The political and economic powerhouse of the Mediterranean region	The Byzantine Empire	51
5741257675	The most important city in the Byzantine	Constantinople	52
5741257676	In the early middle ages the economic activity of the western Europe was	Predominately agriculture	53
5741257677	Which one of the following statements did not describe the crusades	The campaigns showed European military superiority to Muslim armies	54
5741257678	Instability of the 14th century in Western Europe was the result of	All of these are correct	55
5741257679	All the following trends a cured in the decades after the outbreak of the bubonic plague in 1348 except	Downward trend in the prices of manufactured goods	56
5741257680	Which of the following was not a characteristics of the Renaissance	Strong anti-Christian sentiment	57
5741257681	The prince argued that	The prince highest obligation was the preservation of his state	58
5741257682	Which was the most important cause of the development of feudalism in Europe	Collapse of the authority of central classical government	59
5741257683	Which statement best explains the relationships amongst groups of people under feudalism	Obligations among social classes were clearly defined	60
5741257684	Feudalism evolve in response to a need for	Protection	61
5741257685	The basic unit of medieval rural Organization was the	Manor	62

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6742300410	Argarian	The cultivation of land	0
6742305648	Barbarian	Person in a savage or primitive state	1
6742314728	Bureaucracy	A system of government in which most of the decisions are made by state officials rather then elected representatives	2
6742344706	Sumerians	First civilization in Mesopotamia	3
6742349034	Amorites	Nomads that took over Mesopotamia and started the Babylonian	4
6742358404	Phoenicians	Collection of Mediterranean city states known for trading, sailing, cedar wood, and purple dye	5
6742368137	Nile River	Acted as a two way highway in Egypt	6
6742373436	Aryans	Nomadic warriors that brought early Hinduism to India	7
6742410610	Upanishads	Formalized Hinduism is the 6th century BCE	8
6742414818	Middle Kingdom	Name for China	9
6742417839	Animism	Religion in Shang Dynasty	10
6742421766	Mandate of Heaven	Zhou Dynasty used for consent	11
6742426041	Royal Road	Persian road that unified and was used for trading	12
6742434061	Zoroasterianism	Theology that the world was divided	13
6742436364	Aegean Sea	Body of water that Greek Culture revolved around	14
6742449405	Socrates	Questioned altenian political system after loss of the Peloponnesian War	15
6742459989	Hellinistic Culture	Combination of Greek and Persian culture by Alexander the Great	16
6742469590	Filial Piety	Confucian ideal that respect starts in the home	17
6742473612	Taoism	Philosophy that nature and instinct is "the way"	18
6742482523	Legalism	Rule through coercion and fear	19
6742485571	Xiongdu	Nomads that took over the northern Han	20
6742495129	Ashoka	Mauryan ruler and Buddhist who led with morals	21
6742498489	Guptas	Indian dynasty that was loosely structured but advanced in culture and learning	22
6742517404	Patriarchy	A form of social organization in which males dominate females	23
6742524800	Mesopotamia	"land between the rivers"; fertile crescent	24
6742532726	Labor Specialization	division of jobs and skills in a society	25
6742537325	Metallurgy	the science of working with metals	26
6742551174	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets	27
6742565211	Code of Hammurabi	1st written code of law	28
6742575469	Caste System	A hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life	29
6742590671	Devshirme	ottoman "blood tax'	30
6742594360	China	wanted most silver	31
6742599537	Copernicus	Believed earth revolved around the sun	32
6742604485	Neo-confucianism	response to Buddhism in China	33
6742609707	Columbian Exchange	biological east and west exchange	34
6742614746	Justanians Code	Byzantine law influenced by romans	35
6742622515	Jesuits	catholic missionaries in asia and americas	36
6742634379	Maize and Potatoes	Crops that increased in Europe and Asia populations	37
6742641648	Smallpox	Decimated native american population	38
6742647550	Capitalism	economies with private ownerships	39
6742662239	Manchus	Founded the last China dynasty	40
6742666134	Creoles	full spanish born in americas	41
6742670853	Ecomienda	Spanish labor system	42
6742677017	Ottomans	Conquered the Byzantines	43
6742686268	Serfs	People legally bound to their land	44
6742700533	Mullans	Religious safavid leaders convert to Shiism	45
6742704619	Imams	religious leader descendant of Ali	46
6742714637	Constantinople	Renamed to Istanbul	47
6742719486	Shan Abbas	Safavid Ruler	48
6742722745	Isfahan	Safavid Capital	49
6742737885	Akbar	Mughal Leader	50
6742741361	Babur	Founded Mughals	51
6742744172	Suleyman	Ottoman Sultan	52
6742749745	Ismall	Safavid Leader	53
6742751587	Sharia	Islamic Law	54
6742754098	Jizya	Tax on Hindus	55
6742757413	Shah Jahan	Built Taj Mahal	56
6742760242	El Mina	Important Factory	57
6742763386	Nzing Mvemba	Congo ruler who converted kingdom to Christianity and worked to end slave trade	58
6742772633	Royal African Company	Source of Slaves	59
6742780015	Indies piece	Equivalent worth of a healthy slave man (spanish)	60
6742795521	Triangular Trade	Slaves go to Americas, American goods go to Europe, products sent to Africa	61
6742809241	Fulani	Religious brotherhoods trying to get closer to God	62
6742816971	3 african civilizations	Asante Benin Dahomey	63
6742822299	Shaka/Zulu	Military nguni leader of Zulu chiefdom used iron discipline	64
6742830106	Mfecane	Wars forcing migration	65
6742833082	Middle Passage	Sharing of ideas between slaves and colonial peoples	66
6742852761	Salt Water Slaves	African born slaves	67
6742856067	Creole	American born descendants of salt water slaves	68
6742867459	Asian sea trading Network	trade west to east into three zones: Arabs, Indians, and Chinese	69
6742874893	Goa	Indian city developed by Portugese	70
6742911360	Apartheid	A system of racial segregation in South Africa	71
6742929571	White Huns	Invaders who weakened the empire of the Guptas	72
6742934454	Marae	Polynesian temple structure	73
6742951597	Hitites	Most formidable power in Anatolia	74
6758396012	Theocracy	A government ruled by God or by church leaders	75
6758396013	Artisan	A craftsman	76
6758396014	Polis	A Greek city-state	77
6758396015	Brahmin	A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society	78
6758396016	Democracy	A political system in which the people rule	79
6758396017	Monsoon	A seasonal wind	80
6758396018	Dynasty	A series of rulers from the same family	81
6758396019	Hieroglyphics	A system of picture writing used in Egypt	82
6758396020	Foraging	A term for hunting and gathering	83
6758396021	Pharoh	An Egyptian monarch	84
6758396022	Aftrifact	A object made by human hands	85
6758396023	Analects	Collection of teachings and sayings made by Confucius	86
6758396024	Jati	Complicated system of sub castes in the Hindu caste system	87
6758396025	Steppe	Dry grassland	88
6758396026	Filial Piety	I'm China, respect for one's parents and other elders	89
6758396027	Latifundia	Large holdings in the Roman Empire	90
6758396028	Ziggurat	Mesopotamian Temples	91
6758396029	Disciple	12 followers of Christ	92
6758396030	Reincarnation	Rebirth	93
6758396031	Polytheism	Belief in many gods	94
6758396032	Monotheism	Belief in one god	95
6758396033	Torah	First 5 books of the Jewish scripture	96
6758396034	Pope	Head of the Catholic Church	97
6758396035	Varna	Hindu word for caste	98
6758396036	10 commandments	Moral law of the Hebrews	99
6758396037	Pastoralism	Practice of herding	100
6758396038	Syncretism	Blend of two or more cultures or cultural traditions	101
6758396039	Austronesian	Branch of languages originating in Oceania	102
6758396040	Hadith	Collection of the saying and deeds of Mohammed	103
6758396041	Chivalry	Knight's code of honor in Medieval Europe	104
6758396042	Khan	A mongol Rulee	105
6758396043	Neo- Confucianism	Philosophy that blended Confucianism and Buddhist thought	106
6758396044	Parliament	A representative assembly	107
6758396045	Kowtow	A ritualistic bow practiced in the Chinese court	108
6760069635	Manorialism	System of self sufficient estates that arose in medieval Europe	109
6760069636	Lateen Sails	Triangular sail attached to a short mast	110
6760069637	Quechua	An Andean society also known as the Inca	111
6760069638	Sultan	Islamic ruler	112
6760069639	Parallel Descent	descent through both the father and mother	113
6760069640	Jihad	Islamic holy war	114
6760069641	Flying monkwy	Letters of credit issued in place of coins	115
6760069642	Shogun	Military leader under the Bakufu	116
6760069643	Muslim	One who submits; a follower of Islam	117
6760069644	Investiture	Authority claimed by monarchs to appoint church officials	118
6760069645	Shariah	Body of law that governs Muslim society	119
6760069646	Sunnu	Largest branch of Islam	120
6760069647	Caliph	Chief Muslim political and religious leader	121
6760069648	Bushido	Code of honor of the samurai in Japan	122
6760069649	Umma	Community of Muslim believers	123
6760069650	Allah	The god of Muslim	124
6760069651	Metropolitan	Head of Eastern Orthodox church	125
6769946372	Quran	The holy book of Islam	126
6769946373	Mosque	House of worship of followers of Islam	127
6769946374	Seppuki	Japanese practice of ritual suicide	128
6769946375	Samurai	Military class of feudal Japan	129
6769946376	Mexica	Name given to themselves by the Aztec people	130
6769946377	Shogunate	Rule of the shoguns	131
6769946378	Factor	Agent with trade privileges in early Russia	132
6769946379	Philosophes	French enlightens social thinkers	133
6769946380	Mestizos	Persons of mixed European and native descent	134
6769946381	Peninsulares	Those who were born in Europe	135
6769946382	Natural Laws	Principles that govern nature	136
6769946383	Boyars	Russian nobility	137
6769946384	Sovereignitt	Self-rulw	138
6769946385	Heliocentric revolution	Sun is the center of the solar system	139
6769946386	Purdah	Hindu custom of secluding women	140
6769946387	Estates general	Traditional legislative body of france	141
6769946388	Sues Canal	Constructed by Egypt in 1869	142
6769946389	Jacobins	Extreme radicals during the French Revolution	143
6769946390	Conscription	Military draft	144
6769946391	Boxer Rebellion	Revolt against foreign residents of China	145
6769946392	Proletarian	Class of workers in an industrial society	146
6769946393	Boers	South Africans of Dutch descent	147
6769946394	Estates	Division of society in pre-evolutionary France	148
6769946395	Inperialism	establishment of colonial empires	149
6769946396	Feminism	Movement to achieve women's rights	150
6769946397	Capital	Money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization	151
6769946398	Bill of Rights	First 10 amendments to the constitution	152
6769946399	Natural rights	Rights that belong to every person that the government can't take away	153
6769946400	Reign of Terror	Most extreme violence during the French Revolution	154
6769946401	Duma	Russian parliament	155
6769946402	Raj	Sanskrit name for the British government in India	156
6769946403	Estates-general	Traditional legislative body of France	157
6769946404	Treaty of Nanking	Treaty ending the Opium War	158
6769946405	Progrom	Violence against Jews in statist Russia	159
6769946406	Sino-Japanese war	War between Japan and China	160
6769946407	Opium War	War between Great Britain and China	161
6769946408	Russo-Japanese War	War between Japan and China	162
6769946409	Boer War	War between the British and the Dutch	163
6769946410	Qing dynasty	Invaders who ruled China	164
6769946411	Berlin conference	Meeting of European powers to divide Africa	165
6769946412	Sepoys	South Asian soldiers	166
6769946413	Separation of Powers	Division of powers among the legislative	167
6769946414	Young Turks	Society founded in 1889	168
6769946415	Liberalism	Favored civil rights	169
6769946416	Spanish-American wat	War between the United States and Spain	170
6769946417	Guano	Bird droppings	171
6769946418	Queu	A long ponytail that Chinese men wear	172
6769946419	Romanticism	Emphasized emotion over reason	173
6769946420	Jesuits	Members of the society of Jesus	174

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Period 4 AP World History Flashcards

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6686844555	Atlantic System	The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean Basin	0
6686844556	Middle Passage	A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.	1
6686844557	Aztec Empire	mexican indian people who est. a great empire, centered on the valley of mexico and was overthrown by cortes along with disease in the 16th centuary	2
6686844558	colonies	when a native country forms new land into settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation.	3
6686844559	columbian exchange	the exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas after Columbus' discovery	4
6686844560	hernan cortes	1485-1547, Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico	5
6686844561	Francisco Pizzaro	A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas	6
6686844562	Conquistadors	Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.)	7
6686844563	Silver mining and sugar production in the americas	Europe needed a heavy supply of silver because it was the only thing that the Chinese were willing to trade, sugar want increased as they added it to tea and coffee	8
6686844564	counter reformation	the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)	9
6686844565	Inca Empire	Largest Empire ever built in South America; and conquered by the european, Francisco Pizzaro	10
6686844566	Holy Roman Empire	A Germanic empire began with the coronation of Charlemagne as Roman emperor in a.d. 800 and ended with the renunciation of the Roman imperial title by Francis II in 1806.	11
6686844567	Mestizos	A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory	12
6686844568	Creoles	a person that is european but born in the americas.	13
6686844569	Peninusulars	a person that was born in Europe but lives in the americas.	14
6686844570	Encomienda System	A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians	15
6686844571	Mughal Empire	Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.	16
6686844572	New World	A term for the Americas during the Age of Exploration	17
6686844573	Protestant Reformation	16th century series of religious actions which led to establishment of the Protestant churches. Led by Martin Luther	18
6686844574	Martin Luther	" started " the reformation because of his anger towards indulgences and unjust clergy. he also translated the bible into German	19
6686844575	Lutheran Church	believed to get into heaven all you need is faith	20
6686844576	John Calvin	wrote 'Institutes of the Christian Religion' in 1536; believed that ppl are sinful by nature and that people cannot earn salvation - God chooses a few "elect" who he will save	21
6686844577	Henry VIII	founded the church of England because he wanted to divorce his wife but the pope said no. The fact that the pope was above the king angered him and forced conversion of his country	22
6686844578	Catholic Reformation	Charles V's response to the Protestant Reformation as Emperor to the Holy Roman Empire	23
6686844579	Saint Ignatius Loyola	Leader of Jesuits - pushed for universities, education, human rights, part of the counter reformation	24
6686844580	European religious wars	European regions fought each other on whether to be Protestant or Catholic, princes/leaders would change minds & people would have to follow, soon the wars became political	25
6686844581	Thirty Years War	(1618-1648) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a battle between Frence and their rivals the Hapsburgs, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire	26
6686844582	Treaty Of Westphalia	1648 ended the Thirty Years war. Granted religious freedom to various German towns throughout the Holy Roman Empire	27
6686844583	Absolute monarchy	A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power	28
6686844584	Louis XIV	(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.	29
6686844585	Seven Years War	(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English, proved the English to be the more dominant force.	30
6686844586	Manchus	Federation of Northeast Asian (from Manchuria) peoples who founded the Qing Empire.	31
6686844587	Mercantilism	An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought	32
6686844588	Qing Dynasty	(1644-1911 CE), the last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture,	33
6686844589	daiymo	feudal warlords in japan	34
6686844590	tokugawa shogunate	(1603-1867) Feudal Warlord rulers of Japan. Responisble for closing Japan off from the rest of the world during the edo period	35
6686844591	Reunification of Japan	made possible by 3 strong shogunate which est. the tokugawa, japans government	36
6686844592	Cartography	map making	37
6686844593	The Scientific Revolution	A new way of thinking about the natural world. It was based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs	38
6686844594	Nikolas Copernicus	made the Heliocentric Theory	39
6686844595	Heliocentric model	the idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun( went against the church )	40
6686844596	Galileo	He was the first person to use a telescope to observe objects in space further proved the heliocentric theory	41
6686844597	Issac Newton	British scientist who defined the laws of motion, discovered gravity,	42
6686844598	Prince Henry the Navigator	(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.	43
6686844599	Christopher Columbus	Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)	44
6686844600	Dutch West India Company	(1621-1794) Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.	45
6686844601	French and Indian War	(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French and their allies, The English won and dominated colonials	46
6686844602	Forbidden City	A walled section of Beijing that encloses the palace that was formerly the residence of the emperor of China by the Ming	47
6686844603	Palace of Versailles	King Louis XIV estate where he moved his court, which quickly became the center of political, social, and cultural life	48
6686844604	Scientific method	A series of steps followed to solve problems including experimenting and data collecting	49
6686844605	Delhi Sultante	1200-1526 was the Muslim rule; they were Islams so they made people pay a jizya if they did not convert	50
6686844606	Babur the Tiger	(1483-1530) He lead the Mughal empire, and invaded and conquered India. and a descendent of Timur	51
6686844607	Akbar the Great	(1542-1605) Emperor of the Mughal Empire in India. He is considered to be their greatest ruler. He is responsible for the expansion of his empire, the stability his administration gave to it, and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion.	52
6686844608	Taj Mahal	A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife.	53
6686844609	Topkapi Palace	Political headquarters of the Ottoman Empire, it was located in Istanbul.	54
6686844610	Suleiman the Magnificent	The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); 'The Lawgiver.' He significantly expanded the empire	55
6686844611	Instanbul	modern day Constaninople, changed to this after the Ottomans gained control in 1453	56
6686844612	Safavid Empire	Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries	57
6686844613	Janiassaries	members of the Turkish military that used weapons and were paid money in comparison to calvary that were paid in land	58
6686844614	Millet system	Divided regions in the Ottoman Empire by religion	59
6686844615	edict of nantes	1598 grant of tolerance in France to French Protestants	60
6686844616	romanovs	Ruling family of Russia	61

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