AP World History Chapter 19 Flashcards
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| 9133148932 | Joint-stock investment bank | A bank created by selling shares of stock to investors, such banks potentially have access to much more capital than private banks owned by one or a few individuals. | 0 | |
| 9133153710 | Proletariat | The industrial working class; in Marxism, the class that will ultimately overthrow the bourgeois. | 1 | |
| 9133161864 | Socialism | An ideology that calls for collective or government ownership of the means of production and the distribution of goods. | 2 | |
| 9133167821 | Utopian socialists | Intellectuals and theorists in the early nineteenth century who favored equality in social and economic conditions and wished to replace private property and competition with collective ownership and cooperation; deemed impractical and "utopian" by later socialists. | 3 | |
| 9133174100 | Trade union | An association of workers in the same trade, formed to help members secure better wages, benefits, and working conditions. | 4 | |
| 9133184573 | Marxism | The political, economic, and social theories of Karl Marx, which included the idea that history is the story of the class struggle and that ultimately the proletariat will overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a dictatorship en route to a classless society. | 5 | |
| 9133198658 | Class struggle | The basis of the Marxist analysis of history, which says that the owners of the means of production have always oppressed the workers and predicts and inevitable revolution. | 6 | |
| 9133212236 | Revisionism | A socialist doctrine that rejected Marx's emphasis on class struggle and revolution and argued instead that workers should work through political parties to bring about gradual change. | 7 | |
| 9227029240 | Revolutionary socialism | The socialist doctrine espoused by Georges Sorel, who held that violent action was the only way to achieve the goals of socialism. | 8 | |
| 9227034718 | Legitimacy | The idea that after the Napoleonic wars, peace could best be reestablished in Europe by restoring legitimate monarchs who would preserve traditional institutions; guided Metternich at the Congress of Vienna. | 9 | |
| 9227039612 | Conservatism | An ideology based on tradition and social stability that favored the maintenance of established institutions, organized religion, and obedience to authority and resisted change. | 10 | |
| 9227041667 | Intervention | The idea, after the Congress of Vienna, that the great powers of Europe had the right to send armies into countries experiencing revolution to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones. | 11 | |
| 9227045036 | Liberalism | An ideology based on the belief that people should be as free from restraint as possible. Economic liberalism is the idea that the government should not intervene in the workings of the economy. Political liberalism is the idea that there should be restraints on the exercise of power so that people can enjoy basic civil rights in a constitutional state with a representative assembly. | 12 | |
| 9227049013 | Realpolitik | "Politics of reality"; politics based on practical concerns rather than theories or ethics. | 13 | |
| 9227052799 | Ausgleich | The Compromise" of 1867 that created the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. Austria and Hungary each has its own capital, constitution, and legislative assemble but were united under one monarch. | 14 | |
| 9227055052 | Mass politics | A political order characterized by mass political parties and universal male and (eventually) female suffrage. | 15 | |
| 9227058186 | Anti-Semitism | Hostility toward or discrimination against Jews. | 16 | |
| 9227062066 | Westernizers | In the nineteenth century, Russian intellectuals who believed that Western ways were the solution to Russia's problems. | 17 | |
| 9227067749 | Slavophiles | In the nineteenth century, Russian intellectuals who believed that Russia's tsarist system, peasant villages, and Orthodox religious faith were superior to any Western ideals | 18 | |
| 9227071901 | Anarchists | People who hold that all governments and existing social institutions are unnecessary and advocate a society based on voluntary cooperation. | 19 |
