| 2299233192 | Ka'ba | Building in Mecca that housed idols of the gods of Arabia | | 0 |
| 2299233193 | Islamization | a society's conversion to Islam
The spread of the Islamic faith across the Middle East, southwestern Asia, and northern Africa. | | 1 |
| 2299233197 | Five Pillars of Faith | the essential duties of Muslims must fulfill; faith, prayer, alms, fasting and pilgrimage
Belief of Islam: 1. There is no God but Allah and Muhammed is his messenger 2. Pray 5 times a day 3. Give to the poor 4. Fast during the month of Ramadan (no sex,eating until night) 5. Travel to Mecca at least once in lifetime | | 2 |
| 2299233198 | Sahel | The plains and savannah south of the Sahara in Africa | | 3 |
| 2299233200 | Quipu | knotted cords of various lengths and colors used by the Inca to keep financial records | | 4 |
| 2299233201 | Imperialism | the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. | | 5 |
| 2299233202 | Bantu migration | the movement of the Bantu peoples southward throghout Africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000 | | 6 |
| 2299233203 | Black Death | the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe | | 7 |
| 2299233204 | Bureaucracy | system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials | | 8 |
| 2299233205 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam. Islam was divided after his death into Shi'a and Sunni | | 9 |
| 2299233206 | Abu Bakr | first caliph after death of Muhammad | | 10 |
| 2299233207 | Uthman | Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan | | 11 |
| 2299233208 | Sunni | A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad | | 12 |
| 2299233209 | Shi'a | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | | 13 |
| 2299233210 | Malawi | South African nation | | 14 |
| 2299233211 | Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God | | 15 |
| 2299233212 | Tsars | A Russian term for "Caesar" or ruler; the authoritarian rulers of the Russian empire before its collapse in the 1917 revolution | | 16 |
| 2299233213 | Clovis | King of Franks; conquered Gaul; earned support of Gaul and Church of Rome by converting; Ruled lands in Frankish custom but kept Roman legacy | | 17 |
| 2299233214 | Vassals | lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity | | 18 |
| 2299233216 | Aztecs | P: gov positions were based on whether you were in the noble class + if royalty ran in your family(two figures w/ power ruler and subruler)
E: long distance trade,chinampa farming system, crops: corn,squash, beans, chocolate, feathers) travel by canoes
R: poly, rituals/sacrifices for the sun so it could continue to rise and set
S: hierarchy (4classes: 1 nobles, 2commoners, 3serfs, 4slaves) | | 19 |
| 2299517246 | Calpolli | A group of up to a hundred families that erved as a social building block of an altepetl in ancient Mesoamerica | | 20 |
| 2299233218 | Samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy | | 21 |
| 2299233220 | Kublai Khan | Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China. Established the Yuan Dynasty in China, based in Beijing | | 22 |
| 2299233222 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly | | 23 |
| 2299233223 | Saladin | (1137-1193) Powerful Muslim ruler during Third Crusade, defeated Christians at Hattin took Jerusalem | | 24 |
| 2299233224 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | | 25 |
| 2299233225 | Chinggis Khan | (Temujin)- born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227 prior to conquest of most of the Islamic world. Created largest land empire ever. | | 26 |
| 2299233226 | Mamluks | Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517) | | 27 |
| 2299233227 | Mansa Musa | t ruler in the Mali Empire of western Africa, gave riches to poor, travel and brought back info-> 100 camels loads of gold, trade with berbers = spread of Islam ( they were Islamic) | | 28 |
| 2299995610 | hajji | an honorific title given to a Muslim person who has successfully completed the pilgrimage to Mecca, | | 29 |
| 2299233229 | Charles Martel | Carolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in battle of Tours in 732; ended Muslim threat to western Europe. | | 30 |
| 2299233232 | Callpulli | Clans in Aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors. | | 31 |
| 2299233238 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. | | 32 |
| 2299233239 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program, a new legal code | | 33 |
| 2299233242 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians who then turned capital to Constantinople ->edict of Milan-> build churches | | 34 |
| 2299928821 | edict of Milan | an agreement to treat Christians within the Roman Empire better, ordered by Emperor Constantine and Licinius, who met in Milan and among other things, agreed to change policies towards Christians. | | 35 |
| 2299924713 | Attraction of Bysantine | Pineapple fountain that gave wine, theater that was similar to the colosseum | | 36 |
| 2299233243 | Huns | Warlike people who migrated from Eastern Europe into territory controlled by Germanic tribes, forcing them to move into areas controlled by Rome | | 37 |
| 2299233244 | Serfs | Workers who were tied to the land on which they lived | | 38 |
| 2299233245 | Charlemagne | Frankish king who conquered most of Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800. He was a great patron of education | | 39 |
| 2299233248 | Incas | P: feudal system, centralized gov, later conquered by the Spanish
E: taxes, agriculture, irrigation system (traded among each other)
R: poly, rituals/sacrifices, storytelling
S: 1 ruler 2 Ayllus 3 other citizens (grouped by family + occupations) | | 40 |
| 2299451482 | Ayllus | In Incan society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler | | 41 |
| 2299233253 | Mahayana Buddhism | The more mystical and larger of the two main Buddhist sects, this one originated in India in the 400s CE and gradually found its way north to the Silk road and into Central and East Asia. | | 42 |
| 2299233254 | (Chan) Zen Buddhism | school of Mahayana Buddhism asserting that enlightenment can come through meditation and intuition rather than faith | | 43 |
| 2299233255 | Neo-Confucianism | term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism | | 44 |
| 2299233256 | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | Eastern branch of Christianity that evolved following the division of the Roman Empire and the subsequent development of the Byzantine Empire in the east and the medieval European society in the west. The church recognized the primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople. | | 45 |
| 2299233257 | Roman Catholicism | A branch of Christianity that developed in the western Roman Empire and that recognized the Pope as its supreme head | | 46 |
| 2299233259 | Jihad | a holy struggle or war by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal | | 47 |
| 2299233260 | Crusades | 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade | | 48 |
| 2299233262 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (1337-1453). The French win. | | 49 |
| 2299233265 | Hadith | (Islam) a tradition based on reports of the sayings and activities of Muhammad and his companions | | 50 |
| 2299233267 | Lateen Sails | Triangle-shaped sails whose design allowed ships to sail against the wind. These sails were perfected by Arab traders. | | 51 |
| 2299233273 | Abbasid | dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad to rule the Muslim caliphate for 150 years they maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic civilization and culture flourished | | 52 |
| 2299233274 | Umayyad | the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty,
the first dynasty of Arab caliphs whose capital was Damascus | | 53 |
| 2299233276 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Flourished on the gold and salt trade | | 54 |
| 2299233278 | Holy Roman Empire | Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806. (pp. 260, 449) | | 55 |
| 2299233280 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali | | 56 |
| 2299233282 | Northern/Southern Song | Dynasty after the Tang Dynasty that was forced to relocate to the south after losing power | | 57 |
| 2299233283 | Mongols | a large collection of nomadic tribes that lived north of china in the "steppes" who were later united by Genghis Khan. They formed the largest land empire in history under him | | 58 |
| 2299233287 | Tang Dynasty | dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age ; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria | | 59 |
| 2299233288 | Byzantine Empire | P:theme system, state of war w/ Persians/Islam (pope power as ruler)
E: long distance trade, large land owners had to pay taxes, peasants + slaves, goods (gems, glass, silk)
R:convert to Christianity
S:Hierarchy, women stayed at home, slaves sometimes set free
(Eastern part of Roman Empire) happened after Roman Empire split into East + west | | 60 |
| 2299904471 | The great Schism | The separation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church | | 61 |
| 2299895625 | Theme system | This system divided the Byzantine Empire into different districts that were each led by a general, they were created so that the military could respond quickly to attacks, also peasants who joined the army were given plots of land, thereby increasing the free peasant class. | | 62 |
| 2299241622 | Silk road | trade cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea | | 63 |
| 2299243230 | Saharan Sand Road | trade across the Sahara to reach sub-Saharan Africa | | 64 |
| 2299245602 | Indian Ocean Sea Routes | trade key factor in East-West exchanges. Long distance trade in dhows and sailboats made it a dynamic zone of interaction between peoples, cultures, and civilizations stretching from Java in the East to Zanzibar and Mombasa in the West. | | 65 |
| 2299345489 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians | | 66 |
| 2299345490 | Caesaropapism | Concept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church versus state controversy in medieval Europe. | | 67 |
| 2299394526 | Jizya | Head tax paid by all non-Muslims in Islamic lands. | | 68 |
| 2299394527 | Sharia | "Path"; the whole body of Islamic law, which guides a Muslim's life. | | 69 |
| 2299401198 | Kievan Rus | First city-states settled in the area that would later become Russia | | 70 |
| 2299406264 | Xiongnu | ancient Eurasian nomadic people who formed a state/confederation centered on current the Mongolia | | 71 |
| 2299415045 | Sikhs | A person who practices Sikhism | | 72 |
| 2299417042 | Muhammad | Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam. thought to be the last prophet sent from God | | 73 |
| 2299437251 | feudal system | a peasant or worker known as a vassal received a piece of land in return for serving a lord or king, especially during times of war kind of social system | | 74 |
| 2299523839 | Teotihuacan | P: military, armies, took over some parts of Mesoamerica
E: drainage,waterways systems, long distance trade, trade throughout Mesoamerica
R: poly, afterlife, rituals/sacrifices
S: low classes would be die where high ranking people were buried at, so that they could accompany them in the afterlife
hierarchy - Educated, workers, merchants, civil servants | | 75 |
| 2299544041 | Moche | P: high power warriors + priests
E: irrigation system, trade
R: poly, rituals/sacrifices
S: hierarchy: 1w+p lowest slaves,servants, beggars | | 76 |
| 2299549953 | Axum | P: state control, tribute payments, army and ruler in power
E: farming, ocean/red sea commoners, trade of slaves, domesticating animals, making of clothes +tools
R: Christianity -Coptic
S: Merchants valued, 1ruler 2merchants 3peasants 4 slaves(in debt) "class based on how much land you owned" | | 77 |
| 2299557508 | Coptic | believed in the absolute divinity of Christ in Egypt and Ethiopia | | 78 |
| 2299568991 | Meroe | P: monarchy (ruler)
E: trade, agriculture
R: 1 Christianity 2 Islamic, temples
S: low slaves, high rulers, gov officials & priest | | 79 |
| 2299576916 | Chavin | P: warfare yet no empire
E: trade, coca leaves, llama (1st to domesticate)
R: little known, but most likely poly (jaguar), temples
S: 1king,2 political elite+ religious elite, 3skilled artisans | | 80 |
| 2299825931 | Tang Dynasty | dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria*Confucianism, Mandate of Heaven
P: strong central gov, emperors
E: trade + growth technological innovation (Indian Ocean + silk road)
R: Buddhism but decline after Tang ended
S: Merchants still low class | | 81 |
| 2299826539 | Song Dynasty | placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.*Confucianism, Mandate of Heaven
P: strong central gov
E: trade + growth technological innovation (Indian Ocean + silk road)
R: foot binding = women low status
S: Merchants still low class | | 82 |
| 2299826540 | Sui Dynasty | dynasty that brought China together after it had been divided for 400 years,
P:Mandate of Heaven
E: (Indian Ocean + silk road)
R: Buddhism spread
S: Merchants still low class | | 83 |
| 2299865970 | The Mongols | P: The Khans, conquered others area
E: extensive trade, nomadic people
R: open mined to other religions (were 1st shamanists= believed in natural spirits) | | 84 |
| 2299883090 | Orthodox Church | 1. ruler was the pope
2. Caesaropapist: combine religion power w/ gov power
3. Patriarch: men head of home + church
4. Severe asceticism: punishment given by oneself (punish yourself on earth in order to get forgiveness + go to heaven) -> wiping -> fasting-> stand on pillar
5: Mount athos: mountain where only men could go to women + animals were banned | | 85 |
| 2299949802 | Mali Empire | Formed when Sundiata took control of Ghana Empire. It controlled trade across the Sahara, the South and the Niger River.
ruled by two great rulers, Sundiata and Mansa Musa, strong gold-salt trade. The fall of the empire was caused by lack of strong rulers who could governer*It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade.*Empire created by indigenous Muslims * fell to the Songhay | | 86 |
| 2299950405 | Zimbabwe | 47. The most powerful kingdom in central Africa, whose name means "the dwelling of the chief,",
-Large centralized state in 1450s that had a vibrant trade relationship with Europe and asia. One of the largest states at the time | | 87 |
| 2299962998 | Dar al Islam | P: empires, caliphs, military expansion
E: taxes to non muslims, trade of goods like metals, irrigation
R: Muslim
S: 4 Classes:
1 Muslims at birth ,2 converts, 3protected people were the third (christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians) 4 slaves | | 88 |
| 2300005960 | Islam in Western Africa | 1. Mansa Musa -> rich, trade with berbers who were Islamic spread it
2 records orally instead of written
3 women more equality
4. Swahili: city states,later had small Muslim communities that grew later in time | | 89 |
