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AP world history dates Flashcards

must know dates for the ap world exam

6800090566	preclassical	Beginnings of agriculture	0
6800090567	preclassical	Beginnings of Bronze Age	1
6800090568	preclassical	Iron Age	2
6800090569	classical	life of Buddah, Confucius, Lao Tsu (beginnings of Confucianism, Buddism, Taosim)	3
6800090570	classical	Greek Golden Age	4
6800090571	classical	Alexander the Great	5
6800090572	classical	Qin unified China	6
6800090573	classical	Beginnings of Christianity	7
6800090574	classical	end of Pax Romana	8
6800090575	classical	end of the Han dynasty	9
6800090576	classical	Roman capital moved to Constantinople	10
6800090577	classical	Beginning of Trans-Saharan trade routes	11
6800090578	classical	fall of Rome	12
6800090579	classical	Justinian rule of Byzantine Empire	13
6800090580	postclassical	founding of Islam	14
6800090581	postclassical	Battle of Tours (end of Muslim move into France	15
6800090582	postclassical	Great Schism in Christian Church (Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox)	16
6800090583	postclassical	Norman conquest of England	17
6800090584	postclassical	Battle of Manzikert (Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine Empire)	18
6800090585	postclassical	1st crusade	19
6800090586	postclassical	Monglos sack Baghdad	20
6800090587	postclassical	Marco Polo travels	21
6800090588	postclassical	Mansa Musa's pilgrimage	22
6800090589	postclassical	travel of Ibn Battuta	23
6800090590	postclassical	Bubonic plague in Europe	24
6800090591	postclassical	end of Zheng He's voyages/Rise of Ottomans	25
6800090592	early modern	Ottomans capture Constantinople	26
6800090593	early modern	Dias rounded Cape of Good Hope	27
6800090594	early modern	Columbus sailed the ocean blue/ Reconquista of Spain	28
6800090595	early modern	1st Slaves to Americas	29
6800090596	early modern	Marin Luther/ 95 theses	30
6800090597	early modern	Cortez conquered the Aztecs	31
6800090598	early modern	Pizarro toppled the Inca Empire	32
6800090599	early modern	Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of Ottomans)	33
6800090600	early modern	defeat of the Spanish Armada by the British	34
6800090601	early modern	Battle of Sekigahara - beginning of Tokugawa	35
6800090602	early modern	foundation of Jamestown	36
6800090603	early modern	30 years war	37
6800090604	early modern	unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna	38
6800090605	early modern	Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights	39
6800090606	modern	7 years war/French and Indian War	40
6800090607	modern	American Revolution /Smith writes Wealth of Nations	41
6800090608	modern	French Revolution	42
6800090609	modern	Haitian independence	43
6800090610	modern	Congress of Vienna	44
6800090611	modern	Independence in Latin America	45
6800090612	modern	1st opium war in China	46
6800090613	modern	European revoltuions/marx & Engles write Communist Manifesto	47
6800090614	modern	Commodore Perry opens Japan	48
6800090615	modern	Sepoy Mutiny	49
6800090616	modern	end of Russian serfdom	50
6800090617	modern	Emancipation Proclamation in US	51
6800090618	modern	German unification	52
6800090619	modern	Berlin Conference - division of Africa	53
6800090620	modern	Spanish-American War - Us acquires Philippines, Cuba, Guam, & Puerto Rico	54
6800090621	modern	Boer War- British in control of South Africa	55
6800090622	contemporary	Russo-japanese war	56
6800090623	contemporary	Mexican Revolution	57
6800090624	contemporary	Chinese Revolution	58
6800090625	contemporary	WWI	59
6800090626	contemporary	Russian Revolution	60
6800090627	contemporary	Treaty of Versailles- end of WWI	61
6800090628	contemporary	stock market crash	62
6800090629	contemporary	Japanese invasion of Manchuria	63
6800090630	contemporary	Italian invasion of Ethiopia	64
6800090631	contemporary	German blitzkieg in Poland	65
6800090632	contemporary	Pearl Harbor, entry of US into WWII	66
6800090633	contemporary	end of WWII	67
6800090634	contemporary	independence & partition of India	68
6800090635	contemporary	birth of Israel	69
6800090636	contemporary	Chinese Communist Revolution	70
6800090637	contemporary	Korean War	71
6800090638	contemporary	Vietnamese defeat French at Dien Bien Phu	72
6800090639	contemporary	de-Stalinization/nationalization of Suez canal	73
6800090640	contemporary	Cuban Revolution	74
6800090641	contemporary	Cuban missile crisis	75
6800090642	contemporary	6 day war/Chinese Cultural Revolution	76
6800090643	contemporary	Yom Kippur war	77
6800090644	contemporary	Iranian Revolution	78
6800090645	contemporary	1st Palestinian Intifada	79
6800090646	contemporary	Tiananmen Square/fall of Berlin Wall	80
6800090647	contemporary	fall of USSR/1st Gulf war	81
6800090648	contemporary	genocide in Rwanda/1st all race elections in South Africa	82
6800090649	contemporary	9/11 attacks	83
6800095128	preclassical	Beginning of writing	84
6800129623	modern	Italian unification	85
6816976211	early modern	Manila is established by Spain in Philippines	86

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AP Language and Composition: Grammar Flashcards

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4975158313	Infinitive phrase	to+ verb (ex: Daydreaming about summer, I missed the assignment)	0
4975235248	Pronoun	Takes place as the subject (noun) examples include he, she, her, him, etc.	1
4975334688	Compound Sentence	Two or more independent clauses (can stand alone) conjoined together (FANBOYS, colon or semicolon)	2
4975344671	Complex Sentence	One or more dependent clauses joined to an independent clause (think J and H).	3
4975354700	Dependent Clause	Will begin with a subordination conjunction (ex: after, when, because) OR as relative pro-noun (that, which, who, whom)	4
4975959217	Compound- Complex sentence	One compound sentence joined to a complex sentence	5
4975966141	Appositive	A noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. (Ex: The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the table)	6
4975975944	Loose Sentence	A basic statement with a string of detail added to it. (Ex: Education has no equal in opening minds, instilling values, and creating opportunities)	7
4975987682	Periodic Sentence	Additional details are placed before the basic statement (Ex: In opening minds, instilling values, and creating opportunities education has no equal)	8
4976003504	Parallel Sentence	Grammatical/structural similarities between sentences or parts of a sentence. (Ex: In the last minute of the game, John intercepted the football, evaded the tacklers, and scored a touchdown)	9
4976030091	Balanced Sentence	Two parallel elements set off against each other like equal weights on a scale (Ex: One studies in order to learn, but one learns in order to live)	10
4976040136	Simple Sentence	Contains a subject and a verb, it expresses a complete thought.	11
4976049002	Indicative mood	This means "Stating a fact". The indicative mood is a category of verb forms that we use to state facts.	12
4976072621	Imperative mood	This means "Expressing an order", The imperative mood is a category of verb forms that we use to express orders, instructions, commands or requests.	13
4976091012	Subjunctive mood	The subjunctive mood is a category of verb forms that we use to express things that are not facts: wishes, possibilities, doubts, suggestions, conditions, etc.	14
4976109037	Present participle	Ending in -ing	15
4976111435	Past Participle	Usually ending in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n	16
4976115719	Exclamatory sentence	This expresses excitement of emotion. It ends with an exclamation mark (!)	17
4976170293	Imperative sentence	This is a command or a polite request. It ends with an exclamation mark or period. (Ex: Fetch my umbrella!)	18
4976182833	Interrogative Sentence	This asks a question. Ends with (?)	19
4976194936	Declarative Sentence	This states a fact or an argument and ends with a period.	20
4976201600	Interjection	This is a word used to express a particular emotion or sentiment on the part of the speaker (Ex: ahm)	21
4976252825	Colon	Colons are used for L.E.Q. (Lists, Explanation, Quote)	22
4976264363	Idiom	An expression whose meaning is not predictable and varies from country to country.	23
4976298621	Preposition	Any word that describes the relation between the squirrel and a tree	24
4976324259	Connotation	A meaning that a word evokes other than its normal meaning	25
4976340278	Jargon	The language used in a specific trade	26
4976392781	Gerund	A verb (-ing) that acts as a noun	27
4976453604	Adverbial Phrase	It is something that describes or modifies the verbs (I will sit quietly.(normal adverb) I will sit in silence.(adverbial phrase)	28
4976509090	Comma Splices	The join together two independent clauses that would really rather be apart.	29
4976602430	Commas	Use commas for: lists, FANBOYS, unnecessary info, when starting a sentence with if or when, commas after however or therefore	30
4976648111	Semicolon	Kind of like a period or comma. It joins together two independent clauses that are related. Can also be used to separate complicated lists with lots of commas.	31

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AP World History People Flashcards

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6680473877	King Menes	Consolidated Egypt into a kingdom around 3,100 BC by unifying Upper and Lower Egypt.	0
6680476420	Assurbanipal	King of Assyria. After he died, his consolidations were too large and his empire fell apart and Mesopotamia was conquered by other empires. Live around 600 BC.	1
6680481774	Hammurabi	Lived around 1700 BC, created a strict system of laws, influenced Western legal system. His laws set forth the standards by which people would be held accountable in legal situations; and second, they set forth what would happen as a result of any crime committed.	2
6727769636	Akhenaten	Temporarily forced Egypt to convert to monotheism in favor of his own sun god, but after Akhenaten died, the Egyptians returned to their polytheistic, traditional faith. Lived around 1350 BC.	3
6728464082	Yu the Engineer	Founded the Xia dynasty. Left a government in which the ruler's child would automatically receive the position of power upon the original ruler's death. Second, he invented ways to control and manage the Yellow River. Third, he encouraged people to study metals.	4
6728563352	King Wu	Founded the Zhou dynasty.	5
6729061690	Djoser	2630 BC. Early king of Egypt who built the precursors to pyramids	6
6729310765	Confucius	Lived from 551-478 BC. Founded Confucianism. Thought that if people began with good behavior and acted virtuously on a small level, at home, their behavior and ideas would expand outward into government and society.	7
6729395341	Lao-tzu	Lived around 400 BC. Founded Daoism.	8
6729730703	Siddhartha Gautama	Founded Buddhism.	9
6730072530	Ashoka	Mauryan ruler. Popularized Buddhism in India around 260 BC. Kind ruler who was religiously tolerant.	10
6730741259	Mencius	Lived from 371-289 BC. Encouraged people to trust more in their fellows as they participated in the Confucian lifestyle and to trust in the belief that moral behavior is innate. Advocate of the Mandate of Heaven.	11
6730755009	Xunzi	Lived from 310-210. Confucian who believed that moral behavior had to be taught. Did not believe in the innate goodness of humanity.	12
6730830466	Zhu Xi	Major founder of Neo Confucianism during the Song dynasty.	13
6730919029	Zhaungzi	Lived from 369-286 BC. Wrote the second most important Daoist work called Zhaungzi.	14
6741849268	Zarathushtra / Zoroaster	Could have lived as early as 1700 BC and as late as 500 BC. Founder of Zoroastrianism.	15
6741907198	Darius	Emperor of Persia from 541-486 BC. Popularized Zoroastrianism and gave it state sponsorship. Made several bureaucratic innovations in how the Persian government ran and found another way of funding his court by systemizing taxes. In addition, Darius made improvements to his empire's legal system. His capital was the center of art in Persia.	16
6742519981	Mani	Founder of Manichaeism. Lived from 216-272 AD.	17
6742646750	Abraham	Founder of the Jewish religion. Lived around 1850 BC.	18
6742650100	Moses	Important Jewish figure. Lived around 1300 BC.	19
6742760224	King Saul	The Israelite tribes united under him in 1000 BC.	20
6742764784	King David	Ruled from 1000-970 BC. Great Israelite ruler who encouraged taxes and military preparation.	21
6742771668	King Solomon	Ruled from 970-930 BC. Great Israelite ruler who emphasized trade and religious worship. Built the Solomon's Temple. Trade was important because Israel lacked cedar, which would build the temple.	22
6742816924	Nebuchadnezzar	Assyrian king who demolished the temple that Solomon had built and forced the important authority figures out of Judah to Babylon.	23
6742836648	Pompey	Roman general. Conquered Israel in 63 BC.	24
6742845685	Herod the Great	Lived from 40-4 BC. The Jews did not like Herod very much; he appears to have been a cruel and unforgiving man. Yet he had many achievements as the ruler of Judah, including the creation of many fabulous buildings throughout the region. However, the financial burden of such creation fell on the Jewish citizens of Judah. Herod also made Jerusalem his capital and worked to repair Solomon's Temple there.	25
6742854818	Archelaos	Ruled from 4 BC to 6 AD. Archelaos was much crueler than his father, and the Jews protested his rule to the current Roman emperor, Caesar Augustus. Caesar Augustus removed Archelaos, but then made Judah into a province governed by a Roman prefect, rather than a semi-independent nation ruled by a king.	26
6742928967	Jesus	Founder of Christianity. Lived from 4 BC to 30 AD. Jewish wise man who preached love and compassion and became a martyr for his faith	27
6742971151	Paul of Tarsus	The missionary who helped spread Christianity and convert people to it. Lived around 50 AD.	28
6743054760	Constantine	Roman emperor who converted to Christianity in 312 AD. Battled for power as a tetrarch after Diocletian was not the ruler anymore. Used religion as a tool to bring the empire together. Moved capital of Rome to Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople.	29
6743070991	Theodosius	Made Christianity the official Roman state religion in 392 AD.	30
6743080741	St. Augustine	Lived from 354-430 AD. Tried to evaluate Christian ideas in terms of other moral concerns, such as autonomy and self-rule, and to integrate it with scholarly ideas from Greek and Roman society.	31
6745978049	King Minos	Founder of Minoan civilization on Crete. Lived around 2200 BC. Part of the Minotaur legend.	32
6746090074	Alexander the Great	Conqueror from the Greek area. Hellenized the areas he went to. Influenced Buddhist artwork. Land trade became more common under his rule. Lived from 356-323 BC. Became the Persian emperor after taking over that land. His empire split into three zones in 275 BC.	33
6746192052	Solon	Athens politician who lived around 590 BC. interceded between the rich and the poor in Athens to find a solution that would suit everyone. He tried to find a middle ground and provide benefits to people of all classes. Solon's eventual plan included dividing Athenian society into four groups according to income. Solon made it possible for the people who owed money to receive reprieves, and he prohibited slavery as a means of paying debts. However, the Athenians still permitted slavery. Finally, Solon also made it possible for people from different classes to participate in the governmental process. At first, any Athenian male with enough money and who had his freedom could participate; later this restriction was also lifted.	34
6746214383	Pisistratus	Athenian politician who came to power in 546 BC. He increased strong architecture in Athens and supported religion and arts.	35
6746219030	Pericles	Athenian politician. Helped create jobs, bolster the city, and increase intellectual practices in the region. He also helped establish three sections of government: the People's Courts, the Council of 500, and the Popular Assembly. Ruled around 450 BC.	36
6746227739	Cyrus	Persian conqueror who lived around 500 BC.	37
6746233652	Xerxes	Ruled from 486-465 BC. Persian emperor who threatened the Greeks.	38
6746272626	Thucydides	Greek historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War.	39
6746287055	King Philip II	Ruled from 359-336 BC in Macedon. Father of Alexander the Great. Initially began conquests that Alexander would later continue.	40
6746782409	Cleopatra	Ruled Ptolemaic empire from 51-30 BC when the empire fell.	41
6746836705	Socrates	Lived from 470-399 BC. Greek philosopher. Wanted to understand human mind. "Knew nothing."	42
6746849167	Plato	Lived from 428-347 BC. Greek philosopher. Wrote The Republic, which is about government and politics. Wanted to comprehend the moral nature of humanity. Interested in the "ideal and true." Founded the Academy.	43
6746865145	Aristotle	Lived from 384-322 BC. Greek philosopher. Understand the world with your senses. Created a school called the Lyceum.	44
6749321966	Romulus	Mythical founder of Rome.	45
6749375867	Brutus	Roman who overthrew the Roman monarchy and helped establish the Roman Republic in 500 BC.	46
6769884613	Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus	Lived around 100 BC. The two brothers wanted to shorten the gap between the extremely rich landowners and the rather poor commoners, and they sought to do so by advocating for new laws. Wanted to limit the size of latifundias, and the upper class, feeling threatened, had both of them assassinated.	47
6769905979	Lucius Cornelius Sulla	Roman military leader who wanted to preserve the old ways after the Gracchus incident. Took power after Marius died and killed off his opponents.	48
6769912668	Gaius Marius	Roman military leader who wanted to bring change to the Republic after the Gracchus incident. Popular among the poor, and won Rome for a year. When he died, Sulla took over.	49
6769927078	Julius Caesar	Roman general who conquered Gaul and later became a dictator in 45 BC. Related to Marius and got support by association. awarded greater freedom to the plebeians and kept the patricians from increasing their wealth too quickly. Caesar, who extended the reach of Rome's Republic by setting up colonies in the areas his armies had conquered, helped set up poorer plebeians in those areas and enabled them to make better lives for themselves outside of Rome. Caesar also helped diminish the amount of people working as slaves and enabled more people in the lands Rome had conquered to become free citizens of the region with according rights. Assassinated in 44 BC. Created the Julian calendar.	50
6770019533	Mark Antony	Roman politician who tried to gain complete control of Rome after Caesar died.	51
6770023457	Octavian / Augustus	Roman politician who gained complete control of Rome after Caesar died. Emperor of Rome from 27 BC to 14 AD. Had to deal with the problems of a disorganized army, untrusting government, and suffering citizens at the beginning of his career. Halted empire expansion. Created the Praetorian Guard. Deferential to the patricians. Managed to keep the upper classes happy while slowly transferring more and more of their governmental power to himself. Perpetuated ideas of equality.	52
6779681594	Diocletian	Roman ruler from 284-305 AD. Split Rome into two parts with official government positions. Each section had two rulers. Slowed the financial crisis. Forced people to work undesirable jobs.	53
6779703686	Attila	A Hun. Started his rule in 434 AD. Pushed for more territory for his people. Allied with the Vandals and Franks. Attacked Rome and the Ostrogoths.	54
6782243406	Marcus Tullius Cicero	Lived from 106-43 BC. Roman stoic.	55
6795842261	Justinian	Ruler of the Byzantine empire from 527-565 AD. Made a law code. Tried to take back Italy as a way to reunify Rome.	56
6795988583	Vladimir I	Lived from 958-1015 AD. Converted the Kievan empire to Orthodox Christianity.	57
6796043687	Theodora	Justinian's powerful wife	58
6796098170	Sergius	Byzantine patriarch who, in 1054 AD, tried to create unity in Christianity, but then the Great Schism happened.	59
6796150592	Charlemagne	Frank ruler who lived from 742-814 AD and created an empire in Western Europe.	60
6796225138	Cyril	Gave the Slavs the Cyrillic written language	61
6796288210	Qin Shi Huangdi	Founder of the Qin dynasty. Lived from 259-210 BC. Undermined nobles power. Started the Great Wall of China with a huge amount of slave labor. Commissioned the terracotta army. Standardized coins, weights, and Chinese characters.	62
6796335611	Liu Bang / Gaozu	Lived from 250-195 BC. Founder of the Han dynasty. Tried to do things very differently from the Qin emperor.	63
6796383128	Liu Che / Han Wudi	A Han ruler who lived from 156-87 BC. Rule with a strict legalist policy. Invaded to the north and south, and then made other places pay tribute. Weakened the Xiongnu by allowing peasants to live on their land and protected by the military. Built roads and supported the silk road international trade.	64
6796929560	Jimmu	First emperor of Japan. Lived from 660-585 BC	65
6797063743	Chandragupta Maurya	The first emperor of the Mauryan Empire, who ruled from 340 to 298 BC. Improved trade with a postal system. Furthered military and trade pursuits. Eventually gave up rule to his son, who would be the eventual father of Ashoka.	66
6797273391	Mansa Musa	Lived around 1300 AD. Probably the richest man ever. From Mali area. Travelled to Mecca and cemented Islam in the area.	67
6797802993	Sui Yangdi	Ruled from 604-618. Last ruler of the Sui dynasty and created many ambitious projects. Eventual assassination led to downfall of his dynasty.	68
6807968603	Mohammad	Born around 600 AD. Founder of Islam. Fled to Medina after him and his followers face persecution, but later conquered Mecca.	69
6807995034	Abu Bakr	Became the caliph after Mohammad's death. Compiled the Quran.	70
6808040496	Omar	Second caliph after Abu Bakr	71
6808053371	Uthman	Third caliph after Omar. Assassinated.	72
6808864651	Abu al-Abbas	Ruled the Abbasid caliphate in 750 AD	73
6809561318	Osman	A Seljuk who would later found the Ottoman Empire after the Mongol power vacuum.	74
6812173721	Genghis Khan	Born in 1167 AD. Created the largest empire in human history.	75
6812187944	Kublai Khan	Established the Yuan dynasty in China and ruled there.	76
6812230767	Ju Yuanzhang / Hongwu	poor Chinese peasant who led the final revolt that ousted the Mongols; founder of the Ming dynasty. Made reforms to help poor people.	77
6818765632	Zheng He	Chinese explorer during the Ming Dynasty. Reinforced Chinese domination in the Indian Ocean Basin.	78
6819838707	Chandra Gupta	Founder of the Gupta empire.	79
6829950871	Kangxi	Qing emperor. Conquered tons of land. Laid foundation for political stability and economic prosperity.	80
6829972610	Osman Bey	Founded the Ottoman Empire.	81
6829982500	Mehmed II	Conquered Constantinople for the Ottoman Empire.	82
6830006694	Suleiman	Pinnacle of Ottoman rulers. Conquered land, sponsored public projects, and gave new insight into legal theories.	83

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AP World History Flashcards

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6565864308	BCE	Before the Common Era	0
6565865721	CE	Common Era	1
6985685674	abdicate	to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function	2
6985686530	accession	the act or process by which someone rises to a position of honor/power	3
6985687751	aesthetic	pleasing in appearance	4
6985690422	agrarian	relating to land, land tenure, or the division of landed property	5
6985692479	amenities	something that helps to provide comfort, convenience, or enjoyment	6
6985694790	anarchy	absence of governmental authority	7
6985698877	animism		8
6985699201	antiquity	relating to the life or culture of ancient times	9
6985732238	appeasement	to bring to a state of peace; to cause to subside	10
6985739282	aristocracy	government by the best individuals or by a small privileged class; a class or group of people believed to be superior (as in rank, wealth, or intellect)	11
6985778915	asceticism	severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons	12
6985781841	assimilate	to take into the mind and thoroughly understand; to absorb into the cultural tradition of a population or group	13
6985783887	authoritarian	of, relating to, or favoring a concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people	14
6985795438	autocracy	the authority or rule of a person (such as a monarch) ruling with unlimited authority	15
6985858053	barbarism	the practice or display of barbarian acts, attitudes, or ideas	16
6985862806	bureaucracy	a body of nonelective government officials	17
6985867368	city-state	an autonomous state consisting of a city and surrounding territory	18
6985868779	civic	of or relating to a citizen, a city, citizenship, or community affairs	19
6985883292	classical	of or relating to the ancient Greek and Roman world and especially to its literature, art, architecture, or ideals	20
6985897553	colonial	of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony; of or relating to the original 13 colonies forming the United States	21
6985899022	commerce	the exchange or buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place to place	22
6985899574	communal	participated in, shared, or used in common by members of a group or community	23
6985915014	concubine	a woman with whom a man cohabits without being married	24
6985922021	conscription	compulsory enrollment of persons especially for military service (draft)	25
6985923859	cosmopolitan	belonging to all the world; not limited to just one part of the world	26
6985929994	coup	a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government	27
6985931352	demography	the statistical study of human populations especially with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital statistics	28
6985932737	despot		29
6985933368	diaspora	the movement, migration, or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland	30
6985937117	dissent	to withhold assent or approval; to differ in opinion	31
6985939585	dissident	disagreeing especially with an established religious or political system, organization, or belief	32
6985958323	domestic	of, relating to, or originating within a country and especially one's own country	33
6985970010	domesticate	to bring into use in one's own country	34
6985973714	dynasty	a succession of rulers of the same line of descent	35
6985980598	edict	a proclamation having the force of law	36
6986002762	egalitarian	believe in human equality especially with respect to social, political, and economic affairs	37
6986004967	elite	the socially superior part of society	38
6986004968	emigrate	to leave one's place of residence or country to live elsewhere	39
6986017354	epic		40
6986018123	ethnocentric	characterized by or based on the attitude that one's own group is superior	41
6986210195	feudalism	the system of political organization prevailing in Europe from the 9th to about the 15th centuries having as its basis the relation of lord to vassal with all land held in fee and as chief characteristics homage, the service of tenants under arms and in court, wardship and forfeiture	42
6986233357	genocide	the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group	43
6986233358	gentry	the condition or rank of a gentleman; upper or ruling class	44
6986233651	guild	an association of people with similar interests or pursuits	45
6986310512	hierarchy	a ruling body of clergy organized into orders or ranks each subordinate to the one above it; a body of persons in authority	46
6986322553	hominids		47
6986363139	homogenous	of the same kind; alike.	48
6986365487	ideology	a systematic body of concepts especially about human life or culture	49
6986367794	imperial/imperialism	of, relating to, befitting, or suggestive of an empire or an emperor	50
6986368577	indigenous	produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment	51
6986369980	infrastructure	the underlying foundation or basic framework (as of a system or organization)	52
6986370305	lineage	descent in a line from a common ancestor	53
6986371527	linguistic	of or relating to language	54
6986372840	manifest	easily understood or recognized by the mind	55
6986373938	maritime	of or relating to navigation or commerce on the sea	56
6986374880	martial	relating to an army or to military life	57
6987814274	matrilineal	relating to, based on, or tracing descent through the maternal (mother's) line	58
6987818404	mercenary	one that serves merely for wages; especially : a soldier hired into foreign service	59
6987820428	monarchy	undivided rule or absolute sovereignty by a single person	60
6987825259	monopoly	exclusive ownership through legal privilege, command of supply, or concerted action	61
6987834292	monotheism	the doctrine or belief that there is but one God	62
6987834293	mystical		63
6988100671	nation-state	a form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state	64
6988685922	neo	a new or revived form of	65
6988691073	neolithic	of or relating to the latest period of the Stone Age characterized by polished stone implements	66
6993411195	nomadic		67
6993411196	oligarchy	government by the few; a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes	68
6993425294	pantheon	a temple dedicated to all the gods	69
6993447766	papal	of or relating to a pope or to the Roman Catholic Church	70
6993449140	papacy	the office of pope	71
6993464753	parliament/parliamentary system	a formal conference for the discussion of public affairs; the supreme legislative body of a usually major political unit that is a continuing institution comprising a series of individual assemblages	72
6993464754	pastoral		73
6993464755	patriarchal	relating to or being a social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wives and children, and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line	74
6993464756	patrilineal	relating to, based on, or tracing descent through the paternal (father's) line	75
6993464757	patronage		76
6993464758	peasant	a usually uneducated person of low social status	77
6993464759	pharaoh	a ruler of ancient Egypt	78
6993464760	piety/pious	the quality or state of being pious (marked by or showing reverence for deity and devotion to divine worship)	79
6993464761	polity	political organization	80
6993464762	polygamy	marriage in which a spouse of either gender may have more than one mate at the same time	81
6993464763	polytheism	belief in or worship of more than one god	82
6993464764	proselytize	to recruit or convert especially to a new faith, institution, or cause	83
6993464765	provincial		84
6993464766	regent	a person who governs a kingdom in the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign	85
6993464767	republic	(1) : a government having a chief of state who is not a monarch and who in modern times is usually a president (2) : a political unit (such as a nation) having such a form of government	86
6993464768	rhetoric/rhetorical	the art of speaking or writing effectively: such as a : the study of principles and rules of composition formulated by critics of ancient times b : the study of writing or speaking as a means of communication or persuasion	87
6993464769	sedentary	permanently attached	88
6993464770	serf	a member of a servile feudal class bound to the land and subject to the will of its owner	89
6993464771	Sharia	Islamic law based on the Koran	90
6993464772	Sinification		91
6993464773	state	a politically organized body of people usually occupying a definite territory; especially : one that is sovereign	92
6993464774	steppe	one of the vast usually level and treeless tracts in southeastern Europe or Asia	93
6993464775	stratification	the act or process of dividing or arrange into classes, castes, or social strata	94
6993464776	Sub-Saharan	of, relating to, or being the part of Africa south of the Sahara	95
6993464777	subordinate	submissive to or controlled by authority	96
6993464778	succession	the order in which or the conditions under which one person after another succeeds to a property, dignity, title, or throne	97
6993464779	syncretism	the combination of different forms of belief or practice	98
6993464780	textiles	cloth, especially those woven or knit	99
6993464781	theocracy	government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided; a state governed by a theocracy	100
6993464782	theology	the study of religious faith, practice, and experience; especially the study of God and of God's relation to the world	101
6993464783	totalitarian	of or relating to centralized control by an autocratic leader or hierarchy	102
6993464784	tributary state	A state that is subordinate to a more powerful neighbour.	103
6993464785	tyranny	oppressive power, especially oppressive power exerted by government	104
6993464786	urban/urbanize	of, relating to, characteristic of, or constituting a city	105
6993464787	usurp	to seize and hold (office, place, functions, powers, etc.) in possession by force or without right	106
6993464788	vernacular		107

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AP World History review Flashcards

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6621268684	resistance and religious responses	In the 20th century, the Tibetans have resisted Communist China rule. Buddhism has supported this. Also,in Poland, Pope John Paul II's religious condemnation of communism helped to lead to free elections and the fall of the Soviet Union.	0
6621316088	Deforestation	Massive cutting down of rain forests in Latin America and Asia. Leads to economic development for the country., but leads to environmental problems for the rest of the world.	1
6621332691	Green Movement	Environmental and political movement mainly focused in Europe.	2
6621339779	The West/ The East	During the Cold War, countries were seen as either "communism and dictatorial" or "capitalistic and democratic". Eastern countries were aligned with the Soviet Union and included the Eastern Bloc(Poland, Romania, and East Germany), Cuba, and China. The western countries aligned with United States and Western Europe.	3
6621368050	Consumer society	Society that is dominated by buying and spending. Typical of Western countries and those industrialized countries influenced by them.	4
6621390898	High Tech Warfare/Guerrilla Warfare	High tech warfare includes missiles,submarines, and fighter jets. Most developing nations lack such weapons and reply upon guerrilla tactics like ambush, civilian soldiers, and homemade bombs.	5
6621448732	Third World Economic Development	Economic development in developing countries is very challenging . Most are still agricultural and rely on cash crops. Some have begun to industrialize but are normally being controlled by multi-national companies. Most are highly in debt to industrialized countries.	6
6621422092	Fascism	Extreme nationalism in a state where the glorification of the state is the defining characteristic. This included: Hitler's Nazi Germany, Mussolini's Italy, Franco's Spain, and Japan prior to WWII .	7
6621443451	Internationalization of Culture	Local cultures and traditions being replaced by an "international" culture. For example,in Japan,traditional Japanese music, art,clothing,and entertainment has been almost replaced by Western culture. McDonald's would be a good example, as would blue jeans.	8
6621460498	Artistic modernism	20th century art that focuses on non-representative art. Think Picasso and Jackson Pollock; Cubism was inspired by African masks	9
6641881585	United Nations	body that provides dialogue for international concerns and an option of collective security to areas in need (UN troops)	10
6641881586	Non-Aligned Nations	developing nations that meet together to try to deal with issues and concerns	11
6641882469	Decolonization	the process in process in latin america, africa, an parts of Asia of Western powers. Some was accomplished through rebellions and wars	12
6641882470	genocide	intentional efforts to annihilate a group of people . In the 20th century the most well known was the Holocaust., but the others occurred. These included: 1.5 millions Armenians killed by Turks; about 7 million Ukrainians and other non-Russians,under Stalin:Rape of Nanjing resulted in about 300,000 Chinese killed by Japanese ; and 2 millions Cambodians died under the Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot	13
6641883557	pacific rim	Refer to China, Australia, Indonesia	14
6641884591	multinational companies		15
6641947845	feminism		16
6641947846	globalization		17
6641952014	Breakup of Soviet Union		18
6641953064	Great Depression		19

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6946074134	Abate	To remove, stone carving, or hammer down, as in metalwork	0
7020101836	Absolution	A remission of sin or the punishment for sin. Made by the priest in the sacrament of penance on the ground, by authority received from Christ.	1
7020128750	Adjacent	Related or very close to a specified topic.	2
7020140752	Agrarian	concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land	3
7020152578	Agriculture	The raising of crops and animals for food, feed, fiber, fuel, or other useful products.	4
7020161758	Anthropomorphic	having human form or characteristics	5
7020168288	Aristocracy	Government by those considered to be the best or most able people in the state.	6
7020187568	Avarice	a greedy desire, particularly for wealth	7
7020190945	Bias	a systematic as opposed to a random distortion of a statistic as a result of sampling procedure.	8
7020225175	Buddhism	A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.	9
7020226583	Bureaucracy	A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials	10
7020234161	Capital	The most important city of a region.	11
7020240021	Capitalism	An economic system based on private ownership of capital	12
7020241467	Capitulate	to surrender	13
7020250213	Centralized	concentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority	14
7020260930	Charlatan	A pretender or imposter	15
7020287704	Chattel	an item of personal, movable property; slave	16
7020294706	Chiefdom	A political economy that organizes regional populations through hierarchy of the chiefs	17
7020305687	Christianity	Official Religion during the declining century of the Roman Empire.	18
7020314878	City-State	a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.	19
7020331731	Civilization	A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes	20
7020332656	Clergy	the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.	21
7020338125	Coerce	to force by using pressure, intimidation, or threats	22
7020341265	Colonialism	the control and exploitation of an area by a political power from another territory.	23
7020348761	Colony	A group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere.	24
7020353153	Communism	an economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions	25
7020364374	Confucianism	a system of beliefs based on the teachings of Confucius	26
7020369877	Copious	abundant, plentiful	27
7020379899	Culture	Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.	28
7020390053	Daoism	a Chinese philosophy concerned with obtaining long life and living in harmony with nature	29
7020394319	Deforestation	Cutting of trees	30
7020401976	Demography	study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease.	31
7020413351	Derive	Base a concept on a logical extension or modification of another concept.	32
7020431220	Diaspora	Jews living outside Israel	33
7020434134	Divine	of, from, or like God or a god.	34
7020437682	Dynasty	a line of hereditary rulers of a country.	35
7020447895	Economic	the system in a country that involves making, buying, and selling goods	36
7020449033	Edict	An order issued by someone in authority	37
7020450527	Egalitarian	promoting equal rights for all people	38
7020451074	Empire	A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler	39
7070757967	Encroach	(v.) to advance beyond the usual or proper limits, trespass	40
7070760929	Epidemic	A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.	41
7070765590	Equitable	valid in equality as distinct from law	42
7070778272	Ethnocentrism	Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.	43
7070786815	Feudalism	A system of government based on landowners and tenants	44
7070791342	Forage	to search for food or provisions	45
7070809012	Fundamental	something necessary; of central importance	46
7070855977	Genocide	the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation	47
7070950854	Globalization	development of a worldwide culture with an interdependent economy	48
7070997687	Hegemony	the domination of one state or group over its allies	49
7071015491	Hierarchy	A system in which people are ranked above one according to status	50
7071052068	Hinduism	A major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion.	51
7071076261	Ideology	A consistent set of beliefs by groups/individuals	52
7071085839	Imperialism	rule by an emperor	53
7071104832	Incursion	an invasion or attack; especially a sudden or brief one	54
7071189009	Indentured Servant	men or women who sold their labor for the cost of a trip from England to the Colonies	55
7071206196	Indignant	showing anger or annoyance for unfair treatment	56
7071254852	Industrial	change in technology, brought about by improvements in machinery and by use of steam power	57
7078042365	Inflation	A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.	58
7078052137	Institution	an organization founded for a religious, education, social or similar purpose	59
7078053694	Intermediary	someone who acts as a go-between or mediator between two people or groups of people	60
7078058294	Judaism	the religion of the Jewish people	61
7078060223	Lambast	To criticize harshly	62
7078062786	Legitimate	conforming to the law or to rules	63
7078072176	Malfeasance	wrongdoing or bad conduct by a public official	64
7078102340	Manufacture	To make something, especially on a large scale using machinery.	65
7078108833	Maritime	type of temperate climate near an ocean or sea	66
7078114500	Matriarchy	A society ruled or controlled by women	67
7078124762	Medieval	relating to or belonging to the Middle Ages	68
7078159964	Merchant	A person who makes money by selling goods	69
7078192653	Monarchy	A government ruled by a king or queen	70
7078199307	Monotheism	Belief in one God	71
7078200279	Munificence	generosity in giving	72
7078206868	Myriad	a countless or extremely great number	73
7078207396	Nation	A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country	74
7078210562	Negligible	so unimportant that it can be disregarded	75
7078214203	Neolithic	New Stone Age, era of farming, cities and the first civilizations.	76
7078218227	Nobility	a class of people having high birth or rank	77
7078219330	Nomadic	wandering, moving about from place to place	78
7078225021	Pagan	a person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions	79
7078226346	Pandemic	widespread; epidemic over a wide geographic region	80
7078228557	Papacy	the office or the position of the pope	81
7078230341	Parity	equality, as in amount, status, or value	82
7078233274	Pastoral	1. concerned with the countryside; 2. care given by clergy	83
7078237912	Patriarchy	Egypt was ruled by a Patriarchy (dominated by men)(Not Pharaohs)	84
7078246739	Periodization	Division of a training program into smaller, progressive stages.	85
7078252512	Placate	make (someone) less angry or hostile	86
7078258177	Plethora	A great number, an abundance	87
7078265045	Polytheism	Belief in many gods	88
7078268972	Prehistoric	A time before written history	89
7078276355	Prevalent	powerful	90
7078278996	Primary Source	something made or written by someone who was there at the time; an original record	91
7078280237	Prolific	present in large numbers or qualities	92
7078284318	Protestant	a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation	93
7078285680	Prowess	(n.) distinguished bravery; superior skill or ability	94
7078291082	Rational	logical or sensible	95
7078293788	Reform	of, denoting, or pertaining to Reform Judaism	96
7078307121	Regime	(n.) a government in power; a form or system of rule or management; a period of rule	97
7078309332	Revolution	a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.	98
7078310966	Rural	in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town.	99
7078315903	Scribe	a person who copies or writes out documents; often a record keeper	100
7078320154	Secondary Source	Information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event	101
7078325404	Secular	denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.	102
7078325993	Serf	A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord	103
7078327429	Shaman	an ancient doctor, healer, or priest, they were called upon for religious ceremonies	104
7078330090	Slave	a person who had few rights and who spent his or her entire life in service of others	105
7078332221	Stratified	2 or more layers	106
7078339336	Subjective	based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions	107
7078341021	Subjugate	(v.) to conquer by force, bring under complete control	108
7078341434	Surplus	A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded	109
7078343622	Syncretic	A religion that combines several traditions	110
7078344726	Textile	A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing	111
7078345497	Theocracy	A government controlled by religious leaders	112
7078345951	Tumultuous	Riotous, violently agitated, marked by disturbance or uproar; noisy, chaotic	113
7078346685	Ubiquitous	present or existing everywhere	114
7078346686	Urban	Cities	115
7078348271	Veneration	respect or awe inspired by the dignity, wisdom, or talent of a person	116
7078348681	Xenophobic	having or showing a dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.	117

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AP Prep World History: Reformation Flashcards

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3786895414	Church corruptions	Simony, Nepotism, Pluralism, Absenteeism, and Indulgences	0
3786920466	Why did the Reformation begin in Germany?	1. Germany was not a united country 2. German princes held a lot of political independence 3. Lack of a strong central government provided no outlet for German nationalism 4. Lack of a strong central government failed to stamp out new ideas. No one to stop criticism of the church. 5. Lack of a strong central government brought no protection from the overbearing authority of the church.	1
3786997306	John Wycliffe	an English professor of theology at the University of Oxford & a lay preacher, A well know advocate of reform within the Catholic Church, translated the Bible into the English language in 1384, founder of the Lollard movement	2
3787052037	Jan Huss	a Bohemian priest who was inspired to preach church reform after reading Wycliffe. he was excommunicated & was burned at the stake as a heretic.	3
3787076349	Christian Humanists	recognized abuses in the church and advocated reform	4
3787092520	Erasmus	"In Praise of Folly" and the New Testament	5
3787108861	Sir Thomas More	"Utopia"	6
3787153224	Martin Luther	lead the Protestant Reformation	7
3787188053	Leo X	pope, father was Demedachi, had an indulgence sale	8
3787205478	John Tetzel	wrote the 95 Theses to explain Leo X was wrong about how you got into heaven	9
3787218538	John Eyck	1. sola fide (by faith alone) 2. sola gratia (only the grace of God) 3. sola scriptura (by scripture only; what's in the Bible)	10
3787248415	Edict of Worms	1. Luther declared a heretic should be burned at the stake 2. all subjects of the empire are forbidden to give aid or comfort to Luther 3. all of Luther's books & writings are banned	11
3787273936	Protestants	non-Catholic Christians	12
3787281110	Peace of Augsburg	between the Catholics & protestants	13
3787293029	Johanne Gutenburg	the movable printing press & the Gutenburg Bible	14
3787396556	Ulrich Zwingnli	Reformation in Switzerland	15
3787423493	Anabaptists	extreme reformers and were considered heretics	16
3787450841	Beliefs of the Anabaptists	1. believer's baptism - reject infant baptism bc it should be engaged upon by an adult 2. symbolism of the Eucharist - communion is a memorial of Christ's death 3. Separation of church and state - religious leaders should not hold positions of secular authority 4. Pacifists - complete nonviolence, even in self-defense & did not believe in war under any conditions	17
3787623823	John Calvin	a French reformer who started his work after Luther, but ended up directly influencing more people. wrote "Institutes on the Christian Religion". forced to leave France and settled in Geneva, Switzerland	18
3787758598	Predestination	God has already chosen those who will achieve salvation	19
3787782587	Elect	a person who is chosen by God for salvation	20
3787825453	John Knox	one of Calvin's most notable follower that was a Scottish minister. he brought Calvin's reformed church back to Scotland and established the Presbyterian Church	21
3787851539	Huguenots	French protestants	22
3787914061	Henry VIII	had 6 wives and was very unsuccessful at producing a boy with his wives	23
3787967809	Catherine of Aragon	Henry VIII's first wife with a daughter named Mary Tudor (divorced)	24
3787974224	Anne Boleyn	Henry VIII's second wife with a daughter named Elizabeth (beheaded)	25
3787986427	Thomas Cromwell	made the Parliment that makes laws	26

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